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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
  • 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
  • 2010-2014  (128)
  • 1985-1989
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  • 1
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    Hyaloclastite fragmentation below the glass transition: An example from El Barronal submarine volcanic complex (Spain) (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-14
    Beschreibung: Submarine felsic volcanoes are dominated by hyaloclastic piles hundreds of meters thick, the origin of which, in terms of how and when they form, is far from being completely understood. Here we present a study of the thermal remanent magnetization of the Miocene high-K dacitic El Barronal hyaloclastites (Cabo de Gata, Spain), showing that their formation is dominated by in situ fragmentation with small or negligible transportation and/or rotation of different clasts after their formation. Data indicate that fragmentation progressed down to 210–390 °C, well below the glass-transition temperature estimated at 560–750 ºC depending on the water content of the high-K dacite. Hence, hyaloclastite fragmentation in thick lavas may occur over most of the cooling history, as a result of the progressive access of sea water toward the lava interior by development of a complex network of contraction fractures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 87-90
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): hyaloclastite ; volcanic fragmentation ; thermal magnetization ; Cabo de Gata ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Unusual nighttime impulsive foF2 enhancements at low latitudes: Phenomenology and possible explanations (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This paper is focused on unusual nighttime impulsive electron density enhancements that are rarely observed at low latitudes on a wide region of South America, under quiet and medium/high geomagnetic conditions. The phenomenon under investigation is very peculiar because besides being of brief duration, it is characterized by a pronounced compression of the ionosphere. The phenomenon was studied and analyzed using both the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and the virtual height of the base of the F region (h'F) values recorded at five ionospheric stations widely distributed in space, namely: Jicamarca (-12.0°, -76.8°, magnetic latitude -2.0°), Peru; Sao Luis (-2.6°, -44.2°, magnetic latitude +6.2°), Cachoeira Paulista (-22.4°, -44.6°, magnetic latitude -13.4°), and Sao Jose´ dos Campos (-23.2°, -45.9°, magnetic latitude -14.1°), Brazil; Tucumán (-26.9°, -65.4°, magnetic latitude -16.8°), Argentina. In a more restricted region over Tucumán, the phenomenon was also investigated by the total electron content (TEC) maps computed by using measurements from 12 GPS receivers. A detailed analysis of isoheight ionosonde plots suggests that traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) caused by gravity wave (GW) propagation could play a significant role in causing the phenomenon both for quiet and for medium/high geomagnetic activity; in the latter case however a recharging of the fountain effect, due to electric fields penetrating from the magnetosphere, joins the TID propagation and plays an as much significant role in causing impulsive electron density enhancements.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 369-384
    Beschreibung: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Equatorial ionosphere ; Electron density enhancement ; Traveling ionospheric disturbance ; Fountain effect ; TEC ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Ash plume properties retrieved from infrared images: a forward and inverse modeling approach (2014)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present a coupled fluid-dynamic and electromagnetic model for volcanic ash plumes. In a forward approach, the model is able to simulate the plume dynamics from prescribed input flow conditions and generate the corresponding synthetic thermal infrared (TIR) image, allowing a comparison with field-based observations. An inversion procedure is then developed to retrieve ash plume properties from TIR images. The adopted fluid-dynamic model is based on a one-dimensional, stationary description of a self-similar (top-hat) turbulent plume, for which an asymptotic analytical solution is obtained. The electromagnetic emission/absorption model is based on the Schwarzschild's equation and on Mie's theory for disperse particles, assuming that particles are coarser than the radiation wavelength and neglecting scattering. In the inversion procedure, model parameters space is sampled to find the optimal set of input conditions which minimizes the difference between the experimental and the synthetic image. Two complementary methods are discussed: the first is based on a fully two-dimensional fit of the TIR image, while the second only inverts axial data. Due to the top-hat assumption (which overestimates density and temperature at the plume margins), the one-dimensional fit results to be more accurate. However, it cannot be used to estimate the average plume opening angle. Therefore, the entrainment coefficient can only be derived from the two-dimensional fit. Application of the inversion procedure to an ash plume at Santiaguito volcano (Guatemala) has allowed us to retrieve the main plume input parameters, namely the initial radius $b_0$, velocity $U_0$, temperature $T_0$, gas mass ratio $n_0$, entrainment coefficient $k$ and their related uncertainty. Moreover, coupling with the electromagnetic model, we have been able to obtain a reliable estimate of the equivalent Sauter diameter $d_s$ of the total particle size distribution. The presented method is general and, in principle, can be applied to the spatial distribution of particle concentration and temperature obtained by any fluid-dynamic model, either integral or multidimensional, stationary or time-dependent, single or multiphase. The method discussed here is fast and robust, thus indicating potential for applications to real-time estimation of ash mass flux and particle size distribution, which is crucial for model-based forecasts of the volcanic ash dispersal process.
