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  • Angiosperms  (132)
  • hypertension  (130)
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  • Springer  (303)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • PANGAEA
  • 1980-1984  (303)
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  • Springer  (303)
  • MDPI Publishing
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 331-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; oxprenolol ; hypertension ; beta-blockers ; HDL-cholesterol ; intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ; cardioselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a reduction in HDL-cholesterol is peculiar to non cardioselective beta blockers or whether it is also produced by cardioselective beta1-blockers. 16 patients with primary arterial hypertension on a balanced isocaloric diet were given oxprenolol 120 to 240 mg/day or metoprolol 100 to 200 mg/day in a random cross-over study. No significant change was observed after either treatment in fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased on metoprolol, from 41 to 36 mg/dl (p〈0.05), while oxprenolol did not affect it at all. The difference might depend on intrinsic sympathomimetic activity which is possessed by oxprenolol and which metoprolol lacks.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 397-405 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indapamide ; hypertension ; cardiovascular reflexes ; diuretic effect ; blood pressure variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine elderly and 11 young hypertensives underwent continuous ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure (BP), assessment of cardiovascular reflexes and M-mode echocardiography as hospital in-patients prior to treatment with once-daily indapamide (2.5 mg). They were followed as out-patients for 4 months during which time casual BP was measured at monthly intervals. The patients were then readmitted to hospital and studied using the same protocol under similar standardised conditions. The results showed that indapamide reduced casual and ambulatory BP in both young and elderly although the most marked effect was seen on systolic BP. Assessment of cardiovascular reflexes indicates that at least part of the hypotensive action of indapamide is due to a diuretic effect. Treatment with indapamide has comparable results on both young and elderly.
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  • 3
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; beta-blockers ; propranolol ; metoprolol ; labetalol ; exercise ; heart rate ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double blind, within patient investigation of twenty-four patients (nineteen males and five females) with a mean age of 46.3 years (SD 10.9 years) with mild to moderate essential hypertension a comparison between equipotent beta-blocking doses of propranolol, metoprolol and labetalol was carried out. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured in lying, sitting and standing positions and before, during and after isometric and dynamic exercise. Peak expiratory flow was recorded before and during dynamic exercise. All the active treatments were better than placebo in reducing blood pressure and heart rate. Comparing the effects of treatment, labetalol lowered sitting diastolic pressure significantly more than propranolol and standing diastolic pressure than both propranolol and metoprolol. Metoprolol and propranolol were more effective in reducing heart rate. Propranolol significantly reduced peak flow rate compared to labetalol. During the exercise, both isometric and dynamic, the heart rate and the blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, of the treated patients were lower than those on placebo. There was little difference between the drugs in the influence on blood pressure, but metoprolol and propranolol were significantly more effective than labetalol in lowering the heart rate.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alpha-methyldopa ; propranolol ; hypertension ; side effects ; blood pressure control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A multicentre study of 6–10 weeks duration was performed in 60 ambulant hypertensive patients aged over 60 years to compare the efficacy of methyldopa and propranolol with particular reference to the occurrence of cold extremities and sleep disturbances. Blood pressure was effectively controlled by both drugs being reduced from a mean of 180/108 mmHg to 161/93 with methyldopa and 180/108 to 162/94 with propranolol. More patients treated with methyldopa (74%) achieved the target diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg or below compared with those treated with propranolol (58%). Side effects were more frequent in the propranolol group necessitating the withdrawal of four patients from the study. Only one patient on methyldopa was withdrawn. The incidence of cold extremities was significantly greater with propranolol. The occurrence of sleep disturbances was similar in both groups. In this group of elderly patients methyldopa was better tolerated than propranolol.
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  • 5
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 543-547 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indapamide ; hypertension ; glomerular filtration ; arginine vasopressin ; free water clearance ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), arginine vasopressin in plasma (AVP), free water clearance ( $${\text{C}}_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}$$ ) and blood pressure (BP) were determined in 11 patients with essential hypertension at the end of 3 consecutive periods of observation each of 6 of weeks duration; indapamide 2.5 mg daily was given in period 2 and placebo in periods 1 and 3. RPF and GFR were reduced by 9% and BP by 9%/14% supine and 14%/12% standing during indapamide treatment. Changes in renal haemodynamics were not correlated with those in BP. AVP was not significantly altered by indapamide and was not correlated with BP. Indapamide reduced $${\text{C}}_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}$$ possibly due to the reduction in GFR. It is concluded that indapamide evidently induces redistribution of the cardiac output, with enhanced muscle blood flow and reduced renal perfussion, and that AVP does not seem to be involved in blood pressure regulation in mild to moderate essential hypertension under basal conditions.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blockers ; hypertension ; ISA ; CS ; cold extremities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with essential hypertension were interviewed prior to entering therapeutic studies in general practice. Patients' age, sex and details of antihypertensive therapy (if any) were noted, as were their spontaneously reported symptoms. Complaints of cold extremities were highest in those taking a beta-blocker (4.1%). Those untreated or taking other therapies complained less often. Those patients taking a beta-blocker with ISA complained less often (3.1%) of cold extremities than those taking a beta-blocker without ISA (5.2%).
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  • 7
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; blood pressure decrease ; drug combination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The medication of patients receiving hydralazine, captopril and minoxidil was replaced by a new galenical form, long-acting nifedipine. An additional decrease in blood pressure was observed in most of the patients. Renal function was maintained in all of them. Adverse reactions may be reduced by the use of long-acting nifedipine, which would permit a reduction in the dosage of captopril and minoxidil.
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  • 8
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 23-27 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; alpha2-adrenoceptors ; blood pressure ; clonidine ; guanfacine ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time courses of the changes in plasma growth hormone and noradrenaline concentrations in response to 15 min infusions of clonidine 0.2 mgs and guanfacine 2 mgs, were studied in six normal volunteers, in a double-blind, randomised, crossover study. Plasma noradrenaline fell within 15 min of the commencement of drug administration, by 36±14% after clonidine (p〈0.05) and by 32±11% (p〈0.05) after guanfacine. Plasma growth hormone was not significantly elevated until the 30th minute to 12.0±4.7 lU/ml (p〈0.05) after clonidine and 14.7±11.5 lU/ml (p〈0.05) after guanfacine, having been undetectable prior to both drugs. The reduction in plasma noradrenaline by these α2-adrenergic agonists, prior to activation of central adrenoceptors as detected by changes in plasma growth hormone, is evidence for a peripheral component in their sympatholytic effect.
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  • 9
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: moxonidine ; clonidine ; hypertension ; double-blind crossover ; side-effects ; withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive effect of moxonidine·HCl·H2O (MOX) was compared with that of clonidine·HCl (CLON) in a randomized double-blind crossover study in 20 hypertensive outpatients (BP range 154–178/96–108 mmHg). After 2 weeks without antihypertensive medication, either MOX 0.2 mg daily or CLON 0.2 mg daily was given and the dose was titrated until the diastolic blood pressure fell below 90 mmHg. The first treatment period was continued for 2 weeks and, after crossover without a wash-out period, it was followed by the second treatment for a further 2 weeks. Within the first 4 days of administration 0.2–0.4 mg of either agent caused a significant decrease in BP (p〈0.001) from a mean of 166/100 mmHg to 149/86 mmHg after CLON (approx. −10/−14%), and 163/99 mmHg to 146/84 mmHg after MOX (approx. −10/−15%). No significant difference in the fall in BP or pulse rate was detected between the two drugs. In the mean daily dose of 0.3 mg both drugs showed the same antihypertensive activity, but on CLON a higher incidence of side effects (p=0.003) was noted, and after discontinuation of therapy a more rapid rise in BP (systolic BP p〈0.01, diastolic BP p〈0.02) was found. 17 patients on CLON complained of side effects, especially tiredness and dry mouth, whilst only 6 patients on MOX were affected (p=0.003).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: guanfacine ; hydrallazine ; hypertension ; sympathetic nervous activity ; plasma renin activity ; cardiac and systemic haemodynamics ; blood pressure ; limb blood flow ; limb vascular resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of guanfacine and hydrallazine on cardiovascular haemodynamics and on sympathetic nervous activity has been studied in 16 patients with essential hypertension. Two groups of patients were investigated: in Group A guanfacine brought the blood pressure back to normal (diastolic blood pressure ⩽90 mmHg), and in Group B diastolic blood pressure was 〉 90 mmHg and required the addition of hydrallazine. Guanfacine significantly decreased heart rate, plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of noradrenaline, without altering cardiac contractility. In Group B, guanfacine 2 to 6 mg/day produced a significant decrease in blood pressure from 178.7/112.4 to 164.4/102.9 mmHg and in heart rate from 77.1 to 62.7 beats/min after 4 weeks of treatment. Guanfacine did not significantly alter preejection period, cardiac output or total peripheral resistance. Hydrallazine 50 to 300 mg/day caused a further reduction in blood pressure from 164.4/102.9 to 150.7/90.2 mmHg and an increase in heart rate from 62.7 to 72.1 beats/min. Limb blood flow was increased from 4.55 to 5.93 ml/100 g/min and limb vascular resistance was decreased from 39.55 to 23.6 mmHg 100 g·min/ml. Hydrallazine also caused a slight increase in plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of noradrenaline. It is concluded that guanfacine is a useful agent to block a hydrallazine-induced increase in sympathetic nervous activity.
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  • 11
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 407-414 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piretanide ; hypertension ; triamterene ; double blind comparison ; potassium ; magnesium ; side-effects ; serum electrolytes ; serum parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomized, double blind, parallel group study in out patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension the effects of piretanide on serum electrolytes and on blood pressure were compared with those of triamterene alone and the combination piretanide + triamterene. 136 patients entered the study; 18 patients did not fulfill the inclusion criteria (RRdiast was below 95 mmHg or above 120 mmHg) at the end of the placebo period, 6 dropped out due to side effects, and 1 due to lack of efficacy. Data from 1 patient were not evaluated because the patient did not come regularly for checkups. The results for 110 patients were analyzed. Piretanide 6 mg b.d. and piretanide 6 mg + triamterene 50 mg b.d. produced a significant reduction both in supine and erect blood pressure, which was evident at 2 weeks and which increased over the ensuing 12 week trial period. A mean maximal fall of 16.5% was noted in the piretanide group and 15% in the piretanide + triamterene group. Triamterene alone (50 mg b.d.) also reduced diastolic and systolic blood pressures but the reduction was significantly less (diastolic blood pressure) than in both the piretanide groups, and it showed a more rapid return to pretreatment level during a placebo washout phase at the end of the study. A reduction in standing diastolic blood pressure below 95 mmHg was attained in 84% of patients in the piretanide group, 82% in the piretanide + triamterene group and in only 58% of the triamterene group. There were no significant changes within groups nor differences between the three groups in serum potassium or magnesium. 7 patients were withdrawn from the study because of side-effects due to too marked a clinical action (polyuria, orthostatic disorders and hypotension), one from the piretanide group, and the others in the piretanide + triamterene group. One patient in the triamterene group left the study prematurely due to the lack of effect.
