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  • United States  (1,008)
  • *Ecosystem  (563)
  • Cell Line  (341)
  • Phosphorylation
  • Rats
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,152)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2005-2009  (2,152)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Psychology. Racial bias, unspoken but heard (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dovidio, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1641-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1184231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. john.dovidio@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Social Behavior ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    U.S. budget. Science wins $21 billion boost as stimulus package becomes law (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):992-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Green energy. Another biofuels drawback: the demand for irrigation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):516-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326_516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Biofuels ; *Ethanol ; Eutrophication ; Poaceae/growth & development ; United States ; *Water ; Water Supply ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Coat color and type are essential characteristics of domestic dog breeds. Although the genetic basis of coat color has been well characterized, relatively little is known about the genes influencing coat growth pattern, length, and curl. We performed genome-wide association studies of more than 1000 dogs from 80 domestic breeds to identify genes associated with canine fur phenotypes. Taking advantage of both inter- and intrabreed variability, we identified distinct mutations in three genes, RSPO2, FGF5, and KRT71 (encoding R-spondin-2, fibroblast growth factor-5, and keratin-71, respectively), that together account for most coat phenotypes in purebred dogs in the United States. Thus, an array of varied and seemingly complex phenotypes can be reduced to the combinatorial effects of only a few genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cadieu, Edouard -- Neff, Mark W -- Quignon, Pascale -- Walsh, Kari -- Chase, Kevin -- Parker, Heidi G -- Vonholdt, Bridgett M -- Rhue, Alison -- Boyko, Adam -- Byers, Alexandra -- Wong, Aaron -- Mosher, Dana S -- Elkahloun, Abdel G -- Spady, Tyrone C -- Andre, Catherine -- Lark, K Gordon -- Cargill, Michelle -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Wayne, Robert K -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- 1R01GM83606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):150-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177808. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Dogs/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Hair/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Haplotypes ; Keratins, Hair-Specific/*genetics ; Lod Score ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thrombospondins/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A new wave of chemical regulations just ahead? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):692-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; *Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    On incentives for innovation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1163. doi: 10.1126/science.1184848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Motivation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Coevolution of plants and their pathogens in natural habitats (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Understanding of plant-pathogen coevolution in natural systems continues to develop as new theories at the population and species level are increasingly informed by studies unraveling the molecular basis of interactions between individual plants and their pathogens. The next challenge lies in further integration of these approaches to develop a comprehensive picture of how life history traits of both players interact with the environment to shape evolutionary trajectories.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burdon, Jeremy J -- Thrall, Peter H -- R01 GM074265-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):755-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1171663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Plant Industry, Post Office Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Jeremy.Burdon@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Fungi/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Immunity, Innate ; Plant Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plants/genetics/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Soil microbial communities and restoration ecology: facilitators or followers? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Microorganisms have critical roles in the functioning of soil in nutrient cycling, structural formation, and plant interactions, both positive and negative. These roles are important in reestablishing function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration. Measurement of the community indicates the status of the system in relation to restoration targets and the effectiveness of management interventions, and manipulation of the community shows promise in the enhancement of the rate of recovery of degraded systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):573-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1172975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Natural Resources, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/*physiology ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    U.S. science. OSTP, NOAA chiefs finally get a chance to lead (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1656. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1656a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Restoration of ecosystem services for environmental markets (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Ecological restoration is an activity that ideally results in the return of an ecosystem to an undisturbed state. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans derive from ecosystems. The two have been joined to support growing environmental markets with the goal of creating restoration-based credits that can be bought and sold. However, the allure of these markets may be overshadowing shortcomings in the science and practice of ecological restoration. Before making risky investments, we must understand why and when restoration efforts fall short of recovering the full suite of ecosystem services, what can be done to improve restoration success, and why direct measurement of the biophysical processes that support ecosystem services is the only way to guarantee the future success of these markets. Without new science and an oversight framework to protect the ecosystem service assets which people depend, markets could actually accelerate environmental degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret A -- Filoso, Solange -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):575-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Biophysical Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Agriculture. Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitousek, P M -- Naylor, R -- Crews, T -- David, M B -- Drinkwater, L E -- Holland, E -- Johnes, P J -- Katzenberger, J -- Martinelli, L A -- Matson, P A -- Nziguheba, G -- Ojima, D -- Palm, C A -- Robertson, G P -- Sanchez, P A -- Townsend, A R -- Zhang, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1519-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1170261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. vitousek@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods ; China ; Environmental Pollution ; Fertilizers ; Kenya ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; *Soil ; United States ; *Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Disruption of vertical motility by shear triggers formation of thin phytoplankton layers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: Thin layers of phytoplankton are important hotspots of ecological activity that are found in the coastal ocean, meters beneath the surface, and contain cell concentrations up to two orders of magnitude above ambient concentrations. Current interpretations of their formation favor abiotic processes, yet many phytoplankton species found in these layers are motile. We demonstrated that layers formed when the vertical migration of phytoplankton was disrupted by hydrodynamic shear. This mechanism, which we call gyrotactic trapping, can be responsible for the thin layers of phytoplankton commonly observed in the ocean. These results reveal that the coupling between active microorganism motility and ambient fluid motion can shape the macroscopic features of the marine ecological landscape.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durham, William M -- Kessler, John O -- Stocker, Roman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1067-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1167334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Shape ; Chlamydomonas/cytology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Flagella ; Gravitation ; Movement ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*physiology ; *Water ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Online education today (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Online education is established, growing, and here to stay. It is creating new opportunities for students and also for faculty, regulators of education, and the educational institutions themselves. Much of what is being learned by the practitioners will flow into the large numbers of blended courses that will be developed and delivered on most campuses. Some of what is being learned will certainly improve pedagogical approaches and possibly affect other important problems, such as the lengthening time to completion of a degree. Online education is already providing better access to education for many, and many more will benefit from this increased access in the coming years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayadas, A Frank -- Bourne, John -- Bacsich, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1168874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10111, USA. mayadas@sloan.