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  • Nature Publishing Group  (363,432)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (241,959)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1
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    Reassessing the need for carbon dioxide removal: moral implications of alternative climate target pathways (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: Non-technical summary Scenarios compatible with the Paris agreement's temperature goal of 1.5 °C involve carbon dioxide removal measures - measures that actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere - on a massive scale. Such large-scale implementations raise significant ethical problems. Van Vuuren et al. (2018), as well as the current IPCC scenarios, show that reduction in energy and or food demand could reduce the need for such activities. There is some reluctance to discuss such societal changes. However, we argue that policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily ethically problematic. Therefore, they should be discussed alongside techno-optimistic approaches in any kind of discussions about how to respond to climate change. Technical summary The 1.5 °C goal has given impetus to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures, such as bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage, or afforestation. However, land-based CDR options compete with food production and biodiversity protection. Van Vuuren et al. (2018) looked at alternative pathways including lifestyle changes, low-population projections, or non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation, to reach the 1.5 °C temperature objective. Underlined by the recently published IPCC AR6 WGIII report, they show that demand-side management measures are likely to reduce the need for CDR. Yet, policy measures entailed in these scenarios could be associated with ethical problems themselves. In this paper, we therefore investigate ethical implications of four alternative pathways as proposed by Van Vuuren et al. (2018). We find that emission reduction options such as lifestyle changes and reducing population, which are typically perceived as ethically problematic, might be less so on further inspection. In contrast, options associated with less societal transformation and more techno-optimistic approaches turn out to be in need of further scrutiny. The vast majority of emission reduction options considered are not intrinsically ethically problematic; rather everything rests on the precise implementation. Explicitly addressing ethical considerations when developing, advancing, and using integrated assessment scenarios could reignite debates about previously overlooked topics and thereby support necessary societal discourse. Social media summary Policy measures enabling societal changes are not necessarily as ethically problematic as commonly presumed and reduce the need for large-scale CDR
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  • 2
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    Unveiling the wasp-waist structure of the Falkland shelf ecosystem: the role of Doryteuthis gahi as a keystone species and its trophic influences (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: The Falkland Shelf is a highly productive ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by upwelling oceanographic dynamics and displays a wasp-waist structure, with few intermediate trophic-level species and many top predators that migrate on the shelf for feeding. One of these resident intermediate trophic-level species, the Patagonian longfin-squid Doryteuthis gahi, is abundant and plays an important role in the ecosystem. We used two methods to estimate the trophic structure of the Falkland Shelf food web, focusing on the trophic niche of D. gahi and its impacts on other species and functional groups to highlight the importance of D. gahi in the ecosystem. First, stable isotope measurements served to calculate trophic levels based on an established nitrogen baseline. Second, an Ecopath model was built to corroborate trophic levels derived from stable isotopes and inform about trophic interactions of D. gahi with other functional groups. The results of both methods placed D. gahi in the centre of the ecosystem with a trophic level of ∼ 3. The Ecopath model predicted high impacts and therefore a high keystoneness for both seasonal cohorts of D. gahi. Our results show that the Falkland Shelf is not only controlled by species feeding at the top and the bottom of the trophic chain. The importance of species feeding at the third trophic level (e.g. D. gahi and Patagonotothen ramsayi) and observed architecture of energy flows confirm the ecosystem's wasp-waist structure with middle-out control mechanisms at play.
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  • 3
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    Selective Sorting and Degradation of Permafrost Organic Matter in the Nearshore Zone of Herschel Island (Yukon, Canada) (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(1), ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Erosion of permafrost coasts due to climate warming releases large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean. While burial of permafrost OC in marine sediments potentially limits degradation, resuspension of sediments in the nearshore zone potentially enhances degradation and greenhouse gas production, adding to the “permafrost carbon feedback.” Recent studies, focusing on bulk sediments, suggest that permafrost OC derived from coastal erosion is predominantly deposited close to shore. However, bulk approaches disregard sorting processes in the coastal zone, which strongly influence the OC distribution and fate. We studied soils and sediments along a transect from the fast‐eroding shoreline of Herschel Island—〈jats:italic〉Qikiqtaruk〈/jats:italic〉 (Yukon, Canada) to a depositional basin offshore. Sample material was fractionated by density (1.8 g cm〈jats:sup〉−3〈/jats:sup〉) and size (63 μm), separating loose OC from mineral‐associated OC. Each fraction was analyzed for element content (TOC, TN), carbon isotopes (δ〈jats:sup〉13〈/jats:sup〉C, Δ〈jats:sup〉14〈/jats:sup〉C), molecular biomarkers (〈jats:italic〉n〈/jats:italic〉‐alkanes, 〈jats:italic〉n〈/jats:italic〉‐alkanoic acids, lignin phenols, cutin acids), and mineral surface area. The OC partitioning between fractions changes considerably along the transect, highlighting the importance of hydrodynamic sorting in the nearshore zone. Additionally, OC and biomarker loadings decrease along the land‐ocean transect, indicating significant loss of OC during transport. However, molecular proxies for degradation show contrasting trends, suggesting that OC losses are not always well reflected in its degradation state. This study, using fraction partitioning that crosses land‐ocean boundaries in a way not done before, aids to disentangle sorting processes from degradation patterns, and provides quantitative insight into losses of thawed and eroded permafrost OC.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Anthropogenic Influence on Tropospheric Reactive Bromine Since the Pre‐industrial: Implications for Arctic Ice‐Core Bromine Trends (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 51(5), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Tropospheric reactive bromine (Bry) influences the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere by acting as a sink for ozone and nitrogen oxides. Aerosol acidity plays a crucial role in Bry abundances through acid-catalyzed debromination from sea-salt-aerosol, the largest global source. Bromine concentrations in a Russian Arctic ice-core, Akademii Nauk, show a 3.5-fold increase from pre-industrial (PI) to the 1970s (peak acidity, PA), and decreased by half to 1999 (present day, PD). Ice-core acidity mirrors this trend, showing robust correlation with bromine, especially after 1940 (r = 0.9). Model simulations considering anthropogenic emission changes alone show that atmospheric acidity is the main driver of Bry changes, consistent with the observed relationship between acidity and bromine. The influence of atmospheric acidity on Bry should be considered in interpretation of ice-core bromine trends.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    The Chemical Effect of Increased Water Vapor From the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption on the Antarctic Ozone Hole (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 51(4), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano on 15 January 2022 was one of the most explosive eruptions of the last decades. The amount of water vapor injected into the stratosphere was unprecedented in the observational record, increasing the stratospheric water vapor burden by about 10%. Using model runs from the ATLAS chemistry and transport model and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite observations, we show that while 20%–40% more water vapor than usual was entrained into the Antarctic polar vortex in 2023 as it formed, the direct chemical effect of the increased water vapor on Antarctic ozone depletion in June through October was minor (less than 4 DU). This is because low temperatures in the vortex, as occur every year in the Antarctic, limit water vapor to the saturation pressure and thus reset any anomalies through the process of dehydration before they can affect ozone loss.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Seismic Risk Communication in Europe: Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: Since the 1980s various international directives and frameworks have acknowledged the potential of risk communication to foster community empowerment. However, to achieve empowerment, communication has to be effective. When it comes to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, science communication requires the involvement of communities as a whole, promoting bottom-up strategies and proactive engagement. In this light, we conducted a scoping review of scientific publications on seismic risk communication in Europe published between 2000 and 2022. We focused on how seismic risk communication has changed in that time span, looking for targeted approaches, tools, recipients and channels. Here we provide an overview of the results obtained from the analysis of 109 selected publications, also highlighting the importance of scientific communication as a transnational problem, due to the mobility of modern society. Our study reveals that seismic risk communication in Europe is becoming increasingly proactive, focusing on a bottom-up strategy that relies on youth to build the resilience of future generations. The potential for the community empowerment has been primarily addressed with seismic risk communication during the pre-crisis phase of the disaster, when risk awareness can be effectively raised. Social media are increasingly used to provide timely and actionable information in times of crisis, to engage citizens within a two-way risk communication model, in the pre-crisis time, and to provide scientific data for post-disaster processing. The future agenda of seismic risk communication in Europe should focus on building trust with the public, moving towards a three-way model of seismic risk communication and, even more importantly, taking action to curb the spread of fake news and their negative impact on disaster management. Last but not least, more efforts should be made to link practice and theory and explicitly build seismic risk communication on theoretical models.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, California, USA
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Keywords: Seismic risk ; communication ; Europe ; scoping review ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk ; 05.09
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 7
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    Volcano-Tectonic seismicity during the unrest phase on the island of Vulcano (Italy) from mid-September 2021 to December 2022 (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: In mid-September 2021 there was a rapid increase in geophysical and geochemical parameters on the island of Vulcano, Italy, reaching alarming values. This phase of unrest aroused serious concern among Civil Protection, local authorities and the scientific community due to the risk of phreatomagmatic activity, with potentially serious repercussions on the inhabitants of the island and on visiting tourists. The beginning of the unrest was marked by a high occurrence rate of local micro-seismicity related to fluid dynamics within the shallower hydrothermal system (mainly Long Period and Very Long Period events); Volcano-Tectonic (VT) earthquakes increased in late October after most of the monitored parameters reached their climax. Afterwards, major episodes of VT activity were also recorded from March to April and at the end of the year 2022, when an earthquake of ML 4.6 occurred on December 4, SW of the island of Vulcano. Here, we analyze the VT earthquakes from January 2020 to December 2022, in terms of space-time distribution, energy release and focal mechanisms in the framework of the regional geodynamic context and in the light of the main characteristics of the seismic activity recorded in the Vulcano area over the past 36 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, California, USA
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Keywords: earthquakes ; monitoring ; volcano unrest ; Vulcano ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Sediment Freeze‐On and Transport Near the Onset of a Fast‐Flowing Glacier in East Antarctica (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 51(6), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: Understanding the material properties and physical conditions of basal ice is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of Antarctic ice‐sheet dynamics. Yet, direct data are sparse and difficult to acquire. Here, we employ ultra‐wideband radar to map high‐backscatter zones near the glacier bed within East Antarctica's Jutulstraumen drainage basin. Our backscatter analysis reveals that the basal ice in an area of ∼10,000 km² is composed of along‐flow oriented sediment‐laden basal ice units connected to the basal substrate, extending up to several hundred meters thick. Three‐dimensional thermomechanical modeling supports that these units form via basal freeze‐on of subglacial water that originated from further upstream. Our findings suggest that basal freeze‐on, and the entrainment and transport of subglacial material play a significant role in an accurate representation of material, physical, and rheological properties of the Antarctic ice sheet's basal ice, ultimately enhancing the accuracy and reliability of ice‐sheet modeling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    The Role of Coastal Yedoma Deposits and Continental Shelf Sediments in the Arctic Ocean Silicon Cycle (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 38(1), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: The availability of silicon (Si) in the ocean plays an important role in regulating biogeochemical and ecological processes. The Si budget of the Arctic Ocean appears balanced, with inputs equivalent to outputs, though it is unclear how a changing climate might aggravate this balance. In this study, we focus on Si cycling in Arctic coastal areas and continental shelf sediments to better constrain the Arctic Ocean Si budget. We provide the first estimate of amorphous Si (ASi) loading from erosion of coastal Yedoma deposits (30–90 Gmol yr−1), demonstrating comparable rates to particulate Si loading from rivers (10–90 Gmol yr−1). We found a positive relationship between surface sediment ASi and organic matter content on continental shelves. Combining these values with published Arctic shelf sediment properties and burial rates we estimate 70 Gmol Si yr−1 is buried on Arctic continental shelves, equivalent to 4.5% of all Si inputs to the Arctic Ocean. Sediment dissolved Si fluxes increased with distance from river mouths along cruise transects of shelf regions influenced by major rivers in the Laptev and East Siberian seas. On an annual basis, we estimate that Arctic shelf sediments recycle approximately up to twice as much DSi (680 Gmol Si) as is loaded from rivers (340–500 Gmol Si).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 38(1), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In this second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP2), we quantify global coastal ocean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 using an ensemble of global gap-filled observation-based products and ocean biogeochemical models. The global coastal ocean is a net sink of CO2 in both observational products and models, but the magnitude of the median net global coastal uptake is ∼60% larger in models (−0.72 vs. −0.44 PgC year−1, 1998–2018, coastal ocean extending to 300 km offshore or 1,000 m isobath with area of 77 million km2). We attribute most of this model-product difference to the seasonality in sea surface CO2 partial pressure at mid- and high-latitudes, where models simulate stronger winter CO2 uptake. The coastal ocean CO2 sink has increased in the past decades but the available time-resolving observation-based products and models show large discrepancies in the magnitude of this increase. The global coastal ocean is a major source of N2O (+0.70 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product and +0.54 PgCO2-e year−1 in model median) and CH4 (+0.21 PgCO2-e year−1 in observational product), which offsets a substantial proportion of the coastal CO2 uptake in the net radiative balance (30%–60% in CO2-equivalents), highlighting the importance of considering the three greenhouse gases when examining the influence of the coastal ocean on climate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(3), ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-27
