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  • Chemistry  (34,770)
  • General Chemistry  (8,154)
  • BIOSCIENCES  (1,698)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION  (1,363)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (31,186)
  • 1920-1924
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Space and man (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of man's entry into space on changes in economics and technology, politics and law, science, philosophy, and art are considered. A single world economy, extracting from the natural resources of the moon and other cosmic bodies raw materials and energy, will avoid terrestrial limitations and improve society by eliminating the inequalities of economic and social status. However, a spacecraft for interplanetary travel require thermonuclear engines that achieve an escape velocity of 0.1 times the speed of light in order to allow an astronaut stellar expedition corresponding to the active life of a single generation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 128-134
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  • 2
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    Detection of life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The selection of spacecraft experiments and equipment to detect extraterrestrial life outside earth centers on observations of chemical compounds similar to amino acids and proteins, on signs of metabolism in the form of nutrient absorption, and life form impressions in fossiles or signs of civilization.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820; p 42-52
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  • 3
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    Space psychology (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Psychological selection of astronauts considers mental responses and adaptation to the following space flight stress factors: (1) confinement in a small space; (2) changes in three dimensional orientation; (3) effects of altered gravity and weightlessness; (4) decrease in afferent nerve pulses; (5) a sensation of novelty and danger; and (6) a sense of separation from earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 29-41
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  • 4
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    Life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biotechnological aspects of manned space flight are reviewed and the basic biological problems of training and sustaining man in interplanetary flights are elaborated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 17-28
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  • 5
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    Method of calculating gas dynamics and heat transfer in single stage refrigeration units (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A generalized mathematical model of gas-dynamic and heat transfer processes in single-stage regenerative installations operating in Stirling, MacMahon, Gifford-MacMahon, and pulsating tube cycles is proposed. A numerical method os solving initial equations on a digital computer is given. This makes it possible to calculate the change in the thermodynamic parameters in the working cycle in different machine components, as well as the dependence of cold productivity on the temperature level in the steady regime.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 124-138
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  • 6
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    Alterations in left ventricular volumes induced by Valsalva manoeuvre (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Five patients were studied with left ventriculography during different phases of the Valsalva manoeuvre. Small doses of contrast medium allowed adequate repetitive visualization of the left ventricle for volume calculation. During strain phase, the volume of the left ventricle decreased by nearly 50 per cent in each case, and stroke volume and cardiac output also dropped strikingly. Release of straining was attended by a sharp rebound of left ventricular volume to control levels, with a transient surge of increased cardiac output 42 per cent above that of the resting state.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; July 197
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  • 7
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    Nonequilibrium boundary layer at a stagnation point for a hydrogen-helium stream over ablating graphite (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The nonequilibrium axisymmetric stagnation point boundary layer over an ablating graphite surface is considered. The external stream is a high temperature mixture of hydrogen and helium. Variable thermodynamic and transport properties are assumed. Lennard-Jones potential model is used to calculate the transport coefficients of each species. Although the mixture rules for viscosity of the gas mixture are used, the weighting functions are more sophisticated than those commonly employed. For the conductivity of the mixture, generalized Wassiljewa coefficients are used. Seven species with 28 dissociation/recombination reactions are considered. Hansen's model for the dissociation rate constants is employed. The recombination rate constants are obtained by invoking detailed balance principles assisted by the JANAF thermodynamic data and the Hansen-Pearson thermodynamic data for C3.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Acta Astronautica; 1; Mar
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  • 8
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    Effect of wall temperature spatial variations on aerodynamic heating to an actively cooled aircraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of cooled skin panels, which requires consideration of many parameters such as heat load, skin thickness, panel size, tube spacing, tube size, temperature limits, coolant flow, etc., must minimize weight and thermal stresses. A design procedure for such panels has been developed by Bell Aerospace Company (Helenbrook and Anthony, 1971). This design procedure assumes a uniform heating rate to the panel, i.e., the variation of aerodynamic heating rate due to the cyclic wall temperature distribution, which results from the discrete coolant tube locations in such a panel, has been neglected. This study was made to determine if these variations were sufficiently large to cause variations in aerodynamic heating rate which would require coupling of boundary layer and conductive thermal analysis solutions.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Aug. 197
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  • 9
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    Apollo space crew cardiovascular evaluations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cardiovascular responses associated with pre- and postflight orthostatic tolerance evaluations of Apollo crewmen are presented with a brief historical survey and a discussion of their implications for future manned space flight. Heart rates were increased while systolic and pulse pressures were decreased during the immediate postflight orthostatic evaluation. A postflight elevation in resting heart rate was a less frequent finding.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 10
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    Recovery of medically important microorganisms from Apollo astronauts (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Microbiological samples were obtained from the crewmembers of the Apollo 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 spaceflights. These specimens were analyzed for the presence of medically important microorganisms with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Tricophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans being discussed in detail. Preflight isolation of crewmembers was found to coincide with a complete absence of inflight disease events and is recommended for future spaceflights. No autoinfection response (microbial shock) occurred after any of the reported spaceflights.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Aug. 197
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  • 11
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    Alteration of pituitary-adrenal dynamics induced by a water deprivation regimen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments are described which were designed to assess the degree of adaptation that occurs in rats chronically exposed to the stress of a water-deprivation regimen and to determine if that adaptation represents a normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There were no significant differences in mean corticosterone concentrations among control nondeprived rats 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the start of the experiment. The water-deprived rats, however, had significantly elevated plasma steroids 1 and 4 weeks after the onset of deprivation as compared to controls, but not after 8 weeks. Thus, there was a significant decrease in mean plasma corticosterone levels during water deprivation from 1 week to 8 weeks.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Physiology and Behavior; 12; 1974
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  • 12
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    Effects of simulated weightlessness on responses of untrained men to +Gz acceleration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This study documents bedrest-induced metabolic and physiologic changes in six untrained men exposed, following a two-week period of simulated weightlessness, to possible +Gz acceleration profiles anticipated for Space Shuttle vehicle travel. All subjects demonstrated decreased +Gz tolerance following simulated weightlessness. While only one of six subjects could not tolerate the +Gz profile in the control phase of the study, three of the six could not complete the postbed-rest study. The use of an inflated standard Air Force cutaway G-suit improved +Gz tolerance in all subjects, but two of six subjects still failed to complete the profile. These findings are discussed in reference to the selection of untrained humans for Space Shuttle vehicle travel.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; June 197
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  • 13
