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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 347-357 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Crustacean ; Sensorimotor ; Ultrastructure ; Multilamellar sheath ; Myelinated axons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Speed of nerve impulse conduction is greatly increased by myelin, a multi-layered membranous sheath surrounding axons. Myelinated axons are ubiquitous among the vertebrates, but relatively rare among invertebrates. Electron microscopy of calanoid copepods using rapid cryofixation techniques revealed the widespread presence of myelinated axons. Myelin sheaths of up to 60 layers were found around both sensory and motor axons of the first antenna and interneurons of the ventral nerve cord. Except at nodes, individual lamellae appeared to be continuous and circular, without seams, as opposed to the spiral structure of vertebrate and annelid myelin. The highly organized myelin was characterized by the complete exclusion of cytoplasm from the intracellular spaces of the cell generating it. In regions of compaction, extracytoplasmic space was also eliminated. Focal or fenestration nodes, rather than circumferential ones, were locally common. Myelin lamellae terminated in stepwise fashion at these nodes, appearing to fuse with the axolemma or adjacent myelin lamellae. As with vertebrate myelin, copepod sheaths are designed to minimize both resistive and capacitive current flow through the internodal membrane, greatly speeding nerve impulse conduction. Copepod myelin differs from that of any other group described, while sharing features of every group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 204 (2000), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): pirfenidone ; free radicals ; lipid peroxidation ; EPR ; spin trapping ; antioxidant ; fibrosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pirfenidone (Pf), a new broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic agent, is known to offer protection against lung fibrosis in vivo in laboratory animals, and against mitogenesis and collagen formation by human lung fibroblasts in vitro. Because reactive oxygen species are thought to be involved in these events, we investigated the mechanism(s) by which Pf ameliorates oxidative stress and its effects on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. Pf has been shown to cause inhibit NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in sheep liver microsomes in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of Pf required to cause 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation was ~ 6 mM. Pf was found to be ineffective as a superoxide radical scavenger. Pf was also ineffective in decomposing H2O2 and chelating iron. In deoxyribose degradation assays, Pf was a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals with a rate constant of 5.4 × 109 M-1 sec-1. EPR spectroscopy in combination with spin trapping techniques, using a Fenton type reaction and DMPO as a spin-trapping agent, Pf scavenged hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of Pf required to inhibit 50% signal height was ~ 2.5 mM. Because iron was used in the Fenton reaction, the ability of Pf in chelating iron was verified in a fluorescent competitive assay using calcein as the fluorescent probe. Pf up to 10 mM concentration was ineffective in chelating either Fe2+ or Fe3+ in this system. We propose that Pf exerts its beneficial effects, at least in part, through its ability to scavenge toxic hydroxyl radicals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 204 (2000), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): ghee ; erythrocytes ; erythrocyte fragility ; lipid peroxidation ; membrane fluidity ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Alterations in membrane lipid composition is known to result in functional and structural changes in the membrane, and dietary lipids play an important role in this change. It was of interest to study the influence of ghee feeding to the rat on membrane structure and function. The activities of membrane bound enzymes Na+ K+ ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase were studied as an index of membrane changes. Male weanling rats were fed 2.5% fresh or thermally oxidized ghee in the diet for a period of 8 weeks. The control rats were fed groundnut oil. A decrease of 28% in the membrane fluidity of erythrocyte ghost membranes was observed in the oxidized ghee fed group at 37°C, by fluorescence polarization measurements using 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe. The activities of Na+ K+ ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase showed an increase of 65% and 200% respectively after feeding oxidized ghee (2.5%). Also changes in Na+, K+ and ATP kinetics were observed in these rats. Increased membrane lipid peroxidation (80%) and C/PL ratio (11%) in the oxidized ghee fed group was observed. Marginal changes in the fatty acid composition were also seen. Further, an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was observed in the oxidized ghee fed rats. It is inferred from these experiments that consumption of oxidized ghee with the diet affects the erythrocyte ghost membrane structure and function at 2.5% level, whereas consumption of fresh ghee has no effect on the erythrocyte membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 210 (2000), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): ascorbate ; α-tocopherol ; lipid peroxidation ; iron ; placental mitochondria ; preeclampsia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of ascorbate and a-tocopherol as antioxidants and as co-operative factors against NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria have been studied. The addition of ascorbate at low concentration (up to 50 μM) to the NADPH-generating system resulted in increasing lipid peroxidation and Fe3+ to Fe2+ reduction. High concentration of ascorbate (150 μM), which produced maximal rate of ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation, was found to inhibit almost completely NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation by maintaining too much iron in its reduced form. Either stimulatory or inhibitory effect of ascorbate on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation depends on the appropriate Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio. α-Tocopherol caused a decrease of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation, inhibiting completely this process at 150 μM concentration. The inhibitory effect of α-tocopherol increased rapidly with the increasing ascorbate concentration, almost complete inhibition of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation being obtained at 25 μM α-tocopherol and 50 μM ascorbate. This strong inhibitory combined effect of α-tocopherol and ascorbate was independent of the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio, as a-tocopherol is not able to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ under the conditions employed. These findings suggest that antioxidant effects of ascorbate in placental mitochondria are mediated by recycling of a-tocopherol rather than by strong reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. On the basis of the results obtained, we assume that adequate concentrations of a-tocopherol and ascorbate in placental tissue may prevent the release of lipid peroxide from placental mitochondria and therefore could be protective against the development of preeclampsia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): ionizing radiation ; melatonin ; free radicals ; 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine ; membrane fluidity ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the potential protective effect of melatonin against whole body ionizing radiation (800 cGy). Changes in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, an index of DNA damage, and alterations in membrane fluidity (the inverse of membrane rigidity) and lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes, as indices of damage to lipid and protein molecules in membranes, were estimated. Measurements were made in rat liver, 12 h after their exposure to radiation. To test the potential protective effects of melatonin, the indole was injected (i.p. 50 mg/kg b.w.) at 120, 90, 60 and 30 min prior to radiation exposure. Both 8-OH-dG levels and microsomal membrane rigidity increased significantly 12 h after radiation exposure. Melatonin completely counteracted the effects of ionizing radiation. Changes in 8-OH-dG levels and membrane fluidity are early sensitive parameters of DNA and microsomal membrane damage, respectively, induced by ionizing radiation and our findings document the protective effects of melatonin against ionizing radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): DOCA-salt hypertensive male Sprague Dawley rats ; liver antioxidant enzymes ; glutathione content and glutathione-dependent defense system ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of DOCA-salt hypertensive treatment on hepatic glutathione-dependent defense system, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, mixed function oxidase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities were investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats. Compared with controls, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats had lower body weights (linked to liver hypertrophy). Mixed function oxidase and p-nitrophenol-UGT activities were not affected by the treatment but a significant lower rate of the glucuronoconjugation rate of bilirubin (p 〈 0.001) was observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. While cytosolic glutathione contents and glutathione reductase activity were not affected, glutathione peroxidase (p 〈 0.001), glutathione transferase (p 〈 0.001) and catalase (p 〈 0.01) activities were decreased and associated with higher malondialdehyde contents (p 〈 0.001) in treated rats. The imbalance in liver antioxidant status (increasing generation of cellular radical species), associated with increases in lipid peroxidation, suggests that oxidative stress might be directly related to arterial hypertension in DOCA-salt treated male Sprague Dawley rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): protein oxidation ; lipid peroxidation ; vanillin ; antioxidant ; photosensitization ; singlet oxygen ; mitochondria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Using rat liver mitochondria, as model systems, we have examined the ability of the natural compound and the food-flavoring agent, vanillin to protect membranes against oxidative damage induced by photosensitization at concentrations normally used in food preparations. Vanillin, at a concentration of 2.5 mmol/L, has afforded significant protection against protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in hepatic mitochondria induced by photosensitization with methylene blue plus light. The effect observed was both time- and concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effect is similar to ascorbic acid and the singlet oxygen quencher, diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) but less effective than sodium azide and glutathione. Examination of possible mechanisms responsible for the observed protection, showed that vanillin has a significant ability to quench singlet oxygen (1O2), a reactive species responsible for damage induced during photosensitization by Type II mechanism. Hence, this flavoring compound, due to its antioxidant ability, may have potential to prevent oxidative damage to membranes in mammalian tissues and thereby the ensuing diseased states.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 207 (2000), S. 77-86 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): cardiomyopathy ; lipid peroxidation ; superoxide dismutase ; glutathione peroxidase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Adriamycin (doxorubicin) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents against a variety of cancers, but its usefulness is seriously curtailed by the risk of developing heart failure. Available laboratory evidence suggests that an increase in oxidative stress, brought about by increased free radical production and decreased myocardial endogenous antioxidants, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Adriamycin-induced apoptosis and hyperlipidemia may also be involved in the process. Probucol, a lipid-lowering drug and an antioxidant, completely prevents the occurrence of heart failure by reducing oxidative stress as well as by the modulation of apoptis and high lipid concentrations. Thus, combined therapy with adriamycin and probucol has a high potential for optimizing the treatment of cancer patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 211 (2000), S. 39-45 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; rod outer segments ; α-tocopherol ; phosphatidylserine ; docosahexaenoic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the present study it was investigated if a-tocopherol shows protection against in vitro lipid peroxidation of phospholipids located in rod outer segment membranes (ROS). After incubation of ROS in an ascorbate-Fe2+ system, at 37°C during 160 min, the total cpm originated from light emission (chemiluminescence) was found to be lower in those membranes incubated in the presence of α-tocopherol. The fatty acid composition of total lipids isolated from rod outer segment membranes was substantially modified when subjected to non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation with a considerable decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). The incorporation of α-tocopherol (0.35 μmol/mg protein) produce a 43.37% inhibition of the lipid peroxidation process evaluated as chemiluminiscence (total cpm originated in 160 min). The phospholipid species containing the highest amount of docosahexaenoic acid: phosphatidyletanolamine and phosphatidylserine were more affected than phosphatidylcholine during the lipid peroxidation process. Not all phospholipids, however, were equally protected after the addition of α-tocopherol to the incubation medium. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyletanolamine, were not protected by α-tocopherol, the vitamin provides selective antioxidant protection only for phosphatidylserine. These results indicate that α-tocopherol may act as antioxidant protecting rod outer segment membranes from deleterious effect by a selective mechanism that diminishes the loss of docosahexaenoic acid from phosphatidylserine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 215 (2000), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): reactive oxygen species ; human placenta ; brush border membrane ; fetus ; enzymatic antioxidants ; non-enzymic scavengers ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) pose a serious threat to maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. However, there is little information on the oxidative damage caused by ROS and its protection during prenatal life. The present study highlights the status of various antioxidants in human placental and fetal tissues at different phases of gestation. The activity profile of scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, bilirubin and glutathione have been determined in human placental whole homogenate, placental brush border membrane and fetal liver over gestational periods ranging from 6 weeks of pregnancy till birth. The ontogenic profile of lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative damage has also been investigated in the feto-placental system. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities increased significantly, but glutathione peroxidase activity remained almost the same throughout development. Except α- tocopherol and bilirubin, the concentrations of other non-enzymic scavengers followed a significant increasing trend with advancement of pregnancy. Results indicate that there is gradual suppression of lipoperoxide formation with the progress of gestation to protect the fetus against oxygen toxicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Water resources management 14 (2000), S. 157-175 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): estuarine management ; fishery harvest ; freshwater inflow ; linear quadratic regulator ; salinity ; successive approximation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract A successive approximation linear quadratic regulator (SALQR)method is applied to solve estuarine management problems to determine the optimal amount of freshwater inflows into baysand estuaries to maximize fishery harvests. Fishery harvests areexpressed in regression equations as functions of freshwaterinflows. The optimization problem is posed as a discrete-timeoptimal control problem in which salinity represents the statevariable and freshwater inflow represents the control variable. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic-salinity transport model, HYD-SAL,is used as the transition to simulate the flow circulation andtemporal and spatial salinity pattern in an estuary system. Thebound constraints for the control and state variables areincorporated into the objective function using a penalty functionmethod to convert the problem into an unconstrained formulation. The SALQR method is applied to the Lavaca-Tres Palacios Estuaryin Texas and the results are compared with those of usingregression equations as the transition equations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 16 (2000), S. 363-373 