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  • 12
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 529-534 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents ; hypertension ; adverse reactions ; atenolol ; bopindolol ; pindolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of once-daily bopindolol, a nonselectiveβ-adrenoceptor blocking agent with partial agonist activity, and of pindolol and atenolol in the treatment of essential hypertension has been compared. 369 patients were investigated in a double-blind parallel-group study. The treatment period was 10 weeks. Blood pressure normalisation (diastolic BP equal to or less than 90 mmHg) was to be achieved by a stepwise increase in the dose of the test drugs, and, if required, by addition of a diuretic. Normalisation of blood pressure was achieved in 71 to 76% of the subjects, with no significant differences between bopindolol, pindolol, and atenolol. Special attention was given to evaluation of side effects by using two methods for registration of all adverse events during the study. A low incidence of drug-induced side effects was observed, with no significant difference between bopindolol, pindolol, and atenolol. There was no evidence of unsuspected adverse reactions due to bopindolol.
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  • 13
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 309-313 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; hypertension ; therapeutic window ; steady state concentration ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiovascular effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonidine was given orally as monotherapy in increasing daily doses from 3.1 to 25.7 µg/kg to patients with essential hypertension (n=6). When a steady state concentration in plasma was reached at each dose level, the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured during a dosage interval. Effect time — plasma concentration data were submitted to nonlinear regression analysis, which showed that the observed BP effects could be dissociated into depressor and pressor components. A window for the antihypertensive effect was established. At a plasma clonidine concentration of 0.65±0.07 ng/ml 50% of the maximal depressor effect was found, and it was only separated by a factor of 2 from the half maximal pure pressor concentration in plasma. No relationship between the change in heart rate and the plasma clonidine was observed. The findings strengthen the importance of close monitoring of clonidine therapy.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blocking drugs ; insulin sensitivity ; pancreatic beta-cell function ; hypertension ; propranolol ; atenolol ; insulin secretion ; plasma GIP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of two beta-blocking drugs on endogenous insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were investigated in a double blind cross-over study in 13 hypertensive patients. The patients were randomly allocated to each of three 2-week treatment periods with propranolol 80 mg b.i.d., atenolol 50 mg b.i.d. and placebo b.i.d. Endogenous insulin secretion was assessed by measuring serum insulin and C-peptide before and 6 min after iv administration of glucagon; insulin sensitivity was determined by measuring insulin binding to erythrocytes, and as the glucose disappearance rate (KITT) after i.v. insulin. Fasting concentrations of serum free fatty acids (S-FFA) and plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (P-GIP) were also recorded during the three study periods. Both propranolol and atenolol reduced blood pressure, heart rate and S-FFA concentrations compared to placebo, and all patients showed measurable plasma concentrations of propranolol and atenolol. The results can be considered representative, therefore, of clinical beta-blockade. The two drugs did not significantly influence the fasting blood glucose level. There was an increase in fasting and glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide concentration during propranolol therapy compared with placebo (p=0.037 and p=0.030, respectively), although this was not reflected by a significant change in serum insulin. Propranolol and atenolol did not significantly influence insulin binding to erythrocytes, but they clearly reduced the glucose disappearance rate KITT was compared to placebo (p=0.0036 and p=0.0003, respectively). The findings support the view that beta-blocking drugs can influence glucose metabolism by mechanisms other than inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion.
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  • 15
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 549-553 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pafenolol ; hypertension ; antihypertensive therapy ; beta1-blocking agent ; exercise tests ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pafenolol, a new selective adrenergic beta1-blocking agent, has been tested for the first time in 6 hypertensive patients. After single oral doses of pafenolol 25 to 100 mg, there was a marked reduction in heart rate and systolic blood pressure during exercise tests. These effects were dose dependent. A significant positive correlation was found between the reduction in heart rate during exercise and the plasma level of pafenolol 5 hours after drug intake (correlation coefficient r=0.94). Side effects were mild and seemed to be dose dependent. It is concluded that this new beta1-blocking agent was effective in reducing blood pressure and was well tolerated.
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  • 16
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 661-661 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: endralazine ; hypertension ; elimination half-liefe ; compartment model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: etozolin ; ozolinone ; furosemide ; hypertension ; renin ; catecholamines ; chronic renal failure ; steady state kinetics ; plasma levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect on urinary electrolyte excretion, renin release and plasma norepinephrine of single oral doses of 400 mg etozolin (E) and of 40 mg furosemide (F) were studied in hypertensive patients with normal (n=6) and impaired kidney function (n=6). E caused a marked saluresis up to 24 hours, showing its long duration of action. F, however, displayed a brief, brisk peak diuresis, followed by a rebound from the 4th to the 24th hours. The brisk peak diuresis induced by F was associated with pronounced release of renin, almost twice that induced by E. In chronic renal failure the renin release in relation to the magnitude of the diuresis was increased, i.e. the sensitivity of these patients to changes in water homeostasis was increased. E and F stimulated the sympathetic system to roughly the same extent. Patients with essential hypertension had higher plasma levels of norepinephrine than hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure. In addition, hypertensive patients with normal renal function (n=4) and varying degrees of renal impairment (n=11) were also given 400 mg daily for 2 weeks. Effects on blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis were monitored, as well as the plasma kinetics of metabolite I, ozolinone. At the end of the 2 week treatment E had significantly lowered systolic (−12 mm Hg) and diastolic (−9 mm Hg) blood pressure, and had produced a significant loss of body weight, without altering plasma electrolytes or blood chemistry. There was no accumulation of the effective metabolite ozolinone under conditions of severe impairment of kidney function. It is concluded that E can effectively control high blood pressure in patients with normal and impaired kidney function. Its effective metabolite ozolinone did not accumulate in chronic renal failure.
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  • 18
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 287-289 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; hypertension ; vasodilator ; patients ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new vasodilator drug, pinacidil, N″-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N′-1, 2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, was studied in an open trial in 15 patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Four patients received pinacidil monotherapy, and in 11 patients it was used with a diuretic or a beta-blocker. In all but one patient normotension was achieved with a mean daily pinacidil dose of 46.7 mg b.i.d. (range 20–100 mg). Side effects were few and were action-related. There was no evidence of early toxicity. Pinacidil is a promising new antihypertensive vasodilator, which deserves further clinical evaluation.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: acetylator phenotype ; hydralazine response ; hypertension ; blood pressure control ; lupus syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of acetylator phenotype in determining the response to hydralazine when it was added to diuretic and β-blocker at doses not exceeding 200 mg daily was examined in 57 hypertensive patients. 81% of rapid acetylators needed 200 mg hydralazine daily compared to 38% of slow acetylators (p〈0.01). Despite higher doses of hydralazine the blood pressure was controlled in only 27% of rapid acetylators compared to 65% of slow acetylators (p〈0.02). The relation of acetylator phenotype to blood pressure response was statistically independent of initial blood pressure, age, sex, body weight and serum creatinine (p〈0.005). Current recommendations on hydralazine dosage are unsatisfactory for the 40% of hypertensive patients who are rapid acetylators. We suggest measurement of the acetylator phenotype in patients who respond incompletely to 200 mg hydralazine daily. About 70% of these patients will be rapid acetylators in whom the dose of hydralazine can be increased safely.
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  • 20
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: captopril ; hypertension ; glomerular filtration ; para-aminohippuric acid ; renal function ; severe drug reaction ; nephrotic syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of captopril up to 450 mg/day on blood pressure and renal function were investigated during sustained treatment of 10 patients whose severe hypertension had not responded to previous therapy. All the patients were kept on diuretics and most of them on β-blockers, too. A control determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and para-aminohippuric acid clearance (CPAH) was performed during the prior treatment. The effect of the addition (or substitution) of captopril were assessed after an average of 25 days (short-term) and 26 weeks (long-term). Short-term treatment produced a 15.5% decrease in mean blood pressure and interindividually variable effects on renal function. On average GFR was somewhat lower and CPAH slightly higher than the control values (not significant). This pattern is quite similar to the effects of most other antihypertensive drugs. On long-term therapy GFR rose by a mean of 9% (NS) and CPAH by 17% (p〈0.02). However, in a patient who developed a captopril-induced nephrotic syndrome, GFR dropped to 56% and CPAH to 50% of the control values. In another patient a transient rise in serum creatinine accompanied a severe drug reaction.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tobanum® ; beta-blocker ; chloranolol ; hypertension ; angina pectoris ; arrhythmia ; detection methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of side-effects on administration of chloranolol (Tobanum®), a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drug, to 2066 patients with hypertension, angina pectoris or arrhythmias was measured by three different methods. In 600 patients in an efficacy trial (Group 1) both spontaneously reported complaints and objective signs were tabulated. A side effect — directed method, utilising a questionnaire containing a list of possible side-effects was also used, with the questionnaire being completed by the physician. 35 questions referred to anticipated and other side-effects. The trial was performed in two groups: in 537 patients a placebo was also given (Group 2), and in another set of 929 patients (Group 3) the questionnaire inquiry was performed uncontrolled, without placebo. All three groups were comparable in their distribution of sexes, ages and diagnoses, the mean daily dose of chloranolol its use alone or in combination, and in a similar duration of treatment. 55% of all patients received chloranolol therapy for a period of more than 3 months. The ratio of in- and outpatients was 1:5. The side-effect incidence was independent of the age and sex of the patients and of the dose of chloranolol. The incidence was also unaffected whether chloranolol was used alone or in combination. The number of side-effects differed markedly between the three groups, their ratio was 1:10:24 in Groups 1, 2 and 3. Two-thirds of the side-effects subsided spontaneously within 1 month of their onset. The duration of the side-effects varied according to their character: cardiorespiratory side-effects were of the shortest duration and those affecting the central nervous system were the most enduring. The appreciable differences in incidence could be attributed to the methods of collection of the data. It has been stated that placebo controlled trials using a detailed questionnaire are the most suitable for estimating the incidence of side-effects; recording side-effects spontaneously reported by patients are insufficiently sensitive, and uncontrolled trials using a questionnaire have been shown to be too sensitive. The revealed incidence of side effects leading to interruption of treatment is less affected by the method chosen. In 100 patients (4.8%) therapy had to be suspended because of the side-effects of chloranolol (Group 1: 1%, Group 2: 6.20%, Group 3: 6.6%). Comparison of the incidence of cessation of therapy due to side-effects did not show an appreciable difference between the various beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, including chloranolol.
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  • 22
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; blood pressure decrease ; drug combination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The medication of patients receiving hydralazine, captopril and minoxidil was replaced by a new galenical form, long-acting nifedipine. An additional decrease in blood pressure was observed in most of the patients. Renal function was maintained in all of them. Adverse reactions may be reduced by the use of long-acting nifedipine, which would permit a reduction in the dosage of captopril and minoxidil.
