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  • 1
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    The predicting power of models for eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
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  • 2
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    A control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
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  • 3
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    Cultural methods of detection for microorganisms: recent advances and successes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5317 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:35 | 5317 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Most microbiological methods require culture to allow organisms to recover or to selectively increase, and target organisms are identified by growth on specific agar media. Many cultural methods take several days to complete and even then the results require confirmation. Alternative techniques include the use of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances to identify bacteria as they are growing, selective capture using antibodies after short periods of growth, molecular techniques, and direct staining with or without flow cytometry for enumeration and identification. Future microbiologists may not use culture but depend on the use of specific probes and sophisticated detection systems.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Detection ; Bacteria ; Cultured organisms ; Enzymes ; Immunofluorescence ; Flow cytometry ; Microbiological culture
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  • 4
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    The microbiological quality of water: the nature of the problem (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5315 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:22 | 5315 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Improvements in methods for the detection and enumeration of microbes in water, particularly the application of techniques of molecular biology, have highlighted shortcomings in the ”standard methods” for assessing water quality. Higher expectations from the consumer and increased publicity associated with pollution incidents can lead to an uncoupling of the cycle which links methodological development with standard-setting and legislation. The new methodology has also highlighted problems within the water cycle, related to the introduction, growth and metabolism of microbes. A greater understanding of the true diversity of the microbial community and the ability to transmit genetic information within aquatic systems ensures that the subject of this symposium and volume provides an ideal forum to discuss the problems encountered by both researcher and practitioner.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Hydrologic cycle ; Methodology ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Primary production ; Fungi ; Cryptosporidium
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  • 5
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    Detection of specific bacteria in water: implications of survival strategy (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5318 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:37 | 5318 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is widely recognised that conventional culture techniques may underestimate true viable bacterial numbers by several orders of magnitude. The basis of this discrepancy is that a culture in or on media of high nutrient concentration is highly selective (either through ”nutrient shock” or failure to provide vital co-factors) and decreases apparent diversity; thus it is unrepresentative of the natural community. In addition, the non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) is a strategy adopted by some bacteria as a response to environmental stress. The basis for the non-culturable state is that cells placed in conditions present in the environment cannot be recultured but can be shown to maintain their viability. Consequently, these cells would not be detected by standard water quality techniques that are based on culture. In the case of pathogens, it may explain outbreaks of disease in populations that have not come into contact with the pathogen. However, the NCBV state is difficult to attribute, due to the failure to distinguish between NCBV and non-viable cells. This article will describe experiences with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the application of molecular techniques for its detection and physiological analysis.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Detection ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; Microbiological culture
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  • 6
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    The impact of molecular biology on assessment of water quality: advantages and limitations of current techniques (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5316 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:33 | 5316 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The advent of molecular biology has had a dramatic impact on all aspects of biology, not least applied microbial ecology. Microbiological testing of water has traditionally depended largely on culture techniques. Growing understanding that only a small proportion of microbial species are culturable, and that many microorganisms may attain a viable but non-culturable state, has promoted the development of novel approaches to monitoring pathogens in the environment. This has been paralleled by an increased awareness of the surprising genetic diversity of natural microbial populations. By targeting gene sequences that are specific for particular microorganisms, for example genes that encode diagnostic enzymes, or species-specific domains of conserved genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA coding sequences (rrn genes), the problems of culture can be avoided. Technical developments, notably in the area of in vitro amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), now permit routine detection and identification of specific microorganisms, even when present in very low numbers. Although the techniques of molecular biology have provided some very powerful tools for environmental microbiology, it should not be forgotten that these have their own drawbacks and biases in sampling. For example, molecular techniques are dependent on efficient lysis and recovery of nucleic acids from both vegetative forms and spores of microbial species that may differ radically when growing in the laboratory compared with the natural environment. Furthermore, PCR amplification can introduce its own bias depending on the nature of the oligonucleotide primers utilised. However, despite these potential caveats, it seems likely that a molecular biological approach, particularly with its potential for automation, will provide the mainstay of diagnostic technology for the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Detection ; RNA ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases
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  • 7
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    Biodiversity in drinking water distribution systems:a brief review (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5323 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:12 | 5323 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In drinking water distribution systems, three groups of living organisms are usually found in the biofilm and circulating water: heterotrophic bacteria, free-living protozoa, and macro-invertebrates. Indirect evidence suggests that protozoa grazing in distribution systems can partially eliminate biomass production and accidental microbiological pollution. This paper examines the biodiversit in drinking water distribution systems.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Biodiversity ; Food chains ; Bacteria ; Invertebrate larvae ; Escherichia coli
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  • 8
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    Persistence of viable but non-culturable bacteria during the production and distribution of drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5322 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:32 | 5322 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The direct measurement of in situ respiring bacteria using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) shows that, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, large numbers of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria are present in finished water from a conventional water treatment plant, and the regrowth of bacteria along distribution networks can be seen rapidly by using this very sensitive technique. The level of bacterial inactivation with chlorine is much less important than has been previously supposed (based on experiments with non-injured laboratory strains of bacteria and classical culture techniques). Threshold values of VBNC bacteria leaving water treatment plants or regrowing along distribution systems have to be determined for better control of coliform regrowth and health- risks associated with the consumption of drinking water.
    Keywords: Biology ; Health ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Water treatment ; Bacteria ; Microbiological culture ; Bacterial counters ; Staining ; Growth curves ; France
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  • 9
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    Immunodetection of planktonic algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5333 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:04:52 | 5333 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Interest in the identification and characterisation of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in aquatic environments is increasing rapidly due to the perceived roles of these organisms in primary production and nuisance aspects in terms of water treatment and public health. Techniques for the identification and quantification of these organisms currently are limited, and the application of molecular approaches provides fundamental taxonomic information and techniques of practical value. Antigenic properties of algal cells may be useful taxonomic markers. Immunodetection techniques utilise the specificity of the antibody/antigen association as a probe for recognising and distinguishing between microorganisms according to their cell- surface chemistry. Immunofluorescent detection of unicellular cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates has been studied with success in marine and freshwater ecosystems and a range of techniques and results are presented and discussed. The most recent advances in the study of planktonic algae have come with the application of continuous flow cytometric methods (CFC). Flow cytometry makes use of the autofluorescence properties of the algal cells, which alone can be used to demonstrate their presence and permit their quantification in natural water samples. When used in conjunction with immunolabelling techniques, the potential of CFC analysis is broadened to study the serological/strain composition of plankters in natural populations. Changes in algal strains represented within and between waters over periods of time are reported and discussed, along with the ecological issues thus raised.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Methodology ; Algae ; Plankton ; Immunology ; Detection ; Toxicity tests ; Immunofluorescence ; Synechococcus ; Alexandrium tamarens ; Prorocentrum micans
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  • 10
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    Assessment of different methods of water treatment on decreasing pathogenic bacteria in shrimp hatcheries (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25373 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:49 | 25373 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project of "Assessment of different methods of water treatment on decreasing pathogenic bacteria in shrimp hatcheries" achieved by mean of reviewing the effectiveness of various methods on the water treatment to reduce bacterial load of sea water. The project performed in Bandargah region of Bushehr province in order to checking the effect of different methods on the sea water and bacterial population. This project has been done over a year. In this study a total of 138 samples was collected during seven times and was evaluated as well as 7 treatments. In this study, the comparison of the effect of each factors (sand filter, chlorine, ultra violet ray, chlorine combined with ultra violet ray) was analyzed on the sea water by means of disinfection. During this study, other environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity was measured till we can ensure that they don’t have any negative impact on the treatments. Results showed that the density of total bacteria in sea water (Control) was averagely 5187 CFU/ml, this was done while the total density of bacteria in the sea water, reservation pool sample, sand filter water, water that irradiated with ultraviolet rays, chlorinated water and the water that was influenced by both chlorine and ultra violet ray was respectively 5187 2137, 4449 2042, 2782 1335, 1164 692, 143 104, 87 76 CFU/ml. Therefore, reservation pool, sand filter, ultra violet ray, chlorine, chlorine-ultra violet ray each of them was reduce respectively 14, 46, 77, 97, 98 percent of the density of total bacteria or in other words they reduced 0.06, 0.27, 0.65, 1.56, 1.77 log of the total population of bacteria in water. Moreover, the results from the total count of vibrios showed that reservation pool, sand filter, ultra violet ray, chlorine, chlorine-ultra violet ray each of them was reduce respectively 17, 47, 74, 98, 99 percent of the density of total vibrios or in other words they reduced respectively 0.08, 0.27, 0.59, 1.66, and 1.95 log of the total population of vibrios in sea water. Also the bacteria that isolated from each treatment were identified with the use of biochemical methods that totally were includes a wide range of bacteria, the identified vibrios were: Vibrio alginolyticus, V. costicola, V. fischeri, V. fluvialis I, V. fluvialis II, V. harveyi, V. natriegens, V. nigripulchritudo, V. parahaemolyticus, V. plagius I, V. vulnificus, V. anguilarum I, V. campbellii, V. nereis, V. proteolyticus, V. splendidus, and Unknown V. spp. Other identified bacteria belonging to the following genus: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Borkholderia, Eschricia, Enteroacter, Flavobacterium, Micococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Staphaphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Unknown Bacteria spp. By comparing the results, we concluded that the best result was related to treatment that the sea water had been disinfected after the combined effects of chlorine and ultraviolet ray. It was determined that this process in compared with other treatments, had been reduced the total number of bacteria, the total number of Vibrios, the number of sucrose fermentative vibrios, and the number of non-sucrose fermentative vibrios respectively 98, 99, 98, 99 percent. In other words, the number of bacteria was reduced respectively 1.77, 1.94, 1.82, 2.23 log. So in this study, the applied method was introduced as the most effective way of disinfecting sea water. Meanwhile, none of pathogenic bacteria for shrimp including Vibrio harveyi was isolated by using this treatment. Comparing the results showed that the combined effects of chlorine and ultraviolet radiation is the most effective applied method for disinfecting sea water.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr province ; Bandargah region ; Shrimp ; Water treatment ; Sea Dissolved oxygenwater ; Bacteria ; Hatchery ; Assessment ; Population ; Temperature
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  • 11
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    A survey on health status of marine fish in Bandar-e-Imam station (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25189 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:16:20 | 25189 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mariculture is one of the most important sub sector fisheries industry in Asia-pacific region. There are over 40 marine fish species commonly cultured, such as groupers (Epinephlus spp.), snappers (Lutjanus spp.) and Asian sea bass (Lattes calcarifer). But this industry in Southeast Asia experienced serious disease problem since the late 1980s. Khouzestan province has a coastal line about 200 km with many Creek and suitable area for Mariculture. Marine fish culture in Khouzestan province in floating net cages was successfully initiated in Ghazaleh Creek following development of Epinephlus coioides artificial seed production in the 1372. This study has been conducted since 1384 to 1387 in Bandar-e-Imam station. The aim of this research project was to determine the health management status in cage and hatchery, identification of marine fish pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi and parasite), examination of heavy metal in cages sediment and test the physico chemical factors of water in cages and hatchery. Different parts of broodstocks body and fingerlings including intestine, gills and body surface were examined. In this study, 18 Genus and species of bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio splendidus, Vibrio vulnificus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Pseudomonas sp. were diagnosed. Also 7 Genus and species of fungi such as: Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp. And Fusarium sp. Were isolated. In this survey following of disease appearance parasites such as; protozoans Amyloodinium sp. And Trichodina sp. In E.coioides and Acanthopagrus latus and Sparidentex hasta, monogean such as Benedenia sp. In E.coioides and S. hasta, isopoda probably Nerocila sp. In nasal cavity of E.coioides and copepods such as: Caligus sp. And Lernanthropus sp. In A.latus and S.hasta were identified. In this study, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and parasites) isolated from three different marine fishes species, were reported for the first time in Iran. The range of the physico-chemical parameters of water in cages were: DO (5.42-10.24 ppm), BOD5 (1.51-10.24 ppm), No_2 (0.0197-0.89 ppm), No_3 (3.53-11.93 ppm), Po_4 (0.965-6.05 ppm), turbidity (4-58 NTU) and ammonia (0.0008-0.03 ppm). According to the results parameters such as nitrate, nitrite and turbidity were found more than standard levels. Heavy metals: Ni and Pb relatively high observed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bandar-e-imam ; Mariculture ; Fisheries ; Species ; Epinephlus spp. ; Lutjanus spp. ; Lattes calcarifer ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Aspergillus niger ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Penicillium sp. ; Fusarium sp. ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Vibrio anguillarum ; Vibrio splendidus ; Vibrio vulnificus ; Plesiomonas shigelloides ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Aeromonas caviae ; Pseudomonas sp. ; Grouper ; Snapper ; Sea bass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 12
