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  • United States  (1,318)
  • *Ecosystem  (605)
  • Signal Transduction  (419)
  • *Biological Evolution  (308)
  • Phosphorylation  (275)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,730)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2000-2004  (2,730)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,730)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Springer  (5)
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Year
  • 1
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    No transcription-translation feedback in circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: An autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loop is thought to be essential in generating circadian rhythms in any model organism. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the essential clock protein KaiC is proposed to form this type of transcriptional negative feedback. Nevertheless, we demonstrate here temperature-compensated, robust circadian cycling of KaiC phosphorylation even without kaiBC messenger RNA accumulation under continuous dark conditions. This rhythm persisted in the presence of a transcription or translation inhibitor. Moreover, kinetic profiles in the ratio of KaiC autophosphorylation-dephosphorylation were also temperature compensated in vitro. Thus, the cyanobacterial clock can keep time independent of de novo transcription and translation processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomita, Jun -- Nakajima, Masato -- Kondo, Takao -- Iwasaki, Hideo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):251-4. Epub 2004 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Darkness ; Feedback, Physiological ; Light ; Mutation ; Operon ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Synechococcus/*genetics/*metabolism ; Temperature ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The postdoctoral workforce (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korn, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Career Mobility ; *Education, Graduate ; Faculty ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Regulation of cytokine receptors by Golgi N-glycan processing and endocytosis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: The Golgi enzyme beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Mgat5) is up-regulated in carcinomas and promotes the substitution of N-glycan with poly N-acetyllactosamine, the preferred ligand for galectin-3 (Gal-3). Here, we report that expression of Mgat5 sensitized mouse cells to multiple cytokines. Gal-3 cross-linked Mgat5-modified N-glycans on epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta receptors at the cell surface and delayed their removal by constitutive endocytosis. Mgat5 expression in mammary carcinoma was rate limiting for cytokine signaling and consequently for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. Mgat5 also promoted cytokine-mediated leukocyte signaling, phagocytosis, and extravasation in vivo. Thus, conditional regulation of N-glycan processing drives synchronous modification of cytokine receptors, which balances their surface retention against loss via endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, Emily A -- Le Roy, Christine -- Di Guglielmo, Gianni M -- Pawling, Judy -- Cheung, Pam -- Granovsky, Maria -- Nabi, Ivan R -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Dennis, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):120-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Endocytosis ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycosylation ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Growth Substances/metabolism/pharmacology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phagocytosis ; Polysaccharides/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Pain research. Prolonging the agony (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):326-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Death ; Chronic Disease ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Neuralgia/physiopathology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Drug/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Channels/physiology ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Cope's rule, hypercarnivory, and extinction in North American canids (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: Over the past 50 million years, successive clades of large carnivorous mammals diversified and then declined to extinction. In most instances, the cause of the decline remains a puzzle. Here we argue that energetic constraints and pervasive selection for larger size (Cope's rule) in carnivores lead to dietary specialization (hypercarnivory) and increased vulnerability to extinction. In two major clades of extinct North American canids, the evolution of large size was associated with a dietary shift to hypercarnivory and a decline in species durations. Thus, selection for attributes that promoted individual success resulted in progressive evolutionary failure of their clades.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Valkenburgh, Blaire -- Wang, Xiaoming -- Damuth, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA. bvanval@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Cuspid/anatomy & histology ; *Diet ; *Fossils ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; North America ; Paleodontology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: MDM2 binds the p53 tumor suppressor protein with high affinity and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity and stability. Overexpression of MDM2, found in many human tumors, effectively impairs p53 function. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction can stabilize p53 and may offer a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we identify potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 and confirm their mode of action through the crystal structures of complexes. These compounds bind MDM2 in the p53-binding pocket and activate the p53 pathway in cancer cells, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts in nude mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassilev, Lyubomir T -- Vu, Binh T -- Graves, Bradford -- Carvajal, Daisy -- Podlaski, Frank -- Filipovic, Zoran -- Kong, Norman -- Kammlott, Ursula -- Lukacs, Christine -- Klein, Christian -- Fotouhi, Nader -- Liu, Emily A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):844-8. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. lyubomir.vassilev@roche.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Imidazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Stereoisomerism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Climate change. All downhill from here? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Fishes/physiology ; Geography ; Lagomorpha/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature ; Trees/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-07