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer-Assisted Instruction/economics ; *Education, Distance/economics ; Faculty ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Internet ; Online Systems ; State Government ; Students ; Training Support ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Ecology. Seeing the big picture on microbe distribution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patterson, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1506-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1179690.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Encyclopedia of Life, Biodiversity Informatics, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. dpatterson@eol.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Bacteria/classification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Seawater/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Basin-scale coherence in phenology of shrimps and phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Climate change could lead to mismatches between the reproductive cycles of marine organisms and their planktonic food. We tested this hypothesis by comparing shrimp (Pandalus borealis) egg hatching times and satellite-derived phytoplankton bloom dynamics throughout the North Atlantic. At large spatial and long temporal (10 years or longer) scales, hatching was correlated with the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom. Annual egg development and hatching times were determined locally by bottom water temperature. We conclude that different populations of P. borealis have adapted to local temperatures and bloom timing, matching egg hatching to food availability under average conditions. This strategy is vulnerable to interannual oceanographic variability and long-term climatic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koeller, P -- Fuentes-Yaco, C -- Platt, T -- Sathyendranath, S -- Richards, A -- Ouellet, P -- Orr, D -- Skuladottir, U -- Wieland, K -- Savard, L -- Aschan, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):791-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1170987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2 Nova Scotia, Canada. koellerp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Ovum/growth & development/physiology ; Pandalidae/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Oxygen-18 of O2 records the impact of abrupt climate change on the terrestrial biosphere (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: Photosynthesis and respiration occur widely on Earth's surface, and the 18O/16O ratio of the oxygen produced and consumed varies with climatic conditions. As a consequence, the history of climate is reflected in the deviation of the 18O/16O of air (delta18Oatm) from seawater delta18O (known as the Dole effect). We report variations in delta18Oatm over the past 60,000 years related to Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, two modes of abrupt climate change observed during the last ice age. Correlations with cave records support the hypothesis that the Dole effect is primarily governed by the strength of the Asian and North African monsoons and confirm that widespread changes in low-latitude terrestrial rainfall accompanied abrupt climate change. The rapid delta18Oatm changes can also be used to synchronize ice records by providing global time markers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Severinghaus, Jeffrey P -- Beaudette, Ross -- Headly, Melissa A -- Taylor, Kendrick -- Brook, Edward J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1431-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1169473.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0244, USA. jseveringhaus@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; Seawater/chemistry ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Biodiversity hotspots, representing regions with high species endemism and conservation threat, have been mapped globally. Yet, biodiversity distribution data from within hotspots are too sparse for effective conservation in the face of rapid environmental change. Using frogs as indicators, ecological niche models under paleoclimates, and simultaneous Bayesian analyses of multispecies molecular data, we compare alternative hypotheses of assemblage-scale response to late Quaternary climate change. This reveals a hotspot within the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. We show that the southern Atlantic forest was climatically unstable relative to the central region, which served as a large climatic refugium for neotropical species in the late Pleistocene. This sets new priorities for conservation in Brazil and establishes a validated approach to biodiversity prediction in other understudied, species-rich regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carnaval, Ana Carolina -- Hickerson, Michael J -- Haddad, Celio F B -- Rodrigues, Miguel T -- Moritz, Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):785-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA. carnaval@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/classification/*genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Time ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Diplomacy. U.S. takes steps to use science to improve ties to Muslim world (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):920-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Islam ; Middle East ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Hemagglutinin receptor binding avidity drives influenza A virus antigenic drift (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: Rapid antigenic evolution in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin precludes effective vaccination with existing vaccines. To understand this phenomenon, we passaged virus in mice immunized with influenza vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies selected mutants with single-amino acid hemagglutinin substitutions that increased virus binding to cell surface glycan receptors. Passaging these high-avidity binding mutants in naive mice, but not immune mice, selected for additional hemagglutinin substitutions that decreased cellular receptor binding avidity. Analyzing a panel of monoclonal antibody hemagglutinin escape mutants revealed a positive correlation between receptor binding avidity and escape from polyclonal antibodies. We propose that in response to variation in neutralizing antibody pressure between individuals, influenza A virus evolves by adjusting receptor binding avidity via amino acid substitutions throughout the hemagglutinin globular domain, many of which simultaneously alter antigenicity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hensley, Scott E -- Das, Suman R -- Bailey, Adam L -- Schmidt, Loren M -- Hickman, Heather D -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Viswanathan, Karthik -- Raman, Rahul -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Bennink, Jack R -- Yewdell, Jonathan W -- GM 57073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI001014-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):734-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1178258.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigenic Variation/genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics/*immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; Mutation ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Serial Passage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific publishing. Paper retracted following genome data breach (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1486-7. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1486a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Databases, Genetic ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Publishing/*standards ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Substance-Related Disorders/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Out with the old, in with the new? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, Roger -- G0300723/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1617. doi: 10.1126/science.1177267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/ethics ; Embryo Research/*economics/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Unleashing an army to repair alien-ravaged ecosystems (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):562-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_562.