    Description: Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include the identification of vast permafrost carbon stocks, the development of new pan‐Arctic permafrost maps, an increase in terrestrial measurement sites for CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 and methane fluxes, and important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Process‐based modeling studies now include key elements of permafrost carbon cycling and advances in statistical modeling and inverse modeling enhance understanding of permafrost region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses and model outputs, the permafrost region is likely a wetland methane source and small terrestrial ecosystem CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 sink with lower net CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, the strongest CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 sink was located in western Canada (median: −52 g C m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 y〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉) and smallest sinks in Alaska, Canadian tundra, and Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 g C m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 y〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉). Eurasian regions had the largest median wetland methane fluxes (16–18 g CH〈jats:sub〉4〈/jats:sub〉 m〈jats:sup〉−2〈/jats:sup〉 y〈jats:sup〉−1〈/jats:sup〉). Quantifying the regional scale carbon balance remains challenging because of high spatial and temporal variability and relatively low density of observations. More accurate permafrost region carbon fluxes require: (a) the development of better maps characterizing wetlands and dynamics of vegetation and disturbances, including abrupt permafrost thaw; (b) the establishment of new year‐round CO〈jats:sub〉2〈/jats:sub〉 and methane flux sites in underrepresented areas; and (c) improved models that better represent important permafrost carbon cycle dynamics, including non‐growing season emissions and disturbance effects.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Holocene relative sea-level changes along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northwestern South America (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: All Rights Reserved
    Description: Predicting coastal change depends upon our knowledge of postglacial relative sea-level variability, partly controlled by glacio-isostatic responses to ice-sheet melting. Here, we reconstruct the postglacial relative sea-level changes along the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of northwestern South America by numerically solving the sea-level equation with two scenarios of mantle viscosity: global standard average and high viscosity. Our results with the standard model (applicable to the Pacific coast) agree with earlier studies by indicating a mid-Northgrippian high stand of ~2 m. The high-viscosity simulation (relevant to the Caribbean coast) shows that the transition from far- to intermediate-field influence of the Laurentide Ice Sheet occurs between Manzanillo del Mar and the Gulf of Morrosquillo. South of this location, the Colombian Caribbean coast has exhibited a still stand with a nearly constant Holocene relative sea level. By analyzing our simulations considering sea-level indicators, we argue that tectonics is more prominent than previously assumed, especially along the Caribbean coast. This influence prevents a simplified view of regional relative sea-level changes on the northwestern South American coast.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Late Holocene Dust Deposition Fluxes Over the Entire South Atlantic Ocean (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 25(1), ISSN: 1525-2027
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: Mineral dust accumulated on the ocean floor is an important archive for reconstructing past atmospheric circulation changes and climatological conditions in the source areas. Dust emitted from Southern Hemisphere dust sources is widely deposited over the oceans. However, there are few records of dust deposition over the open ocean, and a large need for extended geographical coverage exists. We present a large data set (134 surface sediment samples) of Late Holocene dust deposition from seafloor surface sediments covering the entire South Atlantic Ocean. Polymodal grain-size distributions of the lithogenic fraction indicate that the sediments are composed of multiple sediment components. By using end-member modeling, we attempt to disentangle the dust signal from non-aeolian sediments. Combined with 230Th-normalized lithogenic fluxes, we quantified the specific deposition fluxes for mineral dust, crrent-sorted sediments and ice-rafted debris (IRD). Although the method could not completely separate the different components in every region, it shows that dust deposition off the most prominent dust source for the South Atlantic Ocean—southern South America—amounts up to approximately 0.7 g cm−2 Kyr−1 and decreases downwind. Bottom-current-sorted sediments and IRD are mostly concentrated around the continental margins. The ratio of the coarse to fine dust end members reveals input from north African dust sources to the South Atlantic. The majority of the observations are in good agreement with new model simulations. This extensive and relevant data set of dust grain size and deposition fluxes to the South Atlantic could be used to calibrate and validate further model simulations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Extraction and applications of Rayleigh wave ellipticity in polar regions (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Seismic Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurements are the horizontal-to-vertical ratio of the Rayleigh wave particle motion, and are sensitive to the subsurface structure beneath a seismic station. H/V ratios measured from the ambient vibrations of the Earth are being increasingly used in glaciological applications to determine glacier and ice sheet thickness, seismic velocities and firn properties. Using the newly developed degree-of-polarisation (DOP-E) method which exploits the polarisation properties of seismic noise, we identify and extract Rayleigh waves from seismic stations in Greenland, and relate them to sea ice processes and the geology of the upper crust. Finally, we provide some suggestions for future applications of DOP-E method to gain greater insight into seasonal and long-term variability of sea ice formation and breakup as well as the monitoring of ice sheet thickness, subglacial environment and firn layers in the poles.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-7
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
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  • 15
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    Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province: The Conjugate William’s Ridge‐Broken Ridge Rifted Margins (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(3), ISSN: 2169-9313
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Extensive investigation of continental rift systems has been fundamental for advancing the understanding of extensional tectonics and modes of formation of new ocean basins. However, current rift classification schemes do not account for conjugate end members formed by Large Igneous Province crust, referring to thick mafic crust, sometimes including continental fragments. Here, we investigate the rifting of William's Ridge (Kerguelen Plateau) and Broken Ridge, components of the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province now situated in the Southeast Indian Ocean, and incorporate these end members into the deformation migration concept for rifted margins. We use multichannel seismic reflection profiles and data from scientific drill cores acquired on both conjugate margins to propose, for the first time, a combined tectono‐stratigraphic framework. We interpret seismic patterns, tectonic features, and magnetic anomaly picks to determine an across‐strike structural domain classification. This interpretation considers the rift system overall to be “magma‐poor” despite being located proximal to the Kerguelen plume but suggests that syn‐rift interaction between the Kerguelen mantle plume and the lithospheric structure of William's Ridge and Broken Ridge has controlled the along‐strike segmentation of both conjugates. We integrate seismic reflection and bathymetric data to test the hypothesis of predominantly transform motion, between the Australian and Antarctic plates, in Late Cretaceous and Paleogene time.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Process‐Based Intercomparison of Water Isotope‐Enabled Models and Reanalysis Nudging Effects (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(1), ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: The products from the Stable Water Isotope Intercomparison Group, Phase 2, are currently used for numerous studies, allowing water isotope model-data comparisons with various isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model (AGCMs) outputs. However, the simulations under this framework were performed using different parameterizations and forcings. Therefore, a uniform experimental design with state-of-the-art AGCMs is required to interpret isotope observations rigorously. Here, we evaluate the outputs from three isotope-enabled numerical models nudged by three different reanalysis products and investigate the ability of the isotope-enabled AGCMs to reproduce the spatial and temporal patterns of water isotopic composition observed at the surface and in the atmospheric airborne water. Through correlation analyses at various spatial and temporal scales, we found that the model's performance depends on the model or reanalysis we use, the observations we compare, and the vertical levels we select. Moreover, we employed the stable isotope mass balance method to conduct decomposition analyses on the ratio of isotopic changes in the atmosphere. Our goal was to elucidate the spread in simulated atmospheric column δ18O, which is influenced by factors such as evaporation, precipitation, and horizontal moisture flux. Satisfying the law of conservation of water isotopes, this budget method is expected to explain various fractionation phenomena in atmospheric meteorological and climatic events. It also aims to highlight the spreads in modeled isotope results among different experiments using multiple models and reanalyses, which are primarily dominated by uncertainties in moisture flux and precipitation, respectively.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 17
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    Is the Isotopic Composition of Precipitation a Robust Indicator for Reconstructions of Past Tropical Cyclones Frequency? A Case Study on Réunion Island From Rain and Water Vapor Isotopic Observations (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 129(3), ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Based on a 6-year long record (2014–2020) of the isotopic composition of rain (δ18Op) at Réunion Island (55°E, 22°S), in the South-West Indian Ocean, this study shows that the annual isotopic composition of precipitation in this region is strongly controlled by the number of cyclones, the number of best-track days, and the proportion of cyclonic rain during the year. Our results support the use of δ18Op in annual-resolved tropical climate archives as a reliable proxy of past cyclone frequency. The influence of the proportion of cyclonic rain on the annual isotopic composition arises from the systematically more depleted precipitation and water vapor during cyclonic events than during less organized convective systems. The analysis of the daily to hourly isotopic composition of water vapor (δ18Ov) during low-pressure systems and the reproduction of daily δ18Ov observations by AGCMs with a global medium to coarse resolution (LMDZ-iso and ECHAM6-wiso) suggest that during cyclonic periods the stronger depletion mainly arises from both enhanced large-scale precipitation and water vapor-rain interactions under humid conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    High-resolution magnetochronology detects multiple stages of Pleistocene tectonic uplift and deformation in the Po Plain of northern Italy (2024)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: We developed a high-resolution magnetochronology of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Monte Netto hillock, a tectonically uplifted struc ture in the Po Plain of northern Italy. Our data allowed reconstructing the depositional age of the sequence and assessing rates of defor mation and rock uplift of the neotectonic structure, thus providing constraints on the tectono-sedimentary evolution of this seismically active part of the buried Southern Alps. Using a combination of magnetostratigraphy and paleosecular variation analysis, we generated an age-depth model for the Monte Netto stratigraphy that encompasses, from the top, Upper Pleistocene (11–72 ka) loess-paleosols over laying fluvial sediments spanning the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (773 ka) and the top of the Jaramillo (990 ka). The identification of the same magneto-chronostratigraphic surfaces in nearby drill cores from regions of the Po Plain that have not been affected by neotectonic deformation allowed estimating a mean rate of tectonic uplift of the hillock relative to the neighboring plain of 11.3 ± 1.5 cm/ka, and an absolute uplift relative to sea level of ∼19.3 cm/ka. Finally, our paleomagnetic analyses from the uppermost loess sequence disclosed the complexity of the tectonic evolution of the Monte Netto structure, which shows evidence of a two-phase rotational deformation linked to coseismic surface faulting due to recent seismic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 191-205
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Magnetochronology ; Pleistocene ; Paleosecular variations ; Loess-paleosols ; Neotectonic deformation ; Po Plain
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The Lund Model (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Lund model, inspired by quantum chromodynamics, has provided a promising approach to the dynamics of quark and gluon interactions. Starting with a brief reprise of basic concepts in relativity, quantum mechanics of fields and particle physics, this book discusses: the dynamics of the massless relativistic string; confinement; causality and relativistic covariance; Lund fragmentation processes; QED and QCD Bremsstrahlung; multiplicities and particle-parton distributions. Throughout the book, theory is confronted with current experimental data, and implications for future experiments are also considered. The book also explores the relationships between the Lund model and other models based on field theory (the Schwinger model, S-matrix models, light-cone algebra physics and variations of the parton model), and models based on statistical mechanics (the Feynman-Wilson gas, scaling, iterative cascade models).
