ALBERT

Description: A standard CTD system from Sea-Bird Electronics Inc SBE911+ with duplicate temperature and conductivity sensors was used to measure temperature, conductivity and pressure at 86 stations during an expedition to the Kara and Laptev Seas and the adjacent Arctic Ocean in August-September 2021 aboard the research vessel “Akademik Tryoshnikov”. We followed the manufacturer's recommendation to calculate salinity with Seabird processing software. The salinity is given as Practical Salinity (PSU). Data were averaged in depth bins of 1 m. The processed, but not bin-averaged, cnv-files from each station are also part of this publication (zip file). The accuracy of the conductivity sensors was verified by measurements on water samples with a salinometer. The data set published here includes only the data from the first conductivity (SN 3290) and temperature (SN 4127) sensors. Only at station 26 the data of the second sensor pair (SN 2618/Cond, SN 5115/Temp) were used. The CTD was connected to an SBE32 carousel water sampler with 24 12-liter bottles. Additionally, a Wetlabs ECO-AFL Fluorometer was connected to the SBE911+ system. The data are provided by the Arctic Century Expedition, a joint initiative led by the Swiss Polar Institute (SPI), the Antarctic and Arctic Research Institute (AARI) and GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) and funded by the Swiss Polar Foundation, AARI, Minobrnauki (CATS RFMEFI61619X0108) and BMBF (CATS 03F0831).

Description: CTD data was obtained in the period April-June 2014 in Young Sound, Greenland. CTD casts were performed using an SBE-19 plus CTD (accuracy: ±0.005 C and ±0.0005 Sm-1) which was lowered through ice-drilled holes. In total, 4 transects were performed and covered from the mouth to the head of the fjord. Standardized routines of Seabird software were used on the data set for quality control and bin averaging. The data sets consist of profiles of practical salinity, temperature, potential temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, and irradiance (PAR). For further details see Boone et al., 2017 (Circulation and fjord-shelf exchange during the ice-covered period in Young Sound-Tyrolerfjord, Northwest Greenland (74o N). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 15, 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.021).

Description: Underway-CTD (UCTD) data were collected during an August-September 2021 expedition to the Arctic Ocean aboard the RV Akademik Tryoshnikov. The underway CTD manufactured by Ocean Science is a self-contained free-falling probe measuring temperature, conductivity, depth while the ship is transiting. The UCTD was operated mostly in yoyo-mode during selected transects on the shelf of the Kara and Laptev Seas and between the shelf and the basin across the continental slope of the Eurasian Basin while the ship was transiting with 4 - 10 knots. The UCTD probe records the start time of the measurements and stores 16 samples each second internally. The exact location of each profile was subsequently found based on the time stamp from the cruise track. The unpumped conductivity sensor has a slower response time than the temperature sensor, which makes the computation of salinity from conductivity and temperature potentially spiky, especially in the pycnocline or in frontal regions. We followed the recommendation of the manufacturer to calculate salinity with Seabird processing software. The salinity is given as Practical Salinity (PSU). The raw data profiles are provided as well and can be reprocessed if desired. In shallower waters (〈300 m), the water column was profiled all the way to the seafloor, while in deeper waters, only the upper 300-600 m were sampled. The UCTD was calibrated against a Seabird 9+ CTD during the cruise. The upper 5 m of the data were discarded due to the influence of the ship. The icebreaker Akademik Tyoshnikov has a deep draft. Mixing of the water column caused by the ship can reach depths of up to about 10 m, depending on the weather conditions and the ship's speed. The data are provided by the Arctic Century Expedition, a joint initiative led by the Swiss Polar Institute (SPI), the Antarctic and Arctic Research Institute (AARI) and GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) and funded by the Swiss Polar Foundation, AARI, Minobrnauki (CATS RFMEFI61619X0108) and BMBF (CATS 03F0831)

Description: A standard CTD system from Sea-Bird Electronics Inc SBE911+ with duplicate temperature and conductivity sensors was used to measure temperature, conductivity and pressure at 81 stations during an expedition to the Kara and Laptev Seas and the adjacent Arctic Ocean in August-September 2021 aboard the research vessel Akademik Tryoshnikov. We followed the recommendation of the manufacturer to calculate salinity with Seabird processing software. The salinity is given as Practical Salinity (PSU). The accuracy of the conductivity sensors was verified by measurements on water samples with a salinometer. The data set published here includes only the data from the first conductivity (SN 3290) and temperature (SN 4127) sensors. Only at station 26 the data of the second sensor pair (SN 2618/Cond, SN 5115/Temp) were used. The CTD was connected to a SBE32 Carousel Water Sampler with 24 12-liter bottles. Additionally, a Benthos Altimeter and a Wetlabs ECO-AFL Fluorometer were connected to the SBE911+ system. At 69 stations, 846 seawater samples were collected for analysis of dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonium, silicate), oxygen, total alkalinity, and pH. Dissolved inorganic nutrients were analyzed using a segmented flow analyzer from Seal Analytical. Ammonium was measured manually (colorimetric method) using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1800). Dissolved oxygen was determined by the standard Winkler titration method using a Metrohm 916 TiTouch automatic titrator and a handheld titrator (BRAND). pH and total alkalinity were measured by potentiometric titration using an automatic titrator (Metrohm 916 TiTouch). The data are provided by the Arctic Century Expedition, a joint initiative led by the Swiss Polar Institute (SPI), the Antarctic and Arctic Research Institute (AARI) and GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) and funded by the Swiss Polar Foundation, AARI, Minobrnauki (CATS RFMEFI61619X0108) and BMBF (CATS 03F0831).