    Description: We have applied "whole-genome shotgun sequencing" to microbial populations collected en masse on tangential flow and impact filters from seawater samples collected from the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. A total of 1.045 billion base pairs of nonredundant sequence was generated, annotated, and analyzed to elucidate the gene content, diversity, and relative abundance of the organisms within these environmental samples. These data are estimated to derive from at least 1800 genomic species based on sequence relatedness, including 148 previously unknown bacterial phylotypes. We have identified over 1.2 million previously unknown genes represented in these samples, including more than 782 new rhodopsin-like photoreceptors. Variation in species present and stoichiometry suggests substantial oceanic microbial diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, J Craig -- Remington, Karin -- Heidelberg, John F -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Rusch, Doug -- Eisen, Jonathan A -- Wu, Dongying -- Paulsen, Ian -- Nelson, Karen E -- Nelson, William -- Fouts, Derrick E -- Levy, Samuel -- Knap, Anthony H -- Lomas, Michael W -- Nealson, Ken -- White, Owen -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Hoffman, Jeff -- Parsons, Rachel -- Baden-Tillson, Holly -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Smith, Hamilton O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):66-74. Epub 2004 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, 1901 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jcventer@tcag.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/*genetics ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bacteria/*genetics ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; Biodiversity ; Computational Biology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Genes, Archaeal ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genome, Archaeal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids ; Rhodopsin/genetics ; Rhodopsins, Microbial ; Seawater/*microbiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ecology. Science center on Jordan-Israel border aims to bridge the rift (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; Desert Climate ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; Genome ; *Genomics ; *International Cooperation ; Israel ; Jordan ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Science policy. Nanotech forum aims to head off replay of past blunders (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environment ; *Nanotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; Public Policy ; Terminology as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Genetics. A ruff theory of evolution: gene stutters drive dog shape (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Dogs/*anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development ; Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Nose/anatomy & histology ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; *Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Toes/anatomy & histology ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Ecosystems: The grand (canyon) experiment (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Rivers ; *Snails ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    An uncertain call to arms (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, Claire M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-Infective Agents ; *Biomedical Research ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; *Drug Industry ; Global Health ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Infection/drug therapy ; United States ; *Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Developmental biology. Worm's light-sensing proteins suggest eye's single origin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):796-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/cytology ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Eye ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*analysis ; Humans ; Light ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/chemistry/*cytology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/chemistry/cytology ; Polychaeta/chemistry/*cytology/*genetics ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Old World fossil record of modern-type hummingbirds (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: I report on tiny skeletons of stem-group hummingbirds from the early Oligocene of Germany that are of essentially modern appearance and exhibit morphological specializations toward nectarivory and hovering flight. These are the oldest fossils of modern-type hummingbirds, which had not previously been reported from the Old World. The findings demonstrate that early hummingbird evolution was not restricted to the New World. They further suggest that bird-flower coevolution dates back to the early Oligocene and open another view on the origin of ornithophily in Old World plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):861-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Division of Ornithology, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany. Gerald.Mayr@senckenberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Americas ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/classification ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Europe ; Flight, Animal ; Flowers ; *Fossils ; Germany
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Cell biology. "Pumping" iron: the proteins (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, Ernest -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemochromatosis/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxygen/physiology ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 17
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    Natural history museums. Museums that made a master (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Berlin ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/history ; Birds ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Museums/*history ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nobel Prizes. Gold medal from cellular trash (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):400-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Israel ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; *Nobel Prize ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Acetylation by Tip60 is required for selective histone variant exchange at DNA lesions (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: Phosphorylation of the human histone variant H2A.X and H2Av, its homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, occurs rapidly at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Little is known about the function of this phosphorylation or its removal during DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila Tip60 (dTip60) chromatin-remodeling complex acetylates nucleosomal phospho-H2Av and exchanges it with an unmodified H2Av. Both the histone acetyltransferase dTip60 as well as the adenosine triphosphatase Domino/p400 catalyze the exchange of phospho-H2Av. Thus, these data reveal a previously unknown mechanism for selective histone exchange that uses the concerted action of two distinct chromatin-remodeling enzymes within the same multiprotein complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kusch, Thomas -- Florens, Laurence -- Macdonald, W Hayes -- Swanson, Selene K -- Glaser, Robert L -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Abmayr, Susan M -- Washburn, Michael P -- Workman, Jerry L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2084-7. Epub 2004 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. tnk@stowers-institute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Dimerization ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The next step for Kennewick Man (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McManamon, Francis P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):612-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15498995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bone and Bones ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; *Research Design ; Skeleton ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Orphan drugs of the future? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1798.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-Bacterial Agents ; *Biomedical Research ; Drug Approval ; *Drug Industry/economics ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Patents as Topic ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Planet hunting. The search for pale blue dots (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irion, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):30-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; *Astronomy ; Atmosphere ; Europe ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Financing, Government ; Interferometry ; Optics and Photonics ; *Planets ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Changing a fish's bony armor in the wink of a gene (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1736.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Crosses, Genetic ; Environment ; Extremities/growth & development ; Fresh Water ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genome ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Seawater ; Selection, Genetic ; Smegmamorpha/*anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Policy rebuttal. HIV vaccine trial justified (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNeil, John G -- Johnston, Margaret I -- Birx, Deborah L -- Tramont, Edmund C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, and 2Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307, USA. jomcneil@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/prevention & control/therapy ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunization, Secondary ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Thailand ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Jun turnover is controlled through JNK-dependent phosphorylation of the E3 ligase Itch (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-11
    Description: The turnover of Jun proteins, like that of other transcription factors, is regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Usually, such processes are regulated by extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation of the target protein, which allows recognition by F box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the case of c-Jun and JunB, we found that extracellular stimuli also modulate protein turnover by regulating the activity of an E3 ligase by means of its phosphorylation. Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch. This pathway modulates cytokine production by effector T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Labuda, Tord -- Xia, Ying -- Gallagher, Ewen -- Fang, Deyu -- Liu, Yun-Cai -- Karin, Michael -- AI43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ES04151/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES06376/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R21AI48542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):271-5. Epub 2004 Sep 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15358865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD28/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drug testing. Regulators talk up plans for drug biomarkers (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1119.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomarkers/analysis ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific publishing. Suit seeks to ease trade embargo rules (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; Publishing/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Foreign-born physician-scientists (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendoza-Londono, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Developing Countries ; *Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *Foreign Medical Graduates ; Humans ; *Internship and Residency ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invertebrate conservation. Respect for things that flutter, creep, and crawl (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 2;304(5667):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; *Invertebrates ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    Settling in on campus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1282-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Culture ; *Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; *Foreign Professional Personnel ; Internationality ; Language ; Research ; *Research Personnel ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scholarly publishing. U.S. eases the squeeze on 'sanctioned' authors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence ; Peer Review, Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Publishing/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Societies, Scientific ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Psychopharmacology. Volatile chemistry: children and antidepressants (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):468-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse ; effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Depressive Disorder/*drug therapy ; Emotions ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/*adverse ; effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Human being redux (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gazzaniga, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Beginning of Human Life ; *Cloning, Organism/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryo Research/ethics ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Humans ; Korea ; Personhood ; Stem Cells ; United States ; Value of Life
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Scientific community. U.S. prosecutes professors for shipping microbes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacillus ; *Faculty ; Fraud/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Postal Service/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Serratia marcescens ; United States ; Universities
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    Taxonomists and the CBD (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geeta, R -- Levy, Andre -- Hoch, J Matt -- Mark, Melissa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1105-6; author reply 1105-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Classification ; Developing Countries ; United States
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    Science and government. Biosecurity and research: minimizing adverse impacts (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaudioso, Jennifer -- Salerno, Reynolds M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):687.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Warfare/*prevention & control ; *Biomedical Research ; Bioterrorism/legislation & jurisprudence/*prevention & control ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; *Microbiology ; Research Personnel ; Risk Assessment ; *Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The omnibus bill isn't only about dollars (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- Holden, Constance -- Seife, Charles -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Censuses ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Nuclear Warfare/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Science ; Travel/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. science policy. Risky business (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):220-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research ; Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic ; Risk ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    National Science Foundation. President reverses course, taps Bement as director (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1883.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Administrative Personnel ; History, 21st Century ; Politics ; *Science/history ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