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Schlagwort(e): cisplatin ; glutathione ; lipid peroxidation ; mitochondria ; protein ; succinate dehydrogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cisplatin treatment of tumor-bearing mice resulted a significant decrease of protein in the tissues studied (liver, kidney, and Dalton lymphoma) and also in their mitochondrial fractions. As compared to respective tissues, the protein decrease was noted to be more conspicuous in their mitochondrial fractions. Similarly, mitochondrial glutathione also decreased significantly in the tissues. However, succinate dehydrogenase activity was selectively decreased in the kidney and Dalton lymphoma cells, whereas in liver it remained almost unchanged. An increase in serum urea concentration and kidney mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was also observed after cisplatin treatment. It is suggested that the cisplatin-induced biochemical changes in mitochondria involving mitochondrial protein, glutathione, and succinate dehydrogenase could be the important potent cellular sites contributing to toxicity/cytotoxicity after cisplatin treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): pneumonia ; lipid peroxidation ; chemiluminescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Lipid peroxidation in the lungs and plasma of albino rats was studied under normal conditions and during experimental pneumonia. In intact rats the content of lipid peroxidation products and the rate of their accumulation in lung homogenate is lower than in homogenates of other organs. Bivalent iron ions added to blood plasma did not induce chemiluminescence characteristic of lipid peroxidation. Experimental pneumonia intensifies production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils and increases the content of lipid peroxidation products in lung homogenate. Combined application of antibiotics and antioxidant (vitamin E) during experimental pneumonia promotes normalization of free-radical oxidation and diminishes morphological alterations in the lungs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 130 (2000), S. 1116-1119 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; ageing ; epithalone ; peptides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of epithalone on the age-specific time course of lipid peroxidation was studied in inadaptive Drosophila melanogaster strains. A single dose of epithalone at the larval stage decreased the level of conjugated hydroperoxides and Schiff bases throughout the life span of imago. Strain- and sex-specific differences in the time course of the studied sign are characterized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): endotoxemia ; intestine ; microcirculation ; lipid peroxidation ; phospholipase A 2
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The severity of endotoxemia in peritonitis depends on morphofunctional state of the intestine determined by the intensity of free-radical lipid peroxidation and phospholipase A2 activity, which are the highest on day 1 postoperation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 337-339 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): Cholera intoxication ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cholera intoxication in albino mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin in doses of LD16, LD24, and LD50 and combination of endo- and enterotoxin in doses equivalent to LD25. Dose-dependent activation of superoxide dismutase, phasic changes in the contents of MDA and conjugated trienes and dienes, and modulatory influence of enterotoxin on catalase activity in the blood were observed during intoxication.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 452-454 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): acute pancreatitis ; lipid peroxidation ; a-tocopherol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Time course of malonic dialdehyde and α-tocopherol levels in rat pancreas during the first day of experimental pancreatitis indicates activation of lipid peroxidation and components of the antioxidant system in the involved organ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 130 (2000), S. 1055-1057 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ascorbic acid ; lipid peroxidation ; phagocytosis ; transurethral resection of the prostate gland ; neutrophilic granulocytes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Intravenous infusion of ascorbic acid in single doses of 500 and 1000 mg over 3 days after transurethral resection of the prostate elevated the content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood, increased the sensitivity of neutrophils to prodigiozan, and reduced the risk of infectious and inflammatory complications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 541-543 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; low-density lipoproteins ; blood coagulation ; fibrinolysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In vitro experiments showed that copper-oxidized low-density lipoproteins activate factors of the prothrombin complex in the whole blood and inhibit fibrin generation in both blood and plasma. Moreover, oxidized low-density lipoproteins inhibit fibrinolysis and impair the structure of fibrin clot, which results in hypercoagulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 129 (2000), S. 309-313 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): psoriasis ; apoptosis ; inflammation ; proliferation ; oxidative stress ; lipid peroxidation ; reactive oxygen species ; redox potential
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A new etiopathogenetic concept of psoriasis is proposed, which considers psoriasis as a typical inflammatory process characterized by increased antioxidant activity and overexpression of apoptotic receptors. Under these conditions, hyperstimulation of germinative layer cells proliferation dramatically accelerates kerationcyte passage towards apoptotic effect of atmospheric oxygen and its reactive species dooming to death cells with enhanced expression of apoptotic receptors. Oxidative stress of nondifferentiated kerationcytes triggers the formation of defective horny layer, the key mechanism of psoriasis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 1031-1038 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Heat shock proteins ; inflammation ; reactive oxygen species ; nitric oxide ; lipid peroxidation ; tumor necrosis factor α ; interleukin 1 ; adult respiratory distress syndrome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Inflammation results from the recruitement to a given tissue or organ and the activation of leucocytes, among which the monocytes-macrophages play a major role. These phagocytic cells produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as cytokines. Whereas both ROS and cytokines have the potential to regulate the expression of heat shock (HS)/stress proteins (HSP), it appears that these proteins in turn have the ability to protect cells and tissues from the deleterious effects of inflammation. The mechanisms by which such protection occurs include prevention of ROS-induced DNA strand breaks and lipid peroxidation as well as protection from mitochondrial structure and function. In vivo, HS protects organs against a number of lesions associated with the increased production of ROS and/or cytokines. In an animal model for adult respiratory distress syndrome, an acute pulmonary inflammatory condition, HS completely prevented mortality. HSP (hsp70 in particular) may also exert protective effects in the immune system by contributing to the processing and presentation of bacterial and tumoral antigens. The analysis of the expression of hsp70 may prove of diagnostic and prognostic value in inflammatory conditions and therapeutical applications are being considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 174 (1994), S. 267-280 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Electric fish ; Pacemaker ; GABA ; Glutamate ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The medullary pacemaker nucleus of Hypopomus triggers each electric organ discharge (EOD) by a single command pulse. It consists of electrotonically coupled ‘pacemaker’ cells, which generate the rhythm, and ‘relay’ cells, which follow the pacemaker cells and excite the spinal motoneurons of the electric organ. The pacemaker cells receive two inputs from the complex of the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus (PPn), a GABA-ergic inhibition and a glutamatergic excitation. Relay cells, on the other hand, receive two glutamatergic inputs, one from a subnucleus of the PPn, the PPn-C, and a second from the sublemniscal prepacemaker nucleus (SPPn). We have labelled afferents to the pacemaker nucleus by injecting HRP to specific sites of the prepacemaker complex. By using immunogold-labelled antibodies and en-grid staining techniques, we demonstrated GABA and glutamate immunoreactivity in labelled synaptic profiles of ultra-thin sections of the pacemaker nucleus. The two types of synapses were interspersed on the surfaces of pacemaker cells, with GABA-immunoreactive synapses apparently representing the GABA-mediated input of the ‘PPn-I’, an inhibitory subdivision of the PPn, and glutamate-immunoreactive synapses representing the input of the ‘PPn-G’, an excitatory subdivision of the PPn. Only glutamate-immunoreactive synapses were found on relay cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 128 (1994), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Aflatoxin B1 ; Embryo ; Mature ; Ultrastructure ; Zea mays L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Mature maize (Zea mays L.) embryos were exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 25 µg/ml for 9 days. With increasing toxin concentration above 2 µg/ml, primary root elongation of germinated embryos was progressively inhibited, to reach a maximum value of 81% at 25 µ/ml toxin. An ultrastructural investigation of the subcellular alterations induced following toxin exposure provided evidence of deteriorative changes in several compartments of the plant cell. Alteration in membrane integrity (e.g., the tonoplast, plasmalemma and inner mitochondrial membrane) was a frequent feature of many cells. Apparent fusion of vacuoles, incorporation of cytoplasmic components into vacuoles and intravacuolar membrane whorls might be interpreted as deteriorative alterations. The results are discussed in the light of ultrastructural findings for other plant systems exposed to similar AFB1 concentrations, as well as findings for animal systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Natural hazards 9 (1994), S. 5-16 
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier transform ; maximum entropy spectral analysis ; precipitation ; temperature ; climatic change
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the present work, a precipitation and temperature series from Barcelona (Spain) are analysed in order to detect the possible existence of climatic changes or cycles. The analysis is carried out both from the temporal and spectral standpoints. The techniques used range from the classical periodogram and Blackman-Tukey method through to the Maximum Entropy method. The results do not show the existence of climatic cycles, though they do show a clear tendency toward increased precipitation and decreased temperature, since the last years of series.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 180-189 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Collagen ; Crystal habit ; Ultrastructure ; Turkey leg tendon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Transmission electron micrographs of fully mineralized turkey leg tendon in cross-section show the ultrastructure to be more complex than has been previously described. The mineral is divided into two regions. Needlelike-appearing crystallites fill the extrafibrillar volume whereas only platelike crystallites are found within the fibrils. When the speciment is tilted through a large angle, some of the needlelike-appearing crystallites are replaced by platelets, suggesting that the needlelike crystallites are platelets viewed on edge. If so, these platelets have their broad face roughly parallel to the fibril surface and thereby the fibril axis, where the intrafibrillar platelets are steeply inclined to the fibril axis. The projection of the intrafibrillar platelets is perpendicular to the fibril axis. The extrafibrillar volume is at least 60% of the total, the fibrils occupying 40%. More of the mineral appears to be extrafibrillar than within the fibrils. Micrographs of the mineralized tendon in thickness show both needlelike-appearing and platelet crystallites. Stereoscopic views show that the needlelike-appearing crystallites do not have a preferred orientation. From the two-dimensional Fourier transform of a selected area of the cross-sectional image, the platelike crystallites have an average dimension of 58 nm. The needlelike-appearing crystallites have an average thickness of 7 nm. The maximum length is at least 90 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of unstained, unmineralized turkey leg tendon shows collagen fibrils very much like shadow replicas of collagen in electron micrographs. AFM images of the mineralized tendon show only an occasional fibril. Mineral crystallites are not visible. Because the collagen is within the fibrils, the extrafibrillar mineral must be embedded in noncollagenous organic matter. When the tissue is demineralized, the collagen fibrils are exposed. The structure as revealed by the two modalities is a composite material in which each component is itself a composite. Determination of the properties of the mineralized tendon from the properties of its elements is more difficult than considering the tendon to be just mineral-filled collagen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): In vitro ; Bioactive glass ceramic ; Mineralization ; Bone bonding mechanisms ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Rat bone cells were cultured in the presence of bioactive glass-ceramic containing crystalline apatite and wollaston te. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the surface of the seeded ceramic disks revealed that cells attached, spread, and proliferated on the material surface. Soaking in cell-free culture medium showed that no change occurred in the surface structure. However, when cultured with bone cells and observed under a transmission electron microscope, an electron-dense layer was noted initially at the surface of the material, before bone formation occurred. In addition, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis demonstrated the presence of calcium and phosphorus in this layer. Progressively, during the following days of culture, active osteoblasts synthetized and laid down an osteoid matrix composed of numerous collagen fibrils arranged either parallel or perpendicularly to the first-formed electron-dense layer. Mineralization initiated on the ceramic surface dispersed then along the collagenous fibrils, leading to a mineralized matrix which surrounded the ceramic particles. These results demonstrate the capacity of apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic to initiate biomineralization in osteoblast cultures and to achieve a direct bond between the surface apatite layer of the bioactive glass-ceramic and the mineralized bone matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 141 (1994), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): trolox ; iron ; erythrocyte membranes ; lipid peroxidation ; prooxidant ; iron chelation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The prooxidant and antioxidant actions of Trolox were examined in anin vitro system measuring ferric ion-induced oxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids. Trolox was found to produce a concentration-dependent biphasic effect on the ferric ion-stimulated lipid peroxidation, with the mode of action being similar to those produced by reducing-agent antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione, and iron chelator, such as desferrioxamine. Phytic acid, a potent iron chelator, could suppress the prooxidant actions of Trolox and desferrioxamine, but not those of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. The ability of Trolox to stimulate ferric ion-catalyzed ascorbate oxidation, as similar to the action produced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, indicates the presence of iron-chelating activity. The ensemble of results suggests the possible involvement of iron chelation in the prooxidant action of Trolox in ferric ion-stimulated lipid peroxidation reactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 140 (1994), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): curcumin ; dehydrozingerone ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes ; antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study investigates the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by dehydrozingerone and curcumin in rat brain homogenates. Both the test compounds inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes and spontaneous lipid peroxidation. These compounds also inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by ferrous ions, ferric-ascorbate and ferric-ADP-ascorbate. In all these cases, curcumin was more active than dehydrozingerone and dl-α-tocopherol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 140 (1994), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): alcohol ; thromboxanes ; vitamin E ; prostacyclin ; lipid peroxidation ; arachidonic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We investigated the association between vitamin E, lipid peroxidation and eicosanoid production in experimental alcoholic liver injury. We used the intragastric feeding rat model in which animals were fed corn oil and ethanol (CO+E) and corn oil and dextrose (CO+D) for 2 and 4 week periods. At sacrifice, we measured plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, 8-isoprostane, thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α(6-KetoPGF1α). Animals fed CO+E had significantly lower concentrations of α-tocopherol and higher concentrations of 8 isoprostane at both 2 and 4 weeks. a significant inverse correlation was seen between α-tocopherol concentrations and the TXB2: PGF1α ratio (r=0.72, p〈0.01). A positive correlation was seen between the TXB2: PGF1α ratio and 8 isoprostane levels (r=0.84, p〈0.001). These results suggest that vitamin E depletion and enhanced lipid peroxidation may affect eicosanoid metabolism in experimental alcoholic liver disease in such a way so as to increase the thromboxane to prostacyclin ration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane ; lipid peroxidation ; fatty acid content ; pregnancy induced hypertension ; men
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract It has been recently hypothesized that in PIH a placental oxidant-antioxidant imbalance might cause the release of lipoperoxidation products into the circulation, with subsequent damage of endothelial cell membranes. In this hypothesis the endothelial cell and further increase in circulating lipoperoxide levels, which are by themselves able to induce smooth muscle constriction and increased pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II. In order to investigate this issue, we studied the basal content of lipid peroxides in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes (SPM) from PIH women. Moreover, we investigated the susceptibility to peroxidation of SPM using anin vitro oxidative stress as a tool to verify the predisposition to thein vivo development of peroxidation products. The fatty acid composition of the membranes was also analyzed. Microvillus membrane lipoperoxide concentrations were significantly increased in PIH women (62.8±7.6 ng MDA/mg prot) compared with healthy pregnant subjects (37.6±4.8 ng MDA/mg prot; p〈0.01). The formation of TBARS under the action of phenylhydrazine was significantly greater in PIH women (90.3±7.4 mmol MDA/mol cholesterol) than in normal pregnant subjects (68.6±6.4 mmol MDA/mol cholesterol; p〈0.01). In PIH microvillus membrane we also observed a significant increase of the content of polyunsaturated arachidonic acid. The increased susceptibility to oxidative stress of SPMs from PIH women might be due either to reduced antioxidant systems or to an abnormality of the lipid composition of the membrane. The present work also demonstrated in PIH a reduction in the SPM content of saturated fatty acids with an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are the major substrate for peroxidation. On the other hand, the higher lipoperoxidation may be due to the observed increased susceptibility to peroxidative stress, to a primary reduction in placental perfusion with tissue hypoxia or to both factors, which can potentiate each other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 137 (1994), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): free radicals ; rat cardiac myocytes ; N-ethylmaleimide ; tert-butyl hydroperoxide ; promethazine ; lipid peroxidation ; energy charge ; and oxidative stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of oxidative stress on isolated rat ventricular myocytes were studied. Myocyte viability was determined by the ability of these cells to retain rod-shaped morphology and to exclude trypan blue. The mean life time of myocytes was quantitated using the Weibull distribution function. Superfusion with 200 μM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) led to a time-dependent loss of cell viability, generation of the products of lipid peroxidation, oxidation of protein and non-protein thiols, a decrease in [ATP]i and in the cellular energy charge. Dithiothreitol (DTT, 5 mM) prolonged survival of myocytes exposed to t-BHP, attenuated oxidation of protein and non-protein thiols, and preserved the energy charge. Exposure to DTT did not affect the concentration of t-BHP-generated lipid peroxidation products. Promethazine (1 μM) prevented t-BHP-induced increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, but did not prevent either loss of thiols or loss of cell viability. Superfusion with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 5 μM) also led to loss of cell viability, with accompanying decreases in protein and non-protein thiols, ATP and energy charge without the accumulation of the products of lipid peroxidation. Superfusion with FeSO4 (400 μM) and ascorbate (1 mM), (Fe-Asc) did not result in loss of cell viability or a decrease protein thiols or the energy charge. Superfusion with Fe-Asc, did, however, lead to a slight decrease in the concentration of non-protein thiols and ATP and a large increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products induced by Fe-Asc was prevented by promethazine. These results indicate that free radical-induced irreversible cell injury results from a loss of protein thiols. Changes in the cellular energy charge and lipid peroxidation do not bear a simple relationship to the survival of cardiac myocytes under oxidative stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 131 (1994), S. 125-129 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): α-tocopherol, fibrosarcoma ; antioxidative enzymes ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The anticarcinogenic activity of α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) was tried in fibrosarcoma induced rats through its antioxidative potential. The rate of formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation was analysed in α-tocopherol (400 mg/kg body weight) treated and untreated fibrosarcoma bearing rats with respective controls. The levels of non-enzymic antioxidants like, glutathione and vitamin E, and enzymic antioxidants viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were assayed as well. Significantly increased (p〈0.001) level of lipid peroxide was observed with concomitant decreases in the level of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in fibrosarcoma bearing rats when compared with control animals. In α-tocopherol supplemented animals, the corrected level of these parameters were observed likely to near normal values. Thus, α-tocopherol can be accepted to pose first line of defence mechanism against excessively formed reactive species due to impaired antioxidant systems in fibrosarcoma conditions, that cause membrane damage leading to deleterious effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): selenium ; α-tocopherol ; Keshan disease ; liver damage ; lipid peroxidation ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Previous studies have shown the pathogenic effects of grains cultivated in the endemic areas of Keshan disease and selenium is effective in the prevention of this disease. In this study, liver damages induced by feeding grains from an endemic area (endemic diet), and the effects of selenium and α-tocopherol supplement were examined. After 3 months on the endemic diet, the amounts of serum enzymes were significantly increased when compared to controls (animals receiving diet from a non-endemic area). Liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and choline esterase) were also found to be altered in the serum, further suggesting liver damages in animals on an endemic diet. Supplement of the endemic diet with selenium or α-tocopherol reversed the changes in serum enzymes. Increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver of animals on the endemic diet was observed when compared to that in control animals. Selenium and α-tocopherol supplements prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver by the endemic diet. Semi-quantitative histochemical analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in liver tissue showed that the livers of animals on an endemic diet were more sensitive to ischemic damagesin vitro. Supplementation of the endemic diet with either selenium or α-tocopherol reduced the sensitivity to ischemic damages. The results suggest that increased lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats on an endemic diet may be responsible for liver damages and elevation of serum enzymes. Restoration of glutathione peroxidase activity by selenium supplement or an increase in the content of α-tocopherol in the liver can prevent lipid peroxidation in animals on an endemic diet and thus provide the protective effects against liver damages.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Blood-brain barrier ; Anionic sites ; Larvae ; Septate junctions ; CNS ; Glia ; Ultrastructure ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The blood-brain barrier ensures brain function in vertebrates and in some invertebrates by maintaining ionic integrity of the extraneuronal bathing fluid. Recent studies have demonstrated that anionic sites on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells collaborate with tight junctions to effect this barrier in vertebrates. We characterize these two analogous barrier factors for the first time on Drosophila larva by an electron-dense tracer and cationic gold labeling. Ionic lanthanum entered into but not through the extracellular channels between perineurial cells. Tracer is ultimately excluded from neurons in the ventral ganglion mainly by an extensive series of (pleated sheet) septate junctions between perineurial cells. Continuous junctions, a variant of the septate junction, were not as efficient as the pleated sheet variety in blocking tracer. An anionic domain now is demonstrated in Drosophila central nervous system through the use of cationic colloidal gold in LR White embedment. Anionic domains are specifically stationed in the neural lamella and not noted in the other cell levels of the blood-brain interface. It is proposed that in the central nervous system of the Drosophila larva the array of septate junctions between perineurial cells is the physical barrier, while the anionic domains in neural lamella are a “charge-selective barrier” for cations. All of these results are discussed relative to analogous characteristics of the vertebrate blood-brain barrier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The present study provides light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Blood-brain barrier ; Anionic sites ; Larvae ; Septate junctions ; CNS ; Glia ; Ultrastructure ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The blood-brain barrier ensures brain function in vertebrates and in some invertebrates by maintaining ionic integrity of the extraneuronal bathing fluid. Recent studies have demonstrated that anionic sites on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells collaborate with tight junctions to effect this barrier in vertebrates. We characterize these two analogous barrier factors for the first time on Drosophila larva by an electron-dense tracer and cationic gold labeling. Ionic lanthanum entered into but not through the extracellular channels between perineurial cells. Tracer is ultimately excluded from neurons in the ventral ganglion mainly by an extensive series of (pleated sheet) septate junctions between perineurial cells. Continuous junctions, a variant of the septate junction, were not as efficient as the pleated sheet variety in blocking tracer. An anionic domain now is demonstrated in Drosophila central nervous system through the use of cationic colloidal gold in LR White embedment. Anionic domains are specifically stationed in the neural lamella and not noted in the other cell levels of the blood-brain interface. It is proposed that in the central nervous system of the Drosophila larva the array of septate junctions between perineurial cells is the physical barrier, while the anionic domains in neural lamella are a “charge-selective barrier” for cations. All of these results are discussed relative to analogous characteristics of the vertebrate blood-brain barrier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Odontoclasts ; Resorption ; Predentine ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry ; TR-ACPase (tartrateresistant acid phosphatase) ; Deciduous teeth ; Shedding ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Resorption by odontoclasts of a superficial nonmineralized layer of predentine that occurs in prior to the shedding of human deciduous teeth was studied by light and electron microscopy. As resorption of the tooth roots neared completion, multinucleate cells appeared on the predentine surface of the coronal dentine between the degenerated odontoblasts, excavated characteristic resorption lacunae in the nonmineralized predentine. These multinucleate cells had the same ultrastructural characteristics as odontoclasts and histochemical demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the multinucleate cells revealed intense staining in numerous small granules identified as lysosomes. Occasionally, the multinucleate cells simultaneously resorbed both nonmineralized and calcospherite-mineralized matrix in the predentine. The study demonstrates that multinucleate odontoclasts can resorb nonmineralized predentine matrix in vivo, probably in the same way as they resorb demineralized organic matrix in the resorption zone underlying their ruffled border.