    Beschreibung: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; MeMoVolc ESF Network Research Programme;
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 129–147
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanic ash plume ; Infrared imaging ; One-dimensional model ; Thermal camera ; Inverse model ; Grain size ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Crystallization and eruption ages of Breccia Museo (Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy) plutonic clasts and their relation to the Campanian ignimbrite (2014)
    Springer Verlag Germany
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Campi Flegrei volcanic district (Naples region, Italy) is a 12-km-wide, restless caldera system that has erupted at least six voluminous ignimbrites during the late Pleistocene, including the [300 km3 Campanian ignimbrite (CI) which originated from the largest known volcanic event of the Mediterranean region. The Breccia Museo (BM), a petrologically heterogeneous and stratigraphically complex volcanic deposit extending over 200 km2 in close proximity to Campi Flegrei, has long remained contentious regarding its age and stratigraphic relation to the CI. Here, we present crystallization and eruption ages for BM plutonic ejecta clasts that were determined via uranium decay series and (U–Th)/He dating of zircon, respectively. Despite mineralogical and textural heterogeneity of these syenitic clasts, their U–Th zircon rim crystallization ages are indistinguishable with an average age of 49.7 ± 2.5 ka (2r errors; mean square of weighted deviates MSWD = 1.2; n = 34). A subset of these crystals was used to obtain disequilibrium-corrected (U–Th)/He zircon ages which average 41.7 ± 1.8 ka (probability of fit P = 0.54; n = 15). This age closely overlaps with published CI 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages (40.6 ± 0.1 ka) after recalibration to recently revised flux monitor ages. Concordant eruption ages for BM and CI agree with previous chemostratigraphic and paleomagnetic correlations, suggesting their origin from the same eruption. However, they are at variance with recalibrated 40Ar/39Ar ages which have BM postdate CI by 3 ± 1 ka. BM syenites show similar geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopical features of pre-caldera rocks erupted between 58 and 46 ka, but are distinctive from subsequent calderaforming magmas. Energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization modeling of Nd–Sr isotopic data suggests that pre-caldera magmas formed a carapace of BM-type intrusions in a mid-crust magma chamber (C8 km depth) shielding the younger CI magma from contamination by Hercynian basement wall rocks. An *41–50 ka hiatus in crystallization ages implies rapid solidification of these pre-CI intrusions. This argues against protracted pre-eruptive storage of a large volume of CI magma at shallow crustal levels.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 953
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Pleistocene ; Zircon ; Geochronology ; Tephra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Unraveling the solidification path of a pahoehoe "cicirara" lava from Mount Etna volcano (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The solidified surface of a lava flow reflects the viscosity of its molten fraction and the crystal content during flow; crystal-poor basaltic lavas produce pahoehoe fields, whereas crystal-rich ones solidify with aa carapaces. At Mount Etna, volcano aa morphologies are very common, whereas pahoehoe lavas are rare. The latter are locally named “cicirara” due to the presence of centimeter-sized plagioclase phenocrysts much more abundant than in aa lavas. The phenocryst content of “cicirara” lavas contrasts with the low viscosity generally associated with pahoehoe morphology. Therefore, to reconcile the discrepancy between textural and volcanic observations, we have studied the most primitive pahoehoe “cicirara” lava sampled until now. Two samples at 0.5 and 1 m from the bottom of the 2- m thick lava flow were investigated on the basis of their mineral compositional variations and textural features, i.e., size frequency and crystal size distribution (CSD). Results coupled with rheological models indicate that only large phenocrysts of plagioclase (〉1 mm) and clinopyroxene have grown before eruption. Thermobarometric models and petrological computations based on the composition of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocryst cores highlight that only a small amount (10–15 vol.%) of crystals equilibrated at 12 km of depth. Cumulative size frequency and CSD data also indicate that plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocryst rims grew heterogeneously and coalesced around their cores at depths 〈1 km, before eruption. In this view, the “cicirara” lava was erupted with a low crystalline content that favoured the formation of its pahoehoe surface; however, crystals with a size 〈1 mm (~75 vol.%) solidified at post-eruptive conditions. Our findings underline that the emplacement of high-viscosity aa or low-viscosity pahoehoe lavas is driven by the degree of undercooling imposed by the volatile exsolution rate in the shallowest portion of the Etnean plumbing system. A slow magma ascent rate promotes significant intratelluric degassing and widespread nucleation; consequently, the viscosity of the suspension significantly increases leading to an aa morphology. In contrast, pahoehoe “cicirara” lavas are associated with a rapid rise to the surface of poorly degassed, undercooled magmas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 703