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    U.S. science budget. Caught in a squeeze between tax cuts and military spending (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Military Personnel ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Science ; United States ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs/economics ; United States Government Agencies ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The prefrontal cortex is a higher brain region that regulates thought, behavior, and emotion using representational knowledge, operations often referred to as working memory. We tested the influence of protein kinase C (PKC) intracellular signaling on prefrontal cortical cognitive function and showed that high levels of PKC activity in prefrontal cortex, as seen for example during stress exposure, markedly impair behavioral and electrophysiological measures of working memory. These data suggest that excessive PKC activation can disrupt prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thought, possibly contributing to signs of prefrontal cortical dysfunction such as distractibility, impaired judgment, impulsivity, and thought disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birnbaum, S G -- Yuan, P X -- Wang, M -- Vijayraghavan, S -- Bloom, A K -- Davis, D J -- Gobeske, K T -- Sweatt, J D -- Manji, H K -- Arnsten, A F T -- AG06036/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH068789/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):882-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; Animals ; Benzophenanthridines ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Lithium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Phenanthridines/pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology
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    2004 election. Kerry blasts Bush over U.S. science (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Cell Line ; Humans ; *Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; Stem Cells ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
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    Cell therapy. Renovating the heart (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects ; Cardiac Output, Low/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Europe ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; *Heart/physiology ; Heart Diseases/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Humans ; Myoblasts/*transplantation ; Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology ; *Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Are U.S. students a bellwether of quality? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate/*standards ; Emigration and Immigration ; *Students ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Jean Jaubert profile. Keeping Jacques Cousteau's flame alive (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickrell, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):332-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development ; Diving ; Ecosystem ; France ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Marine Biology/history ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Societies, Scientific/*organization & administration ; United States
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    The new math of clinical trials (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):784-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Bayes Theorem ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Clinical Protocols ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/methods/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mammography ; Research Design ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    National Science Foundation. State profiles join global review of science (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia ; Europe ; *Publishing ; *Research ; *Science ; Technology ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Ecology. Domains of diversity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, Stuart L -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):831-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, USA. stuartpimm@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; Songbirds ; Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    Influenza: girding for disaster. Facing down pandemic flu, the world's defenses are weak (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):394-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antiviral Agents/supply & distribution/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/immunology/pathogenicity ; *Influenza Vaccines/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Orthomyxoviridae/immunology/pathogenicity ; Patents as Topic ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic
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    Mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatome in colorectal cancers (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and kinases (PTKs), is important in signaling pathways underlying tumorigenesis. A mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily in human cancers identified 83 somatic mutations in six PTPs (PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRT, PTPN3, PTPN13, PTPN14), affecting 26% of colorectal cancers and a smaller fraction of lung, breast, and gastric cancers. Fifteen mutations were nonsense, frameshift, or splice-site alterations predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking phosphatase activity. Five missense mutations in the most commonly altered PTP (PTPRT) were biochemically examined and found to reduce phosphatase activity. Expression of wild-type but not a mutant PTPRT in human cancer cells inhibited cell growth. These observations suggest that the mutated tyrosine phosphatases are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Zhenghe -- Shen, Dong -- Parsons, D Williams -- Bardelli, Alberto -- Sager, Jason -- Szabo, Steve -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Peters, Brock A -- van der Heijden, Michiel S -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Yan, Hai -- Wang, Tian-Li -- Riggins, Greg -- Powell, Steven M -- Willson, James K V -- Markowitz, Sanford -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Velculescu, Victor E -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalytic Domain ; Cell Division ; Codon, Nonsense ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*enzymology/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; *DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Markov Chains ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 13 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 3 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5 ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tyrosine/*metabolism
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    SOS response induction by beta-lactams and bacterial defense against antibiotic lethality (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-17