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study provides light- and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rought endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sarcolemma ; Surface tubules ; Smooth muscle ; Endothelial cells ; Fibroblasts ; Ultrastructure ; Lamprey, Lampetra japonica (Cyclostomata)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Numerous tubular structures were observed in the surface region of smooth muscle cells making up the vascular walls in the lamprey, Lampetra japonica; they were designated as surface tubules. The limiting membrane of the surface tubules was connected to the plasma membrane, allowing communication of the lumen of the tubule with the extracellular space. Tannic acid reacted with osmium, serving as an extracellular marker, penetrated into the tubules but not into the intracellular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. The surface tubules were grouped in longitudinal parallel rows, separated from each other by tubule-free areas where dense plaques were present. Each tubule was fairly cylindrical (approximately 60 nm in diameter) and often ramified into two or three branches with a blind end. Occasionally, these tubules were encircled by the sarcoplasmic reticulum which was located immediately beneath the plasma membrane. Similar tubules were also observed in the surface region of vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts in the adventitial connective tissue. The possibility that the surface tubules in the present observations are analogous to the smooth muscle caveolae or the striated muscle T-tubule is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glucagon-like peptide 1 ; Endocrine tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ; Co-localization ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The preproglucagon gene encodes, in addition to glucagon, two smaller peptides with structural similarity: glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) 7–36 amide is the most powerful incretin candidate. In the present study, GLP-1 immunoreactivity was investigated in tissue specimens of various types of gastroenteropancreatic tumors, and the serum-levels of GLP-1 were assayed. Immunohistochemical staining of 88 tumors revealed GLP-1 immunoreactivity in 17 neoplasias (19.3 %), viz., in 7 out of 33 non-functioning tumors, 4 out of 20 gastrinomas, 4 out of 13 insulinomas, 1 out of 3 vasoactive-intestinal-polypeptide (VIP)omas and 1 adrenocorticotropic-hormone (ACTH)-producing tumor. In these tumors, GLP-1-immunoreactive cells were distributed either diffusely, arranged in clusters, or as single cells. All GLP-1-positive tumors were immunoreactive for glucagon or glicentin, 10 tumors were immunoreactive for pancreatic polypeptide, and 8 tumors for insulin. Ultrastructural analysis of 8 GLP-1-positive tumors, with the immunogold technique, demonstrated GLP-1 immunoreactivity mainly in cells resembling the A-cells of the pancreas or the L-cells of the gut. Of the 17 GLP-1-immunoreactive tumors, 15 were primarily located in the pancreas. Additionally, 2 non-functioning tumors of the rectum were GLP-1 immunoreactive. Five tumors were GLP-1 immunoreactive from 9 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia I syndrome. Patients with GLP-1-immunoreactive tumors were characterized by a significantly lower rate of distant metastases (P〈0.01) and a higher rate of curative resections (P〈0.05). In 2 out of 22 patients, elevated serum-levels of GLP-1 were found: one patient with a vasoactive-intestinal-polypeptide (VIP)oma and 1 patient with a non-functioning tumor. This indicates that GLP-1 might be secreted at least by a few gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Abdominal nerve neurohaemal area ; FMRFamide ; Immunogold-labelling ; Serotonin ; Ultrastructure ; Rhodnius prolixus (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The ultrastructure of neurohaemal areas on abdominal nerves of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus was investigated. Four types of axon terminals were found, distinguished by the morphology of their neurosecretory granules. By use of post-embedding immunogold labelling, granules in Type I axon terminals were shown to contain serotonin-like immunoreactive material, and granules in Type II axon terminals were shown to contain FMRFamide-like immunoreactive material. There was no colocalization of these materials. It is suggested that Type III terminals contain peptidergic diuretic hormone, which has previously been reported to be present in electron-dense neurosecretory granules in this neurohaemal area. The identity of material in Type IV terminals is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Abdominal nerve neurohaemal area ; FMRFamide ; Immunogold-labelling ; Serotonin ; Ultrastructure ; Rhodnius prolixus (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The ultrastructure of neurohaemal areas on abdominal nerves of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus was investigated. Four types of axon terminals were found, distinguished by the morphology of their neurosecretory granules. By use of post-embedding immunogold labelling, granules in Type I axon terminals were shown to contain serotonin-like immunoreactive material, and granules in Type II axon terminals were shown to contain FMRFamide-like immunoreactive material. There was no colocalization of these materials. It is suggested that Type III terminals contain peptidergic diuretic hormone, which has previously been reported to be present in electron-dense neurosecretory granules in this neurohaemal area. The identity of material in Type IV terminals is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 339-344 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Secretory granules ; Golgi apparatus ; Haloperidol ; Ultrastructure ; Pituitary gland, pars intermedia ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The formation of secretory granules in chronically hypersecretory melanotrophs in the rat pituitary was studied. Hypersecretion was induced by treatment with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg daily for 7 days), which releases the normal neural dopaminergic inhibition of secretion from the melanotroph. Morphometric analysis showed a 100% increase in the volume fraction of granular endoplasmic reticulum after haloperidol treatment, while the volume fractions of electron-dense granules, electron-lucent granules and the Golgi apparatus were unaltered. The mean diameter of the mature secretory granules was increased by 10%, indicating a 30% increase in mean granule volume. A similar increase in diameter was observed in condensing granules within the Golgi area. With earlier results on the effect of chronic inhibition the study shows that a main adaptive response of the melanotroph to altered secretory conditions is a change in the volume of the secretory granules, regulated by a mechanism that operates at an early stage of granule formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 481-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skin ; Ultrastructure ; Endogenous peroxidase ; Water acidification ; Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The skin of carp was examined after exposure to acidified water. Degenerative cells were common in the upper epidermal layers. During the first days most of these cells exhibited signs of necrosis. Later on the incidence of necrosis decreased and that of apoptosis increased. In the acid-exposed fish, the upper filament cells and pavement cells produced secretory vesicles of high electron density, some of which showed peroxidase activity. This enzyme activity was also present in the glycocalyx covering these cells, and in the cytoplasm of apoptotic cells. Mitotic figures and newly differentiating mucous cells were common in the outer epidermal layers. Mucous cells became elongated and produced mucosomes of high electron density. Mucosomes with peroxidase activity were also found. Club cells increased in number. Chloride cells and solitary chemo-sensory cells, not seen in the controls, appeared in the upper epithelial layer. The skin was invaded by many leucocytes and by pigment-containing cytoplasmic extensions of melanocytes. Some leucocytes apparently penetrated into the club cells. These structural observations reflect the complexity of the physiological response of the skin to acid water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Comb cell ; Growth cone ; Motility ; Substrate ; Basement membrane ; Ultrastructure ; Hirudo medicinalis (Annelida)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The oblique muscle organizer (Comb- or C-cell) in the embryonic medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, provides an amenable situation to examine growth cone navigation in vivo. Each of the segmentally iterated C-cells extends an array of growth cones through the body wall along oblique trajectories. C-cell growth cones undergo an early, relatively slow period of extension followed by later, protracted and rapid directed outgrowth. During such transitions in extension, guidance might be mediated by a number of factors, including intrinsic constraints on polarity, spatially and temporally regulated cell and matrix interactions, physical constraints imposed by the environment, or guidance along particular cells in advance of the growth cones. Growth cones and their environment were examined by transmission electron microscopy to define those factors that might play a significant role in migration and guidance in this system. The ultrastructural examination has made the possibility very unlikely that simple, physical constraints play a prominent role in guiding C-cell growth cones. No anatomically defined paths or obliquely aligned channels were found in advance of these growth cones, and there were no identifiable physical boundaries, which might constrain young growth cones to a particular location in the body wall before rapid extension. There were diverse associations with many matrices and basement membranes located above, below, and within the layer in which growth cones appear to extend at the light level. Additionally, a preliminary examination of myocyte assembly upon processes proximal to the growth cones further implicates a role for matrix-associated interactions in muscle histogenesis as well as process outgrowth during embryonic development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endocrine pancreas ; Ontogeny ; Ultrastructure ; Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The primordial cord and the primitive, single and primordial islets present in the 3 earliest stages of the developing endocrine pancreas of sea bass were studied ultrastructurally. The primordial cord consisted of type I and II cells and was included in the gut. Besides these cell types, X cells were seen in the primitive islet. The single islet was made up of type I, II, III and IV cells. A correlation between these endocrine cell-types and cells previously identified immunocytochemically, was established. Type I, II, III and IV cells, correlated respectively with SST-25-, insulin-, SST-14- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells, and could be related to the D1, B, D2 and A cells, respectively, of older larvae and adult sea bass. Each cell type shows characteristic secretory granules from its first appearance. A progressive development of the organelles and an increase in the number and size of the secretory granules, whose ultrastructure also varied, was observed in the endocrine cells of the primordial cord and the succeeding islets. In 25-day-old larvae at the beginning of the fourth developmental stage, the primordial islet, the first ventral islet found, was close to a pancreatic duct and blood vessel, and consisted of type I and II cells whose ultrastructure was similar to that of the type I and II cells in the primordial cord. These data suggest a ductular origin for the pancreatic endocrine cells in the ventral pancreas. It is suggested that although endocrine cells undergo mitosis, their increase in number during the earliest development stages is principally due to the differentiation of surrounding cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endocrine pancreas ; Ontogeny ; Ultrastructure ; Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The big and secondary islets of sea bass larvae were characterized ultrastructurally from, 25 to 60 days after hatching. From the 25th day, big islets consisted of inner type II and III, external type I and peripheral type IV cells. From the 55th day, type V cells appeared in limited peripheral areas. Secondary islets, first found in 32-day-old larvae, were made up of inner type II and III, external type I, and peripheral either type IV and V cells (type I islets), or only type V cells (type II islets). Type I cells contained secretory granules with a fine granular, low-medium electron-dense material, whereas the secretory granules of type II cells were smaller and had a high electron-dense core with diffused limits; needle and rod-like crystalloid contents were occasionally found. Type III secretory granules posessed a homogeneous, high or medium electron-dense material with or without a clear halo. Type IV cells had secretory granules with a polygonal dense core embedded in a granular matrix and granules containing a high or medium electron-dense material. Type V cells had secretory granules with a fine granular, high or medium electron-dense content. These cell-types correlated with cells previously identified immuno-cytochemically, as regards to their distribution in the islets, and related to those characterized ultrastructurally in adult specimens. Thus, types I, II, III, IV and V correspond to D1, B, D2, A and PP cells, respectively. From the 32nd day onwards, endocrine cells of all the different types were found grouped, type V cells also being observed in isolation close to pancreatic ducts and/or blood vessels. Small groups consisting of type I and II cells were found in 40-day-old larvae. A mitotic centroacinar ductular cell containing some secretory granules similar to those of type I cells, was seen adjacent to a type I cell. As the larvae grew older, the endoplasmic reticulum developed, the number of free ribosomes decreased, and the number and size of the secretory granules increased. Dark type I, II, III, IV and V cells were found in the islets and cell clusters from the 55th day onwards.