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Insects ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; South Africa ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Certificates should be retired (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermos, John A -- Spiro, Avron 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1288-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5919.1288c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Confidentiality/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disclosure/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Subjects/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    U.S. higher education. Minority retention rates in science are sore spot for most universities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1386-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; California ; Humans ; Maryland ; Mentors ; Minority Groups/*education ; Program Evaluation ; Science/*education ; *Students ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    Newsmaker interview. Nancy Pelosi: foursquare for science. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelosi, Nancy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):24. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; Mathematics ; *Science/economics/education ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical research. Researchers generally happy with final stem cell rules (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):131. doi: 10.1126/science.325_131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Registries ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    2010 U.S. budget. Congress takes care of science in quiet finish to a busy year (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1608. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Science ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Profile: Ruth Ley. Gut reactions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Diet ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Ecology/history ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Metagenome ; *Microbiology/history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Function of mitochondrial Stat3 in cellular respiration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: Cytokines such as interleukin-6 induce tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of Stat3 that results in activation of Stat3-responsive genes. We provide evidence that Stat3 is present in the mitochondria of cultured cells and primary tissues, including the liver and heart. In Stat3(-/-) cells, the activities of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly decreased. We identified Stat3 mutants that selectively restored the protein's function as a transcription factor or its functions within the ETC. In mice that do not express Stat3 in the heart, there were also selective defects in the activities of complexes I and II of the ETC. These data indicate that Stat3 is required for optimal function of the ETC, which may allow it to orchestrate responses to cellular homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2758306/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2758306/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wegrzyn, Joanna -- Potla, Ramesh -- Chwae, Yong-Joon -- Sepuri, Naresh B V -- Zhang, Qifang -- Koeck, Thomas -- Derecka, Marta -- Szczepanek, Karol -- Szelag, Magdalena -- Gornicka, Agnieszka -- Moh, Akira -- Moghaddas, Shadi -- Chen, Qun -- Bobbili, Santha -- Cichy, Joanna -- Dulak, Jozef -- Baker, Darren P -- Wolfman, Alan -- Stuehr, Dennis -- Hassan, Medhat O -- Fu, Xin-Yuan -- Avadhani, Narayan -- Drake, Jennifer I -- Fawcett, Paul -- Lesnefsky, Edward J -- Larner, Andrew C -- CA098924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01AG15885/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059710/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059710-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059710-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098924-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098924-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098924-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):793-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164551. Epub 2009 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Respiration ; Cells, Cultured ; Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex II/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Phosphorylation ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Science and the stiumulus. NSF boosts success rates, but at what price? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1181-2. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Physiology. What determines coral health? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weis, Virginia M -- Allemand, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1153-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1172540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. weisv@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics/*physiology ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/chemistry ; Stress, Physiological ; *Symbiosis
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    The 2010 census. America's Uncounted Millions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1008-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Censuses ; Politics ; Statistics as Topic ; United States
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    Science and the stiumulus. Shovel-ready science drives DOE decisions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1177-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/*economics ; Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; Laboratories ; *Research ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Compared with more explicit racial slurs and statements, biased facial expressions and body language may resist conscious identification and thus produce a hidden social influence. In four studies, we show that race biases can be subtly transmitted via televised nonverbal behavior. Characters on 11 popular television shows exhibited more negative nonverbal behavior toward black than toward status-matched white characters. Critically, exposure to prowhite (versus problack) nonverbal bias increased viewers' bias even though patterns of nonverbal behavior could not be consciously reported. These findings suggest that hidden patterns of televised nonverbal behavior influence bias among viewers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisbuch, Max -- Pauker, Kristin -- Ambady, Nalini -- F32 MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA. max.weisbuch@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science and the stimulus. Science and the stimulus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1176.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/*economics ; Biomedical Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Serengeti birds maintain forests by inhibiting seed predators (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: Of fundamental interest in conservation ecology are the regulatory mechanisms that maintain communities. We document a mechanism that maintains forests in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, and the destabilization when disturbance opens forest canopy. Forest birds, by consuming seeds, protected them from beetle attack. Consumption increased the germination rate and the density of seedlings and recruits, which was sufficient to maintain the forest. Opening of the canopy resulted in loss of birds, increased beetle attack, and loss of germination. Thus, frugivorous birds are necessary for the maintenance of forests. Their absence could have resulted in the observed forest decline since 1966.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharam, Gregory J -- Sinclair, A R E -- Turkington, Roy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):51. doi: 10.1126/science.1173805.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Beetles ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Germination ; Population Dynamics ; *Seeds/growth & development ; Tanzania ; *Trees/growth & development
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Increase grants, too (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellano, Michael J -- Mueller, Kevin E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1498. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Crop and Soil Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. mjc471@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate/*economics ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; Science/*education ; *Training Support ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The antidote to bias in research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):522-3. doi: 10.1126/science.326_522b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Conflict of Interest ; Disclosure ; Editorial Policies ; *Information Dissemination ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research/*standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Pulsatile stimulation determines timing and specificity of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. NF-kappaB activation results in oscillations in nuclear NF-kappaB abundance. To define the function of these oscillations, we treated cells with repeated short pulses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at various intervals to mimic pulsatile inflammatory signals. At all pulse intervals that were analyzed, we observed synchronous cycles of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Lower frequency stimulations gave repeated full-amplitude translocations, whereas higher frequency pulses gave reduced translocation, indicating a failure to reset. Deterministic and stochastic mathematical models predicted how negative feedback loops regulate both the resetting of the system and cellular heterogeneity. Altering the stimulation intervals gave different patterns of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, which supports the idea that oscillation frequency has a functional role.