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    Quantity evaluation and identification of pathogenic bacteria in water pond and cultivated Cyprinid fish enrichment by natural (cow dong) and chemical fertilizer (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25570 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 11:30:10 | 25570 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this study was comparison the effect of cow dung as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on microbial flora, fish and human pathogenic bacteria and physico-chemical parameters of cyprinus fish pond water. The water samples were collected from two ponds, pond 1 was fertilized by cow dung and pond 2 was fertilized by chemical fertilizer, respectively from May to October 2011. . The aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were enumerated in TSA by serial dilution of the sample, followed by conventional pure plate method. Coliforms bacteria were similarly isolated on Chrom agarTM ECC. Moreover, the water samples were used to analysis of BOD, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency, total alkalinity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Temperature and pH were measured by thermometer and portable pH meter in place of ponds. For isolating of fish and human pathogenic bacteria, thirty six fish were collected from pond 1 from July to October and then sampled from their liver and kidney and inoculated in blood agar. The mean of total count of bacteria and total coliform count in cow dung sample were 4 × 104 ± 1200 and 4700 ± 300 CFUmL^-1 respectively. The mean of water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly higher than the water of pond 2. The water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly increased in August, but water total count of pond 2 was not shown significant variation from May to October. The results showed that Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 1 but just Pseudomonas and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 2. Moreover, the human pathogenic bacteria shuc as Shigella and Salmonella were not isolated from of water and fish samples from pond 1. In this study, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. The total hardness, total phosphorus, total dissolved solid and conductivity of the pond 1 water were significantly higher than the pond 2 water. But the BOD, dissolved oxygen and transparency of the pond 2 were significantly higher than the pond 1 water. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen, total alkalinity and pH between water of pond 1 and 2. In recent years, the chemical fertilizer has been used in cyprinus fish pond but many studies have showed that they were high risked as environmental pollution. Thus, the use of livestock manure especially cow dung could be a suitable alternative. The results showed the use of cow dung increased the bacterial population and diversity. Increasing of bacteria population caused increased total phosphorus that plays an important role in bloom of plankton because we found decreasing transparency and planktons are an important food for cyprinus fish. In despite of isolation of fish and human pathogenic bacteria from water, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. In summary, it seems the cow dung is a suitable alternative for fertilizing of cyprinus fish pond water if a microbial and physico-chemical monitoring of fish and pond water were continuously arranged.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Pathogenic ; Bacteria ; Cyprinid ; Cow dung ; Fertilizer ; Microbial flora ; Cyprinus fish ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Alkalinity ; Temperature ; pH ; Kidney ; Pseudomonas ; E.coli
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  • 13
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    A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis incidence in rainbow trout farms in Fars province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25633 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:59:44 | 25633 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Streptococcosis is an infectious bacterial disease that causes huge economic losses in cold water aquaculture industry. Disease outbreak was experienced in some of provinces farms in recent years. Fars Province, has produced 7,000 tons of cold-water fish. According to Streptococcosis report in 1381 from the province and Proceedings have been performed during 10 years against disease and also economic losses impact of disease on rainbow trout production, risk assessment of Streptococcosis conducted on the plan. In this study, of 586 sick fish (have symptoms) studied 230 fish (39.24%) Streptococcus and (26.62%) gram negative bacteria were isolated. Of 754 healthy grower fish and fry (with no clinical signs) 10 fish or fry (1.32%)infected with streptococcus and 60 fish or fry(7.95%) infected with gram negative bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri, Pseudomonas, entrobacteriaceae). According to biochemical tests and molecular examinations, isolated Streptococcuus iniae and Streptococcus sp. Furthermore some physical and chemical parameters measured and aerobic bacteria of selected farm water counted. These factors effects on disease incidence and changes were evaluated by applying logistic regression.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Fars province ; Streptococcosis ; Risk factors ; Rainbow trout ; Survey ; Diseases ; Fry ; Clinical signs ; Bacteria ; Yersinia ruckeri ; Pseudomonas ; Entrobacteriaceae
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  • 14
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    The use of lactic acid bacteria metabolites (nisin and organic acids) for the shelf life extension of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their effect on dominant bacteria in inoculation study (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25650 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:41:46 | 25650 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Nisin is a natural antimicrobial and has inhibitory effect on the pathogens and spoilage organisms. The efficiency of nisin reduced after reaction with food compounds. There is the hypothesis that combination of nisin with organic salt increases the shelf life of fish. The purpose of this study was mainly to evaluate the effects of nisin (0.15 %) and sodium acetate ( 1% ) individually and in combination on shelf life of fillets and whole trout ( without viscera). then, the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum type E were evaluated in different time at 40C. Physical and chemical parameters including: pH, Peroxide Value (PV), Tiobarbithoric Acid (TBA) and Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) and bacterial factors such as Total Viable Count (TVC), Pscycrothophic Count (PTC) and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were examined. These parameters were done at intervals of 4 days for 16 days. Results showed that chemical and bacterial factors of whole trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (without viscera) have been more favorable than the fillets . It also showed that the peroxide value, the thiobarbituric acid, volatile nitrogen bases, and pH in combination of sodium acetate and nisin Z treatments were exposed to significantly compared to control treatments (no preservatives) (P〈0.05). Treatments with sodium acetate and nisin Z (individual) were exist after combination treatment. Hence it can be concluded that the maximum shelf life of in preservative treatments was 16 days, but control treatment was 12 days in some cases and in some cases 16 days. Effects of treatments on Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum in the control treatment showed the highest growth was observed in both species (log 8) but in single and combined treatment of bacterial growth slower , but is still the trend the 16th day of so Listeria and Clostridium log 5 to log 6, respectively. Vegetative cells of Clostridium were more sensitive in compare to Listeria. When using preservatives (chemical or biological) in fish tissue, parameters such as the type of preservative, used method, pH, proteolytic enzymes, and the incidence of resistant strains and so on influence of antimicrobial agents used. The overall conclusion of the study was shelf life of whole trout (without viscera) was more than fillets, combination of nisin and sodium acetate were better than other treatment and finally higher doses of bilogival preservatives are need to for achieve to significant reduction of pathogenic bacteria.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Nisin Z ; Sodium acetate ; Rainbow trout ; Listeria ; Monocytogenes ; Clostridium botulinum ; Lactic Acid ; Bacteria ; Organic acids ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Pathogen
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25648 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:22:08 | 25648 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delberuki, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus) and TSB (Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples. Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then. The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
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  • 16
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    Monitoring of fresh water fish farms in north of khouzestan province for mortality emphasis on silver carp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25647 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:31:58 | 25647 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Carp fishes culture is one of the most important subsector fisheries industry in Khouzestan province. Every year in summer high mortality occurred in carp fishes farms specially in silver carp of north Khouzestan province. Inspection of silver carp for identification microorganisms agents (Bacteria, Fungi, Parasite and virus: SVC,KHV), determine total plate count, examination physic chemical factors of farms water, histopathology, identification planktons, the main objectives of this study, which was held in 2012. 180 silver carp from 5 farms (10 ponds) with high mortality in years ago were collected in north Khouzestan province and then differents parts of fish body including: intestine, gills, body surface, eyes and liver were examined. Physico chemical parameters and plankton sampled monthly. Physico chemical parameters of water were measured all over culture period for 960 times as follows: Do(4.45-8.5 ppm), BOD5(1.1-9.25 ppm), temp(19-33c), pH(6.82-8.6), total hardness(348-10053), turbidity(5-56 FTU), Amonia(0.001- 0.06 ppm) and co2( 0.88-13.2). From a total 180 fish examined, 136 (75%) showed unknown algae infestation and 126 (70%) showed parasitic (Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and metacercaria Diplostomum). The results of biotic parameters in farms showed that cyanophycae (Cylindropermopsis, Merismopedia and Nitzeshia) were the most group of phytoplanktons. Histopathological studies have shown necrosis in tobules kidney, degeneration hepatocyte and hyperplasia in gill cells and also results demonstrated the mean of total plate count (0-376 CFU/ml103). 60 samples with sighn severe hemorrhagic on surface body were collected for virology studies by PCR procedure (IQ2000 kit) and have shown which 3 sample suspected to KHV but SVC was not identified.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Silver Carp ; Water physic chemical factor ; Microorganisms ; Histopathology ; Fresh water ; Mortality ; Fisheries ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Virus ; Planktons ; Dactylogyrus ; Gyrodactylus ; Cyanophycae ; Cylindropermopsis ; Nitzeshia ; PCR
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  • 17
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    Monitoring, isolation and identification of bacterial and parasitic agents in specific pathogen free shrimp production (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25685 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 03:04:59 | 25685 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquaculture is the fastest growing food industry in the world. Shrimp culture industry is also part of it, unfortunately, like other marine animal culture economic losses caused by the disease has been one of the major challenges of this industry. The major cause of mortality in shrimp hatcheries and rearing centers is related to water quality and the presence of pathogenic bacteria and parasites. These are common opportunistic microorganisms in the hatchery, rearing centers, flora and living food but poor conditions of culture are caused diseases. Since the development of aquaculture in the countries need health management, one of the important additional rings in the shrimp strategic plan is specific pathogen free shrimp production, which has been addressed in this plan. Specific pathogen free shrimp define as the shrimps which are free of the specific pathogens listed in world organization for animal health (OIE). These factors should be conclusively diagnosed and can be isolated from shrimp hatcheries and culture system. Therefore in this project screening and surveillance of shrimp in several generations according to the list of OIE were done and they were monitored for of bacterial pathogens (Necrosis Hepatopancreas Bacteria) and parasites (Microsporidian and Gregarines). At total 756 pieces of shrimp, 6 sample of dry food and 97 samples of live foods were controlled and tested. 1.35 percent of live foods were positive for NHPB and 5.6 percent of pre broodstocks have epicommensal and microsporidia which were disposed in quarantine phase. Because of biosecurity and surveillance system establishment, there were no bacterial or parasitic isolation or diagnosis during SPF shrimp production.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; SPF ; Bacteria ; Parasite ; Aquaculture
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    Monitoring infectious agents in L.vannamei farms in choebdeh-Abadan (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25262 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:28:07 | 25262 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The introduction of L. vannamei to Iran from Hawaii was initiated when high mortality occurred in shrimp farms of Abadan in 2002 than in Bushehr during summer of 2004. Inspection of L. vannamei for infectious agents (Bacteria , virus , fungi and parasite ) , determine total plate count and total vibrio in Bahmanshir Rivers, shrimps and farms water , examination physicochemical factors of farms water , Identification of carriers of wssv in wild shrimp and crabs , the main objectives of this study , which was held in 2007 . 540 shrimp samples (pl12 pl15) and subadults were collected from different shrimp farms in khouzestan province and then check for identity bacteria, fungi and parasite. Also 280 samples of L. vannamei , wild shrimps ( Metapenaeus af inis , Exopalaemon styliferus ) and crabs (Grapsus sp .and Sesarma sp. ) were Collected from Bahmanshir river for virology studies by PCR procedure (Iq2000 kit WSSV , IHHNV , TSV ) . 120 samples of L. vannamei for histopathology had been collected randomly and preserved in Davidson’s fixation and then transferred to 75% ethyl alcohol for storage. (Hepatopancreas gills). Physicochemical parameters of water in culture ponds comprising of pH DO, BOD, NO_3, NO_2, salinity. Total. Hardness and NH3 were measured all over culture period for 340 times. Finally it has been detected 10 genus and species of bacteria consisting of V . alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. proteolyticus , plesiomonas shigelloides ; 6 genus and species of fungi specially Aspergilus niger , Asp.fumigatus and Asp.flavus and two genus of parasites vorticella sp. And Zoothamnium sp. were isolated. Crab (Sesarma sp.) were tested by using Iq2000 diagnostic kit for WSSV that positive for WSSV. There was a positive result (three viruses TSV, IHHNV and WSSV) for postlarvae and subadults of L.vannamei by using Iq2000 kit and IFRO kit (Internal kit). Histopathological studies have shown inclusion bodies of TSV, WSSV, IHHNV, MBV and HPV in various tissues. Results demonstrated the mean of vibrio count (0. 01×103 - 1.96 ×103) and tolal plate count (0 .21 ×103 - 14.25 ×10 3). physicochemical parameters of water were measured as follows : salinity (12.3 22.5 ppt ).BOD5 ( 1.98 10.21 ppm ) , DO (3.17 11.25 ppm ) , NH3(0.02 3.45 ppm ) and temperature (20 31. 5 c) . Keywords: L.vannamei, bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite Histo pathology - physicochemical parameters of water- Abadan khouzestan province.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Abadan ; Choebdeh ; Bahmanshir River ; L.Vannamei ; Bacteria ; Virus ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Histopathology ; Physicochemical parameters of water ; Mortality ; Shrimp ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Exopalaemon styliferus ; Grapsus sp. ; Sesarma sp. ; Aspergilus niger ; Asp. Fumigatus ; Asp. Flavus ; Temperature