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Platelets ; Storage ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze fracture ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the ultrastructural changes occurring in human platelets during eight days of storage. Extension of pseudopodia is frequently observed, but a concentration of organelles in the centre of the platelets is found only in a minor fraction (∼5%). Striking changes can be observed in both the granules and the open canalicular system. In fresh platelets, the latter often has the form of stacked membranes that have no lumen, but these membranes separate and spread with increasing storage time. However, the openings of this system on the outer surface of the platelet remain unchanged. Some of these features differ from the morphological description of platelets activated by thrombin or ADP, and suggest that the storage lesion is the result of a prolonged weak activation that leads to an incomplete release reaction within the first five days.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Yolk sac ; Tubular endosomes ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure ; Endocytosis ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The three-dimensional architecture of the tubular endocytic apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum in the rat yolk-sac endoderm was investigated after loading with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated concanavalin A by intrauterine administration. After 30 min, small vesicles (50–150 nm in diameter), small tubules (80–100 nm in diameter) and large vacuoles (0.2–1.0 μm in diameter) in the apical cytoplasm were labeled with the tracer, but lysosomes (1.0–3.5 μm in diameter) in the supranuclear cytoplasm were not labeled until 60 min after loading. Stereo-viewing of the labeled small tubules in thick sections revealed that they were not isolated structures but formed three-dimensional anastomosing networks, which were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy after maceration with diluted osmium tetroxide. Their earlier labeling with the endocytic tracer, localization in the apical cytoplasm and three-dimensional network formation indicated that the labeled small tubules represented tubular endosomes (tubular endocytic apparatus). These well-developed membranous networks provided by the tubular endosomes are suggested to facilitate the receptor-mediated endocytosis and transcytosis of the maternal immunoglobulin in the rat yolk-sac endoderm. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed lace-like networks of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum near the lateral plasma membrane. Their possible involvement in transport of small molecules or electrolytes is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 15 (1994), S. 111-116 
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Schlagwort(e): Adherent animal cells ; glucose ; lactate ; productivity ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Adherent recombinant BHK cells were cultivated at temperatures between 30 and 37°C. Batch and repeated-batch-cultivations in a 2-litre bioreactor showed a significant influence on metabolism and cell growth. The low-temperature-cultivations showed a lower growth rate and a lower glucose consumption rate and, therefore, less lactate production. On the other hand, the maximum cell density and productivity seemed not to be affected by the temperature reduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Schlagwort(e): Desaturation ; eicosanoids ; lipid peroxidation ; membrane fluidity ; protein kinase C ; serum-free medium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Fatty acids (FAs) have long been recognized for their nutritional value in the absence of glucose, and as necessary components of cell membranes. However, FAs have other effects on cells that may be less familiar. Polyunsaturated FAs of dietary origin (n−6 andn−3) cannot be synthesized by mammals, and are termed ‘essential’ because they are required for the optimal biologic function of specialized cells and tissues. However, they do not appear to be necessary for normal growth and metabolism of a variety of cells in culture. The essential fatty acids (EFAs) have received increased attention in recent years due to their presumed involvement in cardiovascular disorders and in cancers of the breast, pancreas, colon and prostate. Manyin vitro systems have emerged which either examine the role of EFAs in human disease directly, or utilize EFAs to mimic thein vivo cellular environment. The effects of EFAs on cells are both direct and indirect. As components of membrane phospholipids, and due to their varying structural and physical properties, EFAs can alter membrane fluidity, at least in the local environment, and affect any process that is mediated via the membrane. EFAs containing 20 carbons and at least three double bonds can be enzymatically converted to eicosanoid hormones, which play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Alternatively, EFAs released into cells from phospholipids can act as second messengers that activate protein kinase C. Furthermore, susceptibility to oxidative damage increases with the degree of unsaturation, a complication that merits consideration because lipid peroxidation can lead to a variety of substances with toxic and mutagenic properties. The effects of EFAs on cultured cells are illustrated using the responses of normal and tumor human mammary epithelial cells. A thorough evaluation of EFA effects on commercially important cells could be used to advantage in the biotechnology industry by identifying EFA supplements that lead to improved cell growth and/or productivity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 3 (1994), S. 53-63 
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Schlagwort(e): salinity ; athalassic ; salt lakes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Salinity is the most important chemical attribute of athalassic salt lakes. Even so, some confusion persists of what ‘salinity’ means and how to measure it. For sal lakes, salinity is best defined as the sum total of all ion concentrations, or total ion concentration. Ideally, it is recommended that salinities be expressed on a mass per mass basis and as ppt (parts per thousand). Direct measurements of salinity can only be derived from full ionic analyses. Indirect measurements can be derived by determinations of density, conductivity, freezing point depression and total dissolved solids or matter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 125 (1994), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Aflatoxin ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This investigation sought to determine whether splenic lymphocytes obtained from Balb/C mice exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) showed any ultrastructural changes which could account for the immunodysfunction attributable to aflatoxins. Lymphocytes obtained from Balb/C mice administered aflatoxin B1 in olive oil daily for three weeks were studied using both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The lymphocytes demonstrated ultrastructural changes primarily in the mitochondria where marked internal dissociation of the cristae was revealed by transmission electron microscopy. All other cellular organelles were unaffected. No significant alterations in external structure were observed under scanning electron microscopy. The findings of this study indicate that AFB1 administration does not affect the surface topography of lymphocytes, but AFB1, by causing extensive mitochondrial damage, may affect the way in which these cells function. This could be a possible explanation for the immunodysfunction associated with AFB1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; DNA synthesis ; nonopiate leu-enkephalin analog ; hydra peptide morphogen ; newborns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Newborn rats were born of females exposed to high-altitude hypoxia. Pregnant females were injected i.p. either nonopiate leu-enkephalin analog or hydra peptide morphogen 10 μg/kg 30 min prior to being placed in a pressure chamber. Prenatal hypoxia causes the inhibition of the proliferative processes in tracheal epithelium and activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in lungs of newborn rats. The administration of nonopiate leu-enkephalin analog prevents the development of posthypoxic alterations in newborn rats. The administration of hydra peptide morphogen inhibits the proliferation of tracheal epithelium and lowers the activity of the antioxidant defense of the lungs in newborn rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 701-703 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): thymectomy ; phospholipids ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes and the phospholipid (PL) content and composition in the homogenate and in the mitochondrial and supramitochondrial compartments of brain cells of adult male rats were studied 3 and 6 months after thymectomy. Thymectomy was found to markedly increase the rate of LPO and to reduce antiradical activity in all cellular compartments. A reliable increase of the level of total phospholipids in the homogenate and mitochondria was observed by the third month after thymectomy and a reduction of its control levels during the sixth month postoperation. On the other hand, a reduction of the content of total phospholipids was observed in the supramitochondrial fraction by the sixth month of the experiment. An increase of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) contents was found to be mainly responsible for the changes in the level of total phospholipids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 1156-1158 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): terminal renal insufficiency ; erythrocytes ; dialysis membrane ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The content of malonic dialdehyde is shown to be significantly increased in the erythrocytes of patients as compared to the control. During hemodialysis using a regenerated cellulose membrane, the level of malonic dialdehyde reliably increased after 30 min of treatment (p〈0.05) and dropped to the initial level following 180 min of hemodialysis. The level of membrane malonic dialdehyde on the erythrocytes remained at the pre-dialysis level at the 30th and 180th min of hemodialysis when a polysulfone membrane was used. It may be assumed that the activation of lipid peroxidation is due to the interaction of cells with the dialysis membrane and can be considered as one of the markers of biocompatibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): neutrophilokin ; stress ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The response of the blood system to injection of neutrophilokin, a secretory product of latex-stimulated neutrophils, is studied. Neutrophilokin is shown to induce neutrophilic leukocytosis, eosinopenia, and lymphocytopenia and to reduce the cell count in the spleen. The ability of neutrophilokin to increase spontaneous oxidation of lipids is noted in the rat brain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 707-710 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): fever ; hemoglobin affinity for oxygen ; lipid peroxidation ; oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve ; pyrogenal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (P50 parameter) and the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), Schiff's bases, and diene conjugates in the plasma and red cell mass were examined in mixed venous blood of rabbits with pyrogenal fever. Correlation regression analysis of the tested parameters showed that reduction of the actual affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is conducive to activation of free-radical processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 731-733 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): cerebral ischemia ; nicotinic acid derivatives ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of a new derivative of oxynicotinic acid (KONA) on experimental cerebral ischemia is examined in rats. It is demonstrated that a single dose of the preparation (30 mg/kg) significantly decreases the severity of ischemic damage and increases the survival of the animals after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Comparison with xanthinol-nicotinate shows the advantages of the new preparation. Although KONA does not inhibit free-radical oxidationin vitro, it does lower the content of free-radical oxidation products in rat blood plasma to the normal level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 940-943 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): hypoxia adaptation ; inflammation ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The dynamics of lipid peroxidation and of the aseptic inflammatory process is studied in rats adapted to high altitude hypoxia. A greater activity and shorter duration of the acute period of inflammation are found in these animals, while in the reparative period stimulation of the proliferative processes and slowed formation of the fibroblast capsule are noted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 1045-1049 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): reactive oxygen species ; lipid peroxidation ; central nervous system ; cerebral disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The current status of knowledge about the roles played by radical reactions in the pathogenesis of cerebral pathologies is reviewed, and it is shown that these reactions are of key importance to the damage sustained by cellular structures of the central nervous system. Novel approaches to the management of cerebral disorders, based on the use of antioxidants, are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 474-475 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; diene conjugates ; malonic dialdehyde ; antioxidant activity ; vitamin E
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An increase in the content of primary and final lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and a decrease in the fat- and water-soluble antioxidants in blood plasma are revealed in a study of hypohydration induced by administration of 40 mg furosemide alone or in combination with 1 tablet of triampure. Intensification of free radical processes in states simulating weightlessness may be related to the loss of fluid due to transformation of water-electrolyte metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 530-532 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): hypoxia ; newborns ; DNA synthesis ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidant defense