    Keywords: Relativistic kinematics ; electromagnetic fields ; virtual quanta ; renormalisation ; deep inelastic scattering ; parton model ; massless relativistic string ; string decay ; Lund model ; fragmentation formulae ; Regge theory ; flavour ; transverse momentum generation ; meson ratio ; heavy quark fragmentation ; baryon production ; Hanbury–Brown–Twiss-effect ; Lund gluon model ; gluon emission ; multigluon emission ; lambda measure ; perturbative QCD ; inelastic lepto-production ; heretical structure functions ; hadronic interaction models ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Non-Perturbative Field Theory (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Providing a new perspective on quantum field theory, this book gives a pedagogical exposition of non-perturbative methods in relativistic quantum field theory and introduces the reader to modern research in theoretical physics. After describing non-perturbative methods in detail, it uses these methods to explore two-dimensional and four-dimensional gauge dynamics. The book concludes with a summary emphasizing the interplay between two- and four-dimensional gauge theories. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book covers topics from two-dimensional conformal symmetry, affine Lie algebras, solitons, integrable models, bosonization, and 't Hooft model, to four-dimensional conformal invariance, integrability, large N expansion, Skyrme model, monopoles and instantons. Applications, first to simple field theories and gauge dynamics in two dimensions, and then to gauge theories in four dimensions and quantum chromodynamics in particular, are thoroughly described.
    Keywords: non-perturbative methods ; 2D field theory ; massless free scalar field ; conformal field theory ; invariant ; affine current algebras ; Wess-Zumino-Witten model ; Coset model ; solitons ; 2D integrable models ; bosonization ; large N limit of 2D models ; 2D non-perturbative gauge dynamics ; bosonized gauge theories ; t'Hooft solution ; mesonic spectrum ; baryonic spectrum ; multiflavour QCD2 ; strong coupling limit ; confinement ; screening ; coset models and BRST quantization ; generalized Yang Mills theory ; conformal invariance in 4D field theories ; 4D gauge dynamics ; large N methods in QCD4 ; skyrmions ; magnetic monopoles ; instantons of QCD ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Spin in Particle Physics (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Motivated by dramatic developments in the field, this book provides a thorough introduction to spin and its role in elementary particle physics. Starting with a simple pedagogical introduction to spin and its relativistic generalisation, the author avoids the obscurity and impenetrability of traditional treatments of the subject. The book surveys the main theoretical and experimental developments, as well as discussing exciting plans for the future. Emphasis is placed on the importance of spin-dependent measurements in testing QCD and the Standard Model. This book will be of value to graduate students and researchers working in all areas of quantum physics and particularly in elementary particle and high energy physics. It is suitable as a supplementary text for graduate courses in theoretical and experimental particle physics.
    Keywords: spin and helicity ; Lorentz transformations ; discrete transformations ; helicity states ; fields and wave-functions ; spin density matrix ; transition amplitudes ; polarized hadrons ; polarized e± ; polarized states: polarimetry ; electroweak interactions ; quantum chromodynamics ; massless partons ; polarized deep inelastic scattering ; two-spin ; parity-violation ; single spin asymmetries ; elastic scattering at high energies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Dynamics of Charged Particles and their Radiation Field (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a self-contained and systematic introduction to classical electron theory and its quantization, non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. The first half of the book covers the classical theory. It discusses the well-defined Abraham model of extended charges in interaction with the electromagnetic field, and gives a study of the effective dynamics of charges under the condition that, on the scale given by the size of the charge distribution, they are far apart and the applied potentials vary slowly. The second half covers the quantum theory, leading to a coherent presentation of non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. Topics discussed include non-perturbative properties of the basic Hamiltonian, the structure of resonances, the relaxation to the ground state through emission of photons, the non-perturbative derivation of the g-factor of the electron and the stability of matter.
    Keywords: coupled charge ; electromagnetic field ; energy-momentum relation ; long-time asymptotics ; adiabatic limit ; self-force ; comparison dynamics ; Lorentz-Dirac equation ; spinning charges ; many charges ; quantum theory ; Abraham model ; statistical mechanics ; energy states ; radiation ; relaxation at finite temperatures ; g-factor of the electron ; stability of matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Particle Detectors, Second Edition (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Elementary particles can be identified through various techniques, depending on the purpose of the measurement and which relevant quantities, such as time, energy, and spatial coordinates, have to be measured. Detectors cover the measurement of energies spanning from the very low to the highest energies observed in cosmic rays. Describing the instrumentation for experiments in high energy physics and astroparticle physics, this edition describes track detectors, calorimeters, particle identification, neutrino detectors, momentum measurement, electronics, and data analysis. It also discusses applications of these detectors in other fields, such as nuclear medicine, radiation protection, and environmental science. Problem sets have been added to each chapter and additional instructive material has been provided, making this an excellent reference for graduate students and researchers in particle physics.
    Keywords: particle-matter interactions ; radiation-matter interactions ; detector properties ; units of radiation measurements ; radiation sources ; accelerators ; physical phenomena ; counter types ; historical track detectors ; track detectors ; calorimetry ; particle identification ; neutrino detectors ; momentum measurement ; muon detection ; ageing and radiation effects ; Belle ; detector electronics ; data analysis ; applications betond particle physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Quantized Detector Networks (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Scientists have been debating the meaning of quantum mechanics for more than a century. This book for graduate students and researchers gets to the root of the problem: how the contextual nature of empirical truth and the laws of observation impact on our understanding of quantum physics. Bridging the gap between non-relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, this novel approach to quantum mechanics extends the standard formalism to cover the observer and their apparatus. The author demystifies some of the aspects of quantum mechanics that have traditionally been regarded as extraordinary, such as wave-particle duality and quantum superposition, emphasizing the scientific principles rather than the mathematical modelling. Including key experiments and worked examples throughout, the author encourages the reader to focus on empirically sound concepts and avoid metaphysical speculation.
    Keywords: classical bits ; quantum bits ; classical and quantum registers ; classical register mechanics ; quantum register dynamics ; partial observations ; mixed states ; POVMs ; double-slit experiments ; modules ; computer algebra ; interferometers ; quantum eraser experiments ; particle decays ; non-locality ; Bell inequalities ; temporal correlations ; Franson experiment ; self-intervening networks ; separability and entanglement ; causal sets ; oscillators ; dynamical theory of observation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Nuclear Superfluidity (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nuclear Superfluidity is a monograph devoted exclusively to pair correlations in nuclei. It begins by exploring pair correlations in a variety of systems including superconductivity in metals at low temperatures and superfluidity in liquid 3He and in neutron stars. The book goes on to introduce basic theoretical methods, symmetry breaking and symmetry restoration in finite many-body systems. The last few chapters are devoted to introducing results on the role of induced interactions in the structure of both normal and exotic nuclei. The most important of these is the renormalization of the pairing interaction due to the coupling of pairs of nucleons to low energy nuclear collective excitations. This book will be essential reading for researchers and students in experimental and theoretical nuclear physics, and related research fields such as metal clusters, fullerenes and quantum dots.
    Keywords: pairing force ; BCS theory ; spontaneous symmetry breaking ; pairing vibrations ; phase transitions ; plastic behaviour ; pairing in nuclei ; beyond mean field ; induced interaction ; pairing in exotic nuclei ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Renormalization (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Many numerical predictions of experimental phenomena in particle physics are made possible by exploiting the discovery that simplifications can happen when phenomena are investigated on short distance and time scales. This book provides a coherent exposition of the renormalization techniques underlying these calculations. After reminding the reader of some basic properties of field theories, examples are used to explain the problems to be treated. The technique of dimensional regularization and the renormalization group is then shown. Finally a number of key applications are demonstrated, culminating in the treatment of deeply inelastic scattering.
    Keywords: quantum field theory ; dimensional regularization ; renormalization ; composite operators ; renormalization group ; large-mass expansion ; global symmetries ; operator-product expansion ; coordinate space ; gauge theories ; anomalies ; deep-inelastic scattering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Electroweak Theory (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The electroweak theory unifies two basic forces of nature: the weak force and electromagnetism. This is a concise introduction to the structure of the electroweak theory and its applications. It describes the structure and properties of field theories with global and local symmetries, leading to the standard model. It describes the particles and processes predicted by the theory, and compares them with experimental results. It also covers neutral currents, the properties of W and Z bosons, the properties of quarks and mesons containing heavy quarks, neutrino oscillations, CP-asymmetries in K, D, and B meson decays, and the search for Higgs particles. Each chapter contains problems to supplement the text, stemming from the author's long teaching experience. This will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in elementary particle physics.
    Keywords: electromagnetic current properties ; weak currents ; quark model ; global and local Symmetries ; Yang–Mills theories ; spontaneous symmetry breaking ; Higgs mechanism ; Glashow–Salam–Weinberg model ; leptons ; hadrons ; deep inelastic scattering ; charged current reactions ; neutral currents in semileptonic reactions ; neutrinos ; heavy quarks ; CP violation ; K mesons ; D mesons ; B mesons ; Higgs particles ; spinors ; cross sections and traces ; quark bilinear identities ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    D-Branes (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: D-branes represent a key theoretical tool in the understanding of strongly coupled superstring theory and M-theory. They have led to many striking discoveries, including the precise microphysics underlying the thermodynamic behaviour of certain black holes, and remarkable holographic dualities between large-N gauge theories and gravity. This book provides a self-contained introduction to the technology of D-branes, presenting their development in a pedagogical manner. The introductory material is developed by first starting with the main features of string theory needed to get rapidly to grips with D-branes. Many advanced applications are covered, with discussions of open problems which could form the basis for other avenues of research. Suitable as a textbook in graduate courses on modern string theory and theoretical particle physics, it will also be an indispensable reference for seasoned practitioners.
    Keywords: relativistic strings ; world-sheet ; strings on circles ; T-duality ; world-volume actions ; D-branes ; tension and boundary states ; supersymmetric strings ; world-volume curvature couplings ; geometry of D-branes ; strong coupling ; string duality ; K3 orientifolds ; compactification ; M-theory ; F-theory ; black holes ; gravity and gauge theory ; holographic renormalisation group ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Finite-Temperature Field Theory (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book develops the basic formalism and theoretical techniques for studying relativistic quantum field theory at high temperature and density. Specific physical theories treated include QED, QCD, electroweak theory, and effective nuclear field theories of hadronic and nuclear matter. Topics covered include: functional integral representation of the partition function, diagrammatic expansions, linear response theory, screening and plasma oscillations, spontaneous symmetry breaking, Goldstone theorem, resummation and hard thermal loops, lattice gauge theory, phase transitions, nucleation theory, quark-gluon plasma, and color superconductivity. Applications to astrophysics and cosmology cover white dwarf and neutron stars, neutrino emissivity, baryon number violation in the early universe, and cosmological phase transitions. Applications to relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are also included. The book is written for theorists in elementary particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.
    Keywords: quantum statistical mechanics ; functional integral representation ; the partition function ; interactions ; diagrammatic techniques ; renormalisation ; quantum electrodynamics ; linear response theory ; spontaneous symmetry breaking ; quantum chromodynamics ; resummation ; hard thermal loops ; lattice gauge theory ; dense nuclear matter ; hot hadronic matter ; nucleation theory ; heavy ion collisions ; weak interactions ; astrophysics and cosmology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The second edition of this introductory graduate textbook provides a concise yet accessible introduction to the Standard Model. It has been updated to account for the successes of the theory of strong interactions and the observations on matter–antimatter asymmetry. It gives a coherent presentation of the phenomena and theory that describe neutrino mass as well as an account of progress in the theory of strong interactions. The book develops clearly the theoretical concepts from the electromagnetic and weak interactions of leptons and quarks to the strong interactions of quarks. Each chapter ends with problems, with hints to selected problems provided at the end of the book. The mathematical treatments are suitable for graduates in physics, while more sophisticated mathematical ideas are developed in the text and appendices.
    Keywords: Lorentz transformations ; Lagrangian mechanics ; classical electromagnetism ; Dirac equation ; Dirac field ; Free space solutions ; electrodynamics ; quantising fields ; QED ; weak interaction ; low energy phenomenology ; symmetry breaking ; massive gauge fields ; Weinberg-Salam electroweak theory ; leptons ; weak interactions of quarks ; hadronic decays of Z and W bosons ; strong interactions ; quantum chromodynamics ; Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix ; neutrino masses and mixing ; Majorana neutrinos ; Standard Model ; annihilation and creation operators ; parton model ; mass matrices and mixing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    An Introduction to Regge Theory and High Energy Physics (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents an extended introduction to the theory of hadrons, the elementary particles that occur in the atomic nucleus. The main emphasis is on the theory of the complex angular momentum plane 'Regge theory'. In 1959 Tullio Regge demonstrated that it is useful to regard angular momentum as a complex variable when discussing solutions of the Schrödinger equation for non-relativistic potential scattering. This theory helps to classify the many different particles we know of, to explain the forces between them and to predict the results of high-energy scattering experiments. Regge theory thus serves as a unifying concept drawing together many different features of high-energy physics. This monograph is intended primarily for research students just beginning in particle physics, but experienced practitioners will also find much of interest.