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  • 19
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    The comprehensive study of possibility ecological control Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea activity: The study and recognization parasitic fauna and Bacterial flore in ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi and Bereo ovata) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25134 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:35:47 | 25134 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Bacterial flora and parasitic fauna of M. leidyi an exotic invader jelly fish to Caspian Sea ecosystem and B. ovata to Black sea an alternative biological control agent was studied. During summer 1382 to spring 1383, using routine Bacteriological work. 72 sample of sea water Caspian Sea obtained from depth 20 and 50 meters, 36 sample of M. leidyi from depth 20 meters, 10 sample of B. ovata and 3 sample of sea water (Black sea) were collected and according to Bacteriological was studied. 216 sample of M. leidyi from depth 10 to 50 meters of Caspian Sea and 47 sample of B. ovata from Black and Marmarreh Sea (Turkey) were collected and was studied. In this study no parasite from was identified in M. leidyi (Caspian sea) but 64 percentage and 73 percentage of B. ovata (Marmarreh and Black sea respectively) contaminated to Trichodina ctenophore at varians concentration B. ovata of Black sea (130 min 1050 max) and B. ovata Marmarre sea (420 min 2100 max). While B. ovata kept at high salinity of 21 ppt was more contaminated with this pretrichial protozoan (Trichodina) than in low salinity (12/5 ppt). in comparision of bacterial flore in two cetenophore (M. leidyi and B. ovata) was observed that some of bacteria such as micrococcus sp, Aeromonas sp. Bacillus coagulans in both ctenophore and some other bacteria such as Agromobacterium and chromobacterium only observed in B. ovata but other researcher have reported fram Caspin sea and some of bacteria to specific Shewanella , Vibrio harveiy and bacillus linens was observed in B. ovata . Of course specific bacteria cannot transfer to Caspian Sea (different of salinity black sea (2/1%) to Caspian Sea (1/25 %)). Therefore if B. ovata to introduce to south Caspian Sea for biological control population M. leidyi. it is necessary at first some of viral pathogen in aquatic animal (fish) such as VNN, IPN,IHN,VHS,SVC was studied and then with confidence 95% non-infestation B. ovata to viruses and pass from bath anti parasite and anti-bacterial must be introduce to south Caspian sea.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Health ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Black sea ; Parasite ; Bacteria ; Beroe ovata ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Agromobacterium ; Chromobacterium
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  • 20
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    A feasibility study on the application development of farming aquatic plants in the country (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25572 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 12:04:26 | 25572 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In recent years, according to increase in consumption of fish in the world, however, due to the lack of control of many common diseases with disease-causing pathogens, the total world production of fish has decreased. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most preferred species in aquaculture of Iran. Development of an economical artificial to accelerate the growth and to maintain the health status of this fish is of major importance for sustainable rainbow trout culture. Fish diseases are a serious threat to economic viability of any aquaculture practice. Currently, the commercial aquaculture industry prefers to reduce the costs of production. Because the cost of antibiotics used for prevention and treatment of diseases, and excessive use of growth hormones for improving growth performance is very high. However, the development of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, accumulation of residue in cultured fish and environmental problems associated with the use of chemicals have led to investigate on suitable methods of disease management. Therefore, a new approach to immunotherapy is actively used to prevent or treat fish diseases, increased disease resistance, feed efficiency and growth performance of fish in a sustainable aquaculture industry. In this regard, extensive research has been carried out to test the new compounds led to the development of the aquaculture industry. It has been proved that use of medicinal herbs in fish diet enhance the immune system against infections with various bacteria, especially, Aeromonas hydrophila in different species of fish, which is of the major bacterial pathogens, leading to heavy mortality rate and decrease the productivity efficiency, causing high economic loss of the fish farmers. The present project “the use of development medicinal plants in Aquaculture” with 4 separate sections reveled their results as follows: Part one: In this study, Origanum vulgare, Aloe vera extracts and placebo (70 % lactose, 10 % starch and 20 % talc) were used at a rate of 1% and levamisole at a rate of 0.1% of weight feed at a rate 2% of body weight.In conclusion, dried Origanum Vulgare and Aloe vera extracts at a rate of 1% of weight feed increased specific and non-specific immune systems in rainbow trout (13 and 2 gram) in identical weeks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). Therefore, these extracts can use to enhance immune system in aquaculture industry. Part two: In this study, some non-specific immune responses, hematology and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout juveniles (16 gr mean weight) and their resistance to Streptococcus iniae were evaluated following oral administration of Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extract. Three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 gr/kg of feed) of Echinacea purpurea and three concentrations (2, 3 and 5 gr/kg of feed) of Astragalus sp extract and control group were used for 60 days. Parameters evaluated included: levels of C4, C3 (complement components), free oxygen radicals (respiratory burst), Lysozyme, numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. In the end, the relative survival rate (RSR) of fish was evaluated against S. iniae. The results showed that the levels of C3, lysozyme, oxygen free radicals, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the experiment groups (the highest dose) compared to control group were increased significantly (p 〈0/05). While, the values of C4 and number of monocytes compared to the control group were not significantly different (p〉 0.05). The relative survival rates of fish following challenge with Streptococcus iniae, were 91/11, 93/33 and 44/44 percent in experiments (Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp.) and control groups, respectively. In conclusion, it may be state that Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extracts enhance the non-specific immune system and fish resistance against Streptococcusis, and it seems it can be used as immunostimulant in feed. Part three: Today, regarding the development of sturgeon rearing and importance of the aquatic health, it is necessary to apply natural material to combat pathogenic factors. Therefore, using medicinal plants is an excellent alternative instead of chemical material to control pathogenic factors. As, protozoan ectoparasites are one of the most important factors which have threatened sturgeon life, so this study carried out to determine lethal concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) that the efficiency and the effective dose of theses extracts determined for controlling protozoan parasite naming Trichodina. Then, considering the results of the mentioned experiments, the study conducted on effective concentrations (EC50) of these extracts to combat Trichodina protozoan parasite. In this study the concentration of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments was 200 to 600 mg/L. Therefore, it was determined for the first time that Zataria multiflora extract can be effective to combat Trichodina. The EC50 of Zataria multiflora extract for 1h bath is 437.62mg/L. Moreover, the concentration of garlic hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments set at 50 to 400 mg/L and the EC50 of garlic extract is 172.58 mg/L for 1h. In experiments of EC50, the differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) showed no significant difference in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in different treatments (P〉0.05). But there is significant difference in numbers of eosinophils in different treatments (P〈0.05). During the experiments of EC50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, no abnormal behavior observed in Persian sturgeon fingerlings which indicates that these extracts have not created stressful and irritable conditions. The final effective time for these extracts to completely eradicate Trichodina by garlic hydroalchoholic extract is less than 3h in 172.58 mg/L (EC50). But, for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract, it is less than 5h in 437.62 mg/L. The results showed that in all treatments of garlic hydroalchoholic extract, Trichodina eradicated completely from gill and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings during 9h. This time for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract is 12h. The results of this study showed that garlic and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts with EC50 of 172.58 and 437.62mg/L, have categorized in low toxicity materials which are suitable to be replaced with chemical materials. This investigation showed that the therapeutic index of garlic hydroalchoholic extract is 73.15 that found to be more than Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract (22.69). So, regarding this index, garlic hydroalchoholic extract is more healthful. Considering the results of this study which indicates the health of these herbal extracts, applying medicinal herbs can be emphasized as a suitable material to be replaced with chemical ones. Part four: In order to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora on Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)took the kids to the isolation and identification of bacteria , the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts to determine the lethal concentrations of hydroalchoholic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)children , and also to evaluate the efficacy and determine the effective doses of the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila extracts of in vitro and in vivo were measured . Due to the absence of the Aeromonas hydrophila identification by molecular country in the study of bacteria isolated from sturgeon disease is suspected after detection by screening DNA extraction and molecular By toward action and results by NSBI Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and Authentication Code NSBI was recorded in Gen Bank JX987090 . Based on studies done in vitro (in vitro) in this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria by extracts of garlic and thyme and arrange 1 mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by the extracts, respectively , and 2mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml. Study on the pictures taken out from sections of gill, liver and kidny of Persian sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser persicus) showed that in different doses of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts the teretment grups were examined and some microscopic damages observed. They are hyperemia, adhesion in the gill filaments, cell necrosis, melanin pigments in gill primary filaments, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, liver necrosis, hyperemia and increase in melanin pigments and melano macrophage centers in liver, glomerular changes such as congestion and blocked the dilation of Bowman's space, bleeding, cell necrosis, cloudy swelling of the in kidney.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Acipenser persicus ; Control group ; Bacteria ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Garlic ; Medicinal plants ; Allium sativum ; Zataria multiflora ; Fingerlings ; Persian sturgeon ; Origanum vulgare ; Aloe vera ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Feasibility ; Aquatic plants
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  • 21
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    Pathogen monitoring in indoor systems of tilapia aquaculture in Bafq, Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25663 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:32:27 | 25663 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In recent years, aquatic diseases have damaged aquaculture industry in different areas of the world. Although tilapias are known as resistant fish against different pathogens, but there are some reports about infectious diseases of tilapia. Tilapia aquaculture in Iran is in the beginning stage. So, planning for hygiene observations and preventing of disease prevalence must be considered. Tilapia hatchery and indoor systems of National Research Center of Saline water Aquatics were monitored for infectious disease from October 2012 to February 2014. Unusual locomotion/feeding or uncommon signs in the shape or body surface of cultured tilapias, fries and eggs or exceed mortalities were mentioned for bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral pathogens. Infectious agents in this study were bacteria Streptococcus and Edwardsiella, the fungi Penicillium and Aspergillus and parasitic monogeneans Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus. No viral agent was diagnosed. Although recorded pathogens were rarely observed during the study but much attention must be paid for hygiene monitoring and instruction performance.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafq ; Tilapia ; Aquaculture ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Virus ; Streptococcus ; Edwardsiella ; Penicillium ; Aspergillus ; Gyrodactylus ; Dactylogyrus
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  • 22
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    Molecular identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens in certain disease-free shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25746 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 06:11:23 | 25746 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: At present, the aquaculture industry to provide proper instructions in the field of health management, including production of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp (SPF), require sensitive and reliable methods for the detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms. Molecular methods which used in the detection of microorganisms have a high discriminatory power in the taxonomy and in relation to libraries in the world. On the other hand, the accurate identification of microorganisms, providing the genetic data bank of shrimp pathogens and maintenance of these strains is the step to promote further research on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of pathogens, diagnosis, treatment, prevention of disease, identify indigenous production kits, diagnosis re emerging and emerging diseases and their origin. Therefore, in this project, by using ribotyping technique, native isolated pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified and recorded in the gene bank database center. During sampling of shrimp and water of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp center, 40 bacterial strains were isolated, which 8 of them had the most frequency and identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Bacteria identified are: Vibrio nigripulchritudo strain IS013(GenBank:KP843725), Vibrio brasiliensis strain IS014 (GenBank:KR186076), Vibrio rotiferianus strain IS015 (GenBank:KR186077), Vibrio azureus strain IS012 (GenBank:KJ018724.1), Vibrio owensii strain IS016 (GenBank:KR186078), Agarivorans gilvus strain IS017 (GenBank:KR186079), Vibrio brasiliensis IS018 (GenBank:KR186080) and Vibrio alginolyticus strain IS019 (GenBank:1817854), which were recorded in The World Bank genes. In this study fungal isolates were not detected.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Ribotyping ; 16S rDNA ; Shrimp ; Specific pathogen free ; Vibrio rotiferianus ; Vibrio owensii ; Vibrio brasiliensis ; Vibrio azureus ; Agarivorans gilvus ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; GenBank
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  • 23