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Newborn rats euthanized 24 h after birth were examined. The rats were born to females exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia on days 14–19 of gestation. The index of nuclei labeled with3H-thymidine in the tracheal epithelium of newborn rats exposed to prenatal hypoxia was 3 times lower than in the control. The LPO level was higher in posthypoxic animals than in intact rats. Prenatal hypoxia led to the suppression of antioxidant defense in the lungs of newborn rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 622-625 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): experimental bronchospasm ; lipid peroxidation ; alveolar macrophages ; bronchodilators ; antioxidant properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The development of bronchospasm is shown to be accompanied by lipid peroxidation (LPO) activation; 3-fold and 8-fold rises of malondialdehyde concentration are found in homogenate of lung from sensitized animals and from animals provoked with egg albumin antigen, respectively. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) reveals that in sensitized rats the production of oxygen free radicals is increased by alveolar macrophages activated with phorbol myristate acetate. Troventol at 10−3 mg/ml inhibits the CL response of phagocytes both in intact and in sensitized rats and lowers the level of Fe2+-induced LPO in lung tissue but not in the liver of intact animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 809-812 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): generator of pathologically enhanced excitation ; neuropathic pain syndrome ; α-tocopherol ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The rat model of a neuropathic pain syndrome (transection of the sciatic nerve with encapsulation of its central end) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the antioxidant α-tocopherol in such syndromes. It was found that administration of α-tocopherol 3 days before nerve transection and then for 3 weeks thereafter it delayed the development of the pain syndrome, which subsequently tended to subside. In contrast, a 3-week α-tocopherol treatment started when the pain syndrome had already set in failed to influence its evolution. α-Tocopherol markedly reduced manifestations of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the denervated limb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 1322-1323 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; lipid unsaturation ; blood ; transplanted tumor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The extreme nature of changes of lipid unsaturation in plasma of mice with Lewis carcinoma is demonstrated. The maximal activation of lipid peroxidation is observed on days 7–9 after transplantation and correlates with the exponential growth of the tumor. From the 9th day the level of double bonds in plasma lipids increases, this coinciding with the first appearance of metastases in the lungs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; anemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that a peroxidase-catalase mechanism of antioxidant defense predominates in the erythrocytes of children with acquired aplastic anemia, and that the high level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes in such children dictates the need for continued antioxidant therapy during all phases of the disease. The antioxidant effect of glucocorticoids appears to be quite sufficient for eliminating the more severe effects of LPO.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 41-44 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): antenatal effect of ethanol ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic system of antioxidant defense ; brain ; liver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In contrast to short-term exposure, prolonged exposure to ethanol in the anternatal period is found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver of rats. Activation of the system of antioxidant defense in the brain and liver is observed after both short-and long-term exposure to ethanol. After short-term ethanol exposure, limontar normalizes lipid peroxidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 571-573 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): chorionic gonadotropin ; lipid peroxidation ; liver ; heart
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A study is performed of the effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lipid peroxidation in the liver and myocardium of white rats injected subcutaneously with tetrachloromethane for a long time. Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to reduce the content of diene conjugates and Schiff bases, which suggests an antioxidant effect of the hormone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 117 (1994), S. 601-603 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): fatty acids ; erythrocyte membranes ; iron deficiency ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and an increased concentration of LPO products in the plasma and erythrocytes are observed in children with severe and moderate iron deficiency, whereas the values do not differ from the control in children with mild and latent iron deficiency. It is assumed that the excess of polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes may lead to a shortening of the erythrocyte life span in severe and moderate iron deficiency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 824-827 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): selenium in rat diet ; lipid peroxidation ; linoleic acid metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Examination of the fatty-acid composition of lipids contained in the liver, spleen, blood plasma, aggregated lymphatic follicles of the small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats fed diets supplemented with selenium revealed an appreciable effect of this element on the efficiency with which linoleic acid was metabolized to arachidonic acid, which was reflected in an increased 20:4/18:2 ratio. In contrast, Se was found to have little or no effect on levels of lipid peroxidation products in tissues and blood serum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): erythrocyte ultrastructure ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that incubation of a suspension of human erythrocytes with H2O2 and Ca2+ mainly results in echinocytic transformation and hemolysis; incubation with H2O2 in the absence of Ca2+ is attended by polymorphous changes in erythrocytes: discocyte swelling, formation of stomatocytes and echinocytes and their hemolysis. The level of free fatty acids in human erythrocytes increases for incubation with Ca2+ and calcimycin under anaerobic conditions and drops for H2O2-induced activation of lipid peroxidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ceruloplasmin ; experimental influenza infection ; immunity ; lipid peroxidation ; cyclic nucleotides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Exogenous ceruloplasmin is shown to increase the resistance of mice to influenza virus, reduce the immunodepressive effect of the virus, and improve the biochemical parameters in the acute period of experimental infection. A possible positive effect of ceruloplasmin on delayed complications of influenza is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 1085-1087 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; rat brain ; open-field behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract It is found for each of the rat brain regions studied (cerebral cortex, subjacent white substance, and brainstem) that both the initial levels of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive products and the rates of their increment are highest in rats resistant to emotional stress and lowest in stress-prone rats, and that the rates at which lipid peroxidation products accumulate are highest in the brainstem and lowest in the white substance. A correlation is presumed to exist between individual resistance to cerebral ischemia and the rate of lipid peroxidation in particular brain regions of healthy rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 1276-1279 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): bronchial asthma ; monocyte ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The capacity of monocytes obtained from patients with bronchial asthma for a “respiratory burst” in response to phorbol myristate acetate and arachidonic acid was studied, the level of lipid peroxidation in the monocytes of asthmatic patients during the disease onset in comparison with healthy donors was determined, and lipid peroxidation activation in the plasma membranes in response to phorbol myristate acetate and arachidonic acid was studied. The generation of $$O\frac{ \cdot }{2}$$ by the bronchial asthma patients' and healthy donors' monocytes after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate was similar. Arachidonic acid induced no generation of $$O\frac{ \cdot }{2}$$ by donor monocytes; however, upon incubation of patient monocytes with arachidonic acid the respiratory burst was markedly enhanced, and the quantity of $$O\frac{ \cdot }{2}$$ generated during 15 min was almost 6-fold greater than upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. The lipid peroxidation level in donor and patient monocytes differed significantly. A similar potentiation of lipid peroxidation in response to phorbol myristate acetate was observed in both groups; incubation of cells with arachidonic acid induced a greater increase in lipid peroxidation, which was similar for both groups, the increase in lipid peroxidation products in response to arachidonic acid being significantly higher than in response to phorbol myristate acetate. It can be assumed that the considerable enhancement of the oxygen response of the monocytes of the bronchial asthma patients indicates the activation of mononuclear macrophages and their participation in the pathogenesis of the disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 1280-1281 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ischemia ; brain ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pathomorphological changes in a focus of ischemia, the level of lipid peroxidation (as indicated by the content of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid), and the postischemic levels of adenyl nucleotides and tissue lipids were studied in rats with focal compression ischemia of the cerebral cortex. An increased level of the TBA-reactive products paralleled by a reduction of the concentrations of adenyl nucleotides and tissue lipids was found to be in clear-cut correlation with the processes of neuronal injury and death and with subsequent repair phenomena in the focus of cortical ischemia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 335-336 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Iron complex ; lipid peroxidation ; calcium uptake enhancement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Comparison of Ca2+ uptake by Ehrlich carcinoma cells in presence of ferric lactate or aluminum lactate, and formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, suggests that lipid peroxidation is associated with but not the cause of calcium overload that can lead to cell injury and death.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Capsule ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Deep-etching ; Quick-freezing ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The three-dimensional ultrastructure ofCryptococcus neoformans was studied by quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method.C. neoformans, strain CDC551, was cultured on agar. The viable yeast cells (107 cells) were inoculated into each mouse from the tail vein. Three weeks after the inoculation, the brains of the mice were perfused with fixatives, quickly frozen, freeze-fractured, deeply etched and rotary shadowed with platinum and carbon. In addition, the viable cells ofC. neoformans on agar were picked up and quickly frozen, and replica membranes were prepared as described above. The ultrastructure ofC. neoformans was three-dimensionally demonstrated by the QF-DE method. The capsule was composed of fine meshworks of microfibrils (10–13 nm in diameter), which were directly attached to the cell walls. The capsule of the in vivo yeasts (yeast cells in the brain lesion) was thicker than that of the in vitro yeasts (yeast cells on agar culture). At the outer part of the cell wall, a particle-accumulating layer was observed. This layer in vivo was thicker than that in vitro. Occasionally, the yeast cells were ingested by phagocytes in the mouse brain. Although the cytoplasm of such yeast cells was destroyed, the capsular meshworks were well preserved. The ultrastructure of the capsule was the same both in cultured and phagocytized yeasts in the cystic lesions of the brains. This lack of morphological changes of the capsular meshworks suggests that they are resistant to the digestion by phagocytes. This stability of capsular structures may provide one of the important pathogenic factors in cystic lesions byC. neoformans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 870-875 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Mammary gland ; regulation of protein secretion ; chemiluminescence ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In mammary explants of lactating mice, changes in the intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) were observed after the addition to the incubation medium of hormones and mediators that are involved in the regulation of secretion: oxytocin, acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. A 15-min period of treatment with oxytocin, epinephrine or norepinephrine changed the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Two mammary explants, one of which was treated with oxytocin, acetylcholine, epinephrine or norepinephrine, were found to interact even when separated by a quartz glass wall. Analysis of the level of TBARS formation in these two explants showed that the observed interactions might be connected with light emission resulting from lipid peroxidation (LP) processes. The possible role of LP and low-level CL in the regulation of mammary gland secretion is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 124 (1993), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): Ischemia/reperfusion ; xanthine oxidase ; oxygen free radicals ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study looks at the role of xanthine oxidase (XO) in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced intestinal mucosal damage using normal and xanthine oxidase deficient rats. Tungstate feeding for 3 days depleted the intestinal mucosal XO by 80%. A ligated loop of the rat small intestine (both normal and XO-deficient) was subjected to 1 h of total ischemia followed by 5 min revascularisation. The ensuing mucosal damage was assessed by biochemical and histological studies. Ischemia or I/R increased the XO levels in normal rats without any change in XO-deficient rats. Myeloperoxidase (a neutrophil marker) level was increased in both group of rats but it was comparatively higher in the XO-deficient rats. Accumulation of peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde, conjugated diene and increased production of hydroxyl radicals by microsomes