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  • 23
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 23-27 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; alpha2-adrenoceptors ; blood pressure ; clonidine ; guanfacine ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time courses of the changes in plasma growth hormone and noradrenaline concentrations in response to 15 min infusions of clonidine 0.2 mgs and guanfacine 2 mgs, were studied in six normal volunteers, in a double-blind, randomised, crossover study. Plasma noradrenaline fell within 15 min of the commencement of drug administration, by 36±14% after clonidine (p〈0.05) and by 32±11% (p〈0.05) after guanfacine. Plasma growth hormone was not significantly elevated until the 30th minute to 12.0±4.7 lU/ml (p〈0.05) after clonidine and 14.7±11.5 lU/ml (p〈0.05) after guanfacine, having been undetectable prior to both drugs. The reduction in plasma noradrenaline by these α2-adrenergic agonists, prior to activation of central adrenoceptors as detected by changes in plasma growth hormone, is evidence for a peripheral component in their sympatholytic effect.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; hydrochlorothiazide ; atenolol ; side effects ; therapeutic efficacy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After screening a local population in the northern part of The Netherlands for hypertension, 119 patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 120 mmHg were randomised and treated either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide (n=59) or 100 mg atenolol (n=60). After 1 month of treatment 6 patients in the hydrochlorothiazide group and 24 patients in the atenolol group had reached a DP⩽90 mmHg (p〈0.001). 43 of the 50 non-responders to hydrochlorothiazide were switched to atenolol and 30 of the 35 non-responders to atenolol were changed to hydrochlorothiazide. One month after the switch 19 patients in the atenolol group and 2 patients in the hydrochlorothiazide group had reached a DP⩽90 mmHg (p〈0.001). After 6 months of treatment 32 of the 43 atenolol responders and 7 of the 8 hydrochlorothiazide responders were still receiving the same medication, as their DP was still⩽90 mmHg. Non-responders to either medication were given the combination (n=46). 21 patients now became normotensive as did a further 10 after increasing the dose of atenolol to 200 mg. Thus, in all 70 patients had a blood pressure ⩽90 mmHg after treatment for 4 months. Both drugs induced a significant reduction in the total of number of complaints after 1 month of treatment. They did not differ from each other. The reduction was seen both in responders and non-responders and persisted during treatment for 6 months. It is concluded that in terms of short-term efficacy the cardioselective, hydrophilic beta adrenoceptor-blocking drug atenolol is preferable to hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension.
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 603-608 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pinacidil ; hypertension ; pinacidil pyridine-N-oxide ; urinary excretion ; protein binding ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preliminary investigation in 3 healthy volunteers suggested that intravenous pinacidil in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg had a potent but well-tolerated hypotensive action in the supine position. Facial flushing, uncomfortable chest sensation and distressing postural hypotension occurred at serum concentrations above 300 ng/ml. Pinacidil, 0.2 mg/kg, was given intravenously over 4 min to 15 healthy volunteers in the supine position. Maximum fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 15.7±6.0 mmHg. Maximum rise in heart rate was 23.8±6.6 beats/min. Pinacidil serum distribution half-life ( $${\text{T}}_{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{${\text{1}}$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{1}} {{\text{2}}\alpha }}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${{\text{2}}\alpha }$}}}$$ ) was 13.4±8.5 min and elimination half-life ( $${\text{T}}_{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{${\text{1}}$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{1}} {{\text{2}}\beta }}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${{\text{2}}\beta }$}}}$$ ) was 2.13±0.49 h. The apparent volume of distribution (Vdβ) was 90.3±13.21 and total body clearance was 31.1±9.61/h. Pinacidil was approximately 40% bound to plasma protein over the concentration range 40–400 ng/ml. Urinary excretion of unchanged pinacidil accounted for 5.7 ± 1.3% of the administered dose over 24 hours and urinary excretion of the major metabolite, pinacidil pyridine-N-oxide, was 31.6±9.2% of the administered dose. It was concluded that intravenous pinacidil is a potent vasodilator hypotensive compound, with a duration of action between 1.5 and 2 h.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-blockers ; hypertension ; ISA ; CS ; cold extremities
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with essential hypertension were interviewed prior to entering therapeutic studies in general practice. Patients’ age, sex and details of antihypertensive therapy (if any) were noted, as were their spontaneously reported symptoms. Complaints of cold extremities were highest in those taking a beta-blocker (4.1%). Those untreated or taking other therapies complained less often. Those patients taking a beta-blocker with ISA complained less often (3.1%) of cold extremities than those taking a beta-blocker without ISA (5.2%).
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    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: ryegrass ; Oscinella frit ; Geomyza tripunctata ; nitrogen
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    Journal of solution chemistry 13 (1984), S. 335-348 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Solubility ; Henry's law coefficients ; Ostwald coefficients ; aqueous solutions ; nitrogen
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The solubility of nitrogen in pure liquid water was measured in the pressure range 45 to 115 kPa and in the temperature range 5 to 50°C. These data are used to obtain Henry coefficients H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) at the vapor pressure P s,1 of water. The temperature dependence of H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) is accounted for by both a Clarke-Glew (CG) type fitting equation, and a power series in T−1, as suggested by Benson and Krause (BK). The imprecision of our measurements is characterized by an average deviation of ±0.038% from a four-term CG equation, and by an average deviation of ±0.042% from a three-term BK equation. From the temperature variation of H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) partial molar quantities referring to the solution process, such as enthalpies and heat capacities of solution, are obtained. They are given in tabular form, together with H 2,1 (T,P s,1 ) and derived Ostwald coefficients L∞, at rounded temperatures. Finally, experimental results are compared with values calculated via scaled particle theory.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alsophila pometaria ; Geometridae ; Anisota senatoria ; Citheroniidae ; Quercus ; nutritional ecology ; herbivory ; nutritional indices ; consumption ; growth ; utilization efficiency ; nitrogen ; water ; tannins ; phenols ; gut pH ; digestive enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Alimentées sur feuillage jeune de chêne, les chenilles d'Alsophila pometaria avaient un taux relatif de croissance (RGR) et un taux relatif d'accumulation d'azote (RNAR) plus élevés que les chenilles d'Anisota senatoria alimentées sur feuillage mûr de chêne. Bien que le jeune feuillage soit plus efficacement digéré par A. pometaria (AD plus élevé), il n'est pas assimilé et utilisé pour la croissance avec de meilleurs rendements (les ECI ne sont pas différents). Ainsi le taux de croissance plus élevé d'A. pometaria est dû entièrement à un taux de consommation plus important (RCR et RNCR). Le feuillage jeune est significativement plus riche en azote et en eau que le feuillage mûr, mais les niveaux de phénol et de tanins sont les mêmes. A pometaria consomme les feuilles de différentes espèces de chênes au même taux, indépendamment de la teneur en azote, tandis que A. senatoria accroît sa consommation en réponse à une diminution de la teneur en azote. Il en résulte que le taux de croissance d'A. pometaria dépend directement de la teneur en azote des feuilles, tandis que celui d'A. senatoria en est indépendant. Les systèmes digestifs des deux insectes sont biochimiquement semblables et sont efficaces pour la digestion des protéines. Les tanins et les phénols n'influent pas sur les indices nutritionnels de ces deux espèces. Nous estimons que le principal intérêt de l'alimentation printanière est la disponibilité en feuillage succulent, riche en azote, et non l'absence de feuilles à haute teneur en tanin. L'alimentation printanière semble correspondre à une strategie alimentaire qui favorise la croissance aux dépens de l'efficacité tandis que l'alimentation en fin d'été est une stratégie qui favorise l'efficacité sur la rapidité.
    Notes: Abstract The larvae of Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), feeding on the young foliage of oak, has a higher relative growth rate (RGR) and relative nitrogen accumulation rate (RNAR) than the larvae of Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), feeding on the mature foliage of oak. Although the young oak foliage is more efficiently digested by A. pometaria (higher AD's), it is not more efficiently assimilated and used for growth (no difference in ECI's). Thus, the higher growth rate of A. pometaria is due entirely to a higher consumption rate (RCR and RNCR). Young foliage is significantly higher in nitrogen and water than mature foliage, but phenol and tannin levels are comparable in young and old foliage. A. pometaria consumes the foliage of different oak species at the same rate, independent of nitrogen content, while A. senatoria increases its consumption rate in response to decreased nitrogen levels. As a result, the growth rate of A. pometaria is directly related to leaf nitrogen content, while the growth rate of A. senatoria is independent of leaf nitrogen. The two species of insects have digestive systems that are very similar biochemically, and that are well-designed for effective protein digestion. Tannins and phenols do not influence the nutrional indices of either species. We suggest that the major benefit of spring feeding is the availability of succulent, high-nitrogen foliage, and not the avoidance of high-tannin foliage. The spring feeder appears to have a feeding strategy that favors rapid growth at the expense of efficiency, while the late summer feeder has a strategy that favors efficiency over rate.
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    Plant foods for human nutrition 34 (1984), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Lupinus albus ; L. angustifolius ; lupine ; nitrogen ; lipids ; fatty acids ; seed development
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Developing seeds of lupine cultivars Kali, Neuland, Reuscher and Unicrop, grown under field conditions, were sampled at different stages of maturity and analysed for total nitrogen, crude fat and fatty acid composition. Nitrogen and lipid deposition occurred between 30 and 60 days after anthesis coinciding with the stage of maximal dry weight increase of the developing seed. The rate and duration of dry matter, nitrogen and crude fat accumulation was cultivar dependent. Percent of total saturated fatty acid decreased with increasing seed development.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertension ; β-adrenoreceptors ; lymphocytes ; man
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1283-1285 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: cerebral microcirculation ; hypertension
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  • 33
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    Hydrobiologia 111 (1984), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nutrient enrichment ; yield coefficient ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; mass culturing ; phytoplankton ; sea water
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Natural phytoplankton of Cabo Frio area was grown in 42 m-deep artificially upwelled seawater enriched with increasing concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus. Respective values allowing maximum biomass, maximum uptake of initial reserve and maximum yield coefficient are rather conflicting. Notwithstanding, respective values of 75 µg at 1−1 nitrogen and 5 µg at 1−1 phosphorus, and therefore N:P = 15, appeared to be the best compromise for initial nutrient levels.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: enrichment ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton ; tropical reservoir
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    Notes: Abstract The effects of enrichment with phosphate (0–500 µg. 1−1) and forms of nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia an and urea) (0–3500 µgg. −1) on the phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir (Brazil) were studied in July, 1979. Suspended matter, chlorophyll a, cell concentrations and the carotenoid:cchlorophyll ratio were estimated following 14 days of ‘in situ’ incubation. Phosphate alone caused no significant effects, but enrichment with nitrogen caused a substantial increase on the growth of phytoplankton. Comparison between the different forms of nitrogen showed insignificant effects after their additions with 350 µg. −1 and in combination with phosphate. However, when nitrogen was added in large quantities (3 500 µg. −1), significant differences between the nitrogeneous forms were found, with urea causing the strongest effect. In July, nitrogen is mhe main limiting nutrient to phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir.