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashall, Louise -- Horton, Caroline A -- Nelson, David E -- Paszek, Pawel -- Harper, Claire V -- Sillitoe, Kate -- Ryan, Sheila -- Spiller, David G -- Unitt, John F -- Broomhead, David S -- Kell, Douglas B -- Rand, David A -- See, Violaine -- White, Michael R H -- BB/C007158/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C008219/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C520471/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/D010748/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E004210/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E012965/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F005938/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0071581/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0082191/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC5204711/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBD0107481/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBF0059381/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346(73596)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):242-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Imaging, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; Transcription Factor RelA/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. science education. Revisions to AP courses expected to have domino effect (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1488-9. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*education ; *Curriculum ; *Educational Measurement ; Science/*education ; United States
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    DNA binding site sequence directs glucocorticoid receptor structure and activity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Genes are not simply turned on or off, but instead their expression is fine-tuned to meet the needs of a cell. How genes are modulated so precisely is not well understood. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates target genes by associating with specific DNA binding sites, the sequences of which differ between genes. Traditionally, these binding sites have been viewed only as docking sites. Using structural, biochemical, and cell-based assays, we show that GR binding sequences, differing by as little as a single base pair, differentially affect GR conformation and regulatory activity. We therefore propose that DNA is a sequence-specific allosteric ligand of GR that tailors the activity of the receptor toward specific target genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meijsing, Sebastiaan H -- Pufall, Miles A -- So, Alex Y -- Bates, Darren L -- Chen, Lin -- Yamamoto, Keith R -- GM08537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535-31/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):407-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1164265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elser, James J -- Andersen, Tom -- Baron, Jill S -- Bergstrom, Ann-Kristin -- Jansson, Mats -- Kyle, Marcia -- Nydick, Koren R -- Steger, Laura -- Hessen, Dag O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):835-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1176199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. j.elser@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Colorado ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Norway ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology ; Sweden ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical research. A first step in relaxing restrictions on stem cell research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1412-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5920.1412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Coral reefs. Calcification rates drop in Australian reefs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):27. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; Australia ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature
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    Bone assemblages track animal community structure over 40 years in an African savanna ecosystem (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: Reconstructing ancient communities depends on how accurately fossil assemblages retain information about living populations. We report a high level of fidelity between modern bone assemblages and living populations based on a 40-year study of the Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya. Relative abundance of 15 herbivorous species recorded in the bone assemblage accurately tracks the living populations through major changes in community composition and habitat over intervals as short as 5 years. The aggregated bone sample provides an accurate record of community structure time-averaged over four decades. These results lay the groundwork for integrating paleobiological and contemporary ecological studies across evolutionary and ecological time scales. Bone surveys also provide a useful method of assessing population changes and community structure for modern vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Western, David -- Behrensmeyer, Anna K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1061-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1171155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉African Conservation Center, Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya. dwestern@africaonline.co.ke〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; *Bone and Bones ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Kenya ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; *Vertebrates
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    The time to demand funding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, Craig C -- Walsh, John V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):208. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5911.208a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
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    Regulatory policy. U.S. panel urges clearer, cleaner role for science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):799. doi: 10.1126/science.325_799b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Government Regulation ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Reversal of RNA dominance by displacement of protein sequestered on triplet repeat RNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: Genomic expansions of simple tandem repeats can give rise to toxic RNAs that contain expanded repeats. In myotonic dystrophy, the expression of expanded CUG repeats (CUGexp) causes abnormal regulation of alternative splicing and neuromuscular dysfunction. We used a transgenic mouse model to show that derangements of myotonic dystrophy are reversed by a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide, CAG25, that binds to CUGexp RNA and blocks its interaction with muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), a CUGexp-binding protein. CAG25 disperses nuclear foci of CUGexp RNA and reduces the overall burden of this toxic RNA. As MBNL1 is released from sequestration, the defect of alternative splicing regulation is corrected, thereby restoring ion channel function. These findings suggest an alternative use of antisense methods, to inhibit deleterious interactions of proteins with pathogenic RNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheeler, Thurman M -- Sobczak, Krzysztof -- Lueck, John D -- Osborne, Robert J -- Lin, Xiaoyan -- Dirksen, Robert T -- Thornton, Charles A -- AR/NS48143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS064293/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K24 AR048143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NIDCR-T32DE07202/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR049077/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1173110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/*metabolism ; Actins/genetics ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Phenology feedbacks on climate change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penuelas, Josep -- Rutishauser, This -- Filella, Iolanda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):887-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1173004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Global Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF-CEAB-CSIC), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. josep.penuelas@uab.cat〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/metabolism ; *Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/*growth & development/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; *Seasons ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical policy. Draft stem cell guidelines please many, disappoint some (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):446. doi: 10.1126/science.324_446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Melding mammals and molecules to track evolution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1332. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1332.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Newsmaker interview. John Holdren brings more than energy to his role as science adviser. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holdren, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):324-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.324.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Conflict of Interest ; Disclosure ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Nuclear Weapons ; Research ; *Science/education ; Security Measures ; Space Flight ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    GOP must embrace science again (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):461. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5913.461b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science education. Universities begin to rethink first-year biology courses (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):527. doi: 10.1126/science.325_527a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*education ; *Curriculum ; Faculty ; Teaching ; United States ; *Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Reducing the risks of the wildlife trade (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Katherine F -- Behrens, Michael -- Schloegel, Lisa M -- Marano, Nina -- Burgiel, Stas -- Daszak, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1174460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Providence, RI 02912, USA. katherine_smith@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Carrier State/veterinary ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Communicable Diseases/transmission/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Zoonoses