    Keywords: scattering matrix ; complex angular-momentum plane ; Regge poles ; spin ; Regge trajectories ; Regge resonances ; duality ; Regge cuts ; multi-Regge theory ; inclusive processes ; Regge models for many-particle cross-sections ; elementary particles ; weak interactions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Gauge/String Duality, Hot QCD and Heavy Ion Collisions (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Heavy ion collision experiments recreating the quark-gluon plasma that filled the nascent universe have established that it is a nearly perfect liquid that flows with such minimal dissipation that it cannot be seen as made of particles. String theory provides a powerful toolbox for studying matter with such properties. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to gauge/string duality and its applications to the study of the thermal and transport properties of quark-gluon plasma, the dynamics of how it forms, how it flows, and its response to probes including jets and quarkonium mesons. Calculations are discussed in the context of data from RHIC and LHC and results from finite temperature lattice QCD. This is an ideal reference for students and researchers in string theory, quantum field theory, quantum many-body physics, heavy ion physics and lattice QCD.
    Keywords: heavy ions ; lattice QCD ; gauge/string duality ; strongly coupled plasma ; hydrodynamics ; far-from-equilibrium dynamics ; quarkonium mesons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Heavy Quark Physics (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Understanding the physics of heavy quarks gives physicists a unique opportunity to test the predictions of quantum chromodynamics and the Standard Model. This introductory text begins with a review of the Standard Model, followed by the basics of heavy quark spin-flavor symmetry and its application to the classification of states, decays and fragmentation. Heavy quark effective theory is then developed and applied to the study of hadron masses, form factors, and inclusive decay rates. The authors also discuss the application of chiral perturbation theory to heavy hadrons. Written by two world leading experts, the presentation is clear and original, with problems provided at the end of each chapter. This lucid volume is an ideal introduction to the physics of heavy quarks for graduate students and an authoritative reference for more experienced researchers.
    Keywords: Standard Model ; heavy quarks ; spin-flavor symmetry ; decays ; fragmentation ; heavy quark effective theory ; radiative corrections ; nonperturbative corrections ; chiral perturbation theory ; inclusive weak decay ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Foundations of Perturbative QCD (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The most non-trivial of the established microscopic theories of physics is quantum chromodynamics, QCD, the theory of the strong interaction. A critical link between theory and experiment is provided by the methods of perturbative QCD, notably the well-known factorization theorems. Giving an accurate account of the concepts, theorems and their justification, this book is a systematic treatment of perturbative QCD. As well as giving a mathematical treatment, the book relates the concepts to experimental data, giving strong motivations for the methods. It also examines in detail transverse-momentum-dependent parton densities, an increasingly important subject not normally treated in other books. Ideal for graduate students starting their work in high-energy physics, it will also interest experienced researchers wanting a clear account of the subject.
    Keywords: QCD ; Libby–Sterman analysis ; power counting ; parton model ; parton theory ; factorization ; subtractions ; DIS in QCD ; fragmentation ; TMD factorization ; hadron-hadron collisions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    The Pinch Technique and its Applications to Non-Abelian Gauge Theories (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Non-Abelian gauge theories, such as quantum chromodynamics (QCD) or electroweak theory, are best studied with the aid of Green's functions that are gauge-invariant off-shell, but unlike for the photon in quantum electrodynamics, conventional graphical constructions fail. The pinch technique provides a systematic framework for constructing such Green's functions, and has many useful applications. Beginning with elementary one-loop examples, this book goes on to extend the method to all orders, showing that the pinch technique is equivalent to calculations in the background field Feynman gauge. The Schwinger–Dyson equations are derived within the pinch technique framework, and are used to show how a dynamical gluon mass arises in QCD. Finally the volume turns to its many applications. This book is ideal for elementary particle theorists and graduate students.
    Keywords: pinch technique ; one loop ; Batalin–Vilkovisky framework ; gauge technique ; Schwinger–Dyson equations ; non-perturbative gluon mass ; quantum solitons ; nexuses ; sphalerons ; fractional topological charge ; electroweak theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Methods of Contemporary Gauge Theory (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book introduces the quantum theory of gauge fields, emphasising four non-perturbative methods which have important applications: path integrals, lattice gauge theories, the 1/N expansion, and reduced matrix models. Written as a textbook, it assumes a knowledge of quantum mechanics and elements of perturbation theory, while many relevant concepts are introduced at a basic level in the first half of the book. The second half comprehensively covers large-N Yang–Mills theory. The book uses an approach to gauge theories based on path-dependent phase factors known as Wilson loops, and contains problems with detailed solutions to aid understanding. Suitable for advanced graduate courses in quantum field theory, the book will also be of interest to researchers in high energy theory and condensed matter physics as a survey of recent developments in gauge theory.
    Keywords: path Integrals ; operator calculus ; second quantization ; quantum anomalies ; instantons ; lattice gauge theories ; gauge fields on a lattice ; lattice methods ; fermions on a lattice ; finite temperatures ; 1/N expansion ; O(N) vector models ; multicolor QCD ; QCD in loop space ; matrix models ; reduced models ; Eguchi–Kawai model ; twisted reduced models ; non-commutative gauge theories ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Moonshine beyond the Monster (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Moonshine forms a way of explaining the mysterious connection between the monster finite group and modular functions from classical number theory. The theory has evolved to describe the relationship between finite groups, modular forms and vertex operator algebras. Moonshine beyond the Monster describes the general theory of Moonshine and its underlying concepts, emphasising the interconnections between mathematics and mathematical physics. Written in a clear and pedagogical style, this book is ideal for graduate students and researchers working in areas such as conformal field theory, string theory, algebra, number theory, geometry and functional analysis. Containing more than 100 exercises, it is also a suitable textbook for graduate courses on Moonshine and as supplementary reading for courses on conformal field theory and string theory.
    Keywords: monstrous Moonshine ; classical algebra ; modular stuff ; affine algebras ; conformal field theory ; the physics of Moonshine ; vertex operator algebras ; modular group representations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Introduction to Quantum Fields on a Lattice (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a concise introduction to quantum fields on a lattice: a precise and non-perturbative definition of quantum field theory obtained by replacing continuous space-time by a discrete set of points on a lattice. The path integral on the lattice is explained in concrete examples using weak and strong coupling expansions. Fundamental concepts such as 'triviality' of Higgs fields and confinement of quarks and gluons into hadrons are described and illustrated with the results of numerical simulations. The book also provides an introduction to chiral symmetry and chiral gauge theory, as well as quantized non-Abelian gauge fields, scaling and universality. Based on the lecture notes of a course given by the author, this book contains many explanatory examples and exercises, and is suitable as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses.
    Keywords: non-perturbative quantum field theory ; path integrals ; lattice regularisation ; weak and strong coupling expansions ; O(n) models ; gauge field on the lattice ; Higgs field ; quark confinement ; non-Abelian gauge fields ; U(1) gauge theory ; SU(n) gauge theory ; fermions on the lattice ; low mass hadrons in QCD ; chiral symmetry ; temporal gauge quantization ; fermionic coherent states ; spinor fields ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
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    Supersymmetric Solitons (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade methods and techniques based on supersymmetry have provided deep insights in quantum chromodynamics and other non-supersymmetric gauge theories at strong coupling. This book summarizes major advances in critical solitons in supersymmetric theories, and their implications for understanding basic dynamical regularities of non-supersymmetric theories. After an extended introduction on the theory of critical solitons, including a historical introduction, the authors focus on three topics: non-Abelian strings and confined monopoles; reducing the level of supersymmetry; and domain walls as D-brane prototypes. They also provide a thorough review of issues at the cutting edge, such as non-Abelian flux tubes. The book presents an extensive summary of the current literature so researchers in this field can understand the background and related issues.
    Keywords: quantum chromodynamics ; critical solitons ; central charges in superalgebras ; non-Abelian strings ; supersymmetry ; non-supersymmetric theories ; non-BPS non-Abelian strings ; confined monopoles ; Higgs branches ; domain walls ; D-brane prototypes ; non-Abelian flux tubes ; wall-string junctions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Range of 21st century ice mass changes in the Filchner-Ronne region of Antarctica (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-15
    Description: Increases in ocean temperatures in the Filchner Ronne region of Antarctica are likely to result in increased ice mass loss and sea level rise. We constrain projections of the 21st century sea level contribution of this region using process-based ice-sheet modeling, with model parameters controlling ice dynamics calibrated using observed surface speeds and Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling. We use climate forcing from Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios as well as a set of hypothetical scenarios of deep ocean warming to evaluate the sensitivity of this region to ocean temperatures. Projected changes in regional ice mass correspond to a decrease in global mean sea level of 24±7 mm over 2015–2100 under RCP 2.6 and 28±9 mm under RCP 8.5. Increased regional inland surface accumulation related to higher warming levels in RCP 8.5 leads to more ice above flotation, offsetting increased ice shelf basal melt. The tests involving step changes in ocean temperatures with constant surface forcing show that one degree of ocean warming from present results in an additional +11 mm contribution to sea level by 2100 and 1% of the ice-covered area in the domain becomes ungrounded (23 200 km2). The rate of mass loss with temperature increases at higher temperatures.
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  • 41
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    A response to cummunity questions on the Marine20 Radiocarbon age calibration curve: marine reservoir ages and the calibration of 14C samples from the oceans (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in the oceans are different from those in the atmosphere. Understanding these ocean-atmospheric 14C differences is important both to estimate the calendar ages of samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment, and to investigate the carbon cycle. The Marine20 radiocarbon age calibration curve is created to address these dual aims by providing a global-scale surface ocean record of radiocarbon from 55,000–0 cal yr BP that accounts for the smoothed response of the ocean to variations in atmospheric 14C production rates and factors out the effect of known changes in global-scale palaeoclimatic variables. The curve also serves as a baseline to study regional oceanic 14C variation. Marine20 offers substantial improvements over the previous Marine13 curve. In response to community questions, we provide a short intuitive guide, intended for the lay-reader, on the construction and use of the Marine20 calibration curve. We describe the choices behind the making of Marine20, as well as the similarities and differences compared with the earlier Marine calibration curves. We also describe how to use the Marine20 curve for calibration and how to estimate ΔR—the localized variation in the oceanic 14C levels due to regional factors which are not incorporated in the global-scale Marine20 curve. To aid understanding, illustrative worked examples are provided.
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  • 42
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    Marine radiocarbon calibration in polar regions: a simple approximate approach using Marine20 (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Marine20 radiocarbon (14C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine 14C calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14C samples from polar regions (outside ∼ 40ºS–40ºN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier product) using an estimate of , the regional 14C depletion adjustment, that has been obtained from samples in the recent (non-glacial) past is likely to lead to bias and overconfidence in the calibrated age. We propose an approach to calibration that aims to address this by accounting for the possibility of additional, localized, glacial 14C depletion in polar oceans. We suggest, for a specific polar location, bounds on the value of during a glacial period. The lower bound may be based on 14C samples from the recent non-glacial (Holocene) past and corresponds to a low-depletion glacial scenario. The upper bound, , representing a high-depletion scenario is found by increasing according to the latitude of the 14C sample to be calibrated. The suggested increases to obtain are based upon simulations of the Hamburg Large Scale Geostrophic Ocean General Circulation Model (LSG OGCM). Calibrating against the Marine20 curve using the upper and lower bounds provide estimates of calibrated ages for glacial 14C samples in high- and low-depletion scenarios which should bracket the true calendar age of the sample. In some circumstances, users may be able to determine which depletion scenario is more appropriate using independent paleoclimatic or proxy evidence.