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    Development gene data bank of cultured shrimp species and their indigenous pathogens in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25747 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 07:20:06 | 25747 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Protection authorities of plant and animal genetic resources and conservation of biodiversity as national assets by using biotechnology techniques is the most important objectives of genetic data information bank. Establishment of shrimp species genetic data bank, makes possibility of study multiple genes such as economic genes and since knowledge of genetic variation within and among populations and barcoding species of shrimp are very important for species conservation and with so little researches of Asia in the global studies of DNA barcoding and animal taxonomy in Iran, In this study, Iran shrimp genetic diversity and genetic data bank was done. DNA barcode is a short, standard well known sequence of cytochrome oxidase І gene. By using this DNA sequence can be realized that each animal, plant or fungus belongs to which species. Also prepare a bank of genetic data shrimp pathogens and maintenance of these strains are steps to advance future researches in the fields of pathogenesis mechanism of pathogens, diagnosis, treatment, Disease prevention, production diagnosis native kits and detection of emerging and reemerging diseases its origins. So in this plan samples were collected from imported cultured shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and and 6 Persian Gulf and Oman Sea shrimp species which classified based on traditional systematically as: Penaeus semisulcatus, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapenaeopsis Stylifera and Fenneropenaeus indicus. After examination of DNA barcode sequence, molecular and bioinformatics operations of each sequence in the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), phylogenetic analysis of each sample was determined and similarity of each sample with NCBI and CBOL database was checked and the closest species to each sample were specified. According to the results different samples of L. vannamei, . banded P.semisulcatus, F. merguiensis and F. indicus have more than 97% similarity to the same species of other countries. non banded P.semisulcatus had 80.07% similarity to banded P.semisulcatus, M. affinis samples had 90.3% similarity to Metapenaeus ensis and Parap. Stylifera had 93.44% similarity to Parapenaeopsis coromandelica in the CBOL. This funding confirmed the need for further investigation and possible announcement of new species. By using ribotyping technique, native isolated pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified and recorded in the gene bank database center. During sampling of shrimp and water of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp center, 40 bacterial strains were isolated, which 8 of them had the most frequency and identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Bacteria identified are: Vibrio nigripulchritudo strain IS013(GenBank:KP843725) ،Vibrio brasiliensis strain IS014 (GenBank:KR186076) ،Vibrio rotiferianus strain IS015 (GenBank:KR186077) ،Vibrio azureus strain IS012 (GenBank:KJ018724.1) ،Vibrio owensii strain IS016 (GenBank:KR186078) ،Agarivorans gilvus strain IS017 (GenBank:KR186079) ،Vibrio brasiliensis IS018 (GenBank:KR186080) and Vibrio alginolyticus strain IS019 (GenBank:1817854), which were recorded in The World Bank genes. In this study fungal isolates were not detected.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Bacteria ; Ribotyping ; 16S rDNA ; Shrimp ; DNA barcode ; GenBank ; Vibrio nigripulchritudo ; Vibrio rotiferianus ; Vibrio owensii ; Vibrio brasiliensis ; Vibrio azureus ; Agarivorans gilvus ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Parapenaeopsis coromandelica ; Metapenaeus ensis ; Litopenaeus vannamei
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Feed quality control of aquatic in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25476 | 18721 | 2018-10-02 11:04:34 | 25476 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Nutrient and chemical composition, TVN, bacteria, yeast, mold and carcass performance, of aquatic feeds which make in this province were determined. In order to above investigation three commercial aquatic steam pelleted feeds samples for stage of growth and fattening were taken randomly from farm and aquatic factory product. In first trail feed sampled were analyzed for dry matter, crud protein, ether extract, ash, phosphorous, TVN, bacteria, yeast and mold computation. In second trial the experiment was carried out in complete random in design with four treatments and three replicate in each for effect of samples diets on feed consumption (FC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), which were examined in Juveniles rainbow trout. This experiment were conducted on 3600 Juveniles rainbow trout with initial average weight of 80 gr, for 130 days after antiseptic processes in a pool of one fish producer in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The feed were given 3 times a day on biomass basis of pounds. During the experiment, once every two weeks, after anaesthetize, weights of 30 fishes in each pound were measuring. The results showed, diet crud protein were significantly differ (P〈0.05) between many of feeds. In addition nutrient of diets were differ a little when compare with rainbow trout requirement. Crud protein, phosphorous and EE in starter, grower and finisher of diets were lower than rainbow trout requirement and differ was significant (P〈0.05). The index of TVN that shows free nitrogen, were higher than standard in all samples. Bacteria, yeast and mold computation in different of feeds showed that main of total count, yeast and mold in diets of various stage for growth of rainbow trout were different with standards and the differ were higher significantly (P〈0.05). The number of coliforms of diets was lower than that suggestion for rainbow trout diets.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province ; Feed quality ; Chemical composition ; Coliform count ; Fattening performance ; Rainbow trout ; Aquatic ; Nutrient ; Bacteria ; Growth ; Samples ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Study of indicator bacteria and ovary of nematode at the surface water, underwater and sewage in the basin of Mangol dam (Mazandaran province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25529 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:51:43 | 25529 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Indicator of bacteria such total coliforms and fecal coliforms are one of the most important environmental factors that effect on water quality. Haraz river is one of three rivers in north of country and it originate from central Alborz. Overall, discharge of unborn sewage, agriculture pesticides, seasonal raining was caused decreasing of quality of the river. Therefore, quality and quantity of the grandwater, surface water and sewage in different zone of this river such Mangol dam is necessary. In this study, total coliforms and fecal coliforms and nematode ovary in 13 stations of Haraz including Sorkhrood, Klodeh, Amol Esar Town, Helomsar, Mangol dam, Karesang, Jalav bridge, Norroud, Tehran 115, Larijan, Abeask, Lasem, Lar (pleur) were surveyed. ECC Chrome agar was used for counting and isolation of coliforms groups and nematode ovary counting was done as formal – ether sedimentation method. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total coliforms in surface water was observed in Sorkhrood (9.4 CFU/100ml) and Lasem (4.2CFU/100ml) and also maximum and minimum of fecal coliforms in Sorkhrood (3/2 CFU / ml) and Lasem (1/1CFU/100ml) respectively. Maximum and minimum of these bacteria in ground water were Abeask (4 CFU /100ml) and Helomsar (9/1 CFU/100ml) (for total coliforms) and Abeask (7/1 CFU/100ml) and Helomsar, Klodeh and Larijan (2/1 CFU/100ml) (for fecal coliforms) respectively. Maximum and minimum of total and fecal coliforms in sewage were Norroud (1/3 CFU/100ml) and Amole Esar Town (2/2 CFU/100ml) (for total coliforms) and Norroud (6/1 CFU/100ml) and Amole Esar Town and Tehran 115 (2/1 CFU/100ml) (for fecal coliforms) respectively. Ovary of Nematode in sewage was 30 and 124 in Norroud and Amole Esar Town respectively. The conclusion of this study was showed that quality of Haraz is low level and not proper for drinking and swimming.
    Keywords: Health ; Iran ; Mazandaran province ; Haraz River ; Mangal Dam ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Sewage ; Coliforms ; Nematodes ; Bacteria ; Agriculture ; Sedimentation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 48
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    Actinomycetes and actinophage in fresh water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5161 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:51 | 5161 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Actinomycetes are a group of micro-organisms which lie, in classification, half-way between the fungi and the bacteria. They may be isolated from the plating of leaf washings, water samples and mud dilutions on to nutrient agar (with incorporated actidione to eliminate fungi). The predominant genus varied with the source of the sample. An attempt was also made to isolate the phages of some Actinomycetes. A search was made in the typical environments of the host, for the virus. In this way actinophage were also isolated; and shown to be capable of being transmitted from one host strain to another host strain within 1 sp or from one host to another within 1 genus; i.e. polyvalent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Microbiological culture ; Viruses ; Actinomycetes ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Nitrates - loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5208 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:34 | 5208 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This project investigated the production of nitrate (nitrification) by bacteria in lakes. The work was undertaken as nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle and previous estimates of rates of nitrification were unreliable. When different methods were used to estimate rates of nitrification within sediment deposits different results were obtained. Investigation' of specific aspects of these methodologies has allowed some rationalization of these observations and also enabled comparisons of previously published data which, beforehand, was not possible. However, it was not clear which methods gave the most reliable rate estimates. Calculation of a nitrate budget for Grasmere lake indicated that the use of methods which involved the mixing of surface sediments (and therefore disrupted preformed nutrient gradients) overestimated the rate of nitrification. The study concludes that slight changes in the method used to prepare sediment slurries can result in large changes, in the measured nitrifying activity. This makes comparisons between studies, using different methods, extremely difficult. Methods to study sediment nitrification processes which do not disrupt preformed substrate gradients within the sediment provide the most reliable rate estimates.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Nitrification ; Freshwater lakes ; Sediment samples ; Slurries ; Seasonal variations ; Methodology ; England ; Grasmere Lake
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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    Decomposition in lake sediments: bacterial action and interaction (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5239 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:13:47 | 5239 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: This review discusses the processes involved in the decomposition of organic carbon derived initially from structural components of algae and other primary producers. It describes how groups of bacteria interact in time and space in a eutrophic lake. The relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic processes are discussed. The bulk of decomposition occurs within the sediment. The role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and the iron cycle, and in sulphate reduction and methanogenesis as the terminal metabolism of organic carbon are described.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Anaerobic bacteria ; Bacteria ; Biodegradation ; Carbon cycle ; Eutrophic lakes ; Fresh water ; Geochemical cycle ; Iron ; Manganese ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen cycle ; Organic carbon ; Oxygen consumption ; Partical size ; Sedimentation ; Sulphates ; Sulphur ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    The health significance of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5319 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:39 | 5319 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Tap water is not sterile; it contains organisms which grow in water distribution systems or inside taps and their fittings. The absence of known pathogenic bacteria is assured by the absence of the indicator organisms but concerns have been raised in the past few years that drinking water fulfilling the standards laid down in the EC Directive ECC 80/778 may still cause disease. These concerns have arisen from several sources: the fact that a cause has been identified in only half of all suspected waterborne outbreaks of disease; reports have suggested that heterotrophic bacteria possessing single pathogenic mechanisms such as haemolysin may cause disease; reports of heterotrophic organisms causing water contact diseases in hospitals. These concerns led to a reappraisal of the pathogenic potential of heteretrophic bacteria, by carrying out an extensive literature search and review commissioned by the UK Water Research Company. This research identified many papers showing an association between drinking water and heterotrophic bacteria but only very few reports of suspected waterborne disease associated with the heterotrophs. The organisms demonstrating potential to cause disease were species of Aeromonas and Yersinia, but typing of organisms identified in patients and isolated from the water revealed very few similarities. The potential of Aeromonas and Yersinia to cause waterborne disease is thought to be very low and the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre database of laboratory infections due to these two genera of organisms was analysed to produce population-related incidences for each health region in England and Wales. Additionally a laboratory questionnaire revealed different levels of ascertainment of these two organisms in different laboratories of the Public Health Laboratory Service.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Health ; Limnology ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Water pollution treatment ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Heterotrophic organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Bacteria in freshwaters (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5114 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:21:32 | 5114 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article looking at the numerical distribution of bacteria in lakes, the types most commonly present and the nitrogen-cycle, in Lake Windermere. The methodology is explained, including the sampling frequency and depths, and bacteria culturing techniques. Water bodies other than Lake Windermere were also sampled and these are detailed, including a water reservoir. A summary of the work into horizontal of bacteria is given, including a table showing the number of bacteria per millilitre at different distances from inflow into Windermere. A summary of the work into vertical distribution is also given, including two figures, one showing seasonal variation during 1938-9 in numbers of bacteria at different depths in Winderemere, and the other showing the relationship between the numbers of bacteria at 10 metres depth in Windermere and the rainfull during the previous 7 days. A summary of the types of bacteria found, as well as work on the nitrogen cycle in Esthwaite Water, Lake Windermere and Blelham Tarn are given.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nitrogen cycle ; Bacteria ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Seasonal variations ; Water column ; Water reservoirs ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 51-57
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    Variation in bacterial populations in time and space (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5168 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:43 | 5168 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Obtaining a reliable estimate of the bacterial population is one of the main problems facing the bacterial ecologist. The author discusses the various methods available and concludes that the observed variability in bacterial populations depends on the sampling interval used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Bacteria ; Biomass ; Population characteristics ; Population number ; Annual report
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    Growth rates of bacteria in rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5184 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:22 | 5184 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Three different methods for determining bacterial growth rate in rivers are described. Two of the methods are for bacteria in suspension: a recirculating experimental channel method and a radioactive tracer technique using super(35)SO sub(4). The third method is for bacteria attached to surfaces and specifically considers the surface of the common duckweed Lemna minor).