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 371-382 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; dry areas ; apparent recovery fraction ; fertilizer management
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Agronomic efficiency (AE) is defined as the increase in economic yield of a crop per unit fertilizer applied. Components of AE are physiological efficiency and apparent recovery fraction. The latter can be further separated into uptake efficiency and availability index. Ways to increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rainfed agriculture through fertilizer management are discussed.
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  • 36
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    Hydrobiologia 112 (1984), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: reed ; harvest ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; redox potential ; oxygen
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of the effects of repeated winter harvest and removal of dry reed culms on water and sediment chemistry was made in a shallow lake dominated by closed, monospecific reed stands. The oxygen concentration and redox potential in the water, as well as temperature, showed regular diurnal fluctuations inside the reed stands. Ammonium and nitrate + nitrite did not exhibit diurnal fluctuations and differences between a harvested and an unharvested reed area were small. Molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) concentration was higher in the unharvested area. Because the winter harvest caused an almost doubling of shoot production compared to the unharvested area, net addition of reed litter (leaves, stubble and culms) to the sediment of the harvested area was similar to that of the unharvested area. It is concluded that removal of reed culms in winter has the largest effect on microclimate in spring, and that the rate of mineralization and reducing intensity in the substrate are not immediately affected. Significantly higher summer standing crop of reed after harvest may have caused lower phosphate concentration in the water column and sediment interstitial water.
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  • 37
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Araceae ; Hapaline ; Hapale ; Phymatarum ; Bucephalandra ; Flora of Borneo ; East Malaysia ; Sarawak
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of newly collected and cultivated material full descriptions and illustrations are presented forHapaline appendiculata Ridl. andPhymatarum borneense M. Hotta.
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  • 38
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 67-71 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Veronica fridericae spec. nova ; V. acrotheca ; V. farinosa ; V. armena ; V. multifida ; V. jacquinii ; V. caucasica ; V. filifolia ; V. oltensis ; Flora of Turkey
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    Notes: Abstract Veronica fridericae spec. nova, described from the type locality in the S.E. Turkish province Van, is related toV. acrotheca andV. farinosa, both endemic to W. Iran. All 8 perennial species with pinnatifid leaves in S.W. Asia are presented in a key.
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  • 39
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 165-177 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliales ; Annonaceae ; Cytotaxonomy ; somatic chromosome numbers ; original basic chromosome number
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers of 42 species and 3 varieties from 24 genera of theAnnonaceae have been determined (Table 1); reports for 15 of the genera are new. Among Asian genera 2n = 14 occurs only in the specializedMezzettia, while 2n = 16 is wide-spread and also has been found inAnaxagorea with some primitive characters. 2n = 18 is reported for 11 genera, and tetraploidy (2n = 36) has been observed inPolyalthia. Therefore, an original basic number of x = 8 or x = 9 is suggested at least for the Asian genera of theAnnonaceae.—Cytotaxonomical notes on the critical speciesPolyalthia rumphii andP. affinis are given, and the new combinationNeouvaria parallelivenia (Boerl.)Okada & Ueda is proposed.
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  • 40
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 209-220 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticum ; Elytrigia ; wheat ; Evolution ; genome ; karyotype
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lengths of the A, B, and D genomes of common wheat,Triticum aestivum, were measured from the karyotype. Relative to the B genome, standardized as length 1.000, the lengths of the A and D genomes were 0.835 and 0.722, respectively. The lengths of the chromosome arms in the A and D genomes were then multiplied by the appropriate constants so that the total lengths of each genome also equalled 1.000. These calculations revealed that homoeologous chromosomes in wheat, with a few exceptions, have similar sizes and arm ratios. The arm lengths of the three homoeologues in each homoeologous group were then averaged. These average chromosomes turned out to be remarkably similar, in size and arm ratio, to their homoeologues in the E genome ofElytrigia elongata. This evidence and data on cross-compatibility and morphological characteristics suggested that the genusTriticum is a result of adaptive radiation from the perennial genusElytrigia, specifically from the complex of species possessing the E genome or one closely related to it.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Geraniaceae ; Erodium ; Monsonia ; Geranium ; Taxonomic revision ; Flora of Egypt
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A key is provided for the 14Erodium species of the Egyptian flora. The important differential chracters of leaf, inflorescence, flower, and fruit are discussed and illustrated.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops longissima ; Cytogenetics ; homoeologous relationships ; chromosome substitutions ; translocations
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    Notes: Abstract The relationships of three wheat-Aegilops longissima chromosome addition lines A, C, and D with homoeologous wheat chromosomes were studied in PMC meiosis. Substitutions of alien chromosome A for wheat chromosome 6 B, chromosome C for 1 B and chromosome D for 4 B were obtained. The production of 4 BS/C and 7 BS/D chromosome translocations indicated cytogenetic relationships of C partially to homoeologous wheat chromosomes of group 1 and 4, and D partially to homoeologous wheat chromosomes of group 4 and 7.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 15-28 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Gramineae ; Hordeum spontaneum ; Wild gene pool ; factor analysis ; numerical taxonomy
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Samples from 11 populations of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, from Israel, were examined for morphological variation in a “common garden” plot design. Earliness traits had the highest between population variation of all traits studied. No relationship was found between dimensions of leaves and size of seeds.—Using numerical taxonomy methods, four races were found, which correspond to the geographical and environmental range of the species in Israel. It is concluded thatH. spontaneum shows a well developed tendency toward formation of highly adaptive races rather than exhibiting clinical variation.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Porcelia goyazensis ; Annona reticulata ; Winteraceae ; Drimys brasiliensis ; Giemsa C-banding ; structural heterozygosity ; karyotype evolution in tropical woody plants
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    Notes: Abstract InPorcelia goyazensis (2n = 18) Giemsa C-banding patterns differ from those ofAnnona reticulata (2n = 14) and reveal structural heterozygosity. The amplitude of karyological variation in theAnnonaceae is greater than expected for a “primitive” woody family. In a comparison with other tropical angiosperm groups, the highly differentiated karyotype ofDrimys brasiliensis (2n = 86) is interpreted as being the end-point of numerous karyological changes.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 55-77 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Acanthaceae ; Bignoniaceae ; Bombacaceae ; Caesalpiniaceae ; Caryocaraceae ; Chrysobalanaceae ; Fabaceae ; Lobeliaceae ; Lythraceae ; Malvaceae ; Marcgraviaceae ; Mimosaceae ; Musaceae ; Onagraceae ; Orchidaceae ; Passifloraceae ; Proteaceae ; Rubiaceae ; Solanaceae ; Tiliaceae ; Zingiberaceae ; Flower nectar ; amino acids ; sugars ; evolutionary significance ; pollination biology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Individual amino acids and sugars from flower nectar of 32 plant species with different pollination systems were quantified and compared. Data show that there is no correlation between sugar and amino acid concentration. Furthermore there is no correlation between composition and concentration of amino acids and evolutionary advancement, nor any direct relation with pollination systems. However, higher sugar concentrations are often linked with more advanced morphological characters. Nectars from pierced or damaged flowers or nectars contaminated with pollen exhibit modifications and increases in amino acid composition. The presence of proline probably indicates such pollen contamination. Most pollinating animals depend on flower nectar in their energetic requirements, yet innumerable alternative amino acid and protein sources exist. Future research has to consider the relationship between nutritional requirements of pollinating animals and dependence on flower nectars.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 135-153 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Senecio vulgaris ; S. vernalis ; Autotetraploidy ; self-compatibility ; annual weeds
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Senecio vulgaris L. (2n = 40) is suggested to be of autotetraploid origin fromS. vernalis Waldst. & Kit. (2n = 20). This conclusion is based on results obtained from experimental hybridisations and cytological observations, and the consideration of morphological affinities, patterns of geographical distribution and hybrid formation under natural conditions. The morphological differences between the two species are related to a difference in the breeding system. WhilstS. vernalis is self-incompatible,S. vulgaris is self-compatible and strongly self-pollinating. Equally, other self-pollinating taxa traditionally associated withS. vulgaris are shown to have evolved independently from outbreeding relatives. Within a narrow frame of relationship, annual weeds have evolved in different cytotaxonomic circumstances.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 165-168 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Datura innoxia ; Haploidy ; diploidy ; triploidy ; tetraploidy ; hexaploidy ; amino acid composition
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    Notes: Abstract In haploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes of the scopalamine-yieldingDatura innoxia, the amino acid profiles were studied. The results suggest that the amino acid composition is influenced quantitatively by increasing ploidy levels, but in an irregular way.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Saxifragales ; Cunoniales ; Brunelliaceae ; Brunellia comocladiifolia ; B. mexicana ; Theales ; Caryocaraceae ; Caryocar brasiliense ; C. microcarpum ; C. villosum ; Karyosystematics ; paleopolyploidy ; tropical woody plants
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    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are polyploid, 2n = 28 inBrunellia comocladiifolia andB. mexicana, and 2n = 46 inCaryocar brasiliense, C. microcarpum andC. villosum. The chromosome are small in both genera, with a length of ca. 1,6-0,4µm. Interphase nuclei correspond to the prochromosomal and the chromocentric type, respectively. This is in conformance with the systematic placement ofBrunelliaceae intoCunoniales, and ofCaryocaraceae intoTheales. Brunellia exhibits affinities to various other orders ofRosidae (andHamamelididae), and is suggested to be primarily apetalous. On a comparative basis, the chromosome numbers found in both families are interpreted as paleopolyploid (4 x and 6 x). This apparently is in correspondence with their rather primitive features, systematic isolation, relatively depauperate status, and evidently great age.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ranunculaceae ; Aconitum ; Seed morphology ; seed coat SEM microcharacteristics ; taxonomic importance ; adaptative ecological significance
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    Notes: Abstract The seed coat morphology, investigated in taxa representative of the main European groups ofAconitum, are in good agreement with the current taxonomy of the genus. The seed coat microcharacteristics (warty epidermal cells) are very constant. There is a trend for the reduction of longitudinal wings on the edges concomitant with the development of ridges and transverse wings on the faces. Another morphological progression leads from smooth to rugulose and eventually to transverse wing-bearing seed faces. A working hypothesis suggests an ecological adaptative significance to these changes.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Theaceae ; Camellia japonica ; Allozymes ; polyploidy ; origin of cultivars
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    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic examination of allozymes from 189Camellia japonica cultivars revealed some banding patterns not explainable by codominant diploid genetics. At several loci encoding dimeric enzymes, 5 and 6 banded patterns were observed in 7 cultivars. These patterns are interpreted as resulting from triploidy or aneuploidy, where three variant alleles code for products which are electrophoretically distinguishable and associate to form three homodimers and three heterodimers. The presence of allozyme multiplicity in these clones suggests a sexual rather than a somatic mode of triploid origin.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 243-258 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Lactuceae ; Microseris ; Canalized numbers ; additive polygenes ; evolutionary genetics ; pappus parts ; leaf shape ; isoenzymes
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    Notes: Abstract CrossingMicroseris pygmaea (10 pappus parts) withM. bigelovii (5 pappus parts) results in hybrids with variable pappus part numbers between 5 and 10. Previous work has shown that a system of four additively acting genes determines the average pappus part numbers of these hybrids. In hybrid B87 two genes have a 10-determining and a 5-determining allele each, two others a 5-determining and a null (inactive or missing) allele. Genetic linkage of one of the latter with the enzyme geneEsterase-1 and the leaf shape genespatulate leaves has been demonstrated. Here we demonstrate linkage between one of the two 10-determining genes and the enzyme locusEsterase- Y/B. The genotypes in the pappus part system of many specimens can now be fully determined. This is a major advance for the analysis of the evolution of this additive polygenic system.