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  • 43
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    The impact of spatially varying ice sheet basal conditions on sliding at glacial time scales (2023)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: Spatially variable basal conditions are thought to govern how ice sheets behave at glacial time scales (〉1000 years) and responsible for changes in dynamics between the core and peripheral regions of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets. Basal motion is accomplished via the deformation of unconsolidated sediments, or via sliding of the ice over an undeformable bed. We present an ice sheet sliding module for the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) that takes into account changes in sediment cover and incorporates surface meltwater. This model routes meltwater, produced at the surface and base of the ice sheet, toward the margin of the ice sheet. Basal sliding is accomplished through the deformation of water saturated sediments, or sliding at the ice-bed interface. In areas with continuous, water saturated sediments, sliding is almost always accomplished through sediment deformation. In areas with incomplete cover, sliding has a stronger dependence on the supply of water. We find that the addition of surface meltwater to the base is a more important factor for ice sheet evolution than the style of sliding. In a glacial cycle simulation, our model causes a more rapid buildup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
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  • 44
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    Cyclone Impacts on Sea Ice Concentration in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean: Annual Cycle and Recent Changes (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(17), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-08
    Description: We quantify sea ice concentration (SIC) changes related to synoptic cyclones separately for each month of the year in the Greenland, Barents and Kara Seas for 1979–2018. We find that these SIC changes can be statistically significant throughout the year. However, their strength varies from region to region and month to month, and their sign strongly depends on the considered time scale (before/during vs. after cyclone passages). Our results show that the annual cycle of cyclone impacts on SIC is related to varying cyclone intensity and traversed sea ice conditions. We further show that significant changes in these cyclone impacts have manifested in the last 40 years, with the strongest changes occurring in October and November. For these months, SIC decreases before/during cyclones have more than doubled in magnitude in the Barents and Kara Seas, while SIC increases following cyclones have weakened (intensified) in the Barents Sea (Kara Sea).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 45
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    Antarctic Sedimentary Basins and Their Influence on Ice‐Sheet Dynamics (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Reviews of Geophysics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 61(3), ISSN: 8755-1209
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-09
    Description: Knowledge of Antarctica's sedimentary basins builds our understanding of the coupled evolution of tectonics, ice, ocean, and climate. Sedimentary basins have properties distinct from basement-dominated regions that impact ice-sheet dynamics, potentially influencing future ice-sheet change. Despite their importance, our knowledge of Antarctic sedimentary basins is restricted. Remoteness, the harsh environment, the overlying ice sheet, ice shelves, and sea ice all make fieldwork challenging. Nonetheless, in the past decade the geophysics community has made great progress in internationally coordinated data collection and compilation with parallel advances in data processing and analysis supporting a new insight into Antarctica's subglacial environment. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding Antarctica's sedimentary basins. We review advances in the technical capability of radar, potential fields, seismic, and electromagnetic techniques to detect and characterize basins beneath ice and advances in integrated multi-data interpretation including machine-learning approaches. These new capabilities permit a continent-wide mapping of Antarctica's sedimentary basins and their characteristics, aiding definition of the tectonic development of the continent. Crucially, Antarctica's sedimentary basins interact with the overlying ice sheet through dynamic feedbacks that have the potential to contribute to rapid ice-sheet change. Looking ahead, future research directions include techniques to increase data coverage within logistical constraints, and resolving major knowledge gaps, including insufficient sampling of the ice-sheet bed and poor definition of subglacial basin structure and stratigraphy. Translating the knowledge of sedimentary basin processes into ice-sheet modeling studies is critical to underpin better capacity to predict future change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 46
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    The Impacts of Optimizing Model‐Dependent Parameters on the Antarctic Sea Ice Data Assimilation (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(22), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-25
    Description: Given the role played by the historical and extensive coverage of sea ice concentration (SIC) observations in reconstructing the long‐term variability of Antarctic sea ice, and the limited attention given to model‐dependent parameters in current sea ice data assimilation studies, this study focuses on enhancing the performance of the Data Assimilation System for the Southern Ocean in assimilating SIC through optimizing the localization and observation error estimate, and two assimilation experiments were conducted from 1979 to 2018. By comparing the results with the sea ice extent of the Southern Ocean and the sea ice thickness in the Weddell Sea, it becomes evident that the experiment with optimizations outperforms that without optimizations due to achieving more reasonable error estimates. Investigating uncertainties of the sea ice volume anomaly modeling reveals the importance of the sea ice‐ocean interaction in the SIC assimilation, implying the necessity of assimilating more oceanic and sea‐ice observations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 47
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    Postdepositional Behavior of Molybdenum in Deep Sediments and Implications for Paleoredox Reconstruction (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(21), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-01
    Description: Molybdenum (Mo) is a trace element sensitive to oceanic redox conditions. The fidelity of sedimentary Mo as a paleoredox proxy of coeval seawater depends on the extent of Mo remobilization during postdepositional processes. Here we present the Mo content and isotope profiles for deep sediments from the Nankai Trough, Japan. The Mo signature suggests that these sediments have experienced extensive early diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration at depth. Iron (Fe)‐manganese (Mn) (oxyhydr)oxide alteration combined with Mo thiolation leads to a more than twenty‐fold enrichment of Mo within the sulfate reduction zone. Hydrothermal fluids and Mo adsorption onto Fe‐Mn (oxyhydr)oxides cause extremely negative Mo‐isotope values at the underthrust zone. These postdepositional Mo signals might be misinterpreted as expanded anoxia in the water column. Our findings highlight the importance of constraining postdepositional effects on Mo‐based proxies during paleoredox reconstruction.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 48
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    An Assessment of CO2 Uptake in the Arctic Ocean From 1985 to 2018 (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 37(11), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-19
    Description: As a contribution to the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we present synthesized estimates of Arctic Ocean sea-air CO2 fluxes and their uncertainties from surface ocean pCO2-observation products, ocean biogeochemical hindcast and data assimilation models, and atmospheric inversions. For the period of 1985–2018, the Arctic Ocean was a net sink of CO2 of 116 ± 4 TgC yr−1 in the pCO2 products, 92 ± 30 TgC yr−1 in the models, and 91 ± 21 TgC yr−1 in the atmospheric inversions. The CO2 uptake peaks in late summer and early autumn, and is low in winter when sea ice inhibits sea-air fluxes. The long-term mean CO2 uptake in the Arctic Ocean is primarily caused by steady-state fluxes of natural carbon (70% ± 15%), and enhanced by the atmospheric CO2 increase (19% ± 5%) and climate change (11% ± 18%). The annual mean CO2 uptake increased from 1985 to 2018 at a rate of 31 ± 13 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the pCO2 products, 10 ± 4 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the models, and 32 ± 16 TgC yr−1 dec−1 in the atmospheric inversions. Moreover, 77% ± 38% of the trend in the net CO2 uptake over time is caused by climate change, primarily due to rapid sea ice loss in recent years. Furthermore, true uncertainties may be larger than the given ensemble standard deviations due to common structural biases across all individual estimates.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 37(11), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.28 PgC yr−1) and pCO2-observation-based products (0.73 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1). This sink is only half that reported by RECCAP1 for the same region and timeframe. The present-day net uptake is to first order a response to rising atmospheric CO2, driving large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) into the ocean, thereby overcompensating the loss of natural CO2 to the atmosphere. An apparent knowledge gap is the increase of the sink since 2000, with pCO2-products suggesting a growth that is more than twice as strong and uncertain as that of GOBMs (0.26 ± 0.06 and 0.11 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 decade−1, respectively). This is despite nearly identical pCO2 trends in GOBMs and pCO2-products when both products are compared only at the locations where pCO2 was measured. Seasonal analyses revealed agreement in driving processes in winter with uncertainty in the magnitude of outgassing, whereas discrepancies are more fundamental in summer, when GOBMs exhibit difficulties in simulating the effects of the non-thermal processes of biology and mixing/circulation. Ocean interior accumulation of Cant points to an underestimate of Cant uptake and storage in GOBMs. Future work needs to link surface fluxes and interior ocean transport, build long overdue systematic observation networks and push toward better process understanding of drivers of the carbon cycle.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 50
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    Seasonal Variability of the Surface Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Synthesis (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 37(9), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-06
    Description: The seasonal cycle is the dominant mode of variability in the air-sea CO2 flux in most regions of the global ocean, yet discrepancies between different seasonality estimates are rather large. As part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2 project (RECCAP2), we synthesize surface ocean pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux seasonality from models and observation-based estimates, focusing on both a present-day climatology and decadal changes between the 1980s and 2010s. Four main findings emerge: First, global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs) and observation-based estimates (pCO2 products) of surface pCO2 seasonality disagree in amplitude and phase, primarily due to discrepancies in the seasonal variability in surface DIC. Second, the seasonal cycle in pCO2 has increased in amplitude over the last three decades in both pCO2 products and GOBMs. Third, decadal increases in pCO2 seasonal cycle amplitudes in subtropical biomes for both pCO2 products and GOBMs are driven by increasing DIC concentrations stemming from the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant). In subpolar and Southern Ocean biomes, however, the seasonality change for GOBMs is dominated by Cant invasion, whereas for pCO2 products an indeterminate combination of Cant invasion and climate change modulates the changes. Fourth, biome-aggregated decadal changes in the amplitude of pCO2 seasonal variability are largely detectable against both mapping uncertainty (reducible) and natural variability uncertainty (irreducible), but not at the gridpoint scale over much of the northern subpolar oceans and over the Southern Ocean, underscoring the importance of sustained high-quality seasonally resolved measurements over these regions.
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  • 51
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    Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 37(10), ISSN: 0886-6236
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-06
    Description: This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes the processes that determine the global ocean carbon sink, and its trends and variability over the period 1985–2018, using a combination of models and observation-based products. The mean sea-air CO2 flux from 1985 to 2018 is −1.6 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1 based on an ensemble of reconstructions of the history of sea surface pCO2 (pCO2 products). Models indicate that the dominant component of this flux is the net oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, which is estimated at −2.1 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 by an ensemble of ocean biogeochemical models, and −2.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1 by two ocean circulation inverse models. The ocean also degasses about 0.65 ± 0.3 PgC yr−1 of terrestrially derived CO2, but this process is not fully resolved by any of the models used here. From 2001 to 2018, the pCO2 products reconstruct a trend in the ocean carbon sink of −0.61 ± 0.12 PgC yr−1 decade−1, while biogeochemical models and inverse models diagnose an anthropogenic CO2-driven trend of −0.34 ± 0.06 and −0.41 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1 decade−1, respectively. This implies a climate-forced acceleration of the ocean carbon sink in recent decades, but there are still large uncertainties on the magnitude and cause of this trend. The interannual to decadal variability of the global carbon sink is mainly driven by climate variability, with the climate-driven variability exceeding the CO2-forced variability by 2–3 times. These results suggest that anthropogenic CO2 dominates the ocean CO2 sink, while climate-driven variability is potentially large but highly uncertain and not consistently captured across different methods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 52
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    Preconditioning of Summer Melt Ponds From Winter Sea Ice Surface Temperature (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(4), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-23
    Description: Comparing helicopter-borne surface temperature maps in winter and optical orthomosaics in summer from the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition, we find a strong geometric correlation between warm anomalies in winter and melt pond location the following summer. Warm anomalies are associated with thinner snow and ice, that is, surface depression and refrozen leads, that allow for water accumulation during melt. Warm surface temperature anomalies in January were 0.3–2.5 K warmer on sea ice that later formed melt ponds. A one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamic model shows that the observed surface temperature differences are in line with the observed ice thickness and snow depth. We demonstrate the potential of seasonal prediction of summer melt pond location and coverage from winter surface temperature observations. A threshold-based classification achieves a correct classification for 41% of the melt ponds.