    Description: The SOS response aids bacterial propagation by inhibiting cell division during repair of DNA damage. We report that inactivation of the ftsI gene product, penicillin binding protein 3, by either beta-lactam antibiotics or genetic mutation induces SOS in Escherichia coli through the DpiBA two-component signal transduction system. This event, which requires the SOS-promoting recA and lexA genes as well as dpiA, transiently halts bacterial cell division, enabling survival to otherwise lethal antibiotic exposure. Our findings reveal defective cell wall synthesis as an unexpected initiator of the bacterial SOS response, indicate that beta-lactam antibiotics are extracellular stimuli of this response, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for mitigation of antimicrobial lethality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Christine -- Thomsen, Line Elnif -- Gaggero, Carina -- Mosseri, Ronen -- Ingmer, Hanne -- Cohen, Stanley N -- R01 AI08619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1629-31. Epub 2004 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ampicillin/*pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Hexosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Lac Operon ; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Operon ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; *Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase ; Peptidyl Transferases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *SOS Response (Genetics) ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/biosynthesis ; beta-Lactams/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Scientific publishing. Seeking advice on 'open access,' NIH gets an earful (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):764.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Authorship ; Financing, Government ; *Information Dissemination ; *Internet ; Medline ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that environmental processes influencing the propensity to disease in adulthood operate during the periconceptual, fetal, and infant phases of life. This "developmental origins of health and disease" concept may have important biological, medical, and socioeconomic implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gluckman, Peter D -- Hanson, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liggins Institute, University of Auckland and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; *Chronic Disease ; Cues ; Disease/*etiology ; *Disease Susceptibility ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Style ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors
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    Scientific meetings. NIH scientists in a spin over foreign travel (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):462.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *Congresses as Topic ; *Internationality ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; *Travel ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Lowland forest loss in protected areas of Indonesian Borneo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The ecology of Bornean rainforests is driven by El Nino-induced droughts that trigger synchronous fruiting among trees and bursts of faunal reproduction that sustain vertebrate populations. However, many of these species- and carbon-rich ecosystems have been destroyed by logging and conversion, which increasingly threaten protected areas. Our satellite, Geographic Information System, and field-based analyses show that from 1985 to 2001, Kalimantan's protected lowland forests declined by more than 56% (〉29,000 square kilometers). Even uninhabited frontier parks are logged to supply international markets. "Protected" forests have become increasingly isolated and deforested and their buffer zones degraded. Preserving the ecological integrity of Kalimantan's rainforests requires immediate transnational management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, L M -- Trigg, S N -- McDonald, A K -- Astiani, D -- Hardiono, Y M -- Siregar, P -- Caniago, I -- Kasischke, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1000-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. lisa.curran@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Borneo ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Industry ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Vertebrates ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science policy. The man behind the memos (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1552-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Global Health ; History, 21st Century ; International Cooperation ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; Travel ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/*organization & administration ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conflicts of interest. Report suggests NIH weigh consulting ban (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conflict of Interest ; *Consultants ; *Drug Industry ; Ethics, Professional ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*ethics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific publishing. NIH proposes 6-month public access to papers (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1548.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Financing, Government ; Information Dissemination ; *Internet ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. science budget. Science agencies caught in postelection spending squeeze (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1662-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; Security Measures ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Large shifts in pathogen virulence relate to host population structure (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: Theory on the evolution of virulence generally predicts selection for an optimal level of virulence determined by trade-offs with transmission and/or recovery. Here we consider the evolution of pathogen virulence in hosts who acquire long-lived immunity and live in a spatially structured population. We show theoretically that large shifts in virulence may occur in pathogen populations as a result of a bistability in evolutionary dynamics caused by the local contact or social population structure of the host. This model provides an explanation for the rapid emergence of the highly virulent strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boots, M -- Hudson, P J -- Sasaki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. m.boots@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/transmission ; Disease Susceptibility ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Active ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cross-linking cellular prion protein triggers neuronal apoptosis in vivo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-31