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Bacteria ; Growth ; Nannoplankton ; Rivers ; Lemna minor ; England ; Dorset ; River Frome ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
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  • 33
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    Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Description: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Description: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 34
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    Development gene data bank of cultured shrimp species and their indigenous pathogens in Iran (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Protection authorities of plant and animal genetic resources and conservation of biodiversity as national assets by using biotechnology techniques is the most important objectives of genetic data information bank. Establishment of shrimp species genetic data bank, makes possibility of study multiple genes such as economic genes and since knowledge of genetic variation within and among populations and barcoding species of shrimp are very important for species conservation and with so little researches of Asia in the global studies of DNA barcoding and animal taxonomy in Iran, In this study, Iran shrimp genetic diversity and genetic data bank was done. DNA barcode is a short, standard well known sequence of cytochrome oxidase І gene. By using this DNA sequence can be realized that each animal, plant or fungus belongs to which species. Also prepare a bank of genetic data shrimp pathogens and maintenance of these strains are steps to advance future researches in the fields of pathogenesis mechanism of pathogens, diagnosis, treatment, Disease prevention, production diagnosis native kits and detection of emerging and reemerging diseases its origins. So in this plan samples were collected from imported cultured shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and and 6 Persian Gulf and Oman Sea shrimp species which classified based on traditional systematically as: Penaeus semisulcatus, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapenaeopsis Stylifera and Fenneropenaeus indicus. After examination of DNA barcode sequence, molecular and bioinformatics operations of each sequence in the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), phylogenetic analysis of each sample was determined and similarity of each sample with NCBI and CBOL database was checked and the closest species to each sample were specified. According to the results different samples of L. vannamei, . banded P.semisulcatus, F. merguiensis and F. indicus have more than 97% similarity to the same species of other countries. non banded P.semisulcatus had 80.07% similarity to banded P.semisulcatus, M. affinis samples had 90.3% similarity to Metapenaeus ensis and Parap. Stylifera had 93.44% similarity to Parapenaeopsis coromandelica in the CBOL. This funding confirmed the need for further investigation and possible announcement of new species. By using ribotyping technique, native isolated pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified and recorded in the gene bank database center. During sampling of shrimp and water of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp center, 40 bacterial strains were isolated, which 8 of them had the most frequency and identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Bacteria identified are: Vibrio nigripulchritudo strain IS013(GenBank:KP843725) ،Vibrio brasiliensis strain IS014 (GenBank:KR186076) ،Vibrio rotiferianus strain IS015 (GenBank:KR186077) ،Vibrio azureus strain IS012 (GenBank:KJ018724.1) ،Vibrio owensii strain IS016 (GenBank:KR186078) ،Agarivorans gilvus strain IS017 (GenBank:KR186079) ،Vibrio brasiliensis IS018 (GenBank:KR186080) and Vibrio alginolyticus strain IS019 (GenBank:1817854), which were recorded in The World Bank genes. In this study fungal isolates were not detected.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Ribotyping ; 16S rDNA ; Shrimp ; DNA barcode ; GenBank ; Vibrio nigripulchritudo ; Vibrio rotiferianus ; Vibrio owensii ; Vibrio brasiliensis ; Vibrio azureus ; Agarivorans gilvus ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Parapenaeopsis coromandelica ; Metapenaeus ensis ; Litopenaeus vannamei
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 114pp.
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase , protamex , pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio) , silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) , grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I ). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS ( Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus delberuki , Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus thermophilus ) and TSB ( Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples . Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat ) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then . The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 92pp.
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    Assessment of different methods of water treatment on decreasing pathogenic bacteria in shrimp hatcheries (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The project of "Assessment of different methods of water treatment on decreasing pathogenic bacteria in shrimp hatcheries" achieved by mean of reviewing the effectiveness of various methods on the water treatment to reduce bacterial load of sea water. The project performed in Bandargah region of Bushehr province in order to checking the effect of different methods on the sea water and bacterial population. This project has been done over a year. In this study a total of 138 samples was collected during seven times and was evaluated as well as 7 treatments. In this study, the comparison of the effect of each factors (sand filter, chlorine, ultra violet ray, chlorine combined with ultra violet ray) was analyzed on the sea water by means of disinfection. During this study, other environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity was measured till we can ensure that they don’t have any negative impact on the treatments. Results showed that the density of total bacteria in sea water (Control) was averagely 5187 CFU/ml, this was done while the total density of bacteria in the sea water, reservation pool sample, sand filter water, water that irradiated with ultraviolet rays, chlorinated water and the water that was influenced by both chlorine and ultra violet ray was respectively 5187 2137, 4449 2042, 2782 1335, 1164 692, 143 104, 87 76 CFU/ml. Therefore, reservation pool, sand filter, ultra violet ray, chlorine, chlorine-ultra violet ray each of them was reduce respectively 14, 46, 77, 97, 98 percent of the density of total bacteria or in other words they reduced 0.06, 0.27, 0.65, 1.56, 1.77 log of the total population of bacteria in water. Moreover, the results from the total count of vibrios showed that reservation pool, sand filter, ultra violet ray, chlorine, chlorine-ultra violet ray each of them was reduce respectively 17, 47, 74, 98, 99 percent of the density of total vibrios or in other words they reduced respectively 0.08, 0.27, 0.59, 1.66, and 1.95 log of the total population of vibrios in sea water. Also the bacteria that isolated from each treatment were identified with the use of biochemical methods that totally were includes a wide range of bacteria, the identified vibrios were: Vibrio alginolyticus, V. costicola, V. fischeri, V. fluvialis I, V. fluvialis II, V. harveyi, V. natriegens, V. nigripulchritudo, V. parahaemolyticus, V. plagius I, V. vulnificus, V. anguilarum I, V. campbellii, V. nereis, V. proteolyticus, V. splendidus, and Unknown V. spp. Other identified bacteria belonging to the following genus: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Borkholderia, Eschricia, Enteroacter, Flavobacterium, Micococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Staphaphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Unknown Bacteria spp. By comparing the results, we concluded that the best result was related to treatment that the sea water had been disinfected after the combined effects of chlorine and ultraviolet ray. It was determined that this process in compared with other treatments, had been reduced the total number of bacteria, the total number of Vibrios, the number of sucrose fermentative vibrios, and the number of non-sucrose fermentative vibrios respectively 98, 99, 98, 99 percent. In other words, the number of bacteria was reduced respectively 1.77, 1.94, 1.82, 2.23 log. So in this study, the applied method was introduced as the most effective way of disinfecting sea water. Meanwhile, none of pathogenic bacteria for shrimp including Vibrio harveyi was isolated by using this treatment. Comparing the results showed that the combined effects of chlorine and ultraviolet radiation is the most effective applied method for disinfecting sea water.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Shrimp ; Water treatment ; Sea water ; Bacteria ; Hatchery ; Assessment ; Population ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Salinity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 84pp.
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    Molecular identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens in certain disease-free shrimp (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: At present, the aquaculture industry to provide proper instructions in the field of health management, including production of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp (SPF), require sensitive and reliable methods for the detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms. Molecular methods which used in the detection of microorganisms have a high discriminatory power in the taxonomy and in relation to libraries in the world. On the other hand, the accurate identification of microorganisms, providing the genetic data bank of shrimp pathogens and maintenance of these strains is the step to promote further research on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of pathogens, diagnosis, treatment, prevention of disease, identify indigenous production kits, diagnosis re emerging and emerging diseases and their origin. Therefore, in this project, by using ribotyping technique, native isolated pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified and recorded in the gene bank database center. During sampling of shrimp and water of Specific Pathogen Free shrimp center, 40 bacterial strains were isolated, which 8 of them had the most frequency and identification based on 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Bacteria identified are: Vibrio nigripulchritudo strain IS013(GenBank:KP843725), Vibrio brasiliensis strain IS014 (GenBank:KR186076), Vibrio rotiferianus strain IS015 (GenBank:KR186077), Vibrio azureus strain IS012 (GenBank:KJ018724.1), Vibrio owensii strain IS016 (GenBank:KR186078), Agarivorans gilvus strain IS017 (GenBank:KR186079), Vibrio brasiliensis IS018 (GenBank:KR186080) and Vibrio alginolyticus strain IS019 (GenBank:1817854), which were recorded in The World Bank genes. In this study fungal isolates were not detected.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Fungi ; Ribotyping ; 16S rDNA ; Shrimp ; Specific pathogen free ; Vibrio rotiferianus ; Vibrio owensii ; Vibrio brasiliensis ; Vibrio azureus ; Agarivorans gilvus ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; GenBank
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 64pp.
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    Bacteria effects (probiotics) on growth and survival rate and resistance of shrimp during propagation stages (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This project investigates bacteria effects as probiotics on growth and survival rate and resistance of shrimp during propagation stages. Bacterial flora were extracted from seawater , water of cultured farms , shrimp cultured and sludge from private propagation farms different bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus(serotype1-4) Vibrio splendidus I , Vibrio fluvialis ,Vibrio anguillarum ,Vibrio costicul, Vibrio vulnificus,Vibrio nereis,Vibrio camplbelli,Vibrio natriegens,Vibrio proteolyticus, Vibrio plegius ,Vibrio fischeri,Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas schuberti,Aeromonas salmonisida, Aeromonas veronii , Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas chloraphis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus case, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus delbrukii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus leichmanii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici were isolated , identified and lyophilized.These bacteria in different experiments were used on shrimp life cycle stages and live food such as Chaetoceros , Skeletonema and Tetraselmis algae. Some serotypes of one bacterial species showed various reactions in media and experiment probiotics. Vibrio alginolyticus(serotype1) with 107 cells/ml can increase Tetraselmis sp production during 6 days to 71% compared to the control experiment without bacteria. Also Vibrio alginolyticus(serotype4) with 105 cells/ml can increase Tetraselmis spp production during 6 days to 389% more than control. Vibrio splendidus could increase 23% shrimp fork length in postlarvae 3 compared control. Vibrio alginolyticus+ Vibrio fischeri can increase survival , fork lenght and body weight of green tiger shrimp postlarvae significantly(P〈.05).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Shrimp ; Algae ; Probiotic ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Vibrio splendidus ; Vibrio fluvialis ; Vibrio anguillarum ; Vibrio costicul ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Resistance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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    A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis incidence in rainbow trout farms in Fars province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Streptococcosis is an infectious bacterial disease that causes huge economic losses in cold water aquaculture industry. Disease outbreak was experienced in some of provinces farms in recent years. Fars Province, has produced 7,000 tons of cold-water fish. According to Streptococcosis report in 1381 from the province and Proceedings have been performed during 10 years against disease and also economic losses impact of disease on rainbow trout production, risk assessment of Streptococcosis conducted on the plan. In this study, of 586 sick fish (have symptoms) studied 230 fish (39.24%) Streptococcus and (26.62%) gram negative bacteria were isolated. Of 754 healthy grower fish and fry (with no clinical signs) 10 fish or fry (1.32%)infected with streptococcus and 60 fish or fry(7.95%) infected with gram negative bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri , Pseudomonas , entrobacteriaceae).According to biochemical tests and molecular examinations , isolated Streptococcus identified as Lactococcus garvieae , Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus sp. Furthermore some physical and chemical parameters measured and aerobic bacteria of selected farm water counted. These factors effects on disease incidence and changes were evaluated by applying logistic regression.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Streptococcosis ; Risk factors ; Rainbow trout ; Survey ; Diseases ; Fry ; Clinical signs ; Bacteria ; Yersinia ruckeri ; Pseudomonas ; Entrobacteriaceae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 58pp.