were seen after ischemia and I/R and were similar in normal and XO-deficient rats. Studies on other parameters of peroxidation showed a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol, an increase in cysteine and cystine levels after I/R and were similar in both normal and XO-deficient rats. Histological results indicated gross morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa due to ischemia and I/R, and the damage was more severe in XO-deficient rats. These observations suggest that oxygen-derived free radicals are involved in the intestinal mucosal damage during I/R and infiltrated neutrophils rather than XO may be the primary source of free radicals under these conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 124 (1993), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): mitochondrial swelling ; lipid peroxidation ; Ca functions ; biological response modifiers ; free radicals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to understand any involvement of altered calcium functions in peroxidative membrane damage, the effect of a few chemicals, known to modify specific biological responses involving calcium related functions on mitochondrial swellingin vitro was studied. Histamine caused swelling, whereas antihistamines reduced calcium induced swelling. Anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and indomethacin did not affect the initial rapid phase of swelling but reduced the swelling during the later phase. The uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain blockers such as dinitrophenol (DNP), antimycin-A and rotenone reduced swelling and the respiratory inhibitors KCN and sodium azide completely abolished it. Trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin agent did not influence the initial phase of calcium induced swelling but in the subsequent phase swelling was reduced. c-AMP as well as calcium ionophores, calcimycin and lasalocid acid, potentiated swelling. Thus agents capable of modulating calcium functions could influence thein vitro swelling of mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 126 (1993), S. 69-75 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): ascorbic acid ; superoxide radical ; NADPH ; lipid peroxidation ; oxidative damage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract One of the current theories of cardiovascular disease is that it may begin with oxygen radical-induced damages. Extensive studies have been made in different laboratories to elucidate the mechanism of oxidative damages in the presence of added iron salts. However, thosein vitro studies are unlikely to be relevant to thein vivo situation, where in the normal physiological condition most of the iron remains bound with proteins. In the present study we have demonstrated that anin vitro system containing desferrioxamine, a strong iron chelator, superoxide generated by the action of xanthine oxidase on acetaldehyde initiates lipid peroxidation and protein changes in the guinea pig cardiac microsomes. We have further demonstrated that superoxide-initiated lipid peroxidation and protein changes are completely prevented by ascorbic acid. SOD also prevents but catalase, α-tocopherol, glutathione, uric acid, thiourea, mannitol and histidine are without effect. When NADPH is used instead of generated superoxide, the lipid peroxidation and protein changes are exclusively inhibited by ascorbic acid. SOD, catalase and other antioxidants are ineffective. The results obtained with guinea pigs may be extrapolated to humans, because like guinea pigs humans are also incapable of synthesizing ascorbic acid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 120 (1993), S. 141-149 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; ferrous-iron ; mitochondria ; ubiquinone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Addition of ferrous sulfate, but not ferric chloride, in micromolar concentrations to rat liver mitochondria induced high rates of consumption of oxygen. The oxygen consumed was several times in excess of the reducing capacity of ferrous-iron (O: Fe ratios 5–8). This occurred in the absence of NADPH or any exogenous oxidizable substrate. The reaction terminated on oxidation of ferrous ions. Malondialdehyde (MDA), measured as thiobarbituric acid-reacting material, was produced indicating peroxidation of lipids. The ratio of O2: MDA was about 4: 1. Pretreatment of mitochondria with ferrous sulfate decreased the rate of oxidation (state 3) with glutamate (+malate) as the substrate by about 40% but caused little damage to energy tranduction process as represented by ratios of ADP: O and respiratory control, as well as calcium-stimulated oxygen uptake and energy-dependent uptake of [45Ca]-calcium. Addition of succinate or ubiquinone decreased ferrous iron-induced lipid peroxidation in intact mitochondria. In frozen-thawed mitochondria, addition of succinate enhanced lipid peroxidation whereas ubiquinone had little effect. These results suggest that ferrous-iron can cause peroxidation of mitochondrial lipids without affecting the energy transduction systems, and that succinate and ubiquinone can offer protection from damage due to such ferrous-iron released from the stores within the cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 125 (1993), S. 115-125 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): stress induced gastric ulcer ; gastric peroxidase ; gastric superoxide dismutase ; gastric prostaglandin synthetase ; lipid peroxidation ; reactive oxygen species ; oxidative gastric damage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of cold-restraint stress on the antioxidant enzymes of the rat gastric mucosa was studied with a view to finding out their role in stress induced gastric ulceration. Histological examination revealed stress induced extensive damage of the surface epithelial cell with lesions extending upto submucosa in some cases. Stress causes time-dependent increase in histamine and pepsin content but decrease in acid content of the gastric fluid with the progress of ulceration (ulcer index) for two hours. The tissue lipid peroxidation was significantly increased as evidenced by accumulation of malondialdehyde. Since lipid peroxidation results from the generation of reactive oxygen species, stress effect was studied on some antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidases and prostaglandin synthetase as a function of time. The time dependent increase in stress ulcer correlates well with the concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase activity and decrease in peroxidase and prostaglandin synthetase activity. This creates a favourable condition for accumulation of endogenous H2O2 and more reactive hydroxyl radical (OH·). Administration of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione or sodium benzoate prior to stress causes significant decrease in ulcer index and lipid peroxidation and protection of gastric peroxidase activity suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in stress induced gastric ulceration. This is supported by thein vitro observation that OH· can also inactivate peroxidase and induce lipid peroxidation. As prostaglandin is known to offer cytoprotection, stress-induced loss of prostaglandin synthetase activity appears to aggravate the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): liver microsomes ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A better understanding of the mechanism of lipid peroxidation during the metabolism of cyclosporine A (CsA) might help explain the toxicities of this immunosuppressive drug on various organs. Ourin vitro work used microsomes prepared from livers of phenobarbital-induced male rats. The incubations (total volume 1ml) also contained a NADPH regenerating system and substrate (i.e., CsA, carbon tetrachloride, or aminopyrine) dissolved in ethanol. Lipid peroxidation was inferred from the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA) which was detected by the thiobarbituric acid assay. The formation of CsA hydroxylated metabolites (AM9 and AM1) was monitored by liquid chromatography. The activity of the microsomal incubation was confirmed by measurements of MDA and formaldehyde production caused by increasing concentrations of CsA, carbon tetrachloride, and aminopyrine. The occurrence of hydroxylated metabolites was not coupled to the production of MDA. Aminopyrine could inhibit MDA production by CsA, but CsA could not reduce the formation of formaldehyde by aminopyrine. Erythromycin, a competitor for the binding site of CsA on cytochrome P450, reduced MDA production by CsA, and CsA inhibited formaldehyde production by erythromycin. Interaction studies with SKF 525A, ketoconazole, superoxide dismutase, catalase, α-tocopherol, and reduced glutathione confirmed the role of cytochrome P450 and the presence of activated oxygen species as a source of microsomal peroxidation which in return may explain the inhibitory effect of CsA on cytochrome P450 itself.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 125 (1993), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): kidney ; ischemia-reperfusion ; antioxidant enzymes ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of ischemia-reperfusion on activity, protein and m-RNA levels of catalase, copper-zinc and manganese containing superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase, the enzymes that are involved in free radical detoxification was studied in rat kidney. Ischemia alone did not alter either the activities or protein levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, catalase activity was found to be inhibited to 82% of control. The inhibition of catalase was due to the inactivation of the enzyme as there was no significant change in enzyme protein level. Reperfusion following ischemia, however, led to a significant decrease in both the activities as well as the protein levels of all the antioxidant enzymes. The observed overall decrease in total superoxide dismutase activity was the net effect of a decrease in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase while manganese superoxide dismutase activity was found to be increased following reperfusion. This observed increased manganese superoxide dismutase activity was the result of its increased protein level. The mRNA levels for catalase, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione peroxidase were observed to be increased (100–145% of controls) following ischemia; reperfusion of ischemic kidneys, however, resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of mRNAs coding for all the enzymes except manganese superoxide dismutase which remained high. These results suggest that in tissue, the down regulation of the antioxidant enzyme system could be responsible for the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 103-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skin ; Langerhans cell ; ATPase-histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Ia antigen ; Four avian species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The occurrence of cells resembling mammalian Langerhans cells in the avian epidermis was studied by ATPase histochemistry, Ia immunoreactivity and electron microscopy. The existence of MHC class II antigen-(Ia) expressing, ATPase-positive dendritic cells, which are ultrastructurally similar to mammalian Langerhans cells except for the absence of Birbeck granules, was demonstrated. These cells may be a basic component of the immune system of birds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Proventriculus ; Endocrine ontogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Silver impregnations ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of endocrine cells in the chicken proventriculus has been investigated using light-and electron-microscopy in conjunction with silver and immunocytochemical techniques. The first morphologically detectable endocrine cells were found in 5-day-old embryos by electron microscopy. From the 9th to the 13th day, endocrine cells in contact with the lumen of the organ could be detected both by electron and light (silver impregnation) microscopy. The number of open-type endocrine cells progressively decreased and the number of closed-type increased after this stage. Until the 16th day, endocrine cells were located exclusively in the luminal epithelium, but afterwards they appeared in progressively greater numbers in the compound glands. After hatching, long cytoplasmic processes could be seen in the endocrine cells. Immunoreactivities to regulatory substances appeared in the following order: serotonin (day-14), avian pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin (day-16), bombesin and neurotensin (day-18), and finally, met-enkephalin (day-21).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 579-585 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroxine ; Pituitary gland, pars distalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse (Snell dwarf)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of dietary thyroxine on the immunoreactivity of cells in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis in dwarf (dw/dw) mice were determined by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. In nontreated dwarfs only adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cells and luteinizing hormone (LH) cells showed positive reactions to their respective antibodies, whereas no cells showed immunoreactivity to antibodies to growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or prolactin (Prl). In dwarfs supplemented postnatally with dietary thyroxine for 9 wks, the treatment failed to produced immunoreactive GH, TSH or Prl cells. However, LH cells became more prominent and fully developed, with denser concentrations of immunoreactive particles overlying the secretory granules than occurred in nontreated dwarfs. In thyroxine-treated dwarfs, ACTH cells were similar in ultrastructural features and immunoreactivity to those in nontreated dwarfs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal cortex ; Differentiation ; Tissue culture ; Proliferation ; Ultrastructure ; Steroids ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The proliferation rate of differentiating fetal rat adrenocortical cells was studied in primary culture. In this system, stimulation with ACTH induces differentiation of zona glomerulosa-like cortical cells into zona fasciculata-like cells. Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was studied immunocytochemically by use of anti-BrdU antibody, and the proliferation rate was counted from the monolayer colonies of adrenocortical cells. After 21 days of cultivation in the absence of ACTH, the proliferation rate of zona glomerulosa-like cells was 10%. The rate slowly declined to 1% at the age of 100 days during continuous cultivation in the absence of ACTH. Stimulation with ACTH induced a strong inhibition in the proliferation rate (down to 2% during the first 24 h). Treatment with ACTH during the following 48 h led to an extremely intense proliferation of adrenocortical cells at a proliferation rate of 25%. Continuous treatment with ACTH up to 100 days led to a persistent growth of adrenocortical cells, and a proliferation rate over 2-fold higher than in control cells cultivated in the absence of ACTH. Thus, ACTH is the principal growth-promoting factor also in vitro, as has been found in in vivo studies. This growth effect is mediated by a biphasic course; at the beginning of differentiation the effect is inhibitory and is followed by a persistent stimulation of the growth of adrenocortical cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Leydig cell ; Testis ; Interstitium ; Aging ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Testosterone ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The ultrastructure of testicular interstitium in young and aged adult rats was analysed using morphometric methods, and the plasma testosterone concentration was measured. With increasing age there was an augumentation in the volume of collagen fibrils in the intercellular matrix and in blood vessels. During the aging process (approximately two years) the average volume of the Leydig cell decreased from 1364 μm3 to 637 μm3, but the number of Leydig cells in paired testes increased from 53x106 to 113x106. The absolute volume of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) per Leydig cell amounted in aged rats to 78% of that in young adult rats. The total amount of SER in paired testes increased by 62% with aging. The present analysis suggests that the ability of SER to maintain peripheral testosterone concentration decreases with age. In young adult rats the absolute volume of peroxisomes per Leydig cell correlated significantly with the concentration of testosterone in blood and also with the absolute volume of SER per Leydig cell. These results combined with ultrastructural observations of close apposition of peroxisomes and SER suggest that peroxisomes have a role in testosterone secretion by Leydig cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enterochromaffin-like cells ; Hypergastrinemia ; Hypertrophy ; Ultrastructure ; Omeprazole ; Portacaval shunt ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The histamine-producing enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells in the acid-producing portion of the rat stomach responded to long-standing hypergastrinemia (omeprazole treatment daily for 8–10 weeks) with hypertrophy (and hyperplasia) and with a reduced number of granules and vesicles per unit cytoplasm. There was a reduction in the ratio of electron-dense granules versus vesicles and an increase in the profile diameter of the vesicles. Also, portacaval shunting (PCS) induced changes in the ECL cells, manifesting (i) as an increase in cell number and size, and (ii) as a reduced number of granules and vesicles per unit area. The cytoplasmic granules and vesicle profiles were enlarged, and the ratio of granules versus vesicles was reduced. The combination of PCS and long-standing hypergastrinemia (omeprazole treatment) produced a greatly enhanced ECL cell hypertrophy (and hyperplasia) and a marked reduction in the number of granules. The ratio of granules versus vesicles was markedly reduced while the profile diameters of both granules and vesicles were increased. The relative predominance of very large vesicles (vacuoles) was a prominent feature of the ECL cells in these rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intraepithelial axons ; Free nerve endings ; Nasal mucosa ; Ultrastructure ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of nerve fibres in the mucosa of the nasal septum of the rat was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy on transverse and tangential ultrathin sections. Near the basement membrane of respiratory and squamous epithelium, a rather dense network of unmyelinated nerve fibres occurs. Some fibres in the respiratory epithelium ascend between the epithelial cells to reach up to the tight junctions. These fibres appeared in transverse sections to end as hooks or boutons, sometimes with branches. These shapes resemble the free nerve endings that are considered to act as nociceptors. The small intraepithelial fibres, with diameters of about 0.5–1 μm, contain both dense granules and clear vesicles comparable to synaptic vesicles. Substance P was found in dense granules in basal fibres; vasoactive intestinal peptide was absent throughout the epithelium. Acetylcholinesterase activity was observed closely associated with the basal fibres; the apical fibres showed little if any activity. Membrane specializations pointing to an efferent function as well as structures usually associated with mechanoreceptive functions were lacking in both respiratory and squamous epithelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Harderian gland ; Castration ; Testosterone ; Ultrastructure ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of gonadectomy and testosterone treatment on the fine structure of the Harderian gland in male and female green frogs were investigated in different periods of the year. Gonadectomy, carried out when the glands are in the lowest secretory phase (September), causes degenerative changes consisting of a reduction of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the appearance of autolysosomes, and an increase of nuclear heterochromatin. These effects can be prevented by testosterone treatment. No castration effects are found during the recovery (November) and enhancement (April-May) phases of secretory activity. The results suggest that the frog Harderian gland's sensitivity to testosterone changes during the annual cycle. The androgen dependence of the Harderian gland is correlated with the presence of androgen receptors in both male and female forgs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Harderian gland ; Ultrastructure ; Fura-2/AM digital imaging ; Calcium ion ; Carbamylcholine ; Myoepithelial cells ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To determine whether lipid-secreting cells have cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c)-related secretory mechanisms, morphological changes and intracellular calcium dynamics of Harderian glands of guinea pigs stimulated by secretagogs were studied by electron microspy and Fura-2/AM digital image analysis. Control glandular cells contained large lipid vacuoles that were bordered by multi-layered membranes. Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum may be involved in lipid vacuole formation. Myoepithelial cells surrounded alveoli. After carbamylcholine (CCh, 10−6, 10−5, and 10−3 M) stimulation, lipid materials within the membranous structures were frequently discharged by an exocytotic mechanism. Conspicuous deformation of glandular cells caused by vigorous contraction of myoepithelial cells was observed in isolated alveoli after 10−6M CCh stimulation, whereas the deformaties of glandular tissues perfused via vessels were small even after 10−3M CCh stimulation. Connective tissue between glandular alveoli inhibited unbridled myoepithelial-cell contraction. Fura-2/AM digital imaging analysis revealed that CCh stimulation caused an increase in [Ca2+]c in isolated alveoli. The morphological reactions and changes in [Ca2+]c were prevented by atropine. When extracellular calcium ions were absent, enhanced extrusion of lipid vacuoles, myoepithelial-cell contraction, and a rise in [Ca2+]c after CCh stimulation were not observed. Nicotine and catecholamines had no effect on the secretion or on the dynamics of [Ca2+]c. It can be concluded that acetylcholine elicits exocytosis in glandular cells and contraction of the myoepithelial cells of Harderian glands, accompanied by an increase in [Ca2+]c. The dynamics of [Ca2+]c of the gland alveoli are mostly dependent on extracellular Ca2+.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endocrine pancreas ; Peptides ; Ultrastructure ; Immunogold labeling ; Sea bass ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Insulin (B)-, somatostatin 25 (SST-25) (D1)-, somatostatin 14 (SST-14) (D2)-, glucagon (A)-, and glucagon PP/PYY/NPY (PP-like)-immunoreactive cells in islets of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were characterized according to their ultrastructure and immunogold labeling. Cells labeled with antisera to bonito and salmon insulin had numerous secretory granules with a small halo and round core, and a few with wide halo and round or crystalloid core. Gold particles were found throughout the granule in tissue labeled with the former but only in the core in tissue labeled with the latter. D1 cells had large granules with a medium electron-dense content and some with a darker core. D2 had smaller medium or high electron-dense secretory granules than D1 cells, located mainly in cell periphery. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells contained some granules with a polygonal core that was heavily labeled and other granules with a round core with no or hardly any labeling. Glucagon and PP-like immunoreactivity were co-localized in secretory granules, in which the gold particles showed no different distribution with the various antisera used. PYY-immunoreactive granules were also found in nerve endings. All the pancreatic endocrine cell types showing involutive characteristics are found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 353-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Trigeminal nerve ; Mechanoreceptors ; Skin ; Peripheral autonomic ganglia ; Ultrastructure ; Myxine glutinosa ; Cyclostomata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The integument of the hagfish Myxine glutinosa is described with respect to the topography and the fine structural organization of the dermal and hypodermal nerve fiber plexus. Both nerve fiber plexuses contain small ganglion cells with axodendritic and axosomatic synapscs. The six barbels of the head (4 nasal and 2 oral barbels) are supplied with about 5600 afferent trigeminal nerve fibers via the right and left ophthalmic nerve. With respect to the topography of the sensory nerve terminals in the barbels different types of receptors are termed the external cuff receptor, internal cuff receptor, and perichondrial receptor. Free nerve terminals occur within the epidermal layer, especially at the tip region of the barbels and in the glassy membrane of the dermis. The hypodermal edge receptor organ extends from the ventral nasal barbel to the oral barbel. A mechanoreceptive function of the different receptor types is discussed. The innervation pattern of the barbel is similar to the innervation of the mammalian sinus hair. In this context, the barbel is a highly differentiated receptor organ able to explore the nearest surroundings with high stereognostic perception. The ganglion cells of the skin seem to represent a part of the peripheral autonomic nervous system, which is involved in the control of secretion mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 183-192 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retina ; Müller cells ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Quantitative analysis ; Ultrastructure ; Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have previously shown that an antibody against neuron-specific enolase (NSE) selectively labels Müller cells (MCs) in the anuran retina (Wilhelm et al. 1992). In the present study the light- and electron-microscopic morphology of MCs and their distribution were described in the retina of the toad, Bufo marinus, using the above antibody. The somata of MCs were located in the proximal part of the inner nuclear layer and were interconnected with each other by their processes. The MCs were uniformly distributed across the retina with an average density of 1500 cells/mm2. Processes of MCs encircled the somata of photoreceptor cells isolating them from each other by glial sheath, except for those of the double cones. Some of the photoreceptor pedicles remained free of glial sheath. Electron-microscopic observations confirmed that MC processes provide an extensive scaffolding across the neural retina. At the outer border of the ganglion cell layer these processes formed a non-continuous sheath. The MC processes traversed through the ganglion cell layer and spread beneath it between the neuronal somata and the underlying optic axons. These processes formed a continuous inner limiting membrane separating the optic fibre layer from the vitreous tissue. Neither astrocytic nor oligodendrocytic elements were found in the optic fibre layer. The significance of the uniform MC distribution and the functional implications of the observed pattern of MC scaffolding are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 509-516 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myenteric plexus ; Enteric nervous system ; Intestine, small ; Ultrastructure ; Innervation, of intestinal muscle ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The tertiary component of the myenteric plexus consists of interlacing fine nerve fibre bundles that run between its principal ganglia and connecting nerve strands. It was revealed by zinc iodide-osmium impregnation and substance P immunohistochemistry at the light-microscope level. The plexus was situated against the inner face of the longitudinal muscle and was present along the length of the small intestine at a density that did not vary markedly from proximal to distal. Nerve bundles did not appear to be present in the longitudinal muscle as judged by light microscopy, although numberous fibre bundles were encountered within the circular muscle layer. At the ultrastructural level, nerve fibre bundles of the tertiary plexus were found in grooves formed by the innermost layer of longitudinal smooth muscle cells. In the distal parts of the small intestine, some of these nerve fibre bundles occasionally penetrated the longitudinal muscle coat. Vesiculated profiles in nerve fibre bundles of the tertiary plexus contained variable proportions of small clear and large granular vesicles; they often approached to within 50–200 nm of the longitudinal smooth muscle cells. Fibroblast-like cells lay between strands of the tertiary plexus and the circular muscle but were never intercalated between nerve fibre varicosities and the longitudinal muscle. These anatomical relationships are consistent with the tertiary plexus being the major site of neurotransmission to the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 9 (1993), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Schlagwort(e): cell viability ; in vitro assays ; lipid peroxidation ; lymphocytes ; mono(ADP-ribose) transferase ; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase ; sulfur mustard
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether inhibitors of normal cellular functions can reduce cytotoxicity induced by sulfur mustard (HD). The compounds examined include inhibitors ofpoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PADPRP), inhibitors of mono(ADP-ribose) transferase (MADPRT), inhibitors of lipidperoxidation, and an inhibitor ofprotein synthesis. To determine the effects of these compounds on HD-induced cell death, human lymphocyte preparations were treated with known concentrations (0.1 μM to 1000 μM) of an inhibitor and exposed to an estimated 87% effect concentration (EC87) of HD (170 μM) for loss in cell viability. Cell viability was determined at 24–26hr post-exposure to HD using a dye (propidium iodide) exclusion assay and a flow cytometer. All of the selected PADPRP inhibitors were found to be effective at reducing the cytotoxic effects of HD. These inhibitors were rank-ordered based on the concentration that gives 50% (EC50) reduction ofHD-induced cell death.A signijicant correlation (r=0.94) was observed between the compounds' ability to inhibit PADPRP and the compounds' ability to reduce HD- induced cell death, suggesting that PADPRP plays a role in HD-induced cell death. Inhibitors of MADPRT, lipid peroxidation, and protein synthesis were not effective at reducing HD-induced cell death.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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