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    Science in the White House (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holdren, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):567. doi: 10.1126/science.1174783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; *Science ; *Technology ; United States
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    AAAS annual meeting. Will many endangered species recover? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):998-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.998b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Opinion polls. An inside/outside view of U.S. science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):132-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Data Collection ; Greenhouse Effect ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; Religion and Science ; *Science ; United States
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    Macrovertebrate paleontology and the Pliocene habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-08
    Description: A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predominantly woodland. The Ar. ramidus enamel isotope values indicate a minimal C4 vegetation component in its diet (plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway), which is consistent with predominantly forest/woodland feeding. Although the Early Pliocene Afar included a range of environments, and the local environment at Aramis and its vicinity ranged from forests to wooded grasslands, the integration of available physical and biological evidence establishes Ar. ramidus as a denizen of the closed habitats along this continuum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Tim D -- Ambrose, Stanley H -- Suwa, Gen -- Su, Denise F -- DeGusta, David -- Bernor, Raymond L -- Boisserie, Jean-Renaud -- Brunet, Michel -- Delson, Eric -- Frost, Stephen -- Garcia, Nuria -- Giaourtsakis, Ioannis X -- Haile-Selassie, Yohannes -- Howell, F Clark -- Lehmann, Thomas -- Likius, Andossa -- Pehlevan, Cesur -- Saegusa, Haruo -- Semprebon, Gina -- Teaford, Mark -- Vrba, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):87-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Research Center and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Cercopithecidae/anatomy & histology ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleodontology ; Plants ; Population Density ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Trees
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    The transition. Can an ecologist push NOAA up the food chain? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):321. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5912.321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Climate ; Ecology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oceans and Seas ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Space science. Can a shotgun wedding help NASA and ESA explore the red planet? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1666-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Europe ; Exobiology ; *International Cooperation ; *Mars ; *Space Flight/economics ; Spacecraft ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Eutrophication: time to adjust expectations (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacoby, Charles A -- Frazer, Thomas K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):723-4; author reply 724-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324_723b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA. cajacoby@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; *Nitrogen/analysis ; *Phosphorus/analysis
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    Education. The nation's report card: a vision of large-scale science assessment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Alice C -- Raizen, Senta A -- Shavelson, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1637-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. alicefu@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Achievement ; Adolescent ; Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; Child ; Earth Sciences/*education ; *Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines/*education ; United States
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    Space science. NASA, ESA choose king of planets for flagship missions in 2020 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1154. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Europe ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Jupiter ; *Space Flight/economics ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Mitochondria continuously undergo two opposing processes, fission and fusion. The disruption of this dynamic equilibrium may herald cell injury or death and may contribute to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric oxide functions as a signaling molecule, but in excess it mediates neuronal injury, in part via mitochondrial fission or fragmentation. However, the underlying mechanism for nitric oxide-induced pathological fission remains unclear. We found that nitric oxide produced in response to beta-amyloid protein, thought to be a key mediator of Alzheimer's disease, triggered mitochondrial fission, synaptic loss, and neuronal damage, in part via S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (forming SNO-Drp1). Preventing nitrosylation of Drp1 by cysteine mutation abrogated these neurotoxic events. SNO-Drp1 is increased in brains of human Alzheimer's disease patients and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823371/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823371/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Dong-Hyung -- Nakamura, Tomohiro -- Fang, Jianguo -- Cieplak, Piotr -- Godzik, Adam -- Gu, Zezong -- Lipton, Stuart A -- P01 ES016738/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-010003/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-02/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES016738-020003/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD029587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD029587-16/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD29587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS057096/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS057096-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY005477-25/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY05477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):102-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Cysteine/analogs & derivatives/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mitochondria/drug effects/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Neurons/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; S-Nitrosothiols/pharmacology
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    Regulation of neuronal survival factor MEF2D by chaperone-mediated autophagy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Chaperone-mediated autophagy controls the degradation of selective cytosolic proteins and may protect neurons against degeneration. In a neuronal cell line, we found that chaperone-mediated autophagy regulated the activity of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a transcription factor required for neuronal survival. MEF2D was observed to continuously shuttle to the cytoplasm, interact with the chaperone Hsc70, and undergo degradation. Inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy caused accumulation of inactive MEF2D in the cytoplasm. MEF2D levels were increased in the brains of alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and patients with Parkinson's disease. Wild-type alpha-synuclein and a Parkinson's disease-associated mutant disrupted the MEF2D-Hsc70 binding and led to neuronal death. Thus, chaperone-mediated autophagy modulates the neuronal survival machinery, and dysregulation of this pathway is associated with Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Qian -- She, Hua -- Gearing, Marla -- Colla, Emanuela -- Lee, Michael -- Shacka, John J -- Mao, Zixu -- AG023695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS038065/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS048254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS47466/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS57098/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS055077-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG025688/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG025688-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):124-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Autophagy ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; MADS Domain Proteins/*metabolism ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology. No place too cold (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laybourn-Parry, Johanna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1521-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1173645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Jo.Laybourn-Parry@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; *Water Microbiology