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    Finite-amplitude thermal convection in a spherical shell (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The properties of finite-amplitude thermal convection for a Boussinesq fluid contained in a spherical shell are investigated. All nonlinear terms are retained in the equations, and both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric solutions are studied. The velocity is expanded in terms of poloidal and toroidal vectors. Spherical surface harmonics resolve the horizontal structure of the flow, but finite differences are used in the vertical. With a few modifications, the transform method developed by Orszag (1970) is used to calculate the nonlinear terms, while Green's function techniques are applied to the poloidal equation and diffusion terms.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 63; May 15
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  • 14
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    On the propagation velocity of a detonation-shock combined wave (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A quasi-one-dimensional analysis and a generalized Chapman-Jouguet condition are developed for a gaseous free detonation in an inert environment. Two characteristic features derived from the results are that there exists a lower limit on the heat of combustion, the charge diameter, and the molecular weight of the ambient gas and that there are two propagation velocities for a parameter combination above a certain critical value. Therefore the detonation failure of a free gas column is a hydrodynamic rather than a chemical phenomenon.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik; 54; Mar. 197
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  • 15
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    Swept-slot film-cooling effectiveness in hypersonic turbulent flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurement results are presented for the surface equilibrium temperature downstream of swept slots, with sonic tangential air injection into a thick hypersonic turbulent boundary layer. These results are compared with unswept slot results for cooling effectiveness.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; May 1974
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  • 16
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    Mean flow development and surface heating for an attaching compressible free shear layer (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; May 1974
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  • 17
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    Determination of left ventricular size and shape (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Significant advances have occurred over the past 15 years in the ability to measure ventricular dimensions. Angiocardiography still remains the most reliable method for overall determination of chamber size and shape and serves as a standard for calibration or comparison for newer methods. Improvements in the use of radiographic methods over the next few years are anticipated with more extensive use of multiplane studies associated with repeated injections of improved contrast materials that produce fewer physiological effects or with substances that adhere to the endocardial surfaces. It is also anticipated that existing methods for automatically obtaining dimensional information from X rays will be continued and improved.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Circulation Research; 34; Jan. 197
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  • 18
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    Serotonin and pituitary-adrenal function (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation is conducted to evaluate the response of the pituitary-adrenal system to a stress stimulus in the rat. In the investigation brain serotonin synthesis was inhibited with p-chlorophenylalanine. In other tests the concentration of serotonin was enhanced with precursors such as tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan. On the basis of the results obtained in the study it is speculated that in some disease states there is a defect in serotonergic neuronal processes which impairs pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanisms.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 248; Mar. 29
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  • 19
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    Life span and fine structural changes in oxygen-poisoned drosophila melanogaster (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 20
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    Irregular bilayer structure in vesicles prepared from Halobacterium cutirubrum lipids (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Fluorescent probes were used to study the structure of the cell envelope of Halobacterium cutirubrum, and, in particular, to explore the effect of the heterogeneity of the lipids in this organism on the structure of the bilayers. The fluorescence polarization of perylene was followed in vesicles of unfractionated lipids and polar lipids as a function of temperature in 3.4 M solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and KSCN, and it was found that vesicles of unfractionated lipids were more perturbed by chaotropic agents than polar lipids. The dependence of the relaxation times of perylene on temperature was studied in cell envelopes and in vesicles prepared from polar lipids, unfractionated lipids, and mixtures of polar and neutral lipids.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 356; 1974
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  • 21
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    Evolution of the heat transfer and flow in moderately short turbulent boundary layers in severe pressure gradients (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer; 17; Sept
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  • 22
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    Human radiation tolerance (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The acute radiation syndrome in man is clinically bounded by death at high dose levels and by the prodromal syndrome of untoward physiological effects at minimal levels of clinically effective exposure. As in lower animals, man experiences principally three acute modes of death from radiation exposure (Bond et al., 1965). These are known collectively as the lethal radiation syndromes: central nervous system death, gastrointestinal death, and hematopoietic death. The effect of multiple exposure on lethality, the effect of multiple exposure on hematopoietic recovery, and quantitative aspects of cell and tissue repair are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 23
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    Ultrastructural response of rat lung to 90 days' exposure to oxygen at 450 mm Hg (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Young Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 mm Hg in constant environment capsules for 90 days. Lung tissue examined by electron microscopy revealed a number of changes, many similar to those observed after exposure to oxygen at 760 mm Hg for shorter periods of time. Alterations in vesicle size and number and in mitochondrial matrix and cristae appear in both the endothelial and epithelial cells. Blebbing and rarefication of cytoplasm occur in both cell layers of the alveolo-capillary wall. Also seen are fluid in the basement membrane, platelets in the capillaries, and alveolar fluid and debris. All of these alterations occur at 1 atm exposure. However, after exposure to 450 mm Hg the changes are not as widespread nor as destructive as they are at the higher pressure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Sept
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  • 24
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    Aerodynamic heat transfer to RSI tile surfaces and gap intersections (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the results of aerothermal heating tests of a simulated reusable surface insulation (RSI) tile array, performed on the sidewall of a Mach-10 hypersonic tunnel. In particular, the heating characteristics of the tile array, such as they result from heating inside the tile-expansion-space providing gaps between individual tiles, are investigated. The results include the finding that heating on the upstream face of a tile is strongly affected by the interacting longitudinal gap flow.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; June 197
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  • 25
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    Microbial detection method based on sensing molecular hydrogen (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach involving the measurement of hydrogen evolution by test organisms was used to detect and enumerate various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The experimental setup for measuring hydrogen evolution consisted of a test tube containing two electrodes plus broth and organisms. The test tube was kept in a water bath at a temperature of 35 C. It is pointed out that the hydrogen-sensing method, coupled with the pressure transducer technique reported by Wilkins (1974) could be used in various experiments in which gas production by microorganisms is being measured.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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  • 26
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    Treatment of the external epicondylitis of the humerus with a magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The therapeutic effect of a constant and varying magnetic field on epicondylitis of the humerus is studied on ninety patients. Good results are obtained from the treatment (recovery of 80%, considerable improvement in 14.5%). The method is recommended for clinical application.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 191-197
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  • 27