    Beschreibung: 2R. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): cicirara lava flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Facies architecture, emplacement mechanisms and eruption style of the submarine andesite El Barronal complex, Cabo de Gata, SE Spain (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: El Barronal complex consists of a succession of andesite lavas and andesite volcaniclastic facies interbeddedwith carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Carbonate and siliciclastic rocks were deposited in a shallow- marine environment during periods of volcanic quiescence. Lavas consist of an inner coherent core grading out- ward into hyaloclastite brecciamade of dense clasts that in turn grade into hyaloclastite brecciamade of vesicular clasts, in massive to layered zones. Volcaniclastic facies contain clasts produced during explosive eruptions and reworked clasts from sources above wave base. Volcaniclastic facies were deposited from cold granular flows with different grain size populations. Stratigraphy and facies architecture at El Barronal suggest that a succession of several discrete eruptive events occurred with a similar cyclic pattern made of an initial explosive phase followed by effusive emplacement of lavas, in turn followed by a period of quiescence of volcanic activity. Hyaloclastic fragmentation of magma took place in the final stages of lava emplacement, allowing only for local disorganization of the jigsaw-fit texture.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 210-222
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Facies model; Hyaloclastite; Vesicular carapace; Explosive subaqueous volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    A first look at the Gargano (southern Italy) seismicity as seen by the local scale OTRIONS seismic network (2014)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-17
    Beschreibung: OnApril 2013,alocal scale seismic network,namedOTRIONS, composed of twelve short period (1 Hz) three component seismometers, has been located in the northern part of the Apulia (Southern Italy). At each station, the acquisition systemallows the recording of data in situ and their real time transfer toa seismic laboratory located at the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali of Università di Bari "Aldo Moro". The preliminary real time detection and localization of the events is automatically realized by using the SeisComp3 software. In the first two months of data acquisition, the network recorded about one hundred low magnitude (ML〈2) earthquakes. In that follows,wepresent the results of a study aimed at investigating the crustal structure of the Gargano promontory. To this aimweanalyzed the seismic events recorded in the area by the “Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia” (INGV) in the period 2006-2012 and the seismic events recorded by the OTRIONS network in the first two months of acquisition (march and april 2013). From the inversion of P and S travel times of INGV events we inferred a preliminary 3-layer Vp velocity model. The Moho is located at a depth of 27-30 km, in agreement with previous studies. A linearized inversion scheme that uses Velest (Kissling et al., 1994), allowed us to infer a 1D velocity model from the joint inversion of INGV and OTRIONS datasets of P and S travel times. On the whole, the number of earthquakes recorded by the OTRIONS seismic network is higher than 1200 in the period april,2013-march,2014.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Istanbul
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto
    Beschreibung: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Beschreibung: 6IT. Sale operative
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): velocity ; model ; gargano ; puglia ; OTRIONS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Poster session
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  • 8
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    A first look at the Gargano (southern Italy) seismicity as seen by the local scale OTRIONS seismic network (2014)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-17