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    Global analysis of Cdk1 substrate phosphorylation sites provides insights into evolution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: To explore the mechanisms and evolution of cell-cycle control, we analyzed the position and conservation of large numbers of phosphorylation sites for the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We combined specific chemical inhibition of Cdk1 with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify the positions of 547 phosphorylation sites on 308 Cdk1 substrates in vivo. Comparisons of these substrates with orthologs throughout the ascomycete lineage revealed that the position of most phosphorylation sites is not conserved in evolution; instead, clusters of sites shift position in rapidly evolving disordered regions. We propose that the regulation of protein function by phosphorylation often depends on simple nonspecific mechanisms that disrupt or enhance protein-protein interactions. The gain or loss of phosphorylation sites in rapidly evolving regions could facilitate the evolution of kinase-signaling circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813701/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813701/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Liam J -- Tuch, Brian B -- Villen, Judit -- Johnson, Alexander D -- Gygi, Steven P -- Morgan, David O -- GM037049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM50684/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG3456/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069901-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003456/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003456-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1682-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Ascomycota/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Physiological Processes ; Computational Biology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity
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    An optimistic read on digital libraries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fellows, Jack -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1168-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1168b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Educational Technology ; Financial Support ; *Libraries, Digital/economics/organization & administration/standards ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
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    Where are the parasites? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutz, Susan J -- Dobson, Andy P -- Hoberg, Eric P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1187-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1187-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Parasites/growth & development/*physiology ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Population Dynamics
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    National Science Foundation. The money to meet the president's priorities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1128a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Fellowships and Scholarships/economics ; *Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Oliver L -- Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Lewis, Simon L -- Fisher, Joshua B -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Peacock, Julie -- Quesada, Carlos A -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Almeida, Samuel -- Amaral, Ieda -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Aymard, Gerardo -- Baker, Tim R -- Banki, Olaf -- Blanc, Lilian -- Bonal, Damien -- Brando, Paulo -- Chave, Jerome -- de Oliveira, Atila Cristina Alves -- Cardozo, Nallaret Davila -- Czimczik, Claudia I -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Freitas, Maria Aparecida -- Gloor, Emanuel -- Higuchi, Niro -- Jimenez, Eliana -- Lloyd, Gareth -- Meir, Patrick -- Mendoza, Casimiro -- Morel, Alexandra -- Neill, David A -- Nepstad, Daniel -- Patino, Sandra -- Penuela, Maria Cristina -- Prieto, Adriana -- Ramirez, Fredy -- Schwarz, Michael -- Silva, Javier -- Silveira, Marcos -- Thomas, Anne Sota -- Steege, Hans Ter -- Stropp, Juliana -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Zelazowski, Przemyslaw -- Alvarez Davila, Esteban -- Andelman, Sandy -- Andrade, Ana -- Chao, Kuo-Jung -- Erwin, Terry -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Honorio C, Euridice -- Keeling, Helen -- Killeen, Tim J -- Laurance, William F -- Pena Cruz, Antonio -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Rudas, Agustin -- Salamao, Rafael -- Silva, Natalino -- Terborgh, John -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; South America ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Microbiology. Fantastic fixers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulweiler, Robinson W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):377-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1181129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. rwf@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development/*metabolism ; Cold Temperature ; Deltaproteobacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Methane/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogen Isotopes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Seawater/microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Symbiosis
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    Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies Letm1 as a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: Mitochondria are integral components of cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling. Calcium stimulates mitochondrial adenosine 5'-triphosphate production, but can also initiate apoptosis. In turn, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations are regulated by mitochondria. Although several transporter and ion-channel mechanisms have been measured in mitochondria, the molecules that govern Ca2+ movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane are unknown. We searched for genes that regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ and H+ concentrations using a genome-wide Drosophila RNA interference (RNAi) screen. The mammalian homolog of one Drosophila gene identified in the screen, Letm1, was found to specifically mediate coupled Ca2+/H+ exchange. RNAi knockdown, overexpression, and liposome reconstitution of the purified Letm1 protein demonstrate that Letm1 is a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067766/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067766/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Dawei -- Zhao, Linlin -- Clapham, David E -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):144-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1175145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building 1309, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiporters/*genetics/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; Genome, Human ; Genome, Insect ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteolipids/metabolism ; *RNA Interference
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    U.S. science policy. NSF is keeping it simple (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):319. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. science policy. Obama courts a smitten audience at the national academy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):576-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_576a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; *Science ; United States
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    Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Bacteria-mediated acquisition of atmospheric N2 serves as a critical source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of specialized fungal crops by leaf-cutter ants. By using acetylene reduction and stable isotope experiments, we demonstrated that N2 fixation occurred in the fungus gardens of eight leaf-cutter ant species and, further, that this fixed nitrogen was incorporated into ant biomass. Symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria were consistently isolated from the fungus gardens of 80 leaf-cutter ant colonies collected in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Panama. The discovery of N2 fixation within the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis reveals a previously unrecognized nitrogen source in neotropical ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A -- Anderson, Mark A -- Suen, Garret -- Stevenson, David M -- Chu, Fiona S T -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Weimer, Paul J -- Currie, Cameron R -- GM 18938/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1120-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1173036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene/metabolism ; Animals ; Ants/metabolism/microbiology/*physiology ; Argentina ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/growth & development/*physiology ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Panama ; Pantoea/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Symbiosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A SMART plan for new investigators (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lahiri, Debomoy K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):935-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.935-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Faculty ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Mentors ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic/standards ; *Training Support ; United States