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    Effect of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood of patients with hypertension (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The data which have been obtained on the influence of magnetic bracelets on the coagulation and anticoagulation systems of the blood indicate that the wearing of magnetic bracelets results in a decrease in the coagulation activity of the blood and an increase in the activity of the anticoagulation system. These changes must be viewed as favorable for patients with cardiovascular pathology.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 167-190
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  • 28
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    Changes in the fibrinogen-fibrin system following a 20-hour exposure of rabbits to a magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Prolonged exposure of animals to a constant magnetic field resulted in a sharp increase in the amount of fibrinogen. The addition of EACA to the plasma of experimental rabbits as well as protamine sulfate caused an additional increase in the amount of fibrinogen. A 20-hour exposure was accompanied by phenomena of paralysis of the pelvic limbs and death of some of the animals.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 163-166
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  • 29
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    Influence of a constant magnetic field on the fibrinogen-fibrin system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effect of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the fibrinogen-fibrin system was studied in the organism of healthy rabbits with exposure times of 1 and 5 hours. The results obtained indicate disruptions in the stage of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and an increase in the amount of fibrinogen.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 157-161
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  • 30
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    Influence of a constant magnetic field on thrombocytes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In an experiment on white mice it was found that a constant electromagnetic field with strength of 250-275 oersteds is biologically active at an exposure of 55 minutes. Qualitative and morphological changes in thrombocytes 1-3 days following exposure reduced their numbers, prolonged blood coagulation time and increased the number of leucocytes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 141-147
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  • 31
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    The protective effect of a constant magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The protective effect of a constant magnetic field sharply reduced spontaneous lysis of E. coli cells when subjected to ultraviolet radiation. A protective effect of a CMF was found in a study of tissue cultures of normally growing cells (kidney epithelium) and cancer cells (cells from a cancer of the larynx). The protective effect of a CMF is also seen in a combined exposure of tissue cultures to X-rays and CMF energy (strength of the CMF was 2000 oersteds with a gradient of 500 oersteds/cm). The data obtained are of interest to experimental oncology (development of new methods of treating malignant tumors).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 148-156
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  • 32
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    Method of magnetobiological indication in clinical laboratory practice (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data are presented on the use of the method of magnetobiological indication for defining the immunobiological state of patients with very serious diseases. It has been found that the enzymes of a patient react more sensitively to the energy from a magnetic field. It is important that the magnetoreactivity of the enzymes, like the cell forms of the blood in the patients, have a certain relationship to the clinical-nosological forms and the dynamics of the illness of the subject.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 129-140
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  • 33
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    Influence of a constant and variable magnetic field on the coagulation of human blood in vitro and in vivo (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of constant and varying magnetic fields on the coagulation of the blood was studied in experiments performed in vitro and vivo. In the in vitro tests it was found that a constant magnetic field with a strength of 100 or 200 oersteds influences the coagulation of the blood, retarding it in some cases and speeding up the coagulation time in others. In the in vivo studies, both retarding and accelerating effects were likewise observed with respect to the coagulation of the blood, but the nature of the change was a function of the background. A normalizing effect of the magnetic field on the coagulation of the blood was observed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 124-128
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  • 34
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    Change in fibrinolytic activity under the influence of a constant magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The fibrinolytic activity of plasma changes under the influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 or 2500 oersteds. CMF shows a tendency toward normalization of fibrinolytic processes in the presence of pathological disturbances in fibrinolysis activation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 117-123
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  • 35
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    Change in blood coagulation indices as a function of the incubation period of plasma in a constant magnetic field (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field (CMF) with a strength of 250 and 2500 oersteds on the recalcification reaction and the tolerance of plasma to heparin was studied as a function of the exposure time of the plasma to the CMF. The maximum and reliable change in the activation of the coagulatory system of the blood was observed after a 20-hour incubation of the plasma in a CMF. As the exposure time increased, the recalcification reaction changed insigificantly; the difference between the mean arithmetic of the experiment and control values was not statistically reliable. The tolerance of the plasma to heparin as a function of the exposure time to the CMF of the plasma was considerably modified, an was statistically reliable.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 109-116
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    Repeated action of a constant magnetic field on the blood coagulation system in artificially produced anemia (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Changes are discussed in the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits under the influence of a constant magnetic field of an intensity of 2500 oersteds against the background of artificially induced anemia. Reversibility of the changes produced and the presence of the adaptational effect are noted. Taking all this into consideration, the changes involving the coagulatory system of the blood which arise under the influence of a constant magnetic field may be considered to have a nerve-reflex nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 97-108
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  • 37
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    The influence of a constant magnetic field on the coagulatory system of the blood in an experiment (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a constant magnetic field with a strength of 2500 oersteds on the coagulatory system of the blood in rabbits was studied; the animals were subjected to this field for one and five hours. The magnetic field acts on the coagulatory system of the blood after only one hour exposure. Repeated 5-hour exposures cause activation of the anticoagulatory system in the blood and causes distinctive effects on the subsequent changes in the coagulatory system of the blood. It is quite likely that in this instance the adaptational properties of the organism make themselves felt.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 82-96
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  • 38
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    Effect of a magnetic field of extremely low intensity on the coagulatory system of the blood (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of a magnetic field of 10,000 gamma on the conditions of the coagulatory system of rabbits was studied. The results from a number of experiments indicate that the action of a very weak magnetic field produces an increase in the coagulatory activity of the blood.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 73-81
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  • 39
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    Reactions of the nervous system to magnetic fields (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This magnetobiological survey considers sensory, nervous, stress and genetic effects of magnetic fields on man and animals. It is shown that the nervous system plays an important role in the reactions of the organism to magnetic fields; the final biological effect is a function of the strength of the magnetic fields, the gradient, direction of the lines of force, duration and location of the action, and the functional status of the organism.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 59-72
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  • 40
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    Results of comparison of the dynamics of the epidemic process with changes in the planetary index of magnetic disturbance (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Possible pathways for the action of factors related to solar activity and its magnetic effects on the epidemic process are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 31-38
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  • 41
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    Statistical evaluation of the significance of the influence of abrupt changes in solar activity on the dynamics of the epidemic process (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Statistical evaluations of the significance of the relationship of abrupt changes in solar activity and discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of an epidemic process are reported. They reliably (with probability of more than 99.9%) show the real nature of this relationship and its great specific weight (about half) in the formation of discontinuities in the multi-year pattern of the processes in question.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 49-58