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  • 53
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    Stable Barium Isotope Fractionation in Pore Waters of Estuarine Sediments (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 24(6), ISSN: 1525-2027
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 54
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    The Impact of Different Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Large Scale Miocene Temperature Signatures (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union (AGU), ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 55
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    Atmospheric CO2 concentration based on boron isotopes versus simulations of the global carbon cycle during the Plio‐Pleistocene (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 38, 22 p., pp. e2022PA004439-e2022PA004439, ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-30
    Description: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) beyond ice core records have been reconstructed from δ11B derived from planktic foraminifera found in equatorial sediment cores. Here, I applied a carbon cycle model over the Plio-Pleistocene to evaluate the assumptions leading to these numbers. During glacials times, simulated atmospheric pCO2 was unequilibrated with pCO2 in the equatorial surface ocean by up to 35 ppm while the δ11B-based approaches assume unchanged (quasi)equilibrium between both. In the Pliocene, δ11B-based estimates of surface ocean pH are lower in the Pacific than in the Atlantic resulting in higher calculated pCO2. This offset in pH between ocean basins is not supported by models. To calculate pCO2 in surface waters out of the δ11B-based pH some assumptions on either total alkalinity or dissolved inorganic carbon are necessary. However, the assumed values of these under-constrained variables were according to my results partly inconsistent with chemically possible combinations within the marine carbonate system. The model results show glacial/interglacial variability in total alkalinity of the order of 100 μmol/kg, which is rarely applied to proxy reconstructions. Simulated atmospheric pCO2 is tightly (r2 〉 0.9) related to equatorial surface-ocean pH, which can be used for consistency checks. Long-term trends in volcanic CO2 outgassing and the strength of the continental weathering fluxes are still unconstrained, allowing for a wide range of possible atmospheric pCO2 across the Plio-Pleistocene. Nevertheless, this carbon cycle analysis suggests that reported atmospheric pCO2 above 500 ppm in the Pliocene might, for various reasons, need to be revised to smaller numbers.
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    Stable Carbon Isotope Signature of Methane Released From Phytoplankton (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(12), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-01
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in global methane cycling and many field studies have reported methane supersaturation in the oxic surface mixed layer (SML) of the ocean and in the epilimnion of lakes. The origin of methane formed under oxic condition is hotly debated and several pathways have recently been offered to explain the “methane paradox.” In this context, stable isotope measurements have been applied to constrain methane sources in supersaturated oxygenated waters. Here we present stable carbon isotope signatures for six widespread marine phytoplankton species, three haptophyte algae and three cyanobacteria, incubated under laboratory conditions. The observed isotopic patterns implicate that methane formed by phytoplankton might be clearly distinguished from methane produced by methanogenic archaea. Comparing results from phytoplankton experiments with isotopic data from field measurements, suggests that algal and cyanobacterial populations may contribute substantially to methane formation observed in the SML of oceans and lakes.
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  • 57
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    Teardrop and Parabolic Lens Yield Curves for Viscous‐Plastic Sea Ice Models: New Constitutive Equations and Failure Angles (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 15(9), ISSN: 1942-2466
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-04
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Most viscous‐plastic sea ice models use the elliptical yield curve. This yield curve has a fundamental flaw: it excludes acute angles between deformation features at high resolution. Conceptually, the teardrop (TD) and parabolic lens (PL) yield curves offer an attractive alternative. These yield curves feature a non‐symmetrical shape, a Coulombic behavior for the low‐medium compressive stress, and a continuous transition to the ridging‐dominant mode, but their published formulation leads to negative or zero bulk and shear viscosities and, consequently, poor numerical convergence with stress states at times outside the yield curve. These issues are a consequence of the original assumption that the constitutive equations of the commonly used elliptical yield curve are also applicable to non‐symmetrical yield curves and yield curves with tensile strength. We derive a corrected formulation for the constitutive relations of the TD and PL yield curves. Results from simple uni‐axial loading experiments show that with the new formulation the numerical convergence of the solver improves and much smaller nonlinear residuals after a smaller number of total solver iterations can be reached, resulting in significant improvements in numerical efficiency and representation of the stress and deformation fields. The TD and PL yield curves lead to smaller angles of failure that better agree with observations. They are promising candidates to replace the elliptical yield curve in high‐resolution pan‐Arctic sea ice simulations.〈/jats:p〉
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    Future Arctic Climate Change in CMIP6 Strikingly Intensified by NEMO‐Family Climate Models (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(4), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Climate change in the Arctic has substantial impacts on human life and ecosystems both within and beyond the Arctic. Our analysis of CMIP6 simulations shows that some climate models project much larger Arctic climate change than other models, including changes in sea ice, ocean mixed layer, air-sea heat flux, and surface air temperature in wintertime. In particular, dramatic enhancement of Arctic Ocean convection down to a few hundred meters is projected in these models but not in others. Interestingly, these models employ the same ocean model family (NEMO) while the choice of models for the atmosphere and sea ice varies. The magnitude of Arctic climate change is proportional to the strength of the increase in poleward ocean heat transport, which is considerably higher in this group of models. Establishing the plausibility of this group of models with high Arctic climate sensitivity to anthropogenic forcing is imperative given the implied ramifications.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Turbulent heat exchange over polar leads revisited: A large eddy simulation study (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Sea ice leads play an important role in energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere in polar regions, and therefore must be considered in weather and climate models. As sea ice leads are not explicitly resolved in such models, lead-averaged surface heat flux is of considerable interest for the parameterization of energy exchange. Measurements and numerical studies have established that the lead-averaged surface heat flux depends not only on meteorological parameters, but also on lead width. Nonetheless, few studies to date have investigated the dependency of surface heat flux on lead width. Most findings on that dependency are based on observations with lead widths smaller than a few hundred meters, but leads can have widths from a few meters to several kilometers. In this parameter study, we present the results of three series of large-eddy simulations of turbulent exchange processes above leads. We varied the lead width and air temperature, as well as the roughness length. As this study focused on conditions without background wind, ice-breeze circulation occurred, and was the main driver of the adjustment of surface heat flux. A previous large-eddy simulation study with uncommonly large roughness length found that lead-averaged surface heat flux exhibited a distinct maximum at lead widths of about 3 km, while our results show the largest heat fluxes for the smallest leads simulated (lead width of 50 m). At more realistic roughness lengths, we observed monotonously increasing heat fluxes with increasing lead width. Further, new scaling laws for the ice-breeze circulation are proposed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Impact of Cyclonic Wind Anomalies Caused by Massive Winter Sea Ice Retreat in the Barents Sea on Atlantic Water Transport Toward the Arctic: A Model Study (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(3), ISSN: 2169-9275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The Arctic is warming much faster than the global average. This is known as Arctic Amplification and is caused by feedbacks in the local climate system. In this study, we explore a previously proposed hypothesis that an associated wind feedback in the Barents Sea could play an important role by increasing the warm water inflow into the Barents Sea. We find that the strong recent decrease in Barents Sea winter sea ice cover causes enhanced ocean-atmosphere heat flux and a local air temperature increase, thus a reduction in sea level pressure and a local cyclonic wind anomaly with eastward winds in the Barents Sea Opening. By investigating various reanalysis products and performing high-resolution perturbation experiments with the ocean and sea ice model FESOM2.1, we studied the impact of cyclonic atmospheric circulation changes on the warm Atlantic Water import into the Arctic via the Barents Sea and Fram Strait. We found that the observed wind changes do not significantly affect the warm water transport into the Barents Sea, which rejects the wind-feedback hypothesis. At the same time, the cyclonic wind anomalies in the Barents Sea increase the amount of Atlantic Water recirculating westwards in Fram Strait by a downslope shift of the West Spitsbergen Current, and thus reduce Atlantic Water reaching the Arctic basin via Fram Strait. The resulting warm-water anomaly in the Greenland Sea Gyre drives a local anticyclonic circulation anomaly.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    On the polar bias in ice core 10Be data (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 62
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    Local Seismicity and Sediment Deformation in the West Svalbard Margin: Implications of Neotectonics for Seafloor Seepage (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 24(12), ISSN: 1525-2027
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: In the Fram Strait, mid-ocean ridge spreading is represented by the ultra-slow system of the Molloy Ridge, the Molloy Transform Fault and the Knipovich Ridge. Sediments on oceanic and continental crust are gas charged and there are several locations with documented seafloor seepage. Sedimentary faulting shows recent stress release in the sub-surface, but the drivers of stress change and its influence on fluid flow are not entirely understood. We present here the results of an 11-month-long ocean bottom seismometer survey conducted over the highly faulted sediment drift northwards from the Knipovich Ridge to monitor seismicity and infer the regional state of stress. We obtain a detailed earthquake catalog that improves the spatial resolution of mid-ocean ridge seismicity compared with published data. Seismicity at the Molloy Transform Fault is occurring southwards from the bathymetric imprint of the fault, as supported by a seismic profile. Earthquakes in the northern termination of the Knipovich Ridge extend eastwards from the ridge valley, which together with syn-rift faulting identified in seismic reflection data, suggests that a portion of the currently active spreading center is buried under sediments away from the bathymetric expression of the rift valley. This hints at the direct link between crustal rifting processes and faulting in shallow sediments. Two earthquakes occur close to the seepage system of the Vestnesa Ridge further north from the network. We suggest that deeper rift structures, reactivated by gravity and/or post-glacial subsidence, may lead to accommodation of stress through shallow extensional faults, therefore impacting seepage dynamics.
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  • 63
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    Snow‐Atmosphere Humidity Exchange at the Ice Sheet Surface Alters Annual Mean Climate Signals in Ice Core Records (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(20), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Description: Surface processes alter the water stable isotope signal of the surface snow after deposition. However, it remains an open question to which extent surface post-depositional processes should be considered when inferring past climate information from ice core records. Here, we present simulations for the Greenland Ice Sheet, combining outputs from two climate models with an isotope-enabled snowpack model. We show that surface vapor exchange and associated fractionation imprint a climate signal into the firn, resulting in an increase in the annual mean value of δ18O by +2.3‰ and a reduction in d-excess by −6.3‰. Further, implementing isotopic fractionation during surface vapor exchange improves the representation of the observed seasonal amplitude in δ18O from 65.0% to 100.2%. Our results stress that surface vapor exchange is important in the climate proxy signal formation and needs consideration when interpreting ice core climate records.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Implications of Snowpack Reactive Bromine Production for Arctic Ice Core Bromine Preservation (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(20), ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Snowpack emissions are recognized as an important source of gas-phase reactive bromine in the Arctic and are necessary to explain ozone depletion events in spring caused by the catalytic destruction of ozone by halogen radicals. Quantifying bromine emissions from snowpack is essential for interpretation of ice-core bromine. We present ice-core bromine records since the pre-industrial (1750 CE) from six Arctic locations and examine potential post-depositional loss of snowpack bromine using a global chemical transport model. Trend analysis of the ice-core records shows that only the high-latitude coastal Akademii Nauk (AN) ice core from the Russian Arctic preserves significant trends since pre-industrial times that are consistent with trends in sea ice extent and anthropogenic emissions from source regions. Model simulations suggest that recycling of reactive bromine on the snow skin layer (top 1 mm) results in 9–17% loss of deposited bromine across all six ice-core locations. Reactive bromine production from below the snow skin layer and within the snow photic zone is potentially more important, but the magnitude of this source is uncertain. Model simulations suggest that the AN core is most likely to preserve an atmospheric signal compared to five Greenland ice cores due to its high latitude location combined with a relatively high snow accumulation rate. Understanding the sources and amount of photochemically reactive snow bromide in the snow photic zone throughout the sunlit period in the high Arctic is essential for interpreting ice-core bromine, and warrants further lab studies and field observations at inland locations.