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  • 52
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Caryophyllaceae ; Silene latifolia ; S. alba ; S. pratensis ; Geographic variation ; racial differentiation ; clines ; morphological variation ; flavone glycosylation genes ; principal components analysis ; cluster analysis ; Flora of Europe
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological and biochemical data were analysed from 30 greenhouse-grown populations of EuropeanSilene latifolia. Six separate character sets (flavones, seed, pollen, capsules, male and female flower morphology) were used in the analyses. There was broad-scale congruence between trends of geographic variation in most character sets, with the populations being assigned to western (or southern and western) and eastern clusters. The eastern and western clusters abut along a transition zone that runs roughly from Belgium to the northern Balkans; this zone represents a region of relatively rapid change and contains populations intermediate between the eastern and western clusters. Variation in flower morphology was weak and discordant with variation in the other character sets. The origin and maintenance of the variation pattern is discussed in terms of migrational history and “hybrid zones”.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 145 (1984), S. 291-309 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Brassicaceae ; Biscutella variegata complex ; B. laevigata complex ; Chromosome numbers ; variation ; aneuploidy and polyploidy ; chromosomal imbalance ; protogyny ; inbreeders and outbreeders
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    Notes: Abstract Chromosome counts were determined for 46 populations ofBiscutella representing 28 taxa. The genus was found to contain diploid taxa with 2n = 12, 16 and 18, tetraploid taxa with 2n = 36 and hexaploid taxa having 2n = 54.B. laevigata L. s. l. consists of diploid and tetraploid populations which are poorly differentiated morphologically. TetraploidB. laevigata s. l. and hexaploidB. variegata Boiss. & Reuter (s. l.) are characterized by chromosomal instability. The variation in chromosome numbers and the occurrence of polyploidy is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the genus. An investigation of the breeding system showed that most of the annual species were self-compatible and partly inbreeding and most of the perennial species self-incompatible and, therefore, outbreeding, while one annual species,B. cichoriifolia Loisel., showed both systems.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Hyacinthaceae ; Scilla peruviana ; Gene mapping ; restriction enzymes ; ribosomal RNA genes ; rRNA/DNA hybridization ; polyploidy
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    Notes: Abstract Scilla peruviana biotypes have different chromosome numbers due to changes in the nucleolar chromosomes and polyploidy. We have examined two diploid (2n = 15 and 2n = 16) and two tetraploid biotypes (2n = 28 and 2n = 32). From the results of rRNA/DNA filter hybridizations it appears that rDNA percentages of the diploid biotypes are, approximately, 2.2-fold higher than those of the tetraploid biotypes. To examine the rRNA gene structure we have utilizedSouthern blot hybridization after DNA digestions with three restriction enzymes: Eco RI, Hind III and Bam HI. From the band analysis of both single and double digestions it has been possible to reveal the presence, in the diploid biotypes, of three gene types, heterogeneous both for length and for nucleotide sequences in the external spacer. The three rRNA genes are 12 600, 12 700, and 12 800 base pairs long and they have a different position of the Hind III sites in the external spacer. On the other hand, a single gene type of 12 600 base pairs, identical to the first type of the diploid biotypes, surprisingly exists in the tetraploid biotypes. Considerations on the rRNA gene regulation and evolution are made.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 13-30 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rutaceae ; Chromosome number ; karyotaxonomy ; base number ; karyotype variation ; literature critique
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    Notes: Abstract Detailed chromosome counts have been made in 61 species, belonging to 33 genera ofRutaceae. 30 of these species are reported here for the first time. For 18 species at least one previous publication gives a chromosome number differing from that reported here. Such discrepancies are, in most cases, due to errors in counting or identification of the material. By critically reviewing the literature on each particular case, it appears possible to eliminate most of the false data. On the basis of the present results, the base number x = 10 is proposed for the genusRuta.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 47-55 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Chromosomes ; polyploidy ; karyosystematics ; cytotaxonomy
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    Notes: Abstract Information and illustrations on somatic chromosomes, structure of interphase nuclei and hair development are presented for 9 genera and 14 species ofAnnonaceae. A few suggestions tend to improve the unsatisfactory current classification. The spectrum of polyploids found in the family ranges from neo- to meso- and paleopolyploids.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 87-104 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Iridaceae ; Sisyrinchieae ; Tigridieae ; Trimezieae ; Basic numbers ; chromosome size ; karyotypes ; polyploidy ; karyotypic asymmetry ; bimodality ; DNA increase ; chromosome evolution
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    Notes: Abstract Although the South AmericanIridaceae are cytologically diverse, three tribes are distinguishable on the basis of karyotype morphology. TheSisyrinchieae andTrimezieae have variable basic numbers, ploidy levels and chromosome sizes, while theTigridieae are characterized by a relatively uniform basic number and bimodal karyotype. Changes in chromosome size within genera may suggest fluctuations in their DNA amount with latitude and altitude, particularly inSisyrinchium. The results are considered in terms of opportunities for more detailed research.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Embryology ; megagametophyte ; antipodals proliferation
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    Notes: Abstract The structure of the grasses megagametophyte is considered to be characteristic enough as to deserve a particular place in the megagametophyte typology. Furthermore, it is compared with those of other Monocotyledonous families to point out embryological affinities.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 105-116 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Myrtales ; Oliniaceae ; Olinia ; Embryology ; reproductive anatomy ; systematics
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    Notes: Abstract Two of the five species ofOliniaceae (Olinia emarginata andO. ventosa), a monotypic and problematic family of theMyrtales, were investigated embryologically.Oliniaceae clearly agree with otherMyrtales in their basic embryological characteristics, and are characterized further by having an ephemeral endothecium, a campylotropous ovule, and a thick, three-five-layered, outer integument. A combination of these three characteristic features is unknown elsewhere inMyrtales, so that embryological features do not support a close relationship with any other member of the order. Shared distinctive anther characteristics (i.e. ephemeral endothecium) suggest thatOliniaceae are derived from the common ancestor ofCrypteroniaceae s. str.,Rhynchocalycaceae, Alzateaceae, andPenaeaceae.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lamiaceae ; Salvia tuxtlensis spec. nova ; Flora of Mexico
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    Notes: Abstract Salvia tuxtlensis, sp. n., is immediately recognized by its semipersistent bracts and yellow flowers. Its affinities are not clear. It is endemic to the Soteapan area in the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, in Veracruz, Mexico.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 123-139 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Boraginaceae ; Rochelia ; Rochelia disperma ; Gynoecial development ; fruit development ; pseudomonomery ; systematics ; evolutionary trends
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    Notes: Abstract The ontogeny of the gynoecium ofRochelia disperma has been investigated by LM and SEM. From the floral apex only one carpel primordium arises abaxially and eventually shifts into a subterminal position. Neither an initial stadium of a second carpel nor an adaxial vascular strand in gynobase and style could be observed. InR. stylaris two vascular strands run through the style and two undifferentiated lobes in adaxial position may be regarded as rudimentary mericarps. Only from comparison with related taxa the conclusion can be drawn thatRochelia is really pseudomonomerous, more so inR. disperma than inR. stylaris. The primary gynoecial bulge splits up into three parts inR. disperma: style/stigma, nutlets with gynobase, and disc. While the mericarps originate in mostBoraginoideae from the symplicate region and the ascidiate one is restricted to the very basal parts, inR. disperma the ascidiate part extends and forms the nutlets. The hood-shaped mouth of the carpel (the plicate zone) is closed to a triangular slit in lateral position, the stigma. The nutlets are triangular with broad base and do not surround the adaxial part of the gynobase inR. disperma, R. persica, R. bungei, R. stylaris, andR. macrocalyx. In contrast,R. peduncularis, R. cardiosepala, andR. cancellata have nutlets clasping the gynobase; they may be more closely related than was assumed up to now. The glochids ofRochelia are fascicled unicellular hairs (with different shapes) and not emergences as in theCynoglosseae. There is an evolutionary trend towards fruit formation with only one mericarp, especially inR. disperma.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 171-179 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rosaceae ; Fragaria ; Restitution ; microsporogenesis ; polyploidy ; evolution
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    Notes: Abstract Double restitution has been observed cytologically for the first time in microsporogenesis of a F1 hybridFragaria virginiana ×F. chiloensis ♂. Restitution is probably due to irregularities affecting the spindle mechanism. Single or double restitution may depend upon the duration of the effect or upon the stage of meiosis affected. The occurrence of triades is indicative of a possible intracellular diversity. Although the reason which may cause restitution remains to be ascertained, maternal inheritance indicates an extrachromosomal cause.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 181-195 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Myrtales ; Penaeaceae ; Penaea ; Saltera ; Embryology ; reproductive anatomy ; systematics
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    Notes: Abstract Two species ofPenaeaceae (Penaea mucronata andSaltera sarcocolla), a unique South African family ofMyrtales, were investigated embryologically.Penaeaceae clearly agrees with otherMyrtales in its basic embryological characteristics, and further is characterized by its highly specialized features: ephemeral endothecium, 16-nucleatePenaea-type embryo sac, and unique ovular form. A wider range of affinities of families includingPenaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, Alzateaceae, andCrypteroniaceae sensu stricto, as well as a possible common divergence from an ancestral line leading toLythraceae and/orMelastomataceae, are discussed on embryological and other grounds.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 197-214 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cactaceae ; Epidermis ; parallelocytic stomata ; stomatal types ; classification ; survey
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    Notes: Abstract The stomatal types (i.e. the arrangement of epidermal cells in the vicinity of a stomatal pore in superficial view) have been examined in more than 150 taxa ofCactaceae, mostly using documented material. Preparations have been made by mazerating pieces of tissue with modified Jeffrey's Solution and staining with chlore-zinc-jodine.—The examined members of the subfamilyCactoideae showed parallelocytic stomata with only minor deviations in a number of cases. Members of the subfamiliesPereskioideae andOpuntioideae show parallelocytic stomata on the leaves, but the stomatas of the stem represent a different type, which apparently is not yet described. It is termed opuntioid here. In most cases the stomata are superficial but a few taxa show markedly sunken or “hidden” stomata.—In taxa of the subfamiliesPereskioideae andOpuntioideae the stomata are generally oriented parallel to the stem axis with only minor deviations. The stomata of taxa of the subfamilyCactoideae do in general not show a particular orientation with the notable exception of a number of epiphytic genera from the tribeHylocereeae.—The results of these investigations in general coincide well with the generic classification of theCactaceae byHunt (1967). A few cases where stomatal characters suggest a differing classification merit further investigations.—Additionally, the possibilities to distinguish between paracytic and parallelocytic stomata are discussed and an amended definition for the latter is given.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 265-267 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Loranthaceae ; Phthirusa adunca ; Anther wall ; endothecial thickenings