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  • 42
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    The problem of the periodicity of the epidemic process (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis of data from epidemics makes it possible to determine their principal causes, governed by environmental factors (solar activity, etc.) The results of an analysis of the periodicity of the epidemic process in the case of diphtheria are presented which was conducted with the aid of autocorrelation and spectral methods of analysis. Numerical data (annual figures) are used on the dynamics of diphtheria in 50 regions (points) with a total duration of 2,777 years.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 39-48
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  • 43
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    The influence of weather on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis indices by month showed an increase in the activity of these processes from winter to summer (1967-1968). At all seasons of the year, fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis increase during weather of the cyclonic type with passage of fronts and sharp fluctuations in meteorological factors in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 24-30
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  • 44
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    Fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis on magnetically-active days (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On magnetically-active days, activation of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis is observed. The increase in fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis begins on the day of the onset of a magnetic storm, reaching a maximum in 24 hours. Activation is higher on days with magnetic storms with a sudden onset and a C index of 1.5-2.0.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 16-20
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  • 45
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    Influence of synoptic processes on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis in healthy persons (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that on days with frontal activity in the atmosphere the levels of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. The reactions of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis to the passage of warm and cold fronts varies with the season of the year.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 20-23
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  • 46
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    Influence of solar activity on fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: During periods of high solar activity fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis are increased. A direct correlative relationship is established between the indices of fibrinolysis, fibrinogenolysis and solar flares which were recorded two days before the blood was collected for analysis.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 12-15
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  • 47
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    Notes on the concept of normal values employed in clinical practice (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The question of the considerable variations in various blood parameters under the influence of changes in environmental factors is discussed. Recommendations are given that so-called normal values should be given special attention. Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity studies on the blood in healthy human beings revealed significant differences for individual months and even on specific days. Changes in the activity of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis show a correlation with changes in the meteorological conditions, seasonal variations and changes in solar activity.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 9-11
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  • 48
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    Heliobiology, its development, successes and tasks (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Heliobiology studies the influence of changes in solar activity on life. Considered are the influence of periodic solar activity on the development and growth of epidemics, mortality from various diseases, the functional activity of the nervous system, the development of psychic disturbances, the details of the development of microorganisms and many other phenomena in the living world.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Studies in Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys. (NASA-TT-F-15862); p 1-8
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  • 49
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    Nonlinear unsteady contact heat conduction of two-layer shells in the presence of thermal radiation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is proposed for calculating the complex heat transfer of mated shells with the surrounding medium which also takes into account the temperature dependence of the contact thermal resistance between the shells. This technique can be used for thermal calculations and for calculations of the temperature stresses in two-layer space structure shells.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 169-177
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  • 50
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    Radiative cooling of bodies of arbitrary shape and variable volume in vacuum (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of joint application of the Tolubinskii integral method and the perturbation method, the asymptotic unsteady temperature distribution is constructed for a region of arbitrary shape on the moving boundary of which there are located nonlinear heat sinks (sources), describing radiative cooling in a medium with zero temperature (in a vacuum).
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 160-168
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  • 51
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    Heat transfer with nucleate boiling of liquids under weak mass force field conditions (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The motion is examined of a vapor bubble growing and rising from a flat horizontal heater in the ideal fluid approximation and taking drag into account. Estimates are given of bubble lifetime, bubble radius at detachment, bubble detachment frequency, and time for the bubble to attain a constant rate of rise. The relations obtained for the microcharacteristics of the boiling process are used to determine the coefficients of heat transfer in developed nucleate boiling. A new form of the equations for describing heat transfer in nucleate boiling in dimensionless parameters is proposed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 131-159
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  • 52
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    Thermocapillary convection in weightless condition (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of studies on thermocapillary instability of a liquid in a spherical layer with free surface and convection in a rectangular channel with horizontal temperature gradient. It is shown that in vessels partly filled with a viscous incompressible fluid and under essentially weightless conditions free convection may arise due to the surface tension temperature dependence.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 121-130
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  • 53
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    Transient cooling of solid bodies of classical form by radiation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approximate analytic method is presented for analysis of the unsteady process of radiative cooling of solid bodies of classical form. The nonlinear heat transfer problem is solved by the cascade linearization technique with use of the iteration method. Comparison of the results obtained even in the first approximation with the available numerical solutions indicates adequate engineering accuracy of the proposed technique.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 113-120
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  • 54
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    Thermal regime and temperature stresses in bodies during thermoradiational heating (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An approach is developed to the application of the perturbation method for the solution of problems with essential external nonlinearities, based on identification in the boundary condition of a small nonlinear complex which is considered a perturbing function. The solutions obtained in the first approximation with error of 1 to 2% in calculating the unsteady temperature fields are then used to determine the temperature stresses and deformations in solid bodies of classical form.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 88-98
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  • 55
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    Rhythmic variation in heart rate and respiration rate during space flight - Apollo 15 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: As part of the operational biomedical monitoring for Apollo manned missions, ECG and respiration rate are telemetered at selected intervals to mission control. The data were collected as part of this monitoring program. These data were evaluated for circadian and ultradian rhythmicity because of their uniqueness. The ability to detect and quantitate biorhythms in living systems during space flight is an important aspect of evaluating hypotheses concerning the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena. Circadian variation in heart rate during space flight is demonstrated here. In analyzing generated time series data it has been found that period discrimination is much better than the theoretical limit.