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  • 65
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    Anthropogenic Perturbations Change the Quality and Quantity of Terrestrial Carbon Flux to the Coastal Ocean (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(10), ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Human activities have increasingly changed terrestrial particulate organic carbon (POC) export to the coastal ocean since the Industrial Age (19th century). However, the influence of human perturbations on the composition and flux of terrestrial biospheric and petrogenic POC sub-pools remains poorly constrained. Here, we examined 13C and 14C compositions of bulk POC and source-specific biomarkers (fatty acids, FA) from two nearshore sediment cores collected in the Pearl River-derived mudbelt, to determine the impacts of human perturbations of the Pearl River watershed on the burial of terrestrial POC in the coastal ocean over the last century. Our results show that although agricultural practices and deforestation during the 1930s–1950s increased C4 plant coverage in the watershed, the export fluxes of terrestrial biospheric and petrogenic POC remained rather unchanged; however, added perturbations since 1974, including increasing coal consumption, embankment and dam constructions caused massive export of both petrogenic POC and relatively fresh terrestrial biospheric POC from the river delta. Our data reveal that human activities substantially enhance the transfer of petrogenic POC and fresh biospheric POC to the coastal ocean after ca. 1974, with the latter process acting as an important sink for anthropogenic CO2.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Permafrost Peatlands Remain Negligible After Wildfire and Thermokarst Disturbance (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(4), ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: The greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of boreal peatlands in permafrost regions will be affected by climate change through disturbances such as permafrost thaw and wildfire. Although the future GHG balance of boreal peatlands including ponds is dominated by the exchange of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), disturbance impacts on fluxes of the potent GHG nitrous oxide (N2O) could contribute to shifts in the net radiative balance. Here, we measured monthly (April to October) fluxes of N2O, CH4, and CO2 from three sites located across the sporadic and discontinuous permafrost zones of western Canada. Undisturbed permafrost peat plateaus acted as N2O sinks (−0.025 mg N2O m−2 d−1), but N2O uptake was lower from burned plateaus (−0.003 mg N2O m−2 d−1) and higher following permafrost thaw in the thermokarst bogs (−0.054 mg N2O m−2 d−1). The thermokarst bogs had below-ambient N2O soil gas concentrations, suggesting that denitrification consumed atmospheric N2O during reduction to dinitrogen. Atmospheric uptake of N2O in peat plateaus and thermokarst bogs increased with soil temperature and soil moisture, suggesting sensitivity of N2O consumption to further climate change. Four of five peatland ponds acted as N2O sinks (−0.018 mg N2O m−2 d−1), with no influence of thermokarst expansion. One pond with high nitrate concentrations had high N2O emissions (0.30 mg N2O m−2 d−1). Overall, our study suggests that the future net radiative balance of boreal peatlands will be dominated by impacts of wildfire and permafrost thaw on CH4 and CO2 fluxes, while the influence from N2O is minor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Assessing Seasonal and Inter‐Annual Marine Sediment Climate Proxy Data (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 38(10), ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: Three recently published papers including Napier et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004355) utilize novel microanalytical approaches with varved marine sediments to demonstrate the potential to reconstruct seasonal and inter-annual climate variability. Obtaining paleoclimate data at a resolution akin to the observational record is vitally important for improving our understanding of climate phenomena such as monsoons and modes of variability such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation, for which appraisals of past inter-annual variability is critical. The ability to generate seasonal and inter annual resolution sea surface temperature proxy time series spanning a thousand years or more is revolutionary and has the potential to fill gaps in our knowledge of climate variability. Although generally limited to sediments from regions with oxygen depleted bottom waters, there is great potential to integrate shorter seasonal resolution climate “snap shots” from other archives such as annually banded corals into composite time series. But as paleoceanographic data are used more by the observational and modeling fields, we make the case for conducting a thorough case-by-case assessment of the processes that influence the climate signal recovered from proxies, using careful replication to validate new approaches. Understanding or exploring the potential influence of processes which effectively filter the climate signal will lead to more quantitative paleoceanographic data that will better serve the broader climate science community.
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    The Subglacial Lake That Wasn't There: Improved Interpretation From Seismic Data Reveals a Sediment Bedform at Isunnguata Sermia (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(10), ISSN: 2169-9003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: Radio Echo Sounding (RES) surveys conducted in May 2010 and April 2011 revealed a 2 km2 flat area with increased bed reflectivity at the base of Isunnguata Sermia at the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This flat reflector was located within a localized subglacial hydraulic potential (hydropotential) minimum, as part of a complex and elongated trough system. By analogy with comparable features in Antarctica, the initial interpretation of such a feature was a potential subglacial lake. In September 2013 a co-located seismic survey revealed a 1,750 m by 540 and 37 m thick stratified lens-shaped bedform at the base of a subglacial trough system. Amplitude Versus Angle (AVA) analysis yields a derived reflection coefficient R = 0.09 ± 0.14 indicative of consolidated sediments possibly overlain by dilatant till. The bed and flank on the northern side of the trough consist of unconsolidated, possibly water-bearing sediments with R = −0.10 ± 0.08, whereas on the southern side it consists of more consolidated material. We interpret the trough as a key component of the wider subglacial drainage network, for which the sediments on its northern side act as a localized water-storage reservoir. Given the observation of seasonally forming and rapidly draining supraglacial meltwater lakes in this area, we interpret the lens-shaped bedform as deposited by episodically ponding meltwater within the subglacial trough system. Our results highlight the importance of transient subglacial hydrological and sedimentological processes such as drainage events for the interaction of ice sheets and their substrates, to understand ice dynamics in a warming climate.
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    Quantifying Sub\xe2\x80\x90Seasonal Growth Rate Changes in Fossil Giant Clams Using Wavelet Transformation of Daily Mg/Ca Cycles (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems vol. 24 no. 10
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-08
    Description: Shells of the giant clam Tridacna can provide decade-long records of past environmental conditions via their geochemical composition and structurally through growth banding. Counting the daily bands can give an accurate internal age model with high temporal resolution, but daily banding is not always visually retrievable, especially in fossil specimens. We show that daily geochemical cycles (e.g., Mg/Ca) are resolvable via highly spatially resolved laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS; 3 \xc3\x97 33 \xce\xbcm laser slit) in our Miocene (\xe2\x88\xbc10 Ma) specimen, even in areas where daily banding is not visually discernible. By applying wavelet transformation on the measured daily geochemical cycles, we quantify varying daily growth rates throughout the shell. These growth rates are thus used to build an internal age model independent of optical daily band countability. Such an age model can be used to convert the measured elemental ratios from a function of distance to a function of time, which helps evaluate paleoenvironmental proxy data, for example, regarding the timing of sub-seasonal events. Furthermore, the quantification of daily growth rates across the shell facilitates the evaluation of (co)dependencies between growth rates and corresponding elemental compositions.
    Keywords: Tridacna
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    A Snapshot on the Buildup of the Stable Water Isotopic Signal in the Upper Snowpack at EastGRIP on the Greenland Ice Sheet (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(2), ISSN: 2169-9003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: The stable water isotopic composition in firn and ice cores provides valuable information on past climatic conditions. Because of uneven accumulation and post-depositional modifications on local spatial scales up to hundreds of meters, time series derived from adjacent cores differ significantly and do not directly reflect the temporal evolution of the precipitated snow isotopic signal. Hence, a characterization of how the isotopic profile in the snow develops is needed to reliably interpret the isotopic variability in firn and ice cores. By combining digital elevation models of the snow surface and repeated high-resolution snow sampling for stable water isotope measurements of a transect at the East Greenland Ice-core Project campsite on the Greenland Ice Sheet, we are able to visualize the buildup and post-depositional changes of the upper snowpack across one summer season. To this end, 30 cm deep snow profiles were sampled on six dates at 20 adjacent locations along a 40 m transect. Near-daily photogrammetry provided snow height information for the same transect. Our data shows that erosion and redeposition of the original snowfall lead to a complex stratification in the δ18O signature. Post-depositional processes through vapor-snow exchange affect the near surface snow with d-excess showing a decrease in surface and near-surface layers. Our data suggests that the interplay of stratigraphic noise, accumulation intermittency, and local post-depositional processes form the proxy signal in the upper snowpack.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Fast Ice Thickness Distribution in the Western Ross Sea in Late Spring (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(2), ISSN: 2169-9275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-01
    Description: We present a 700 km airborne electromagnetic survey of late-spring fast ice and sub-ice platelet layer (SIPL) thickness distributions from McMurdo Sound to Cape Adare, providing a first-time inventory of fast ice thickness close to its annual maximum. The overall mode of the consolidated ice (including snow) thickness was 1.9 m, less than its mean of 2.6 ± 1.0 m. Our survey was partitioned into level and rough ice, and SIPL thickness was estimated under level ice. Although level ice, with a mode of 2.0 m and mean of 2.0 ± 0.6 m, was prevalent, rough ice occupied 41% of the transect by length, 50% by volume, and had a mode of 3.3 m and mean of 3.2 ± 1.2 m. The thickest 10% of rough ice was almost 6 m on average, inclusive of a 2 km segment thicker than 8 m in Moubray Bay. The thickest ice occurred predominantly along the northwestern Ross Sea, due to compaction against the coast. The adjacent pack ice was thinner (by ∼1 m) than the first-year fast ice. In Silverfish Bay, offshore Hells Gate Ice Shelf, New Harbor, and Granite Harbor, the SIPL transect volume was a significant fraction (0.30) of the consolidated ice volume. The thickest 10% of SIPLs averaged nearly 3 m thick, and near Hells Gate Ice Shelf the SIPL was almost 10 m thick, implying vigorous heat loss to the ocean (∼90 W m −2). We conclude that polynya-induced ice deformation and interaction with continental ice influence fast ice thickness in the western Ross Sea.
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    Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Arctic Boundary Current North of Severnaya Zemlya (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(1), ISSN: 2169-9275
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: We assessed the spatial and temporal variability of the Arctic Boundary Current (ABC) using seven oceanographic moorings, deployed across the continental slope north of Severnaya Zemlya in 2015–2018. Transports and individual water masses were quantified based on temperature and salinity recorders and current profilers. Our results were compared with observations from the northeast Svalbard and the central Laptev Sea continental slopes to evaluate the hydrographic transformation along the ABC pathway. The highest velocities (〉0.30 m s−1) of the ABC occurred at the upper continental slope and decreased offshore to below 0.03 m s−1 in the deep basin. The ABC showed seasonal variability with velocities two times higher in winter than in summer. Compared to upstream conditions in Svalbard, water mass distribution changed significantly within 20 km of the shelf edge due to mixing with- and intrusion of shelf waters. The ABC transported 4.15 ± 0.3 Sv in the depth range 50–1,000 m, where 0.88 ± 0.1, 1.5 ± 0.2, 0.61 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.15 Sv corresponded to Atlantic Water (AW), Dense Atlantic Water (DAW), Barents Sea Branch Water (BSBW) and Transformed Atlantic Water (TAW). 62–70% of transport was constrained to within 30–40 km of the shelf edge, and beyond 84 km, transport increases were estimated to be 0.54 Sv. Seasonality of TAW derived from local shelf-processes and advection of seasonal-variable Fram Strait waters, while BSBW transport variability was dominated by temperature changes with maximum transport coinciding with minimum temperatures. Further Barents Sea warming will likely reduce TAW and BSBW transport leading to warmer conditions along the ABC pathway.
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    Moisture Sources and Pathways Determine Stable Isotope Signature of Himalayan Waters in Nepal (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3AGU Advances, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 4(1), ISSN: 2576-604X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: The Himalayan mountain range produces one of the steepest and largest rainfall gradients on Earth, with 〉3 m/yr rainfall difference over a ∼100 km distance. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) contributes more than 80% to the annual precipitation budget of the central Himalayas. The remaining 20% falls mainly during pre-ISM season. Understanding the seasonal cycle and the transfer pathways of moisture from precipitation to the rivers is crucial for constraining water availability in a warming climate. However, the partitioning of moisture into the different storage systems such as snow, glacier, and groundwater and their relative contribution to river discharge throughout the year remains under-constrained. Here, we present novel field data from the Kali Gandaki, a trans-Himalayan river, and use 4-year time series of river and rain water stable isotope composition (δ18O and δ2H values) as well as river discharge, satellite Global Precipitation Measurement amounts, and moisture source trajectories to constrain hydrological variability. We find that rainfall before the onset of the ISM is isotopically distinct and that ISM rain and groundwater have similar isotopic values. Our study lays the groundwork for using isotopic measurements to track changes in precipitation sources during the pre-ISM to ISM transition in this key region of orographic precipitation. Specifically, we highlight the role of pre-ISM precipitation, derived from the Gangetic plain, to define the seasonal river isotopic variability across the central Himalayas. Lastly, isotopic values across the catchment document the importance of a large well-mixed groundwater reservoir supplying river discharge, especially during the non-ISM season.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Contrasting Seasonal Isotopic Signatures of Near‐Surface Atmospheric Water Vapor in the Central Arctic During the MOSAiC Campaign (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 128(24), ISSN: 2169-897X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: The Arctic is experiencing unprecedented moistening which is expected to have far-reaching impact on global climate and weather patterns. However, it remains unclear whether this newly sourced moisture originates locally from ice-free ocean regions or is advected from lower latitudes. In this study, we use water vapor isotope measurements in combination with trajectory-based diagnostics and an isotope-enabled atmosphere general circulation model, to assess seasonal shifts in moisture sources and transport pathways in the Arctic. Continuous measurements of near-surface vapor, δ18O, and δD were performed onboard RV Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. Combining this isotope data set with meteorological observations reveals that the spatiotemporal evolution of δ18O mimics changes in local temperature and humidity at synoptic to seasonal time scales, while corresponding d-excess changes suggest a seasonal shift in the origin of moisture. Simulation results from the particle dispersion model FLEXPART support these findings, indicating that summer moisture originates from nearby open ocean, while winter moisture comes from more remote sources with longer residence time over sea-ice. Results from a nudged ECHAM6-wiso simulation also indicate that evaporative processes from the ocean surface reproduce summer isotope values, but are insufficient to explain measured winter isotope values. Our study provides the first isotopic characterization of Central Arctic moisture over the course of an entire year, helping to differentiate the influence of local processes versus large-scale vapor transport on Arctic moistening. Future process-based investigations should focus on assessing the non-equilibrium isotopic fractionation during airmass transformation over sea-ice.