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  • 40
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    The comprehensive study of possibility ecological control Mnemiopsis leidyi in Caspian Sea activity : The study and recognization parasitic fauna and Bacterial flore in ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi and Bereo ovata) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Bacterial flora and parasitic fauna of M. leidyi an exotic invader jelly fish to Caspian sea ecosystem and B. ovata to Black sea an alternative biological control agent was studied. During summer 1382 to spring 1383, using routine Bacteriological work. 72 sample of sea water Caspian sea obtained from depth 20 and 50 meters, 36 sample of M. leidyi from depth 20 meters , 10 sample of B. ovata and 3 sample of sea water (Black sea ) were collected and according to Bacteriological was studied. 216 sample of M. leidyi from depth 10 to 50 meters of Caspian sea and 47 sample of B. ovata from Black and Marmarreh sea (turkey) were collected and was studied. In this study no parasite from was identified in M. leidyi (Caspian sea) but 64 percentage and 73 percentage of B. ovata (Marmarreh and Black sea respectively) contaminated to Trichodina ctenophore at varians concentration B. ovata of Black sea (130 min 1050 max) and B. ovata Marmarre sea (420 min 2100 max). while B. ovata kept at high salinity of 21 ppt was more contaminated with this pretrichial protozoan(Trichodina) than in low salinity (12/5 ppt). in comparision of bacterial flore in two cetenophore (M. leidyi and B. ovata) was observed that some of bacteria such as micrococcus sp, Aeromonas sp. Bacillus coagulans in both ctenophore and some other bacteria such as Agromobacterium and chromobacterium only observed in B. ovata but other researcher have reported fram Caspin sea and some of bacteria to specific Shewanella , Vibrio harveiy and bacillus linens was observed in B. ovata . of course specific bacteria can not transfer to Caspian sea (different of salinity black sea (2/1%) to Caspian sea (1/25 %)). Therefore if B. ovata to introduce to south Caspian sea for biological control population M. leidyi. it is necessary at first some of viral pathogen in aquatic animal (fish) such as VNN, IPN,IHN,VHS,SVC was studied and then with confidence 95% non infestation B. ovata to viruses and pass from bath anti parasite and anti bacterial must be introduce to south Caspian sea.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Parasite ; Bacteria ; Beroe ovata ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Agromobacterium ; Chromobacterium
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 41
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    A feasibility study on the application Development of farming aquatic plants in the country (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In recent years, according to increase in consumption of fish in the world, however, due to the lack of control of many common diseases with disease-causing pathogens, the total world production of fish has decreased. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most preferred species in aquaculture of Iran. Development of an economical artificial to accelerate the growth and to maintain the health status of this fish is of major importance for sustainable rainbow trout culture. Fish diseases are a serious threat to economic viability of any aquaculture practice. Currently, the commercial aquaculture industry prefers to reduce the costs of production. Because the cost of antibiotics used for prevention and treatment of diseases, and excessive use of growth hormones for improving growth performance is very high. However, the development of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, accumulation of residue in cultured fish and environmental problems associated with the use of chemicals have led to investigate on suitable methods of disease management. Therefore, a new approach to immunotherapy is actively used to prevent or treat fish diseases, increased disease resistance, feed efficiency and growth performance of fish in a sustainable aquaculture industry. In this regard, extensive research has been carried out to test the new compounds led to the development of the aquaculture industry. It has been proved that use of medicinal herbs in fish diet enhance the immune system against infections with various bacteria, especially, Aeromonas hydrophila in different species of fish, which is of the major bacterial pathogens, leading to heavy mortality rate and decrease the productivity efficiency, causing high economic loss of the fish farmers. The present project “the use of development medicinal plants in Aquaculture” with 4 separate sections reveled their results as follows: Part one: In this study, Origanum vulgare, Aloe vera extracts and placebo (70 % lactose, 10 % starch and 20 % talc) were used at a rate of 1% and levamisole at a rate of 0.1% of weight feed at a rate 2% of body weight.In conclusion, dried Origanum Vulgare and Aloe vera extracts at a rate of 1% of weight feed increased specific and non-specific immune systems in rainbow trout (13 and 2 gram) in identical weeks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). Therefore, these extracts can use to enhance immune system in aquaculture industry. Part two: In this study, some non-specific immune responses, hematology and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout juveniles (16 gr mean weight) and their resistance to Streptococcus iniae were evaluated following oral administration of Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extract. Three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 gr/kg of feed) of Echinacea purpurea and three concentrations (2, 3 and 5 gr/kg of feed) of Astragalus sp extract and control group were used for 60 days. Parameters evaluated included: levels of C4, C3 (complement components), free oxygen radicals (respiratory burst), Lysozyme, numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. In the end, the relative survival rate (RSR) of fish was evaluated against S. iniae. The results showed that the levels of C3, lysozyme, oxygen free radicals, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the experiment groups (the highest dose) compared to control group were increased significantly (p 〈0/05). While, the values of C4 and number of monocytes compared to the control group were not significantly different (p〉 0.05). The relative survival rates of fish following challenge with Streptococcus iniae, were 91/11, 93/33 and 44/44 percent in experiments (Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp.) and control groups, respectively. In conclusion, it may be state that Echinacea purpurea and Astragalus sp. extracts enhance the non-specific immune system and fish resistance against Streptococcusis, and it seems it can be used as immunostimulant in feed. Part three: Today, regarding the development of sturgeon rearing and importance of the aquatic health, it is necessary to apply natural material to combat pathogenic factors. Therefore, using medicinal plants is an excellent alternative instead of chemical material to control pathogenic factors. As, protozoan ectoparasites are one of the most important factors which have threatened sturgeon life, so this study carried out to determine lethal concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on fingerlings of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) that the efficiency and the effective dose of theses extracts determined for controlling protozoan parasite naming Trichodina. Then, considering the results of the mentioned experiments, the study conducted on effective concentrations (EC50) of these extracts to combat Trichodina protozoan parasite. In this study the concentration of Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments was 200 to 600 mg/L. Therefore, it was determined for the first time that Zataria multiflora extract can be effective to combat Trichodina. The EC50 of Zataria multiflora extract for 1h bath is 437.62mg/L. Moreover, the concentration of garlic hydroalchoholic extract for final experiments set at 50 to 400 mg/L and the EC50 of garlic extract is 172.58 mg/L for 1h. In experiments of EC50, the differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) showed no significant difference in numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in different treatments (P〉0.05). But there is significant difference in numbers of eosinophils in different treatments (P〈0.05). During the experiments of EC50 for garlic and Zataria multiflora extracts, no abnormal behavior observed in Persian sturgeon fingerlings which indicates that these extracts have not created stressful and irritable conditions. The final effective time for these extracts to completely eradicate Trichodina by garlic hydroalchoholic extract is less than 3h in 172.58 mg/L (EC50). But, for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract, it is less than 5h in 437.62 mg/L. The results showed that in all treatments of garlic hydroalchoholic extract, Trichodina eradicated completely from gill and skin of Persian sturgeon fingerlings during 9h. This time for Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract is 12h. The results of this study showed that garlic and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts with EC50 of 172.58 and 437.62mg/L, have categorized in low toxicity materials which are suitable to be replaced with chemical materials. This investigation showed that the therapeutic index of garlic hydroalchoholic extract is 73.15 that found to be more than Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extract (22.69). So, regarding this index, garlic hydroalchoholic extract is more healthful. Considering the results of this study which indicates the health of these herbal extracts, applying medicinal herbs can be emphasized as a suitable material to be replaced with chemical ones. Part four: In order to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora on Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)took the kids to the isolation and identification of bacteria , the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts to determine the lethal concentrations of hydroalchoholic extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts on Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)children , and also to evaluate the efficacy and determine the effective doses of the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila extracts of in vitro and in vivo were measured . Due to the absence of the Aeromonas hydrophila identification by molecular country in the study of bacteria isolated from sturgeon disease is suspected after detection by screening DNA extraction and molecular By toward action and results by NSBI Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and Authentication Code NSBI was recorded in Gen Bank JX987090 . Based on studies done in vitro (in vitro) in this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria by extracts of garlic and thyme and arrange 1 mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila by the extracts, respectively , and 2mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml. Study on the pictures taken out from sections of gill, liver and kidny of Persian sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser persicus) showed that in different doses of garlic (Allium sativum) and Zataria multiflora hydroalchoholic extracts the teretment grups were examined and some microscopic damages observed. They are hyperemia, adhesion in the gill filaments, cell necrosis, melanin pigments in gill primary filaments, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, liver necrosis, hyperemia and increase in melanin pigments and melano macrophage centers in liver, glomerular changes such as congestion and blocked the dilation of Bowman's space , bleeding, cell necrosis , cloudy swelling of the in kidney.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Acipenser persicus ; Control group ; Bacteria ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Garlic ; Medicinal plants ; Allium sativum ; Zataria multiflora ; Fingerlings ; Persian sturgeon ; Origanum vulgare ; Aloe vera ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Feasibility ; Aquatic plants
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 358pp.
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    Quantity Evaluation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Water Pond and Cultivated Cyprinid Fish Enrichment by Natural(Cow dong) and Chemical fertilizer (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The aim of this study was comparison the effect of cow dung as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on microbial flora, fish and human pathogenic bacteria and physico-chemical parameters of cyprinus fish pond water. The water samples were collected from two ponds, pond 1 was fertilized by cow dung and pond 2 was fertilized by chemical fertilizer, respectively from May to October 2011. . The aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were enumerated in TSA by serial dilution of the sample, followed by conventional pure plate method. Coliforms bacteria were similarly isolated on Chrom agarTM ECC. Moreover, the water samples were used to analysis of BOD, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency, total alkalinity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Temperature and pH were measured by thermometer and portable pH meter in place of ponds. For isolating of fish and human pathogenic bacteria, thirty six fish were collected from pond 1 from July to October and then sampled from their liver and kidney and inoculated in blood agar. The mean of total count of bacteria and total coliform count in cow dung sample were 4 × 104 ± 1200 and 4700 ± 300 CFUmL-1 respectively. The mean of water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly higher than the water of pond 2. The water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly increased in August, but water total count of pond 2 was not shown significant variation from May to October. The results showed that Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 1 but just Pseudomonas and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 2. Moreover, the human pathogenic bacteria shuc as Shigella and Salmonella were not isolated from of water and fish samples from pond 1. In this study, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. The total hardness, total phosphorus, total dissolved solid and conductivity of the pond 1 water were significantly higher than the pond 2 water. But the BOD, dissolved oxygen and transparency of the pond 2 were significantly higher than the pond 1 water. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen, total alkalinity and pH between water of pond 1 and 2. In recent years, the chemical fertilizer has been used in cyprinus fish pond but many studies have showed that they were high risked as environmental pollution. Thus, the use of livestock manure especially cow dung could be a suitable alternative. The results showed the use of cow dung increased the bacterial population and diversity. Increasing of bacteria population caused increased total phosphorus that plays an important role in bloom of plankton because we found decreasing transparency and planktons are an important food for cyprinus fish. In despite of isolation of fish and human pathogenic bacteria from water, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. In summary, it seems the cow dung is a suitable alternative for fertilizing of cyprinus fish pond water if a microbial and physico-chemical monitoring of fish and pond water were continuously arranged.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chemical ; Physico-chemical ; Pathogenic ; Bacteria ; Cyprinid ; Cow dung ; Fertilizer ; Microbial flora ; Cyprinus fish ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Alkalinity ; Temperature ; pH ; Kidney ; Pseudomonas ; E.coli
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 47pp.