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  • 56
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    Hydrocortisone and ACTH levels in manned spaceflight (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The plasma hydrocortisone, plasma ACTH, and urinary hydrocortisone values were recorded for each man of the crews of Apollo flights eight through fifteen, 30, 14, and 5 days before flight, immediately after spaceflight recovery, and on future days until the return of most variables to preflight values. The plasma and urinary preflight hydrocortisone values were significantly higher than the postflight values. This result is discussed in terms of three possible explanations: (1) the adrenal-cortical function is suppressed during spaceflight; (2) the activity in flight may amount to stressful exercise, which tests have shown can cause a decrease in plasma adrenocortical hormones; and (3) the in-flight work-rest cycles may be such as to affect the circadian periodicity of the pituitary-adrenal function.
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  • 57
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    Fine structure of tannin accumulations in callus cultures of Pinus elliotti /slash pine/ (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Canadian Journal of Botany; 52; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 58
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    Auditory and visual evoked potentials during hyperoxia (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experimental study of the auditory and visual averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) recorded during hyperoxia, and investigation of the effect of hyperoxia on the so-called contingent negative variation (CNV). No effect of hyperoxia was found on the auditory AEP, the visual AEP, or the CNV. Comparisons with previous studies are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology; 37; Oct. 197
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  • 59
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    Phase relationships between circadian rhythms and the environment in humans during hypokinesis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
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  • 60
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    The action of ultrasounds on Bezostaia 1 winter wheat grown in sand pots treated with Knop solution (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of 3 years of research are presented concerning the increase in length and weight of the aerial biomass as compared with the underground biomass, as well as the productivity indexes of Bezostaia 1 winter wheat. The experiment involved two varieties, each of them with nine repetitions. Sterile sifted sand treated several times with a Knop solution during the vegetative period was used as a seed bed. The seeds were kept in water for 2 hours before treatment. Biometric and statistical measurements showed significant responses in the treated varieties.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 244-249
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  • 61
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    New experimental contributions to understanding the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on tomatoes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Irradiation of Aurora 100 tomatoes by a hydrodynamic ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 25 kHz per sec intensifies seed germination and the growth of the plants, causing precosity and increasing the output by 15.63 to 37.65%. The most effective radiation time (between 20 and 40 min) intensifies the phenophases. It causes some increase in output and changes in the chemical compositions of the fruits.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 238-242
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  • 62
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    Echocardiography of the aortic valve. I - Studies of normal aortic valve, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and mixed aortic valve disease (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Heart Journal; 36; Apr. 197
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  • 63
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    Effect of bioisolation and the intestinal flora of mice upon evaluation of an Apollo diet (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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  • 64
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    Angiotensinase activity of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I /cathepsin C/ of rat liver (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Biological Chemistry; 249; Jan. 10
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  • 65
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    Role of gravity in preparative electrophoresis (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Electrophoresis has contributed significantly to the methodology of biological sciences, and shows the potential for large scale fractionation of a wide range of medically important substances, including living cells. Gravity plays an important role in the electrophoretic process, and hence the importance of the NASA effort to develop a zero-gravity separation facility as part of its shuttle program. The current state of art in electrophoresis is reviewed with particular emphasis on the role of gravity and the possible use of istachophoresis. This technique utilizes a discontinuous buffer system, and appears to be the only high resolution electrophoretic technique currently available for separation of living cells.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 3d Space Processing Symp. on Skylab Results, Vol. 2; p 729-253
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  • 66
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    Full wave modulator-demodulator amplifier apparatus (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A full-wave modulator-demodulator apparatus is described including an operational amplifier having a first input terminal coupled to a circuit input terminal, and a second input terminal alternately coupled to the circuit input terminal. A circuit is ground by a switching circuit responsive to a phase reference signal and the operational amplifier is alternately switched between a non-inverting mode and an inverting mode. The switching circuit includes three field-effect transistors operatively associated to provide the desired switching function in response to an alternating reference signal of the same frequency as an AC input signal applied to the circuit input terminal.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 67
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    Heat transfer to surface and gaps of RSI tile arrays in turbulent flow at Mach 10.3 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Heat transfer to gap walls and surface of a simulated reusable surface insulation (RSI) tile array are presented. The data were obtained in the thick, turbulent tunnel wall boundary layer of the Langley Continuous Flow Hypersonic Tunnel at a freestream Mach number of 10.3 and a freestream unit Reynolds number of one million. Pertinent test variables were: (1) tile array orientation (staggered and in-line), (2) gap width, (3) flow angularity, and (4) tile mismatch.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71945
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  • 68
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    Bio-isolated dc operational amplifier (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A bio-isolated dc operational amplifier is described for use in making bioelectrical measurements of a patient while providing isolation of the patient from electrical shocks. The circuit contains a first operational amplifier coupled to the patient with its output coupled in a forward loop through a first optic coupler to a second operational amplifier. The output of the second operational amplifier is coupled to suitable monitoring circuitry via a feedback circuit including a second optic coupler to the input of the first operational amplifier.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 69
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    Quantitative values of blood flow through the human forearm, hand, and finger as functions of temperature (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A literature search was made to obtain values of human forearm, hand and finger blood flow as functions of environmental temperature. The sources used include both government and laboratory reports and the research presented in the open literature. An attempt was made to review many of the more quantitative noninvasive determinations and to collate the results in such a way as to yield blood flow values for each body segment as continuous functions of temperature. A brief review of the various ways used to measure blood flow is included along with an abstract of each work from which data was taken.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62342
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  • 70