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    Ecology. Biodiversity and climate change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Kathy J -- Bhagwat, Shonil A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):806-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. kathy.willis@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Butterflies ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nursing China's ailing forests back to health (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):556-8. doi: 10.1126/science.325_556.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/economics/methods ; Government Regulation ; Public Policy ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Medicine. A history lesson for stem cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, James M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):727-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1174935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. wilsonjm@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Therapy ; *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation ; Genetic Therapy ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science careers. Support for tenure-track jobs in biomedical sciences (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benderly, Beryl Lieff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):27. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.27a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Career Mobility ; *Faculty ; *Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Personnel Selection ; *Research Personnel ; United States
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    Science innovation. Assessing the impact of science funding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, Julia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1273-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1175335.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science of Science and Innovation Policy, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. jlane@nsf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diffusion of Innovation ; *Economics ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Science ; United States
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    U.S. budget. Agencies sweat the details of spending billions more on science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):696-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5915.696.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Medicine. Racing forward: the Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704487/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704487/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin -- Mudaliar, Ashwin -- K01 HG002883-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K01 HL72465/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):342. doi: 10.1126/science.1165768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1703, USA. sandra.lee@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genomics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    United States acting to conserve tuna stocks (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balton, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1340-1. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1340b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tuna ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cell biology. Overcoming opposition, Brazil banks on stem cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leite, Marcelo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):26. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; Bioreactors ; Brazil ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Research Support as Topic
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    Elevated CO2 reduces losses of plant diversity caused by nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The interactive effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition on plant diversity are not well understood. This is of concern because both factors are important components of global environmental change and because each might suppress diversity, with their combined effects possibly additive or synergistic. In a long-term open-air experiment, grassland assemblages planted with 16 species were grown under all combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and ambient and elevated N. Over 10 years, elevated N reduced species richness by 16% at ambient CO2 but by just 8% at elevated CO2. This resulted from multiple effects of CO2 and N on plant traits and soil resources that altered competitive interactions among species. Elevated CO2 thus ameliorated the negative effects of N enrichment on species richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1178820.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. preich@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemone/growth & development/metabolism ; Asclepias/genetics/metabolism ; Asteraceae/growth & development/metabolism ; *Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Light ; Minnesota ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Water/analysis
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    The vital role of ORWH (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hultgren, Scott -- Goldstein, Jill M -- Delancey, John O L -- Bandstra, Emmalee S -- Brady, Kathleen T -- Brown, Jeanette S -- Deng, Hong-Wen -- Dunaif, Andrea -- Ehrmann, David A -- Mayer, Emeran A -- Sinha, Rajita -- Tobet, Stuart -- Levine, Jon E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1009-10. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.1009c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Occupations ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Women's Health
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    The hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous sigma-1 receptor regulator (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-14
    Description: The sigma-1 receptor is widely distributed in the central nervous system and periphery. Originally mischaracterized as an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor binds a vast number of synthetic compounds but does not bind opioid peptides; it is currently considered an orphan receptor. The sigma-1 receptor pharmacophore includes an alkylamine core, also found in the endogenous compound N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). DMT acts as a hallucinogen, but its receptor target has been unclear. DMT bound to sigma-1 receptors and inhibited voltage-gated sodium ion (Na+) channels in both native cardiac myocytes and heterologous cells that express sigma-1 receptors. DMT induced hypermobility in wild-type mice but not in sigma-1 receptor knockout mice. These biochemical, physiological, and behavioral experiments indicate that DMT is an endogenous agonist for the sigma-1 receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947205/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947205/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fontanilla, Dominique -- Johannessen, Molly -- Hajipour, Abdol R -- Cozzi, Nicholas V -- Jackson, Meyer B -- Ruoho, Arnold E -- F31 DA022932/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS30016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065503/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065503-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08688/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):934-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Guinea Pigs ; Hallucinogens/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium/metabolism ; N,N-Dimethyltryptamine/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, sigma/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Tryptamines/metabolism
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    Public trust doctrine: in need of integration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portman, Michelle E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):45; author reply 45-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326_45a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mportman@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Rebuilding global fisheries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Hilborn, Ray -- Baum, Julia K -- Branch, Trevor A -- Collie, Jeremy S -- Costello, Christopher -- Fogarty, Michael J -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Hutchings, Jeffrey A -- Jennings, Simon -- Jensen, Olaf P -- Lotze, Heike K -- Mace, Pamela M -- McClanahan, Tim R -- Minto, Coilin -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Parma, Ana M -- Ricard, Daniel -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Watson, Reg -- Zeller, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):578-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1173146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/anatomy & histology ; Internationality ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