    Description: Neuronal death is a prominent, but poorly understood, pathological hallmark of prion disease. Notably, in the absence of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), the disease-associated isoform, PrPSc, appears not to be intrinsically neurotoxic, suggesting that PrPC itself may participate directly in the prion neurodegenerative cascade. Here, cross-linking PrPC in vivo with specific monoclonal antibodies was found to trigger rapid and extensive apoptosis in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons. These findings suggest that PrPC functions in the control of neuronal survival and provides a model to explore whether cross-linking of PrPC by oligomeric PrPSc can promote neuronal loss during prion infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solforosi, Laura -- Criado, Jose R -- McGavern, Dorian B -- Wirz, Sebastian -- Sanchez-Alavez, Manuel -- Sugama, Shuei -- DeGiorgio, Lorraine A -- Volpe, Bruce T -- Wiseman, Erika -- Abalos, Gil -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Gilden, Donald -- Oldstone, Michael B -- Conti, Bruno -- Williamson, R Anthony -- AG00080/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG04342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL63817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1514-6. Epub 2004 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cerebellum/*cytology ; Complement Activation ; Dimerization ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology/metabolism ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Toxicology. Exposure to flame retardants on the rise (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1730.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Canada ; *Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/toxicity ; Flame Retardants/*analysis/*toxicity ; Humans ; Milk, Human/*chemistry ; Phenyl Ethers/*analysis/blood/*toxicity ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Patient records. Privacy rule creates bottleneck for U.S. biomedical researchers (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):168-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Databases, Factual ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Genetic Privacy ; Genetics, Population ; *Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Medical Records/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Privacy ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    2004 Nobel Prizes. Axel, Buck share award for deciphering how the nose knows (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):207.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; *Receptors, Odorant/genetics/physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific meetings. Neuroscientists learn lesson in diplomacy (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Congresses as Topic ; Hungary ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Neurosciences ; Public Policy ; *Travel ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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    Fisheries science. Plan to count hatchery salmon criticized (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Population Density ; Public Policy ; *Salmon ; United States
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    When the stress of your environment makes you go HOG wild (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: When exposed to increased dissolved solute in their environment (hyperosmotic stress), all eukaryotic cells respond by rapidly activating a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, known in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway. Intensive genetic and biochemical analysis in this organism has revealed the presumptive osmosensors, downstream signaling components, and metabolic and transcriptional changes that allow cells to cope with this stressful condition. These findings have had direct application to understanding stress sensing and control of transcription by stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westfall, Patrick J -- Ballon, Daniel R -- Thorner, Jeremy -- GM-21841/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-68343/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1511-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Glycerol/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Osmolar Concentration ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Derivatives of erythropoietin that are tissue protective but not erythropoietic (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Erythropoietin (EPO) is both hematopoietic and tissue protective, putatively through interaction with different receptors. We generated receptor subtype-selective ligands allowing the separation of EPO's bioactivities at the cellular level and in animals. Carbamylated EPO (CEPO) or certain EPO mutants did not bind to the classical EPO receptor (EPOR) and did not show any hematopoietic activity in human cell signaling assays or upon chronic dosing in different animal species. Nevertheless, CEPO and various nonhematopoietic mutants were cytoprotective in vitro and conferred neuroprotection against stroke, spinal cord compression, diabetic neuropathy, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a potency and efficacy comparable to EPO.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leist, Marcel -- Ghezzi, Pietro -- Grasso, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Roberto -- Villa, Pia -- Fratelli, Maddalena -- Savino, Costanza -- Bianchi, Marina -- Nielsen, Jacob -- Gerwien, Jens -- Kallunki, Pekka -- Larsen, Anna Kirstine -- Helboe, Lone -- Christensen, Soren -- Pedersen, Lars O -- Nielsen, Mette -- Torup, Lars -- Sager, Thomas -- Sfacteria, Alessandra -- Erbayraktar, Serhat -- Erbayraktar, Zubeyde -- Gokmen, Necati -- Yilmaz, Osman -- Cerami-Hand, Carla -- Xie, Qiao-Wen -- Coleman, Thomas -- Cerami, Anthony -- Brines, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Neuropathies/drug therapy ; Drug Design ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/*analogs & ; derivatives/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mutagenesis ; Nervous System Diseases/*drug therapy ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord Compression/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Biomedical politics. Sex studies 'properly' approved (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):741.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Peer Review, Research ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Sexuality ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution of a protochordate allorecognition locus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Tomaso, Anthony W -- Weissman, Irving L -- AI10332/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI41588/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI041588/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. tdet@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Immunogenetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Urochordata/*genetics/growth & development/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Regeneration of male germline stem cells by spermatogonial dedifferentiation in vivo (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: Although the ability of engrafted stem cells to regenerate tissue has received much attention, the molecular mechanisms controlling regeneration are poorly understood. In the Drosophila male germline, local activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak-STAT) pathway maintains stem cells; germline stem cells lacking Jak-STAT signaling differentiate into spermatogonia without self-renewal. By conditionally manipulating Jak-STAT signaling, we find that spermatogonia that have initiated differentiation and are undergoing limited mitotic (transit-amplifying) divisions can repopulate the niche and revert to stem cell identity. Thus, in the appropriate microenvironment, transit-amplifying cells dedifferentiate, becoming functional stem cells during tissue regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brawley, Crista -- Matunis, Erika -- R01HD40307/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1331-4. Epub 2004 May 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, 725 North Wolfe Street, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Germ Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mitosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Regeneration ; STAT Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatocytes/physiology ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Null model trumps accusations of bias (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Men ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Prejudice ; United States ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical ethics. House committee slams NIH's plan on consulting (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Conflict of Interest ; *Consultants ; Income ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*ethics/standards ; Private Sector ; *Research Personnel/economics/ethics/standards ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