    Beschreibung: On April 2013, a local scale seismic network, named OTRIONS, composed of twelve short period (1 Hz) three component seismometers, has been located in the northern part of the Apulia (southern Italy). In the first two months of data acquisition, the network recorded about one hundred very small (ML〈2) magnitude earthquakes. A three-layer 1D VP velocity model was preliminarily computed, using the recordings of earthquakes occurred in the area in the period 2006-2012 and recorded by the national seismic network of INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). This model was calibrated by means of a multi-scale approach, based on a global search of the minimum misfit between observed and theoretical travel times. At each step of the inversion, a grid-search technique was implemented to infer the elastic properties of the layers, by using HYPO71 to compute the forward models. In a further step, we used P and S travel times of both INGV and OTRIONS events to infer a minimum 1D VP velocity model, using a classical linearized inversion approach. Owing to the relatively small number of data and poor coverage of the area, in the inversion procedure, the VP/VS ratio was fixed to 1.82, as inferred from a modified Wadati diagram. The final 1D velocity model was obtained by averaging the inversion results arising from nine different initial velocity models. The inferred VP velocity model shows a gradual increase of P wave velocity with increasing the depth. The model is well constrained by data until to a depth of about 25-30 km.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: S0437
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 6T. Sismicità indotta e caratterizzazione sismica dei sistemi naturali
    Beschreibung: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Beschreibung: 2IT. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici
    Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Beschreibung: 6IT. Sale operative
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): velocity ; model ; gargano ; puglia ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Intersection of exogenous, endogenous and anthropogenic factors in the Holocene landscape: A study of the Naples coastline during the last 6000 years (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-14
    Beschreibung: New data on the ancient landscape of Naples (southern Italy) during the middle and late Holocene from geo-archaeological excavations associated with public transport works were used to reconstruct the hill and coastal environment to the west of the ancient Graeco-Roman polis, where remains of human settlements date to the late Neolithic. The rich stratigraphic and archaeological records that emerged from the digs and from previous boreholes were measured and analysed by combining sedimentary facies analysis, tephrostratigraphy and archaeological data. Between the 5th and 4th millennia BP, a rocky profile with a wave-cut platform cutting across pyroclastites emplaced from the surrounding volcanoes was predominant in the coastal landscape. During the 3rd millennium BP, this rocky coast was progressively replaced by a sandy littoral environment primarily due to marine deposition, with a coastline located some hundred meters inland with respect to the modern one. The sedimentary record of the Greek and Roman periods indicates short-term fluctuations of the coastline, leading to the establishment of a backshore environment towards the end of the 6th century AD, when prograding river mouths and lobes of debris flows contributed to the advancing trend of the shoreline. The frequent archaeological remains from these periods indicate a stable settled area since Roman times. The shoreline was still subject to short-lived fluctuations between the 12th and 16th centuries, and attained its present position during the modern era with man-made reshaping of its profile. The construction of Relative Sea Level curves for two coastal sites reveals that the persistence of the foreshore environment in the Naples coastal strip during the 5th and 4th millennia BP was controlled by the counterbalancing effect of either the concurrent eustatic sea level rise or subsidence. On the other hand, the morpho-stratigraphic record for the last two millennia shows a significant correlation between sedimentation rate and settlement history, accounting for the dominant role of the anthropogenic forcing-factor in late Holocene landscape history. In particular, land mismanagement during Late Antiquity seems to have triggered a slope disequilibrium phase, exacerbating soil erosion and increasing the sediment accumulation rate in both foothill and coastal areas. Nonetheless, the environmental changes of the Chiaia coast during the last 2000 years clearly show volcanicetectonic perturbations influencing coastline development up to the modern era.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 107-119