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    NSF rethinks its digital library (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):54-8. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Child ; Educational Technology ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; *Internet ; *Libraries, Digital/organization & administration/standards/trends ; Mathematics ; Science/*education ; Software ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials ; Technology/education ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: The LKB1 tumor suppressor is a protein kinase that controls the activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). LKB1 activity is regulated by the pseudokinase STRADalpha and the scaffolding protein MO25alpha through an unknown, phosphorylation-independent, mechanism. We describe the structure of the core heterotrimeric LKB1-STRADalpha-MO25alpha complex, revealing an unusual allosteric mechanism of LKB1 activation. STRADalpha adopts a closed conformation typical of active protein kinases and binds LKB1 as a pseudosubstrate. STRADalpha and MO25alpha promote the active conformation of LKB1, which is stabilized by MO25alpha interacting with the LKB1 activation loop. This previously undescribed mechanism of kinase activation may be relevant to understanding the evolution of other pseudokinases. The structure also reveals how mutations found in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in various sporadic cancers impair LKB1 function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeqiraj, Elton -- Filippi, Beatrice Maria -- Deak, Maria -- Alessi, Dario R -- van Aalten, Daan M F -- 087590/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- C33794/A10969/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0900138/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127070193/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1707-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1178377. Epub 2009 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/*chemistry/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Breakdown revisited. Trying to stay afloat (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1604-5. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Asia ; *Economics ; Europe ; Financial Management ; Financing, Government ; Research/*economics ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    The aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator alters CD30-mediated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: Expression and signaling of CD30, a tumor necrosis factor receptor family member, is up-regulated in numerous lymphoid-derived neoplasias, most notably anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma. To gain insight into the mechanism of CD30 signaling, we used an affinity purification strategy that led to the identification of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) as a CD30-interacting protein that modulated the activity of the RelB subunit of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). ALCL cells that were deficient in ARNT exhibited defects in RelB recruitment to NF-kappaB-responsive promoters, whereas RelA recruitment to the same sites was potentiated, resulting in the augmented expression of these NF-kappaB-responsive genes. These findings indicate that ARNT functions in concert with RelB in a CD30-induced negative feedback mechanism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2682336/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2682336/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Casey W -- Duckett, Colin S -- R01 GM067827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067827-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):251-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1162818.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD30/*metabolism ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NF-kappa B/genetics/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelB/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    The cAMP sensor Epac2 is a direct target of antidiabetic sulfonylurea drugs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Epac2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small guanosine triphosphatase Rap1, is activated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and binding experiments revealed that sulfonylureas, widely used antidiabetic drugs, interact directly with Epac2. Sulfonylureas activated Rap1 specifically through Epac2. Sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced both in vitro and in vivo in mice lacking Epac2, and the glucose-lowering effect of the sulfonylurea tolbutamide was decreased in these mice. Epac2 thus contributes to the effect of sulfonylureas to promote insulin secretion. Because Epac2 is also required for the action of incretins, gut hormones crucial for potentiating insulin secretion, it may be a promising target for antidiabetic drug development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Chang-Liang -- Katoh, Megumi -- Shibasaki, Tadao -- Minami, Kohtaro -- Sunaga, Yasuhiro -- Takahashi, Harumi -- Yokoi, Norihide -- Iwasaki, Masahiro -- Miki, Takashi -- Seino, Susumu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):607-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1172256.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Glyburide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/metabolism/pharmacology ; rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Extinction-reconsolidation boundaries: key to persistent attenuation of fear memories (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Dysregulation of the fear system is at the core of many psychiatric disorders. Much progress has been made in uncovering the neural basis of fear learning through studies in which associative emotional memories are formed by pairing an initially neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS; e.g., a tone) to an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a shock). Despite recent advances, the question of how to persistently weaken aversive CS-US associations, or dampen traumatic memories in pathological cases, remains a major dilemma. Two paradigms (blockade of reconsolidation and extinction) have been used in the laboratory to reduce acquired fear. Unfortunately, their clinical efficacy is limited: Reconsolidation blockade typically requires potentially toxic drugs, and extinction is not permanent. Here, we describe a behavioral design in which a fear memory in rats is destabilized and reinterpreted as safe by presenting an isolated retrieval trial before an extinction session. This procedure permanently attenuates the fear memory without the use of drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monfils, Marie-H -- Cowansage, Kiriana K -- Klann, Eric -- LeDoux, Joseph E -- F31 MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH083472-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K05 MH067048/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS034007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS047384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH058911/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046516/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH038774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):951-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167975. Epub 2009 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. monfils@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; *Fear ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: Necrosis can be induced by stimulating death receptors with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other agonists; however, the underlying mechanism differentiating necrosis from apoptosis is largely unknown. We identified the protein kinase receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) as a molecular switch between TNF-induced apoptosis and necrosis in NIH 3T3 cells and found that RIP3 was required for necrosis in other cells. RIP3 did not affect RIP1-mediated apoptosis but was required for RIP1-mediated necrosis and the enhancement of necrosis by the caspase inhibitor zVAD. By activating key enzymes of metabolic pathways, RIP3 regulates TNF-induced reactive oxygen species production, which partially accounts for RIP3's ability to promote necrosis. Our data suggest that modulation of energy metabolism in response to death stimuli has an important role in the choice between apoptosis and necrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Duan-Wu -- Shao, Jing -- Lin, Juan -- Zhang, Na -- Lu, Bao-Ju -- Lin, Sheng-Cai -- Dong, Meng-Qiu -- Han, Jiahuai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):332-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172308. Epub 2009 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Energy Metabolism ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism ; Glycogen Phosphorylase/metabolism ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; *Necrosis ; RNA Interference ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Putting chemicals on a path to better risk assessment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):694-5. doi: 10.1126/science.325_694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemical Industry ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests/economics/*methods/standards ; Toxicology/*methods ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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