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    LC-oscillator with automatic stabilized amplitude via bias current control (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A stable excitation supply for measurement transducers is described. It consists of a single-transistor oscillator with a coil connected to the collector and a capacitor connected from the collector to the emitter. The output of the oscillator is rectified and the rectified signal acts as one input to a differential amplifier; the other input being a reference potential. The output of the amplifier is connected at a point between the emitter of the transistor and ground. When the rectified signal is greater than the reference signal, the differential amplifier produces a signal of polarity to reduce bias current and, consequently, amplification.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 71
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    Circadian, endocrine, and metabolic effects of prolonged bedrest: Two 56-day bedrest studies (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two bedrest studies of 56 days each have been conducted to evaluate the effects of prolonged bedrest on circadian synchrony and endocrine and metabolic function. Measurements included the pituitary-adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, insulin-glucose-growth hormones, catecholamine excretion, body temperature, and heart rate. The results indicated that a rigorous regimen of exercise did not prevent the endocrine and metabolic effects of prolonged bedrest. Changes in circadian, endocrine, and metabolic functions in bedrest appear to be due to changes in hydrostatic pressure and lack of postural cues rather than to inactivity, confinement, or the bleeding schedule. Prolonged bedrest, particularly beyond 24 days, resulted in rhythm desynchronization in spite of well regulated light/dark cycles, temperature, humidity, activity, and meal times and meal composition and in increased lability of all endocrine parameter measured. It also resulted in an apparent insensitivity of the glucose response to insulin, of cortisol secretion to ACTH, and of growth hormone secretion to hypoglycemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3051 , A-5339
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    Enzyme activity in terrestrial soil in relation to exploration of the Martian surface (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Sensitive tests for the detection of extracellular enzyme activity in Martian soil was investigated using simulated Martian soil. Enzyme action at solid-liquid water interfaces and at low humidity were studied, and a kinetic scheme was devised and tested based on the growth of microorganisms and the oxidation of ammonium nitrite.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-138587
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  • 73
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    Comparison of cooling effectiveness of turbine vanes with and without film cooling (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The cooling effectiveness of three film-cooled vanes were compared to the cooling effectiveness of two non-film-cooled vanes. The comparison indicated that, for the vane configurations and test conditions examined, film cooling had an adverse effect near the suction-surface trailing edge of the vanes. Film cooling was found to be beneficial on the pressure surface of the vanes.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3022 , E-7860
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  • 74
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    Aerodynamic heating and loading within large open cavities in cone and cone-cylinder-flare models at Mach 6.7 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The aerodynamic heating and loading distributions within large cavities exposed by surface openings to hypersonic flow were determined in the 8-foot high-temperature structures tunnel. Cone and cone-cylinder-flare models with cavities having regular and irregular surface-opening shapes were aerothermally tested at various angles of attack up to 30 deg. Tests were conducted at a Mach number of 6.7, a total temperature of 1800 K, a dynamic pressure of 80 kPa, and a stream unit Reynolds number of 6,000,000 per meter. The results showed that the heating rates at internal reattachment were generally lower but of the same order as the corresponding external heating rates; however, other internal heating rates were an order of magnitude lower. The internal flow showed characteristics of being funneled into jets or being dispersed dependent upon the internal surface contour.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7403 , L-9157
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  • 75
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    Light bulb heat exchanger for magnetohydrodynamic generator applications - Preliminary evaluation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The light-bulb heat-exchanger concept is investigated as a possible means of using a combustion heat source to supply energy to an inert gas MHD power generator system. In this concept, combustion gases flow through a central passage which consists of a duct with transparent walls through which heat is transferred by radiation to a radiation receiver which in turn heats the inert gas by convection. The effects of combustion-gas emissivity, transparent-wall-transmissivity, radiation-receiver emissivity, and the use of fins in the inert gas coolant passage are studied. The results indicate that inert gas outlet temperatures of 2500 K are possible for combustion temperatures of 3200 K and that sufficient energy can be transferred from the combustion gas to reduce its temperature to approximately 2000 K. At this temperature more conventional heat exchangers can be used.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7534 , E-7593
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  • 76
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    An efficiency study on obtaining the minimum weight of a thermal protection system (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three minimizing techniques are evaluated to determine the most efficient method for minimizing the weight of a thermal protection system and for reducing computer usage time. The methods used (numerical optimization and nonlinear least squares) for solving the minimum-weight problem involving more than one material and more than one constraint are discussed. In addition, the one material and one constraint problem is discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58126 , JSC-08678
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  • 77
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    A homogeneous heat pipe design code (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computer program was developed to facilitate parametric performance evaluation of heat pipes in lightweight heat rejection systems. A description of the code, user's manual, and sample inputs are provided. The emphasis is placed on the analysis and design of homogeneous wick heat pipes. The analysis of the annular heat pipe is included as part of the heat pipe radiator subroutine.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-136831 , JPL-TM-33-663
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  • 78
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    Demodulator for carrier transducers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A carrier type transducer is supplied with a carrier wave via an audio amplifier, a filter, a frequency divider, and an oscillator. The carrier is modulated in accordance with the parameter being measured by the transducer and is fed to the input of a digital data system which may include a voltmeter. The output of the oscillator and the output of each stage of the divider are fed to an AND or a NAND gate and suitable variable and fixed delay circuits to the command input of the digital data system. With this arrangement, the digital data system is commanded to sample at the proper time so that the average voltage of the modulated carrier is measured. It may be utilized with ancillary circuitry for control of the parameter
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 79
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    System for stabilizing cable phase delay utilizing a coaxial cable under pressure (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Stabilizing the phase delay of signals passing through a pressurizable coaxial cable is disclosed. Signals from an appropriate source at a selected frequency, e.g., 100 MHz, are sent through the controlled cable from a first cable end to a second cable end which, electrically, is open or heavily mismatched at 100 MHz, thereby reflecting 100 MHz signals back to the first cable end. Thereat, the phase difference between the reflected-back signals and the signals from the source is detected by a phase detector. The output of the latter is used to control the flow of gas to or from the cable, thereby controlling the cable pressure, which in turn affects the cable phase delay.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 80
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    Bone mineral measurement from Apollo experiment M-078 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Loss of mineral from bone during periods of immobilization, recumbency, or weightlessness is examined. This report describes the instrumentation, technique, and bone mineral changes observed preflight and postflight for the Apollo 14, 15, and 16 missions. The bone mineral changes documented during the Apollo Program are reviewed, and their relevance to future missions is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-58110 , JSC-08680
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  • 81