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    Snow Loss Into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event (2023)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 50(12), ISSN: 0094-8276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause significant wintertime snow loss. However, there are no direct measurements of snow loss into Arctic leads. We measured the snow lost in four leads in the Central Arctic in winter 2020. We find, contrary to expectations, that under typical winter conditions, minimal snow was lost into leads. However, during a cyclone that delivered warm air temperatures, high winds, and snowfall, 35.0 ± 1.1 cm snow water equivalent (SWE) was lost into a lead (per unit lead area). This corresponded to a removal of 0.7–1.1 cm SWE from the entire surface—∼6%–10% of this site's annual snow precipitation. Warm air temperatures, which increase the length of time that wintertime leads remain unfrozen, may be an underappreciated factor in snow loss into leads.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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    Advanced Modeling with the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: A follow-up to An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation using MATLAB/GNU Octave, this book introduces more advanced functionality recently added to the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). Like the original textbook, it will be invaluable for researchers, professionals and advanced students using reservoir simulation methods.
    Keywords: Reservoir geomechanics ; petroleum geoscience ; petroleum engineering ; exploration geoscience ; geophysics ; structural geology ; fluid dynamics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities::KNBP Petroleum & oil industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Fluid mechanics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Mechanics of fluids
    Language: English
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    The Disinformation Age (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Understanding the post-fact era requires going beyond foreign influence or the rise of social media. This examination of the origins and workings of the US disinformation system shows how political strategies and communication practices have undermined authoritative democratic institutions. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: political science ; media ; communication ; journalism ; history ; sociology
    Language: English
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    Book Clubs and Book Commerce (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In the twentieth century, cumulative millions of readers received books by mail from clubs like Book-of-the-Month Club. This Element offers an introduction to book clubs as a distribution channel and cultural phenomenon, and shows that book clubs and book commerce are linked inextricably. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: publishing ; book culture ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNP Retail and wholesale industries ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry and journalism::KNTP1 Publishing and book trade ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJC Business strategy
    Language: English
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    Global Governance in a World of Change (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Global governance is changing, yet many disagree about how. This book introduces the idea of modes of governance, examining three different kinds – markets, hierarchies, and networks – and their evolution in contemporary world politics. This framework offers a fundamentally different way to analyse changes in global governance.
    Keywords: international relations ; international organizations ; global governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSN International institutions::JPSN1 United Nations & UN agencies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
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    The Network Turn (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This Element contends that networks are a category of study that cuts across traditional academic barriers, uniting diverse disciplines through a shared understanding of complexity in our world. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: publishing ; literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSR Literary reference works
    Language: English
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    The Political Regulation Wave (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Why has there been uneven success in reducing air pollution even in the same locality over time? This book offers an innovative theorization of how local political incentives can systematically affect bureaucratic regulation and empirically examines the control of different air pollutants in China and – to a lesser extent – in Mexico.?
    Keywords: political theory ; environmental law and engineering ; China studies ; air pollution studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory
    Language: English
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    Knowing Women (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: This intimate study focuses on the everyday lives of working-class women who love women in Ghana. Set in the context of the political, economic and social developments affecting people's lives across Africa, it goes beyond LGBT rights by including desires and intimacies not captured in categories of sexual identity.
    Keywords: African studies ; LGBT and queer studies ; gender studies ; feminist theory ; social and cultural anthropology ; postcolonial studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFK Feminism & feminist theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::B Biography & True Stories::BT True stories::BTX Erotic confessions & true stories ; bic Book Industry Communication::V Health & personal development::VF Family & health::VFV Family & relationships
    Language: English
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    Law Student Professional Development and Formation (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Although law schools do an excellent job of helping students to 'think like a lawyer', data show that clients, employers, and the legal system require a greater range of competencies. This book offers actionable steps to legal educators to help develop each student's professional identity.
    Keywords: legal education and practice ; law and society ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAS Legal skills & practice
    Language: English
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    Electron Scattering for Nuclear and Nucleon Structure (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The scattering of high-energy electrons from nuclear and nucleon targets provides a microscope for examining the structure of these tiny objects. The best evidence we have on what nuclei and nucleons actually look like comes from electron scattering. This 2001 book examines the motivation for electron scattering and develops the theoretical analysis of the process. It discusses our theoretical understanding of the underlying structure of nuclei and nucleons at appropriate levels of resolution and sophistication, and summarizes experimental electron scattering capabilities. Only a working knowledge of quantum mechanics and special relativity is assumed, making this a suitable textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses. It will also provide a valuable summary and reference for researchers already working in electron scattering and other areas of nuclear and particle physics. This text has been reissued as an Open Access publication.
    Keywords: Particle physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    Personalized medicine, individual choice and the common good (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: law; medicine; medico legal; bioethics and health law; ethics; philosophy
    Keywords: law; medicine; medico legal; bioethics and health law; ethics; philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bio-ethics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Universities and public research institutes play a key role in enabling the application of scientific breakthroughs and innovations in the marketplace. This book, available also as Open Access, suggests the most effective policies to support the transfer of knowledge to firms in order to boost economic growth and foster innovation.
    Keywords: intellectual property law ; economics ; innovation ; development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNR Intellectual property law ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJH Entrepreneurship
    Language: English
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    Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: An accessible overview of the challenges in tackling AMR, and the economic and policy responses of the 'One Health' approach. It will appeal to policy-makers seeking to strengthen national and local polices tackling AMR, as well as students and academics who want an overview of the latest scientific evidence regarding effective AMR policies.
    Keywords: health systems ; health policies ; health administration ; health economics ; health management ; public policy ; agricultural sciences ; epidemiology ; superbugs ; antibiotic resistance ; drug resistance ; antiobiotic stewardship ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCQ Health economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems & services ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
    Language: English
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    The Transformation of Historical Research in the Digital Age (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Almost all aspects of the historian's research workflow have been transformed by digital technology. The Transformation of Historical Research in the Digital Age equips historians to be self-conscious practitioners by making these shifts explicit and exploring their long-term impact. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: history and theory ; research methods and approaches ; history of ideas ; global history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general
    Language: English
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    Hong Kong (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: CK Lee situates the post-1997 China–Hong Kong contestation in the broader context of 'global China.' While Beijing deploys numerous power mechanisms globally, this Chinese power project has triggered countermovements from Asia to Africa. Hong Kong, stunning and singular in its many peculiarities, offers lessons about China as a global force.
    Keywords: China studies ; Chinese politics and society ; Chinese history ; global studies. ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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    Translation as Experimentalism (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This Element argues for a perspective on literary translation based around ludification, using concrete poetry as a test case. It questions assumptions about translatability and opens up the discursive space of literary writing to transgressive articulation and multimodal performance. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: translation ; interpreting ; applied linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFP Translation and interpretation ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFG Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTD Semiotics / semiology
    Language: English
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    The Arab Spring Abroad (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: Diasporas can undermine authoritarian regimes from abroad, but when and how do they become transnational forces for change? By comparing diaspora activism for the Arab Spring revolutions, this book identifies the social forces that make diaspora activism a powerful tool for rebellion and relief.
    Keywords: sociology ; political science ; Middle East studies ; international migration
    Language: English
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    The Economisation of Climate Change (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: International economic institutions economise climate change, treating it as an economic rather than environmental issue. This book explores how three such institutions - G20, IMF, OECD - have addressed climate finance and fossil fuel subsidies, and the consequences of the economisation of climate change. Also available as Open Access.
    Keywords: climate change ; environmental policy ; environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities::KNBP Petroleum & oil industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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    Surgery and Selfhood in Early Modern England (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Offering an innovative perspective on debates concerning embodiment in the early modern period, Alanna Skuse examines diverse kinds of surgical alteration, from mastectomy to castration, and amputation to facial reconstruction. Body-altering surgeries had profound socio-economic and philosophical consequences. They reached beyond the physical self, and prompted early modern authors to develop searching questions about the nature of body integrity and its relationship to the soul: was the body a part of one’s identity, or a mere ‘prison’ for the mind? How was the body connected to personal morality? What happened to the altered body after death? Drawing on a wide variety of texts including medical treatises, plays, poems, newspaper reports, and travel writings, this volume will argue that the answers to these questions were flexible, divergent, and often surprising, and helped to shape early modern thoughts on philosophy, literature, and the natural sciences. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: Literature, Renaissance and Early Modern Literature, British History after 1450, History ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    The Anglo-Norman Historical Canon (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Contributes to the ongoing debate on what it meant to publish a book in manuscript. Offers case-studies of twelfth-century Anglo-Norman historians. Argues that their contemporary success was a result of successfully conducted publishing activities. This Element is also available as Open Access.
    Keywords: publishing ; literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry and journalism::KNTP1 Publishing and book trade
    Language: English
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    A Sociology of Transnational Constitutions (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: This book examines the social processes that lead to the evolution of legal norms with global constitutional standing in contemporary society. It makes an important contribution to the sociology of constitutional law, post-legal national legal processes and human rights law. This title is also available as Open Access.
    Keywords: constitutional sociology ; politics ; history of ideas ; political sociology ; sociology of knowledge ; constitutional history ; social theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBA Social theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCX History of ideas
    Language: English
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    The Theory, Practice, and Interpretation of Customary International Law (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: This volume discusses the theory, practice, and interpretation of customary international law, as well as new developments and future research trajectories. Combining discussions of familiar concepts with new ideas, it is useful for researchers, scholars, and practitioners of international law. Available Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: international law ; international relations ; global politics ; legal theory ; studies on international courts and tribunals ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law
    Language: English
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    Philosophy of Immunology (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In this Element, Thomas Pradeu considers the ways in which current immunology sheds light on some of the most important contemporary philosophical issues, from the persistence of identity through time to the interaction of mind and body. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: philosophy of biology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology
    Language: English
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    The Power of the Periphery (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: What is the source of Norway's culture of environmental harmony in our troubled world? Exploring the role of Norwegian scholar-activists of the late twentieth century, Anker shows how their portrayal of Norway as a pristine natural environment of the periphery led to it being fashioned as an idealised ecological microcosm. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: environmental history ; twentieth-century European history ; history of science and technology ; history of Scandinavia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Global China as Method (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: After four decades of integration into the global socioeconomic system, discussions of China continue to be framed by a core assumption: that the country represents a fundamentally different and separate 'other'. This Element seeks to illuminate the ways in which China and it's people form an integral part of the global capitalist system.
    Keywords: China studies ; Chinese politics and society ; chinese history ; global studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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    Geographical Indications at the Crossroads of Trade, Development, and Culture (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: This volume, edited by renowned intellectual property scholars, fills a gap in the literature by focusing on geographical indications (GIs) for the nations in the Asia-Pacific region. Geographical indicators are an issue of interest to intellectual property, international trade, and economic development scholars and practitioners. The book is also available as Open Access.
    Keywords: intellectual property ; international trade ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNR Intellectual property law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBM International economic & trade law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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