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    A dangerous signal to science (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; *Financing, Government ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Research Personnel ; *Science/education ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 75
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    Public health. Reorganization plans roil staff scientists at CDC (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):662-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Disease Outbreaks ; Health Promotion ; Preventive Medicine ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 76
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    Microbicides: anti-HIV efficacy and ethics (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, Zena -- Susser, Mervyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1890; author reply 1890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Condoms ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    2004 Visualization Challenge. Illustration (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquaporins/*metabolism ; *Awards and Prizes ; Computer Simulation/history ; History, 21st Century ; *Models, Molecular ; United States ; Water/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    Conflict of interest. Varmus backs some limits on NIH's consulting policy (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1749.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Conflict of Interest ; *Consultants ; Fees and Charges ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration/standards ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: In the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, caspase activation is closely linked to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Numerous pro-apoptotic signal-transducing molecules and pathological stimuli converge on mitochondria to induce MOMP. The local regulation and execution of MOMP involve proteins from the Bcl-2 family, mitochondrial lipids, proteins that regulate bioenergetic metabolite flux, and putative components of the permeability transition pore. MOMP is lethal because it results in the release of caspase-activating molecules and caspase-independent death effectors, metabolic failure in the mitochondria, or both. Drugs designed to suppress excessive MOMP may avoid pathological cell death, and the therapeutic induction of MOMP may restore apoptosis in cancer cells in which it is disabled. The general rules governing the pathophysiology of MOMP and controversial issues regarding its regulation are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Douglas R -- Kroemer, Guido -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):626-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. doug@liai.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Disease/*etiology ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*physiology ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Permeability ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Ethics. Testing pesticides on humans given qualified endorsement (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1272-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Research ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation/*ethics/standards ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Hog picture doesn't tell whole story (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Alice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Microbiology ; *Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Politics ; Public Policy ; *Science ; *Swine ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Biomedical politics. Democrats blast a sunny-side look at U.S. health disparities (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Continental Population Groups ; *Delivery of Health Care ; *Ethnic Groups ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; Politics ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    U.S. science dominance is the wrong issue (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leshner, Alan I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Internationality ; Public Policy ; Publishing ; Religion and Science ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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  • 84
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    Comment on "Impact ejecta layer from the mid-Devonian: possible connection to global mass extinctions" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Racki, Grzegorz -- Koeberl, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):471; author reply 471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, PL-41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland. racki@us.edu.pl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Geologic Sediments ; Magnetics ; *Meteoroids ; Seawater ; Time
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  • 85
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    2004 Visualization Challenge. Multimedia--noninteractive (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Awards and Prizes ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; *Echolocation ; History, 21st Century ; *Multimedia ; United States
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  • 86
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    Biosecurity. Up in the air (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1228-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; *Air Microbiology ; Biological Warfare ; *Bioterrorism ; Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Probe Techniques ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Surveillance ; *Security Measures ; United States
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  • 87
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    Fish in deep-water coral habitats (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Michel J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fishes ; Seawater ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Regulation of cell migration by the C2 domain of the tumor suppressor PTEN (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: PTEN is a tumor suppressor protein that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate and antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. We show here that PTEN can also inhibit cell migration through its C2 domain, independent of its lipid phosphatase activity. This activity depends on the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN and on dephosphorylation at a single residue, threonine(383). The ability of PTEN to control cell migration through its C2 domain is likely to be an important feature of its tumor suppressor activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raftopoulou, Myrto -- Etienne-Manneville, Sandrine -- Self, Annette -- Nicholls, Sarah -- Hall, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, Cancer Research UK Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Glioma ; Humans ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Deletion ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 89