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    The use of Lactic Acid Bacteria metabolites (nisin and organic acids) for the shelf life extension of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their,s effect on dominant bacteria in inoculation study (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nisin is a natural antimicrobial and has inhibitory effect on the pathogens and spoilage organisms. The efficiency of nisin reduced after reaction with food compounds. There is the hypothesis that combination of nisin with organic salt increases the shelf life of fish. The purpose of this study was mainly to evaluate the effects of nisin (0.15 %) and sodium acetate ( 1% ) individually and in combination on shelf life of fillets and whole trout ( without viscera). then, the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum type E were evaluated in different time at 40C. Physical and chemical parameters including: pH, Peroxide Value (PV), Tiobarbithoric Acid (TBA) and Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) and bacterial factors such as Total Viable Count (TVC), Pscycrothophic Count (PTC) and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were examined. These parameters were done at intervals of 4 days for 16 days. Results showed that chemical and bacterial factors of whole trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ( (without viscera) have been more favorable than the fillets . It also showed that the peroxide value , the thiobarbituric acid, volatile nitrogen bases , and pH in combination of sodium acetate and nisin Z treatments were exposed to significantly compared to control treatments ( no preservatives ) (P〈0.05). Treatments with sodium acetate and nisin Z (individual ) were exist after combination treatment. Hence it can be concluded that the maximum shelf life of in preservative treatments was 16 days , but control treatment was 12 days in some cases and in some cases 16 days. Effects of treatments on Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum in the control treatment showed the highest growth was observed in both species ( log 8 ) but in single and combined treatment of bacterial growth slower , but is still the trend the 16th day of so Listeria and Clostridium log 5 to log 6 , respectively. Vegetative cells of Clostridium were more sensitive in compare to Listeria. When using preservatives (chemical or biological) in fish tissue, parameters such as the type of preservative, used method, pH, proteolytic enzymes, the incidence of resistant strains and so on influence of antimicrobial agents used. The overall conclusion of the study was shelf life of whole trout (without viscera) was more than fillets, combination of nisin and sodium acetate were better than other treatment and finally higher doses of bilogival preservatives are need to for achieve to significant reduction of pathogenic bacteria .
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Nisin Z ; Sodium acetate ; Rainbow trout ; Listeria ; Monocytogenes ; Clostridium botulinum ; Lactic Acid ; Bacteria ; Organic acids ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Pathogen
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 94pp.
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  • 44
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    Feed quality control of aquatic in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nutrient and chemical composition, TVN, bacteria, yeast, mold and carcass performance, of aquatic feeds which make in this province were determined. In order to above investigation three commercial aquatic steam pelleted feeds samples for stage of growth and fattening were taken randomly from farm and aquatic factory product. In first trail feed sampled were analyzed for dry matter, crud protein, ether extract, ash, phosphorous, TVN, bacteria, yeast and mold computation. In second trial the experiment was carried out in complete random in design with four treatments and three replicate in each for effect of samples diets on feed consumption (FC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), which were examined in Juveniles rainbow trout. This experiment were conducted on 3600 Juveniles rainbow trout with initial average weight of 80 gr, for 130 days after antiseptic processes in a pool of one fish producer in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The feed were given 3 times a day on biomass basis of pounds. During the experiment, once every two weeks, after anaesthetize, weights of 30 fishes in each pound were measuring. The results showed, diet crud protein were significantly differ (P〈0.05) between many of feeds. In addition nutrient of diets were differ a little when compare with rainbow trout requirement. Crud protein, phosphorous and EE in starter, grower and finisher of diets were lower than rainbow trout requirement and differ was significant (P〈0.05). The index of TVN that shows free nitrogen, were higher than standard in all samples. Bacteria, yeast and mold computation in different of feeds showed that main of total count, yeast and mold in diets of various stage for growth of rainbow trout were different with standards and the differ were higher significantly (P〈0.05). The number of coliforms of diets was lower than that suggestion for rainbow trout diets.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Feed quality ; Chemical composition ; Coliform count ; Fattening performance ; Rainbow trout ; Aquatic ; Nutrient ; Bacteria ; Growth ; Samples ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
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  • 45
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    Pathogen monitoring in indoor systems of tilapia aquaculture in Bafq, Iran (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In recent years, aquatic diseases have damaged aquaculture industry in different areas of the world. Although tilapias are known as resistant fish against different pathogens, but there are some reports about infectious diseases of tilapia. Tilapia aquaculture in Iran is in the beginning stage. So, planning for hygiene observations and preventing of disease prevalence must be considered. Tilapia hatchery and indoor systems of National Research Center of Saline water Aquatics were monitored for infectious disease from October 2012 to February 2014. Unusual locomotion/feeding or uncommon signs in the shape or body surface of cultured tilapias, fries and eggs or exceed mortalities were mentioned for bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral pathogens. Infectious agents in this study were bacteria Streptococcus and Edwardsiella, the fungi Penicillium and Aspergillus and parasitic monogeneans Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus. No viral agent was diagnosed. Although recorded pathogens were rarely observed during the study but much attention must be paid for hygiene monitoring and instruction performance.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Tilapia ; Aquaculture ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Virus ; Streptococcus ; Edwardsiella ; Penicillium ; Aspergillus ; Gyrodactylus ; Dactylogyrus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 76pp.
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  • 46
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    Monitoring, Isolation and identification bacterial and parasitic agents in specific pathogen free shrimp production (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Aquaculture is the fastest growing food industry in the world. Shrimp culture industry is also part of it, unfortunately, like other marine animal culture economic losses caused by the disease has been one of the major challenges of this industry. The major cause of mortality in shrimp hatcheries and rearing centers is related to water quality and the presence of pathogenic bacteria and parasites. These are common opportunistic microorganisms in the hatchery, rearing centers, flora and living food but poor conditions of culture are caused diseases. Since the development of aquaculture in the countries need health management, one of the important additional rings in the shrimp strategic plan is specific pathogen free shrimp production, which has been addressed in this plan. Specific pathogen free shrimp define as the shrimps which are free of the specific pathogens listed in world organization for animal health (OIE). These factors should be conclusively diagnosed and can be isolated from shrimp hatcheries and culture system. Therefore in this project screening and surveillance of shrimp in several generations according to the list of OIE were done and they were monitored for of bacterial pathogens (Necrosis Hepatopancreas Bacteria) and parasites (Microsporidian and Gregarins). At total 756 pieces of shrimp, 6 sample of dry food and 97 samples of live foods were controlled and tested. 1.35 percent of live foods were positive for NHPB and 5.6 percent of pre broodstocks have eppicommensal and microsporidia which were disposed in quarantine phase. Because of biosecurity and surveillance system establishment, there were no bacterial or parasitic isolation or diagnosis during SPF shrimp production.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei ; SPF ; Bacteria ; Parasite ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 60pp.
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  • 47
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    Study of indicator bacteria and ovary of nematode at the surface water, underwater and sewage in the basin of Mangol dam (Mazandaran province) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Indicator of bacteria such total coliforms and fecal coliforms are one of the most important environmental factors that effect on water quality. Haraz river is one of three rivers in north of country and it originate from central Alborz. Overall, discharge of unborn sewage, agriculture pesticides, seasonal raining was caused decreasing of quality of the river. Therefore, quality and quantity of the grandwater, surface water and sewage in different zone of this river such Mangol dam is necessary. In this study, total coliforms and fecal coliforms and nematode ovary in 13 stations of Haraz including Sorkhrood, Klodeh, Amol Esar Town, Helomsar, Mangol dam, Karesang, Jalav bridge, Norroud, Tehran 115, Larijan, Abeask, Lasem, Lar (pleur) were surveyed. ECC Chrome agar was used for counting and isolation of coliforms groups and nematode ovary counting was done as formal – ether sedimentation method. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total coliforms in surface water was observed in Sorkhrood (9.4 CFU/100ml) and Lasem (4.2CFU/100ml) and also maximum and minimum of fecal coliforms in Sorkhrood (3/2 CFU / ml) and Lasem (1/1CFU/100ml) respectively. Maximum and minimum of these bacteria in ground water were Abeask (4 CFU /100ml) and Helomsar (9/1 CFU/100ml) (for total coliforms) and Abeask (7/1 CFU/100ml) and Helomsar, Klodeh and Larijan (2/1 CFU/100ml) (for fecal coliforms) respectively. Maximum and minimum of total and fecal coliforms in sewage were Norroud (1/3 CFU/100ml) and Amole Esar Town (2/2 CFU/100ml) (for total coliforms) and Norroud (6/1 CFU/100ml) and Amole Esar Town and Tehran 115 (2/1 CFU/100ml) (for fecal coliforms) respectively. Ovary of Nematode in sewage was 30 and 124 in Norroud and Amole Esar Town respectively. The conclusion of this study was showed that quality of Haraz is low level and not proper for drinking and swimming.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Sewage ; Coliforms ; Nematodes ; Bacteria ; Agriculture ; Sedimentation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 48
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    A survey on health status of marine fish in Bandar-e-imam station (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mariculture is one of the most important sub sector fisheries industry in Asia-pacific region. There are over 40 marine fish species commonly cultured, such as groupers (Epinephlus spp.), snappers (Lutjanus spp.) and Asian sea bass (Lattes calcarifer). But this industry in Southeast Asia experienced serious disease problem since the late 1980s. Khouzestan province has a coastal line about 200 km with many Creek and suitable area for Mariculture. Marine fish culture in Khouzestan province in floating net cages was successfully initiated in Ghazaleh Creek following development of Epinephlus coioides artificial seed production in the 1372. This study has been conducted since 1384 to 1387 in Bandar-e-Imam station. The aim of this research project was to determine the health management status in cage and hatchery, identification of marine fish pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi and parasite), examination of heavy metal in cages sediment and test the physico chemical factors of water in cages and hatchery. Different parts of broodstocks body and fingerlings including intestine, gills and body surface were examined. In this study, 18 Genus and species of bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio splendidus, Vibrio vulnificus, Plesiomonas shigelloides , Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Pseudomonas sp. Were diagnosed. Also 7 Genus and species of fungi such as: Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus fumigatus , Penicillium sp. And Fusarium sp. Were isolated. In this survey following of disease appearance parasites such as ; protozoans Amyloodinium sp. And Trichodina sp. In E.coioides and Acanthopagrus latus and Sparidentex hasta , monogean such as Benedenia sp. In E.coioides and S. hasta, isopoda probably Nerocila sp. In nasal cavity of E.coioides and copepods such as: Caligus sp. And Lernanthropus sp. In A.latus and S.hasta were identified. In this study, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and parasites) isolated from three different marine fishes species, were reported for the first time in Iran. The range of the physico-chemical parameters of water in cages were: DO(5.42-10.24 ppm), BOD5 (1.51-10.24 ppm), No2(0.0197-0.89 ppm), No3(3.53-11.93 ppm), Po4(0.965-6.05 ppm), turbidity ( 4-58 NTU) and ammonia ( 0.0008-0.03 ppm). According to the results parameters such as nitrate, nitrite and turbidity were found more than standard levels. Heavy metals: Ni and Pb relatively high observed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mariculture ; Fisheries ; Species ; Epinephlus spp. ; Lutjanus spp. ; Lattes calcarifer ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Aspergillus niger ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Penicillium sp. ; Fusarium sp. ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Vibrio anguillarum ; Vibrio splendidus ; Vibrio vulnificus ; Plesiomonas shigelloides ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Aeromonas caviae ; Pseudomonas sp. ; Grouper ; Snapper ; Sea bass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 86pp.