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    Notes: Abstract The thickenings in the anther wall ofPhthirusa adunca are confined to the endothecium. This observation resembles the previous report onP. pyrifolia.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 225-248 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Campanulaceae ; Canarina ; Isoplexis ; Bird pollination ; ornithophily ; Flora of Macaronesia ; Canary Islands
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    Notes: Abstract (1) On the Canary Islands and Madeira typical bird-flowers occur in at least twelve species of six genera, although true flower-birds are absent. This inconsistency is in part elucidated by field observations on exotic and wild plants of Tenerife. —(2) In the Botanical Garden of Orotava it could be observed that various ornithophilous plants, which were introduced there, were visited by indigenous birds for nectar and in one case (Orthostemon) for food tissue. Of the three bird species involved, an endemic race of Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) and resident Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) exploit, and pollinate, flowers legitimously, while the Wild Canary (Serinus canaria) is predominantly a destructive nectar robber. —(3) The insular Chiffchaff also proved to be a regular pollinator in the wild, at least ofCanarina canariensis andIsoplexis canariensis, two ornithophilous paleoendemics. Ornithophily, thus, is naturally practised on the island, though by birds basically insectivorous. —(4) A list of Macaronesian plants bearing the more or less complete ornithophilous syndrome is presented, including newly recognizedTeucrium heterophyllum andScrophularia calliantha. —(5) On biogeographical and faunistic grounds it is presumed that the modern visitors of Canarian bird flowers are secondary rather than the original partners of the continental tertiary flora in which these plants originated. Palearctic immigrants, when becoming resident on the islands during and since the Pleistocene, adopted facultative nectar feeding, entering an “orphaned” food niche. Casual flower visits in Europe suggest a certain predisposition of the Chiffchaff and the Blackcap for the exploitation of flowers. — (6) The ability of unspecialized birds to acquire nectardrinking spontaneously and to pass this habit on to their offspring, is demonstrated by a population of Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) which have visited ornithophilousKniphofia (Liliaceae) in Berlin for several years.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 1-27 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Gramineae ; Dispersal ; hygroscopic movements ; trypanocarpy ; diaspore ecology ; cerrado vegetation ; Flora of Brazil
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    Notes: Abstract 28 grass species from one hectare of cerrado vegetation in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, were studied with regard to the morphology and dispersal of their fruits. 13 species have dispersal units with smooth surfaces which are predominantly dispersed by big herbivorous mammals or birds which swallow them together with their food, e.g., during grazing (accidental endozoochory). On the other hand, smaller animals, including birds, also feed directly on the grains; some of them may escape trituration and digestion or may be even stored (synzoochory). 11 species are principally epizoochorous: 8 of these are ± exclusively adapted to epizoochory, adhering to the animals by scabrid awns or sharply pointed calli, while the rest behave as epizoochores and anemochores. 4 other species are predominantly anemochorous with their dispersal units bearing soft hairs, sometimes together with very small scabrid awns; in a wet state they also can adhere to animals (occasional epizoochory). Beside this, most grass fruits can behave as passive ballists, as passing animals, wind and rain may cause their dispersal units to fall to the ground (passive autochory). — Among the 28 species, 12 have dispersal units which are awned. In 7 of them the awns are spirally twisted; the base of the dispersal unit runs out into a sharply pointed callus and has harpoone-like hairs. These awns show hygroscopical movements which may lead to a drilling of the basal part of the dispersal unit into the sandy cerrado soil. This trypanocarpy is important for establishment but without function for dispersal.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 55-61 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Bombacaceae ; Malvaceae ; Hampea nutricia ; Seed morphology and anatomy ; aril
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    Notes: Abstract The mature seeds ofHampea nutricia are glabrous, ovoid, arillate and dark tan in colour. Longitudinal streaks on the seed surface correspond to the underlying integumentary vascular strands. Testa and tegmen are derived from the outer and inner integuments, respectively. The outer epidermis of the tegmen forms a palisade-like macrosclereid layer, the inner epidermis a fringe layer. The endosperm is single-layered and also fills the space between the two cotyledons. The embryo is nearly straight, gland-dotted; it has asymmetrical and folded cotyledons, and gossypol ducts. Systematic position ofHampea is discussed and its placement inMalvaceae is supported.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 63-78 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Exine morphology ; origin of sporophytic self-incompatibility ; palynology ; pollen wall
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    Notes: Abstract In angiosperm pollen the reticulate-perforate exine sculpturing is associated with sporophytic self-incompatibility (S.S.I.) and imperforate and microperforate exine sculpturing is associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility. The earliest unequivocal angiosperm pollen conforms to exine morphology of pollen from plants with S.S.I. The orgin of S.S.I. is hypothesized to have coincided with the appearance of what is now the earliest recognizable angiosperm pollen. Other angiosperm characteristics correlated with S.I., functional stigmatic areas, large showy flowers (or aggregated inflorescences), and passive seed dispersal, provide some insight into the biological aspects of the earliest angiosperms.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 79-90 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Onagraceae ; Oenothera hookeri ; Oe. suaveolens ; Megasporogenesis ; inheritance of callose pattern and polarity of embryo sac development ; embryology
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    Notes: Abstract The pattern of callose formation in meiotic cell walls and the order of megaspore degeneration and polarity during embryo sac development are investigated in F2-plants ofOe. hookeri ×suaveolens and the reciprocal cross. All investigated characters are variable between the ovules in the same ovary. Plants differ in the frequency of the types of callose pattern and polarity of the embryo sacs. In segregating progenies different combinations of both characters are found. The genetic basis of the polarity phenomena during the embryo sac development is discussed. In our material no correlation can be seen between the callose pattern in the surrounding wall of the meiotic cell and the development of polarity in the later stages.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 103-118 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Limonium ; Plumbaginaceae ; Numerical taxonomy ; variation ; agamospermy
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    Notes: Abstract A taxometric analysis ofLimonium species in Western Europe has provided evidence for the subgeneric groupings proposed by other authors. A cluster analysis suggests that the origin of sexual and agamospermous species has taken place separately. Sexual and agamospermous species are usually clustered separately. The lack of a sexual process in many agamospermous species, as indicated by the distribution of incompatibility morphs and by very low pollen fertility, suggests that the evolution of sexual and agamospermous taxa has been by different processes. It is suggested that following the origin of agamospermous species or species groups by hybridisation, subsequent evolution in the agamospermous taxa has occurred by asexual means. Evidence from the distribution of pollen/stigma incompatibility morphs, especially the existence of self-compatible agamospermous species supports this hypothesis.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 91-102 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Onagraceae ; Clarkia xantiana ; Electrophoresis ; isozymes ; phylogenetic models
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    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic variation in isozymes coded by 40 loci was examined in two self-pollinating populations, one with white and the other with pink flowering plants, and four outcrossing populations ofClarkia xantiana (Onagraceae) native to California. The study was carried out to test theMoore & Lewis (1965) hypothesis that the pink selfer originated from the sympatric outcrossing population and then gave rise to the white selfer. The hypothesis could be rejected if one or the other selfer was more similar genetically to an allopatric population than to the sympatric one. Both selfers were monomorphic at all loci whereas the outcrossing populations were polymorphic at nearly half of them. The two selfers had the same genes at 32 loci but had different ones at eight loci. The pink selfer was not more similar to the allopatric populations than to the sympatric one, consistent with theMoore & Lewis model. The evidence also supported their proposal that the white selfer originated from the pink one and not independently. The electrophoretic evidence was valuable because it permitted qualitative comparisons (presence versus absence of particular alleles) between the selfer and the several outcrossing populations; such analysis was not previously possible because the latter populations are morphologically and cytologically similar.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 119-123 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Melastomataceae ; Nodal and petiolar vascularization ; common gap and split laterals ; flank bridge ; cortical bundles
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    Notes: Abstract The nodal anatomy inMelastomataceae is variable. The (two times) unilacunar one trace type is wide-spread. In addition, species ofHeterocentron and ofTribouchina exhibit one pair of common gaps with split laterals. Others possess a distinct “flank bridge” of vascular tissue. Species with internodes quadrangular and four-winged in transsect exhibit up to five concentric cortical bundles per wing; they are involved in both petiolar vascularization and formation of flank bridges.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 125-131 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Betulaceae ; Betula ; Alnus ; Carpinus ; Corylus ; Wood anatomy ; vascular tracheids
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    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of vascular tracheids inBetula, Alnus, Carpinus andCorylus is reported. It is established that the cells are a consistent feature in early and late wood where they are associated with vessel elements in radial multiples. The possible function and taxonomic importance of these cells are briefly considered.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Saxifragaceae ; Bergenia cordifolia ; Gynoecium ontogenesis ; meristem incorporation ; meristem fusion
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    Notes: Abstract Scanning electron microscopical investigations of flower buds of the perennial herbBergenia cordifolia (Haw.)A. Br. (Saxifragaceae) reveal a primitive gynoecium. During ontogenesis the margins of the carpel lamina transgress on the apical cone of the axis by meristem incorporation and finally fuse with the margins of the opposite carpel. These processes of meristem incorporation and fusion first lead to gamophylly and furthermore to carpel peltation, as is demonstrated by SEM-photographs (ring-shaped dike and common septum of the two carpels). As a result of carpel peltation, the lowest point of the septum deliminates the synascidiate zone. Above this point, the symplicate and, eventually, the plicate zone follows (vid. ventral suture). The margins of the carpel lamina merely touch each other without being coalesced. The preparation of a window in the carpel's dorsal side permits a look at a massive lateral placenta (Leinfellner 1951) developing the ovules. In the lower third—in lateral position at the placenta's margin—the first ovules are seen, the next ones follow in acropetal and basipetal direction, as well as to the periphery of the placenta.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Limnanthaceae ; Limnanthes ; Biosystematics ; allozyme variation ; cluster analysis ; population divergence ; breeding system