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring AK1 in the eastern Arctic Ocean north of Severnaya Zemlya (81.845 °N, 94.342 °E, water depth 305 m) in 2015 - 2018. The mooring was deployed during Akademik Tryoshnikov expedition AT2015 as part of the NSF-funded NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) - program and recovered during AT2018, which was jointly organized between NABOS and the German BMBF-funded CATS (Changing Arctic Transpolar System)-project. The attached archive contains processed current velocities and hydrographic data recorded with Seabird SBE37 microcats, RDI Acoustic Doppler Current profilers and Aanderaa point current meters. Details on data processing can be found in Ruiz-Castillo et al. (2022). Instruments types and serial numbers can be found in the attached document.

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring AK4 in the eastern Arctic Ocean north of Severnaya Zemlya (82.105 °N, 94.772 °E, water depth 1985 m) in 2015 - 2018. The mooring was deployed during Akademik Tryoshnikov expedition AT2015 as part of the NSF-funded NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) - program and recovered during AT2018, which was jointly organized between NABOS and the German BMBF-funded CATS (Changing Arctic Transpolar System)-project. The attached archive contains processed current velocities and hydrographic data recorded with Seabird SBE37 microcats, RDI Acoustic Doppler Current profilers and Aanderaa point current meters. Details on data processing can be found in the file description and in Ruiz-Castillo et al. (2022). Instruments types and serial numbers can be found in the attached document.

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring AK6 in the eastern Arctic Ocean north of Severnaya Zemlya (82.367 °N, 95.218 °E, water depth 305 m) in 2015 - 2018. The mooring was deployed during Akademik Tryoshnikov expedition AT2015 as part of the NSF-funded NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) - program and recovered during AT2018, which was jointly organized between NABOS and the German BMBF-funded CATS (Changing Arctic Transpolar System)-project. The attached archive contains processed current velocities and hydrographic data recorded with Seabird SBE37 microcats, RDI Acoustic Doppler Current profilers and Aanderaa point current meters. Details on data processing can be found in Ruiz-Castillo et al. (2022). Instruments types and serial numbers can be found in the attached document.

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring AK7 in the eastern Arctic Ocean north of Severnaya Zemlya (82.586 °N, 95.50 °E, water depth 3019 m) in 2015 - 2018. The mooring was deployed during Akademik Tryoshnikov expedition AT2015 as part of the NSF-funded NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) - program and recovered during AT2018, which was jointly organized between NABOS and the German BMBF-funded CATS (Changing Arctic Transpolar System)-project. The attached archive contains processed current velocities and hydrographic data recorded with Seabird SBE37 microcats, RDI Acoustic Doppler Current profilers and Aanderaa point current meters. Details on data processing can be found in Ruiz-Castillo et al. (2022). Instruments types and serial numbers can be found in the attached document.

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring AK3 in the eastern Arctic Ocean north of Severnaya Zemlya (81.962 °N, 94.543 °E, water depth 1453 m) in 2015 - 2018. The mooring was deployed during Akademik Tryoshnikov expedition AT2015 as part of the NSF-funded NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) - program and recovered during AT2018, which was jointly organized between NABOS and the German BMBF-funded CATS (Changing Arctic Transpolar System)-project. The attached archive contains processed current velocities and hydrographic data recorded with Seabird SBE37 microcats, RDI Acoustic Doppler Current profilers and Aanderaa point current meters. Details on data processing can be found in the file description and in Ruiz-Castillo et al. (2022). Instruments types and serial numbers can be found in the attached document.

Description: Time series data of physical oceanography (seawater conductivity, temperature, pressure, salinity) and ocean current velocities were obtained from mooring AK5 in the eastern Arctic Ocean north of Severnaya Zemlya (82.224 °N, 94.846 °E, water depth 2400 m) in 2015 - 2018. The mooring was deployed during Akademik Tryoshnikov expedition AT2015 as part of the NSF-funded NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) - program and recovered during AT2018, which was jointly organized between NABOS and the German BMBF-funded CATS (Changing Arctic Transpolar System)-project. The attached archive contains processed current velocities and hydrographic data recorded with Seabird SBE37 microcats, RDI Acoustic Doppler Current profilers and Aanderaa point current meters. Details on data processing can be found in the file description and in Ruiz-Castillo et al. (2022). Instruments types and serial numbers can be found in the attached document.