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  • 49
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    Hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) in processing Artemia , Artemia urmiana (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Artemia is considered as live food which can produce cysts and biomass in million tons at hatchery centers or from natural resources. Artemia can be harvested using different variety of methods and has commercial value in aquaculture industry. The quality of produced products has great effect on trading of Artemia at the world. The aim of the present study was to study the hazardous factors in order to increase the quality of Artemia urmiana based on HACCP system. The survived factors were included; biological (bacteria, fungi, yeast, parasite), chemical (Aflatoxine, Organophosphorous, Organocholor, heavy metals, structure of fatty acid, hatchingpercentage), Physical (physical damages, breakdown percentage). The experimental treatments were planned based on two separate groups comprising of without HACCP and the second one, processed with HACCP system. The main hypothesis of current study was to identify the biological, chemical, andphysical hazardous factors of Artemia urmiana based on HACCP system in order toincrease the quality value of A. urmiana cysts. The amount of humidity, protein, lipid, total ash percentage and fatty acid structure in group one (without HACCP sys.) were 45, 28, 10, 18.5 % and in the second group (with HACCP) were 41, 32, 10, 18.2 %. The results of fatty acid profile for both groups indicated in tables 2, 3, 4, and 5. The results showed no significant outcome on quality value of A. urmiana cysts. The concentration of heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ca, and Cu) in cysts samples of group one was estimated to be 7.4, 0.04, 0.27, 0.98, 0.29, 0.02, 0.18 mg/kg ww. The amount of these elements in cysts samples of group two was 8, 0.03, 0.23, 0.81, 0.21, 0.02, 0.2 mg/kg ww. The results showed no significant outcome in the concentration of metals in group two. The amount of Alderin, Lindin, Alochlar Organophosphorous, and Aflatoxine in samples of group one was 1.25, 0.14, 0.08, and 9.8 ppb and in group two was 1.21, 0.12, 0.05, 8.9, and 0 ppb. There wasn't any significant result in samples, too. Infections of secondary bacteria, gram-positive bacillus and cocci, aspergillus, alternaria, candida were observed in cyst samples of group one. Hatching percentage and efficiency at harvesting time and after keeping for one year, decreased to 11±3 %in cysts samples of group one. It`s concluded that the processing of Artemia urmiana cysts using HACCP system will increase the quality of products and therefore prevent the transmission of secondary infections.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Critical ; Artemiana ; Artemia urmia ; Biomass ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Parasite ; Aflatoxine ; Organophosphorous ; Organocholor ; Heavy metals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 82pp.
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  • 50
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    Evaluation of effective agents with larvae production in Khouzestan province shrimp hatcheries (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Shrimp hatcheries around the world continue to be heavily dependent of wild brood stock. This is a common threat for shrimp hatcheries in major shrimp farming countries. This dependence is inherently unstable and potentially dangerous, as the number of wild shrimp stocks around the world are tested to be positive for variety of dangerous infections increases (such as viruses). As the shrimp aquaculture industry has developed, the number of farms relying on seed hatcheries has increased too. On the other hand hatcheries are adopting technology to control the reproductiove process and produce ganeration after generation of shrimp without totally relying of wild populations. At present. There are hatcheries in khouzestan province, Abadan region. Which only 6 of them are active with production of 20 Milion postlarvae each hatchery. (of course hatchery in Bandar- e- Imam was onl active in 1380). The aim of our research project is to determine, the hatchery management, the fungal. Bacteria and parasite flora of shrimp larvae, water supply, water physico chemical factors and suitable use of dose chemicals. This study has been conducted since Farvardin1380 to Aban 1381 in Abadan hatcheries and in 1380 in Bandar-e- Imam. In this study, 7 genus and species bacteria such as, V.alginolyticus, V. splendidus, V. vulnificus, staphylococcous and A. hydrophila were diagnosed. Also, 10 genus and species fungi, trichothesium, Aspergilus, A. niger, cladosporium, mucor, fosarium, penicelium, Rhizopus and yeast were isolated. Among the received larve, zoothaminum and vorticella protozoa wer observed in Abadan hatchery. Water physico chemical Factors was terlatively normal, but heavy metal highly observed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hatchery ; Parasite ; Bacteria ; Fungi flora ; Water Physico chemical factos ; Heavy metals ; Management farms ; Feed ; Drug ; Evaluation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 51
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    Monitoring of fresh water fish farms in north of khouzestan province for mortality emphasis on silver carp (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Carp fishes culture is one of the most important subsector fisheries industry in Khouzestan province. Every year in summer high mortality occurred in carp fishes farms specially in silver carp of north Khouzestan province. Inspection of silver carp for identification microorganisms agents (Bacteria, Fungi, Parasite and virus: SVC,KHV), determine total plate count, examination physic chemical factors of farms water, histopathology, identification planktons, the main objectives of this study, which was held in 2012. 180 silver carp from 5 farms (10 ponds) with high mortality in years ago were collected in north Khouzestan province and then differents parts of fish body including: intestine, gills, body surface, eyes and liver were examined. Physico chemical parameters and plankton sampled monthly. Physico chemical parameters of water were measured all over culture period for 960 times as follows: Do(4.45-8.5 ppm), BOD5(1.1-9.25 ppm), temp(19-33•c), pH(6.82-8.6), total hardness(348-10053), turbidity(5-56 FTU), Amonia(0.001- 0.06 ppm) and co2( 0.88-13.2). From a total 180 fish examined, 136 (75%) showed unknown algae infestation and 126 (70%) showed parasitic (Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and metacercaria Diplostomum). The results of biotic parameters in farms showed that cyanophycae (Cylindropermopsis, Merismopedia and Nitzeshia) were the most group of phytoplanktons. Histopathological studies have shown necrosis in tobules kidney, degeneration hepatocyte and hyperplasia in gill cells and also results demonstrated the mean of total plate count (0-376 CFU/ml103). 60 samples with sighn severe hemorrhagic on surface body were collected for virology studies by PCR procedure (IQ2000 kit) and have shown which 3 sample suspected to KHV but SVC was not identified.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Silver Carp ; Water physic chemical factor ; Microorganisms ; Histopathology ; Fresh water ; Mortality ; Fisheries ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Virus ; Planktons ; Dactylogyrus ; Gyrodactylus ; Cyanophycae ; Cylindropermopsis ; Nitzeshia ; PCR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 110pp.
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  • 52
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    Monitoring infectious agents in L.vannamei farms in choebdeh-Abadan (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The introduction of L. vannamei to Iran from Hawaii was initiated when high mortality occurred in shrimp farms of Abadan in 2002 then in Bushehr during summer of 2004. Inspection of L. vannamei for infectious agents (Bacteria , virus , fungi and parasite ) , determine total plate count and total vibrio in Bahmanshir Rivers, shrimps and farms water , examination physicochemical factors of farms water , Identification of carriers of wssv in wild shrimp and crabs , the main objectives of this study , which was held in 2007 . 540 shrimp samples (pl12 pl15) and subadults were collected from different shrimp farms in khouzestan province and then check for identity bacteria, fungi and parasite. Also 280 samples of L. vannamei , wild shrimps ( Metapenaeus af inis , Exopalaemon styliferus ) and crabs (Grapsus sp .and Sesarma sp. ) were Collected from Bahmanshir river for virology studies by PCR procedure (Iq2000 kit WSSV , IHHNV , TSV ) . 120 samples of L. vannamei for histopathology had been collected randomly and preserved in Davidson’s fixation and then transferred to 75% ethyl alcohol for storage. (Hepatopancreas gills). Physicochemical parameters of water in culture ponds comprising of pH DO, BOD, NO3, NO2, salinity. Total. Hardness and NH3 were measured all over culture period for 340 times. Finally it has been detected 10 genus and species of bacteria consisting of V . alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. proteolyticus , plesiomonas shigelloides ; 6 genus and species of fungi specially Aspergilus niger , Asp.fumigatus and Asp.flavus and two genus of parasites vorticella sp. And Zoothamnium sp. were isolated. Crab (Sesarma sp.) were tested by using Iq2000 diagnostic kit for WSSV that positive for WSSV. There was a positive result (three viruses TSV, IHHNV and WSSV) for postlarvae and subadults of L.vannamei by using Iq2000 kit and IFRO kit (Internal kit). Histopathological studies have shown inclusion bodies of TSV, WSSV, IHHNV, MBV and HPV in various tissues. Results demonstrated the mean of vibrio count (0. 01×103 - 1.96 ×103) and tolal plate count (0 .21 ×103 - 14.25 ×10 3). physicochemical parameters of water were measured as follows : salinity (12.3 22.5 ppt ).BOD5 ( 1.98 10.21 ppm ) , DO (3.17 11.25 ppm ) , NH3(0.02 3.45 ppm ) and temperature (20 31. 5 c) . Keywords: L.vannamei, bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite Histo pathology - physicochemical parameters of water- Abadan khouzestan province.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Virology ; Histopathology ; L.Vannamei ; Bacteria ; Virus ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Histopathology ; Physicochemical parameters of water ; Mortality ; Shrimp ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Exopalaemon styliferus ; Grapsus sp. ; Sesarma sp. ; Aspergilus niger ; Asp. Fumigatus ; Asp. Flavus ; Temperature
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 78pp.
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  • 53
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    Screening of pathogenic bacteria and SVCV (Spring viremia of carp virus) in propagated Cyprinidae spp and Sander lucioperca in Poldasht Shahid Kazemi warm water fish caltured center of West Azarbaijan - Iran (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Annually, More than 6 millions of cyprinid fish including Silver Carp( Hypophthalmichthys molotrix ) , Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ) , Grass carp( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) , Common carp( Cyprinus carpio)and Pike perch ( Stizostedion lucioperca) are produced in Poldasht Shahid Kazemi Propagation Center and released to water resources of West Azarbaijan to restocking purposes. Also, a large number of these fish are transported to the water sources and fish farms of the other parts of the country. Septicemia caused by motile Aeromonas species is considered as the famous disease in freshwater fish. It considered to cause of heavy losses in cyprinid farms of Iran in spring and summer, in recent years. On the other hand, Spring Viremia of Carp is considered as a sever pathogen of cyprinid fish in different parts of the world and has listed as notifiable diseases by OIE. This study was carried out to isolate and identify motile Aeromonas bacteria and SVCV in propagated cyprinid and lucioperca fish of Poldasht Shahid Kazemi Propagation Center. For this purpose, 40 fish of each species (totally 600 specimens), respectively with average weights of 500± 0.3 mg in incubation hall and 10±1 g in earthen ponds were sampled to determine bacterial infection. Samples from kidney, spleen, liver, blood, skin and gills were taken and cultured on BA, TSA, BHIA and NA and biochemical and differential tests were done. The bacteriological results represented the lowest percent of contamination with A.hydrophila in kidney and liver (1.5 ± 0.2%) at incubation stage and the highest (75.9±0.12%) during transferring to water resources. Also, Bacterial agents including Aeromonas sobria, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus,Staphylococcus, Aeromonas sp., Proteus mirabilis, P.aeruginosa, P.fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida were isolated and identified from sampled tissues. To isolate SVC virus with prevalence rate of 2%, 150 samples from 5 mentioned species were taken from kidney, spleen, gill and brain tissues (fish with 10±1 g weight and one year old fish) before transferring to the water resources. All samples were tested using RT-PCR for virological tests. The results showed the probability of SVC virus in one year old big head. Confirmation of the virus in accordance with international guidelines and the OIE requires additional testing and cell culture, the coordination of these tests with the National Veterinary Organization(IVOC) was carried out, which confirmed the failure to verify the results of definitive diagnostic tests .Finally The virus was not approved by the IVOC.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Cyprinid fish ; Stizostedion lucioperca ; SVC virus ; Pseudomonas putida ; Aeromonas sobria ; Escherichia coli ; Micrococcus,Staphylococcus ; Hypophthalmichthys molotrix ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Cyprinus carpio ; Stizostedion lucioperca
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 64pp.
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