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    Effects of pressure, oxygen concentration, and forced convection on flame spread rate of Plexiglas, Nylon and Teflon (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experiments were conducted in which the burning of cylindrical materials in a flowing oxidant stream was studied. Plexiglas, Nylon, and Teflon fuel specimens were oriented such that the flames spread along the surface in a direction opposed to flowing gas. Correlations of flame spread rate were obtained that were power law relations in terms of pressure, oxygen concentration, and gas velocity.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7555 , E-7611
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  • 82
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    Film cooling in a combustor operating at fuel-rich exit conditions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data were taken with a film-cooled test plate placed in the exhaust stream of a rectangular combustor. Results showed that in a fuel-rich zone, fuel entrained into the film-cooling air would burn at the conditions tested. Test conditions were cooling-gas flow rates, 9.5 and 5 percent of total gas flow; cooling-gas velocities, 23 and 12 m/sec; ambient-temperature cooling gas; hot-gas velocity, nominally 215 m/sec; fuel-air ratio to stoichiometric fuel-air ratio values of 0.1, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.35, resulting in hot-gas temperatures from 590 to 2100 K; and atmospheric pressure. Analytical prediction of wall temperatures agreed reasonably well with experimental results.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7513 , E-7561
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  • 83
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    Test results on the Viking gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer instrument to be utilized in the Viking 1975 Molecular Analysis experiment has undergone preliminary testing in its flight configured version. A synthetic mixture of 24 components as well as a sample of the Murchison meteorite has been used for this purpose. The resulting data not only allowed the identification of most of the organic compounds known to be present, but also revealed the identity of a few unexpected ones. Thus, the sensitivity and reliability of the instrument and data system are satisfactorily demonstrated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Origin of Life; 5; July-Oct
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  • 84
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    Intrathoracic and venous pressure relationships during responses to changes in body position (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Simultaneous end-expiratory pressures, referred to midthoracic level, in the superior and abdominal venae cavae, pericardial space, and right and left heart, were recorded without thoracotomy in three anesthetized dogs during sudden changes from supine to vertical head-up or head-down body positions. Intrathoracic and dependent great vein pressures referred to midchest level (sixth thoracic vertebra) decreased and showed simple hydrostatic gradients in either vertical position. However, a discontinuity in the large vein hydrostatic gradient occurred just distal to the superior margin of the thorax in either body position and was resumed again above this level. It is concluded that, just as the cerebrospinal fluid and intraperitoneal pressures minimize the effects of gravitational and inertial forces on the cerebral and visceral circulations, the pericardial and pleural pressures have a similar role for the heart proper.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 37; Aug. 197
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  • 85
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    Oxygen effects on mortality of mice infected with Diplococcus pneumoniae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mice infected by intraperitoneal injection of Diplococcus pneumoniae were held at 1 atm in either hypoxic (12%), hyperoxic (75%), or a normal (21%) oxygen environment. Mortality rates indicated prolongation of survival in hypoxia and shortened survival in hyperoxia. Exposure of mice to the experimental gas mixtures prior to inoculation did not alter the results.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; July 197
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  • 86
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    Regularity in the control of the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the present experiment, rigid control over the sleep and wake-up times was employed in an attempt to contain the natural rhythm to a 24-hr cycle. Eight subjects were isolated from all time and social cues for 10 days. They were placed on a rigid schedule of sleep between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. The results indicate that, for practical purposes, the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm can be contained to a 24-hr cycle by rigid control of the sleep portion of the cycle. When part of the control was released by allowing the subjects to sleep beyond 7 a.m., they slept an average of 67 min longer and showed sleep latencies which averaged 73 min. From these data it is concluded that control of the sleep portion of the sleep-wakefulness cycle, particularly control of the wake-up time, is sufficient to contain the free-running sleep-wakefulness rhythm to a 24-hr cycle.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; July 197
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  • 87
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    Liquefaction dynamics of n-octadecane in cylindrical coordinates (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The study presents one method of mathematically modeling the effects of gravity-induced free convection upon the melting phenomena of a finite paraffin slab. The theoretical model is based on the numerical computer solution of the solid phase and liquid phase energy equations, coupled with an imposed ideal-viscous flow approximation. An implicit alternating-direction technique is used as the finite-difference approximation for the basic energy equations in the numerical solution. The theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data from an annular test cell, in which n-octadecane, C18H38, was used as the test material. The results show that the model is a good first approximation to the solution of solid-liquid phase change involving gravity-induced free convection.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; May 1974
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  • 88
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    Unsteady temperature distribution in volume reflectors (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development of unsteady temperature distributions in semitransparent scattering materials under the influence of arbitrary incident radiative flux with other than specified temperature boundary conditions is considered. Specifically, such a problem is considered for an approximate radiative transfer model which allows analytic solutions. The model represents the unsteady, one-dimensional, radiative heating of a weakly absorbing, semitransparent medium with specified conductive heat flux at one boundary. The radiation field is modeled using an approximation to the radiative heat flux obtained by solution of the Kubelka-Munk differential equations.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; May 1974
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  • 89
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    Parabarosis and experimental infections. II - Body temperatures of small animals; methods of observation and control (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 90
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    Parabarosis and experimental infections. III - Susceptibility of mice to influenza virus as modified by chilling and by hyperbaric helium atmosphere. IV - Effect of varying O2 tensions on chlamydial infection in mice and cell cultures (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Mar. 197
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  • 91
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    The effect of continuous low dose-rate gamma irradiation on cell population kinetics of lymphoid tissue (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Cellular response and cell population kinetics were studied during lymphopoiesis in the thymus of the mouse under continuous gamma irradiation using autoradiographic techniques and specific labeling with tritiated thymidine. On the basis of tissue weights, it is concluded that the response of both the thymus and spleen to continuous low dose-rate irradiation is multiphasic. That is, alternating periods of steady state growth, followed by collapse, which in turn is followed by another period of homeostasis. Since there are two populations of lymphocytes - short lived and long-lived, it may be that different phases of steady state growth are mediated by different lymphocytes. The spleen is affected to a greater extent with shorter periods of steady-state growth than exhibited by the thymus.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-140114
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  • 92