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-one populations ofLimnanthes sect.Reflexae were surveyed for variation at 19 allozyme loci and reassessed for their morphological diversity and biosystematic relationships. Cluster analysis of allozyme data at individual population level provided evidence for a fairly good fit with the earlier systematic work on this genus but both morphological and allozyme data together defined some new clusters as well as exceptional entities. For example, only var.rosea of the fourL. douglasii varieties described byMason (1952) on the basis of geographical distribution, flower color and leaf morphology, remained as a distinct entity; the others were realigned along new geographic boundaries.L. striata appeared to have two well-developed subgroups, one of which was closely related to theL. douglasii complex. Further ecogeographic and hybridization studies are needed to fully describe these new phenetic findings in the context of phylogenetic inference. SectionInflexae was readily distinguished from sect.Reflexae by several diagnostic loci, thus supporting the validity of this division. Interspecific variation levels and population differentiation inLimnanthes were high when compared to other plant taxa, possibly indicating highly dynamic evolutionary processes for which variable habitats and extreme subdivision within species have been suggested as explanations.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 189-203 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ericaceae ; Onagraceae ; Mimosaceae ; Musaceae ; Ultrastructure ; function of pollen connecting threads and viscin threads ; palynology ; pollination ecology
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Viscin threads and other pollen connecting threads of some angiosperm families were investigated, especially those ofEricaceae. According to the definition adopted, viscin threads are ± long exinous processes which consist of exinous material and connect pollen grains or tetrads. Such viscin threads are found within theOnagraceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Ericaceae, andMimosaceae only. While they differ in structure and composition, they always consist of sporopollenin and exhibit a very strong stickiness, even after all viscid substances have been removed by acetolysis. In contrast, the pollen connecting scleroprotein threads ofOrchidaceae and the cellular threads ofStrelitzia reginae Aiton. (Musaceae) are not connected with the exine surface, are destroyed by acetolysis, and thus do not correspond to viscin threads.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 177-188 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Geraniaceae ; Pelargonium ; Chromosome numbers ; karyotypes ; microsporogenesis ; karyogeobotany ; karyotaxonomy ; karyotype evolution ; basic number
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chromosome numbers of the 24 species of sect.Pelargonium were determined from field collected and cultivated plants of known localities in S. Africa. Twelve species are diploid (2n = 22), eight tetraploid (2n = 44), one hexaploid (2n = 66), and three octoploid (2n = 88). The chromosome numbers correlate well with the proposed subdivision of sect.Pelargonium. Its chromosomes are relatively small (1.0–1.5 µm) in comparison to most of the other sections, and its diploid karyotype is considered to be primitive. The occurrence of the basic number x = 11 in this section, in other sections of the genus, and in related genera (Monsonia, Sarcocaulon) leads to the conclusion that x = 11 probably is basic for the whole genus. — The pollen meiosis, microsporogenesis and pollen fertility of the diploid species is normal, with the exception of one, possibly young taxon from the Greyton Nature Reserve. The tetraploid species could be of autoploid origin, the higher polyploids exhibit a mixed auto-alloploid nature. — The 20 diploid and tetraploid species have a relatively small distribution range, most of them occur in the SW. Cape Province of South Africa. This area may therefore be considered as the centre of origin of the genus. Three of the four high polyploid species occupy rather large areas.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 227-236 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Festuca ; Vulpia ; Hybridization ; introgression ; polyploid complex ; genome homology
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chance backcrossing to hexaploidFestuca rubra of a natural pentaploid hybridFestuca rubra ·Vulpia fasciculata to produce a hexaploid plant is described. The hexaploid derivative, unlike the pentaploid hybrid, shows a reasonable degree of fertility and is morphologically very close to normalFestuca rubra. Its existence provides a mechanism for the continued introgression ofVulpia fasciculata intoFestuca rubra, so increasing the variability of the latter. It also shows that pairing betweenFestuca rubra andVulpia fasciculata chromosomes must have taken place either in the pentaploid hybrid or in its hexaploid derivative. A possibly similar pattern of introgression involvingVulpia bromoides is also described.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Lactuceae ; Microseris ; Pappus part number ; meristic characters ; canalized numbers ; quantitative genetics ; evolutionary genetics ; marker enzymes
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    Notes: Abstract Microseris strain C34 is a hybrid between the Chilean speciesM. pygmaea (10 pappus parts) and the CalifornianM. bigelovii (5 pappus parts). The plants are propagated by selfing from the original hybrid specimen. Each plant has from 5 to 10 pappus parts per achene with an average value that is additively determined by four unlinked quantitatively acting genes. Single-gene heterozygote sublines have been obtained for two of these,pp-1 (shown to be linked to a modifier of acid phosphatase-1) andpp-4. Sublines homozygous for all four additive genes show residual genetic variation influencing pappus part number. At least one additional gene can be demonstrated by its linkage with leucine aminopeptidase-1. Lines for the further characterization of these hypostatic genes are selected.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 237-252 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cucurbitaceae ; Cucumis ; Interspecific crossability ; chromosome pairing ; pollen fertility ; phylogenetic relationship ; karyomorphology
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    Notes: Abstract Investigations on interspecific crossability in 8Cucumis species (2n = 24) and chromosome pairing and pollen fertility of their hybrids from 15 combinations have been utilized for tracing the phylogenetic relationships among these taxa and factors responsible for their differentiation. A collective evaluation of data suggests that there are three broad groups of species, one of the spiny fruited interfertile species, whose hybrids show varying degree of chromosome associations and low to high pollen fertility; the second of species with non-spiny fruits, which are completely incompatible with the former but weakly compatible with the cultivated species,C. melo L. to produce partly developed seeds, and the third group ofC. metuliferus E. Mey. exSchrad. andC. melo and its different botanical varieties. The species with spiny fruits can be further divided based on karyomorphological similarities and/or on relative genomic affinity, indicated by chromosome pairing and hybrid pollen fertility.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 253-266 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lauraceae ; Meliponinae ; Pollination ; dispersal ; reproductive biology ; dichogamy ; dioecy ; Neotropics
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    Notes: Abstract In hermaphrodite neotropicalLauraceae a highly evolved dichogamous system is present which represents a kind of temporal dioecy. This system involves the existence of two flower morphs which are characterized by reciprocal phases of receptivity of the stigmas and pollen release. In some genera (Persea, Cinnamomum), nectar is produced as a reward for the flower visitors, while in other genera (Aniba, Clinostemon, Licaria), nectar is absent and pollen seems to be the only reward. This implies that in this case the flowers in the female stage must be deceptive flowers. In dioecious species of the generaOcotea andNectandra, both the male and female flowers attract the visitors with nectar. The pollen-ovule ratio of theLauraceae is comparatively low. — The type of reproductive system that characterizes theLauraceae, comprising functional dioecy, small, inconspicuously coloured flowers, pollination by small bees, and large, one-seeded fruits dispersed by birds, is quite prominent among trees of various families in the tropical lowland forest. The relationship between the different modes of flowering within theLauraceae and the causes for the correlation of their reproductive traits are discussed.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 267-277 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliidae ; Dilleniaceae ; Hibbertia stricta ; Lasioglossum (Halictidae) ; Pollination ecology ; melittophily ; pollen flowers ; Solanum Type flowers
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The exines of pollen grains ofHibbertia stricta (DC.)R. Br. exF. Muell. (Sect.Pleurandra) wear an oily, yellow pollen coat that stains positively for lipids. The pollen is collected by asocial bees, exclusively. The most common floral foragers are members of the genusLasioglossum (subgenusChilalictus;Halictidae) and they harvest pollen via thoracic vibration. As these bees cling to the inflated anthers their pollen smeared bodies come in contact with either of the two wet, nonpapillate stigmas. The stigmas respond positively to cytochemical tests for the presence of esterase immediately following expansion of the corolla, indicating the effective pollination period. The foraging patterns of the bees are narrowly to broadly polylectic. AsH. stricta flowers are nectarless, it is not surprising that bees bearing mixed pollen loads always carry the pollen of at least one nectariferous, coblooming plant. The pollination biology ofH. stricta is compared with otherHibbertia spp. and with “pollen flowers” in general.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Bromeliaceae ; Tillandsia subg.Diaphoranthema ; new species:T. brealitoensis ; T. caliginosa ; T. cotagaitensis ; T. hirta ; new subspecies:T. gilliesii subsp.polysticha ; Flora of Bolivia and Argentina
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    Notes: Abstract 5 new taxa are described and illustrated; their position within the subgenus is discussed:T. hirta W. Till & L. Hromadnik,T. cotagaitensis L. Hromadnik,T. caliginosa W. Till, andT. gilliesii Baker subsp.polysticha W. Till & L. Hromadnik are members of a group includingT. myosura Grisebach exBaker,T. mandonii E. Morren exMez in DC.,T. retorta Grisebach exBaker em.Grisebach andT. andicola Gillies exBaker. T. brealitoensis L. Hromadnik is related toT. angulosa Mez in DC. but distinct and possibly of hybrid origin.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Uvularia ; Chromosome arrangement
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    Notes: Abstract Chromosome arrangement in interphase has been inferred from an analysis of the relative positions of the chromosomes and the chromosome arms in untreated haploid pollen grain metaphases ofUvularia grandiflora. The distances between centromeres forming the smallest possible circle were measured in 43 metaphases. The relative positions of the chromosomes did not differ significantly from randomness. Neither did similar-sized chromosome arms show any tendency to be next to each other. The results thus disagree both with the hypothesis ofComings (1968) that each chromosome occupies a definite position in the interphase nucleus and with the claim ofBennett (1982) that similar-sized chromosome arms lie next to each other.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Tetrameranthus ; Sporoderm ; exine ; intine ; aperture
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    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural and micromorphological investigations of the sporoderm ofTetrameranthus duckei pollen confirm the interpretation of this genus as being isolated within theAnnonaceae.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 327-328 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum ; L. hologynum ; L. monogynum ; Flora of Australia and Europe
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    Notes: Abstract The diploid chromosome number for the EuropeanLinum hologynum and the haploid number for the AustralianL. monogynum is 42 and appears to establish a new and distinctive base number for sect.Linum. The possession by these two species and by the AustralianL. marginale of multiporate pollen and united styles, a unique combination of features in sect.Linum, may warrant the establishment of a new subsection in that section to accommodate the three species.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Guatteriella ; G. campinensis ; spec. nova ; Guatteria ; Guatteriopsis ; Flora of Brazil
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    Notes: Abstract The investigation of new collections allow a more accurate circumscription of the genusGuatteriella which can be maintained as being closely allied toGuatteria andGuatteriopsis. A new species,G. campinensis, is added to the, so far, monotypic and little known Amazonian genus.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 25-33 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Pisum ; Karyology ; polytene chromosomes ; endopolyploidy