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    Ecology. Sportfishers on the hook for dwindling U.S. fish stocks (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Humans ; Population Density ; *Recreation ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Prescribed fire and natural disturbance (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moritz, Max A -- Odion, Dennis C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15576590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; *Plant Diseases ; Quercus/microbiology ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Budget cuts affecting natural history (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gropp, Robert E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):811-2; author reply 811-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; *Financial Support ; *Museums ; *Natural History ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 92
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    A small molecule Smac mimic potentiates TRAIL- and TNFalpha-mediated cell death (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: We describe the synthesis and properties of a small molecule mimic of Smac, a pro-apoptotic protein that functions by relieving inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (IAP)-mediated suppression of caspase activity. The compound binds to X chromosome- encoded IAP (XIAP), cellular IAP 1 (cIAP-1), and cellular IAP 2 (cIAP-2) and synergizes with both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to potently induce caspase activation and apoptosis in human cancer cells. The molecule has allowed a temporal, unbiased evaluation of the roles that IAP proteins play during signaling from TRAIL and TNF receptors. The compound is also a lead structure for the development of IAP antagonists potentially useful as therapy for cancer and inflammatory diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Lin -- Thomas, Ranny Mathew -- Suzuki, Hidetaka -- De Brabander, Jef K -- Wang, Xiaodong -- Harran, Patrick G -- P01 CA95471/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkynes/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Biotinylation ; *Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Computer Simulation ; Dimerization ; Dipeptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Diynes ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Molecular Mimicry ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Tetrazoles/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/*pharmacology ; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
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  • 93
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    Ecology. How 'virgin' is virgin rainforest? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Gillson, L -- Brncic, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):402-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. kathy.willis@geog.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Archaeology ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time Factors ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Evolution. Transitions from nonliving to living matter (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasmussen, Steen -- Chen, Liaohai -- Deamer, David -- Krakauer, David C -- Packard, Norman H -- Stadler, Peter F -- Bedau, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):963-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. steen@lanl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biopolymers ; Catalysis ; *Cells ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Computer Simulation ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Genetic Engineering ; *Life ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; Mycoplasma genitalium/genetics/metabolism ; *Origin of Life ; Peptide Nucleic Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Distributions of microbial activities in deep subseafloor sediments (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Hondt, Steven -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- Miller, D Jay -- Batzke, Anja -- Blake, Ruth -- Cragg, Barry A -- Cypionka, Heribert -- Dickens, Gerald R -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- Holm, Nils G -- Mitterer, Richard -- Spivack, Arthur -- Wang, Guizhi -- Bekins, Barbara -- Engelen, Bert -- Ford, Kathryn -- Gettemy, Glen -- Rutherford, Scott D -- Sass, Henrik -- Skilbeck, C Gregory -- Aiello, Ivano W -- Guerin, Gilles -- House, Christopher H -- Inagaki, Fumio -- Meister, Patrick -- Naehr, Thomas -- Niitsuma, Sachiko -- Parkes, R John -- Schippers, Axel -- Smith, David C -- Teske, Andreas -- Wiegel, Juergen -- Padilla, Christian Naranjo -- Acosta, Juana Luz Solis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2216-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 Shipboard Scientific Party, NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. dhondt@gso.uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Iron/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pacific Ocean ; Peru ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Comment on "The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keeling, Patrick J -- Archibald, John M -- Fast, Naomi M -- Palmer, Jeffrey D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2191; author reply 2191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. pkeeling@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlorophyta/genetics/physiology ; *Eukaryota/genetics/physiology ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Phylogeny ; *Phytoplankton/genetics ; Plastids/genetics/physiology ; Rhodophyta/genetics/physiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Ecology. Ecogenomics benefits community ecology (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dicke, Marcel -- van Loon, Joop J A -- de Jong, Peter W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):618-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Post Office Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. marcel.dicke@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aldehyde-Lyases/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomics ; Genotype ; Insects/*physiology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plants/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Research and the Bayh-Dole Act (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reczek, Peter R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; *Industry ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research ; Technology Transfer ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Timing complicates history of horses (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1467.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Extremities/anatomy & histology ; Feeding Behavior ; *Fossils ; *Horses/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; *Poaceae ; Time ; Tooth/*anatomy & histology ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Biomedicine. Insulin resistance takes a trip through the ER (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muoio, Deborah M -- Newgard, Christopher B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):425-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases ; Enzyme Activation ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance/*physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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