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): study ; Naples coastline ; the last 6000 years ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Il Somma Vesuvio: storia eruttiva e impatto delle sue eruzioni sul territorio (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Il Somma-Vesuvio insieme a Campi Flegrei, Procida e Ischia è uno dei quattro vulcani presenti nell’area napoletana (Fig. 1). Fin dall’ultima eruzione, avvenuta nel marzo 1944, il vulcano è quiescente e caratterizzato solo da moderate emissioni fumaroliche e sismicità, prevalentemente concentrate in area craterica. La storia passata del vulcano suggerisce che la quiescenza può culminare in un eruzione esplosiva che, potenzialmente, può interessare aree molto vaste. Solo nelle immediate vicinanze del vulcano, cioè entro un raggio di 10 km, risiedono circa 600.000 persone, potenzialmente esposte agli effetti significativi di fenomeni vulcanici, quali scorrimento di colate piroclastiche, accumulo di grossi spessori di depositi da caduta e scorrimento di lahars. Questa breve nota ha lo scopo di illustrare, per grandi linee, la storia eruttiva del Somma-Vesuvio, la sua evoluzione morfologica e strutturale e l’impatto delle sue eruzioni sul territorio.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 14-21
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Somma-Vesuvio ; Impatto sul territorio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Enhanced crystal fabric analysis of a lava flow sample by neutron texture diffraction: A case study from the Castello d’Ischia dome (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The crystal fabric of a lava has been analyzed for the first time by neutron texture diffraction. In this study we quantitatively investigate the crystallographic preferred orientation of feldspars in the Castello d’Ischia (Ischia Island, Italy) trachytic exogenous dome. The crystallographic preferred orientation was measured with the monochromatic neutron texture diffractometer SV7 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany and a Rietveld refinement was applied to the sum diffraction pattern. The complementary thin section analysis showed that the three-dimensional crystal shape and the corresponding shape preferred orientation are in agreement with the quantitative orientation distributions of the neutron texture data. The (0k0) crystallographic planes of the feldspars are roughly parallel to the local flow bands, whereas the other corresponding pole figures show that a pivotal rotation of the anorthoclase and sanidine crystals was active during the emplacement of this lava dome. In combination with scanning electron microscopy investigations, electron probe microanalysis, XRF, and X-ray diffraction, the Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data indicates a slow cooling dynamic on the order of several months during their crystallization under subaerial conditions. Results attained here demonstrate that neutron texture diffraction is a powerful tool that can be applied to lava flows.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 179-196
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): neutron diffraction ; crystal fabric ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 12
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    Human colonization and volcanic activity in the eastern Campania Plain (Italy) between the Eneolithic and Late Roman periods (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Archaeological and volcanological studies conducted in the Naples area have revealed that numerous high-intensity explosive eruptions that occurred in the past 10 ka caused damage and victims in the human communities living in the plain surrounding the Neapolitan volcanoes. These catastrophic events were interspersed by hundred to thousand year long periods of quiescence, usually exceeding a human life-time. During the Early Bronze Age in particular, the Campania Plain was densely inhabited due to favourable climatic conditions and soil fertility. The archaeological and volcanological investigation of the sequences found in archaeological excavations has permitted the detailed reconstruction of the effects of eruptions and deposition mechanisms of their products on settlements. This paper discusses the example of Nola- Palma Campania during a most interesting, though poorly known, period of activity bracketed by the Vesuvian Pomici di Avellino (Early Bronze Age) and Pollena (AD 472) Plinian eruptions. Through this timespan the Plainwas variably inhabited, crossed by long-lived roads and subject to agricultural exploitation. Eruptions caused significant breaks in the occupation of the area, but also maintained the plain’s extraordinary fertility. During this period, at least eight other eruptions occurred: the Pomici di Pompei Plinian event (AD 79), two sub-Plinian to phreato-Plinian events, and five violent Strombolian to Vulcanian events. Thin and poorly developed to thicker and mature palaeosols or erosional unconformities separate the various pyroclastic deposits. Almost all the eruptions and related phenomena interacted with human settlements in the Campania Plain, and in their sequences many traces of the displacement of people during the eruptions may be seen, as well as land reclamation and re-utilization soon afterwards. Despite the various kinds of hazard posed by volcanic and related phenomena, humans nevertheless found good reasons for settlement in the Campania Plain and flourished there. A multidisciplinary approach has yielded detailed information regarding the evolution of the area and the effects of eruptions on settlements. These data are of paramount importance for an improved understanding of past events and in evaluating the hazard of eruptions and related phenomena.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 132-141