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    Notes: Abstract The experiments on cultured pea roots (Pisum sativum cv. ‘Alaska’ and ‘Dwarf Telephone’) are summarized in Table 1. Nuclear growth and mitosis occurred mainly in cultures in which the medium of Torrey and Shigemura was supplemented with 6 p.p.m. 2,4-D and 1 p.p.m. kinetin. The greatest reaction was observed in 16-day cultures of cv. ‘Alaska’. Nuclei had increased in size, and prophases diploid and polyploid, with normal chromosomes, diplochromosomes or larger bundles of chromatids were visible. Metaphases which ranged from 2 n to an estimated 32 n had normal chromosomes with two chromatids. Polytene chromosomes, in diploid, rarely in tetraploid number, occurred in numerous cortex cells. They did not show banding, and their telomeres, spread into individual chromatids, were attached to the nuclear membrane. In some cells the polytene chromosomes were condensed into spherical structures, obviously a stage in their falling apart; the last stage of this process is a polyploid metaphase.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Solanum tuberosum ; Allozyme variability ; polyploidy ; phylogeny
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gene frequencies at 13 isozyme loci were determined in three South American taxa of cultivated potatoes [the diploid group (gp.) Stenotomum, the diploid subgroups (subgp.) Goniocalyx, and the tetraploid gp. Andigena ofS. tuberosum], in the diploid weed speciesS. sparsipilum, and in most of the main cultivars now raised in the Northern Hemisphere (the tetraploid gp. Tuberosum ofS. tuberosum). High levels of genetic variability (mean number of alleles per locus, percentage of polymorphic loci, and mean heterozygosity) were detected, being higher in tetraploid potatoes. An equilibrium among the evolutionary factors which increase genetic variability and artificial selection for maximum yield would explain the high uniformity of heterozygosity values we observed in both Andigena (0.36 ± 0.02) and Tuberosum (0.38 ± 0.01) cultivars.—The low value of genetic distance (D = 0.044) between Stenotomum and Goniocalyx does not support the status of species forS. goniocalyx.—In most isozyme loci, the electromorphs of gp. Andigena were a combination of those found in both gp. Stenotomum andS. sparsipilum, suggesting an amphidiploid origin of gp. Andigena from that two diploid taxa. The presence in Andigena of unique electromorphs, which were lacking in both gp. Stenotomum andS. sparsipilum, suggests that other diploid species could be also implied in the origin of tetraploid Andean potatoes. Furthermore, since Andigena were more related to Stenotomum (D = 0.052) than toS. sparsipilum (D = 0.241), the autopolyploidization of Stenotomum individuals and the subsequent hybridization with gp. Andigena may also have occurred. Thus, our study suggests a multiple origin (amphidiploidy, autoploidy, and hybridization at tetraploid level) of gp. Andigena.—Most of the electromorphs of gp. Tuberosum were also found in gp. Andigena; both the direct derivation of that group from the Andean tetraploid potatoes and the repeated introgression provided by breeding programmes could explain this result. However, the allele c of Pgm-B, present in 30 out of 76 Tuberosum cultivars from Northern Hemisphere as well as in 3 Chilean Tuberosum cultivars, lacks in the 258 Andigena genotypes sampled, suggesting that Chilean germplasm could have taken part in the origin of at least the 39% of the potato cultivars from Europe and North America analyzed here.—The distanceWagner procedure provides an estimate of a 30% of heterogeneity in the evolutionary divergence shown by different groups of cultivated potatoes. Diploid groups show a higher (22.5%) evolutionary rate than tetraploids, which can be attributed to both tetrasomic inheritance and facultative autofecundation that exists in Andigena and Tuberosum groups. Thus, artificial selection acting since 10000 years has not resulted in a higher rate of molecular evolution at the isozyme level in the tetraploids.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 89-102 
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    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ranunculaceae ; Ranunculus ; R. cantoniensis ; R. chinensis ; R. silerifolius ; Cytotaxonomy ; cytotypes ; hybridization ; polyploidization ; fertility ; species structure ; speciation
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    Notes: Abstract Both diploid and tetraploid experimental interspecific hybrids betweenRanunculus silerifolius (2x) andR. chinensis (2x) exhibit normal bivalent pairing. However, microspores of diploid hybrids do not undergo mitosis and their pollen grains are highly sterile, whereas tetraploid hybrids form good pollen grains after microspore division. Evidence is forwarded for the assumption thatR. cantoniensis (4x) has originated by hybridization between these two diploid parental species and by polyploidization of the diploid hybrids. Parallelisms between the different karyotypes ofR. cantoniensis (4x) andR. silerifolius (2x) suggest that the former is a species of polyphyletic origin.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 119-134 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Iridaceae ; Crocus ; C. speciosus ; Embryo sac ; intraspecific hybrids ; chromosome numbers ; karyotypes
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    Notes: Abstract A detailed description of female reproductive structures inCrocus is given, using three different techniques: wax embedding and sectioning, SEM, and observation of cleared ovules by interference contrast microscopy. The results of this examination, and a chromosomal investigation of the intraspecific hybrids obtained by crossing specimens ofC. speciosus of different karyotypes, are used to test the hypothesis thatCrocus is apomictic. Although facultative diplospory cannot be entirely ruled out, it is suggested that apomixis is an unlikely explanation from the unusual amount of chromosomal variation found in some species ofCrocus, and alternative causes are discussed.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1984), S. 149-164 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Lactuceae ; Microseris ; Heterocarpy ; organ differentiation ; polygenic inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Microseris B87 is derived from a single hybrid specimen betweenM. pygmaea with few, weakly hairy peripheral achenes and aM. bigelovii with many, strongly hairy peripheral achenes. Offspring through the F4 and F5 generations obtained by spontaneous selfing were analyzed for the segregation of quantitative and qualitative characters relating to achene dimorphism. The phenotypic effects of two previously identified unlinked genes determining the relative number of outer achenes are characterized in partially and completely homozygous sublines. We show that two morphological markers genetically linked to one of these genes are themselves regulated by the system inducing heterocarpy. Not more than two more unlinked genes are involved in the genetic basis of the heterocarpic response. The interaction of these genes in determining the heterocarpy phenotypes is discussed in the framework of a model postulating genes for a morphogen gradient across the capitulum and genes responding to this gradient.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Gentianaceae ; Nodal anatomy ; leaf base vascularization
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    Notes: Abstract As a rule,Gentianaceae exhibit a “double” unilacunar nodal pattern. Upon leaving the lacun, the complex leaf trace divides first into three branches, and then into five or more bundles which become the leaf veins. OnlyGentiana lutea (andG. punctata) as well asMenyanthes trifoliata differ from all other species investigated by their multilacunar nodes. BothCentaurium andOrphium within the cortex form a completely closed bundle ring around the nodal flanks from smaller bundles which depart from the lateral branches of the complex leaf traces.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Allium ; N. American species ; Giemsa C-banding ; karyotypes ; species relationships N. America ; Europe
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    Notes: Abstract The somatic karyotypes of six North AmericanAllium species and the EuropeanA. scorzonerifolium have been investigated using a Giemsa C-banding technique. All species have a chromosome number of 2n = 14. InA. scorzonerifolium and the three North American speciesA. dichlamydeum, A. fibrillum andA. unifolium C-bands are restricted to two pairs of nucleolar chromosomes. Each chromosome has a band proximal to the nucleolar constriction and a positively banded satellite. InA. acuminatum, in addition to the bands associated with the nucleolar constrictions, all chromosomes also have pericentromeric bands.A. cernuum exhibits a distinctive banding style: two chromosome pairs with bands adjacent to the nucleolar constrictions and four pairs with telomeric bands on their short arms. In the karyotype ofA. geyeri neither C-bands nor nucleolar chromosomes were found.—A comparison of the banding styles together with other cytological and morphological characters of these species with old world members ofAllium reveals:A. cernuum closely resembles species within subgenusRhizirideum, whereas the other species studies exhibit many similarities with subgenusMolium. Their sectional grouping and their relationships with Old World species are discussed.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 53-58 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Plumbaginaceae ; Aegialitis annulata ; A. rotundifolia ; Plumbago rosea ; Monomorphic pollen ; exine sculpturing ; systematic position
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    Notes: Abstract Light and first SEM observations on the pollen ofAegialitis indicate that the two species of the genus are clearly distinguishable from all other genera of the tribeStaticeae to whichAegialitis presently is relegated. Intraspecific exine or aperture dimorphism which appears frequently in this tribe, is not recorded in this genus.A. annulata andA. rotundifolia have distinct monomorphic pollen and show a great resemblance in exine features with the tribePlumbagineae, particularly species ofPlumbago. Considering these and other features, separate subtribal status forAegialitis within thePlumbagineae is proposed.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 83-97 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Onagraceae ; Oenothera hookeri ; Oe. suaveolens ; Oe. biennis ; Megasporogenesis ; megaspore competition ; starch deposits ; callose pattern ; polarity
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    Notes: Abstract New data on the development of polarity in the ovules during megasporogenesis and early stages of embryo sac development inOenothera-hybrids are presented. It is confirmed that allOe. hookeri-hybrids show a strong tendency to form heteropolar tetrads, with the micropylar megaspore developing into an embryo sac. This preference is seen in the delay of the second meiotic division on the chalazal side, the absence of callose in the lateral wall of the micropylar megaspore, and the accumulation of starch in this megaspore. However, homopolar tetrads, chalazal preference, and ovules with two developing embryo sacs are also observed with considerable frequency. Quantitative data on the frequency of the different developmental types are compared with earlier genetic results about competition in the haplophase. There is sufficiently good agreement to support the hypothesis ofRenner that there is a correlation between the developmental processes in the megaspore tetrad and the genetic phenomena of competition in the haplophase.
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    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 149-150 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Campanulaceae ; Campanula schimaniana spec. nova ; Flora of Afghanistan and of Pakistan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Campanula schimaniana is a new species of sect.Campanula subsect.Rupestres, distributed in the westernmost mountains affected by monsoon.
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    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 151-153 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Compositae ; Asteraceae-Heliantheae ; Calea ; Chromosome numbers ; polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are reported for six taxa ofCalea, among them tetraploidC. septuplinervia, the only known polyploid inCalea s. str. The base chromosome number ofCalea is interpreted as x = 19.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 144 (1984), S. 155-163 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Leguminosae ; Fabaceae ; Caesalpinioideae ; Mimosoideae ; Faboideae ; Phaseolus coccineus ; Serological systematics ; seed proteins ; phytohaemagglutinin ; vicilin ; phaseolin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An immunosystematical research was conducted on the seed proteins of 32 species ofFabaceae. By comparing all immunelectrophoretic patterns with the self reaction of a reference system (Phaseolus coccineus) all proteins detected have been identified and their distribution within the family has been analyzed. Half of the proteins identified inP. coccineus gave positive cross reactions with proteins present in all other species. Among this group are “protein I” and “phaseolin”. This result supports the homologization between phaseolin and vicilin. Among the other proteins, three are irregularly distributed throughout the family, and only three are restricted to a few taxa. This last group includes phytohaemagglutinin, which does not present any cross reaction outside the tribePhaseoleae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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