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    Capacitance multiplier and filter synthesizing network (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A circuit using a differential amplifier multiplies the capacitance of a discrete interating capacitor by (r sub 1 + R sub 2)/R sub 2, where R sub 1 and R sub 2 are values of discrete resistor coupling an input signal e sub 1 of the amplifier inputs. The output e sub 0 of the amplifier is fed back and added to the signal coupled by the resistor R sub 2 to the amplifier through a resistor of value R sub 1. A discrete resistor R sub x may be connected in series for a lag filter, and a discrete resistor may be connected in series with the capacitor for a lead-lag filter. Voltage dividing resistors R sub a and R sub b may be included in the feedback circuit of the amplifier output e sub o to independently adjust the circuit gain e sub i/e sub o.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
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  • 93
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    Development of electrical feedback controlled heat pipes and the advanced thermal control flight experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development and characteristics of electrical feedback controlled heat pipes (FCHP) are discussed. An analytical model was produced to describe the performance of the FCHP under steady state and transient conditions. An advanced thermal control flight experiment was designed to demonstrate the performance of the thermal control component in a space environment. The thermal control equipment was evaluated on the ATS-F satellite to provide performance data for the components and to act as a thermal control system which can be used to provide temperature stability of spacecraft components in future applications.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-114751 , DTM-74-2
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  • 94
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    Quantitative ecology and dry-heat resistance of psychrophiles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Microorganisms capable of growth at 7 C were enumerated and isolated from soil samples from the manufacture area (Denver, Colorado) and assembly area (Cape Kennedy, Florida) of the Viking spacecraft. Temperature requirements were determined for these isolates, and those growing at 3 C, but not at 32 C were designated as obligate psychrophiles in this investigation. These were identified to major generic groups, and the population density of obligate psychrophiles from the various groups was determined. Dry heat D-values were found for those spores that demonstrated growth or survival under a simulated Martian environment.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-139667
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  • 95
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    Effects of prolonged acceleration with or without clinostat rotation on seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three 21-day tests of the effects of chronic centrifugation were carried out on populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to 1 g the resultant g-forces tested were: 2,4,6,8,16, and 20 g. Observed end points included gross morphological characters such as size of plant organs and, at the other extreme, features of sub-cellular structure and ultrastructure. Plants were grown on banks of clinostats. The acceleration vector was directed either parallel with the plants' axes or transverse to the axes. Plant responses to chronic axial acceleration and to transverse acceleration with clinostated plants were determined. From the data obtained it was possible in some cases: (1) to determine the g-functions of specific plant developmental characters; (2) to extrapolate those functions to the hypothetical value at zero g in order to predict (tentatively) the morphology of a plant grown in space, (3) to describe morphological effects of clinostat rotation, (4) to determine which of those effects was influenced by the prevailing g-force, and (5) to put to direct test the assumption that clinostat rotation nullifies or compensates for the influence of gravity.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-139584
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  • 96
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    Viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of gaseous and liquid oxygen (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Equations and tables are presented for the viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of gaseous and liquid oxygen at temperatures between 80 K and 400 K for pressures up to 200 atm. and at temperatures between 80 K and 2000 K for the dilute gas. A description of the anomalous behavior of the thermal conductivity in the critical region is included. The tabulated coefficients are reliable to within about 15% except for a region in the immediate vicinity of the critical point. Some possibilities for future improvements of this reliability are discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-2440
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  • 97
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    Analysis of combustion instability in liquid propellant engines with or without acoustic cavities (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analytical studies have been made of the relative combustion stability of various propellant combinations when used with hardware configurations representative of current design practices and with or without acoustic cavities. Two combustion instability models, a Priem-type model and a modification of the Northern Research and Engineering (NREC) instability model, were used to predict the variation in engine stability with changes in operating conditions, hardware characteristics or propellant combination, exclusive of acoustic cavity effects. The NREC model was developed for turbojet engines but is applicable to liquid propellant engines. A steady-state combustion model was used to predict the needed input for the instability models. In addition, preliminary development was completed on a new model to predict the influence of an acoustic cavity with specific allowance for the effects the nozzle, steady flow and combustion.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-134387 , R-9353
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  • 98
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    Utility of ERTS for monitoring the breeding habitat of migratory waterfowl (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Since 1968 the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (BSF&W) and the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan have cooperated on developing applications of remote sensing to the management of migratory waterfowl. Basically, this work has been concerned with (1) the assimilation of data on surface water conditions so that the data can be used as an index of annual waterfowl production, and (2) the collection of data on land use and wetland quality so that a measure of habitat carrying capacity is obtained. To date, efforts have been directed toward utilizing ERTS to monitor surface water conditions. An example of a model used for predicting the annual production of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) is presented. The data inputs to this model and the potential for acquiring these data using ERTS are described.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: PAPER-E12 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. B; p 1671-1686
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  • 99
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    An evaluation of the use of ERTS-1 satellite imagery for grizzly bear habitat analysis (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Improved classification and mapping of grizzly habitat will permit better estimates of population density and distribution, and allow accurate evaluation of the potential effects of changes in land use, hunting regulation, and management policies on existing populations. Methods of identifying favorable habitat from ERTS-1 multispectral scanner imagery were investigated and described. This technique could reduce the time and effort required to classify large wilderness areas in the Western United States.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: PAPER-E11 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. B; p 1653-1670
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  • 100
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    ERTS surveys a 500 km squared locust breeding site in Saudi Arabia (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: From September 1972 to January 1973, ERTS-1 precisely located a 500 sq km area on the Red Sea coastal plain of Saudi Arabia within which the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria, Forsk.) bred successfully and produced many small swarms. Growth of vegetation shown by satellite imagery was confirmed from ground surveys and raingauge data. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of detecting potential locust breeding sites by satellite, and shows that an operational satellite would be a powerful tool for routine survey of the 3 x 10 to the 7th power sq km invasion area of the Desert Locust in Africa and Asia, as well as of other locust species in the arid and semi-arid tropics.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: PAPER-A15 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. A; p 233-246
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