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): stratigrafy ; volcanology ; archaeology ; volcanic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 13
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    The impact of the Pomici di Avellino Plinian eruption of Vesuvius on Early and Middle Bronze Age human settlement in Campania (Southern Italy) (2013)
    Landesamt fur Denkmalpflege und Archaologie Sachsen-Anhalt - Landesmuseum fur Vorgeschichte
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Summary The systematic revision and re-examination of the archaeological data, available for the Palma Campania facies sites (Early Bronze Age) – in the Campania region (southern Italy), allowed an estimation of the territorial impact of the Vesuvius Pomici di Avellino eruption (2oth–19th century B. C.). Before the eruption the Campania region was densely inhabited, as testified by the discovery of numerous villages and cultivated fields, evidence of a considerable level of socio-economic organization. The Pomici di Avellino eruption had a very strong impact on a large area, striking both the Campanian Plain and the surrounding Apennine Mountains. Volcanological and archaeological studies have shed light upon the local effects of this eruption, and allow us to reconstruct the variable phases of reoccupation of the ravaged territories. A careful reappraisal of the reports regarding the Early and Middle Bronze Age sites, evidenced a protracted period of depopulation of the area affected by the by-products of the eruption. This phenomenon interested both the areas mantled only by fallout deposits and those covered by pyroclastic density currents deposits. A complete reoccupation of the area only occurred at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, about five centuries after the eruption. The local effects of the deposition of eruption products and the timing and dynamics of resettlement have been studied in detail for several selected sites, at which the impact of the eruption differed markedly, in corrispondence to their distance from the volcano (Nola- Croce del Papa; Afragola-Badagnano; Pratola Serra-Pioppi; Ariano Irpino-La Starza; Pompeii-St. Abbondio).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 253-265
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Stratigraphy ; Archaeology ; Volcanic hazard ; Volcanic Hazard ; Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 14
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    A Multidisciplinary Study of the DPRK Nuclear Tests (2013)
    Springer Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: The Democratic People Republic of Korea announced two underground nuclear tests carried out in their territory respectively on October 9th, 2006 and May 25th, 2009. The scarce information on the precise location and the size of those explosions has stimulated various kinds of studies,mostly based on seismological observations, by several national agencies concerned with theNuclear Test Ban Treaty verification.Weanalysed the available seismological data collected through a global high-quality network for the two tests. After picking up the arrival times at the various stations, a standard location program has been applied to the observed data. If we use all the available data for each single event, due to the different magnitude and different number of available stations, the locations appear quite different. On the contrary, if we use only the common stations, they happen to be only few km apart from each other and within their respective error ellipses. A more accurate relative location has been carried out by the application of algorithms such as double difference joint hypocenter determination (DDJHD) and waveform alignment. The epicentral distance between the two events obtained by these methods is 2 km, with the 2006 event shifted to the ESE with respect to that of 2009. We then used a dataset of VHR TerraSAR-X satellite images to detect possible surface effects of the underground tests. This is the first ever case where these highly performing SAR data have been used to such aim. We applied InSAR processing technique to fully exploit the capabilities of SAR data to measure very short displacements over large areas. Two interferograms have been computed, one co-event and one post-event, to remove possible residual topographic signals. A clear displacement pattern has been highlighted over a mountainous area within the investigated region, measuring a maximum displacement of about 45 mm overall the relief. Hypothesizing that the 2009 nuclear test had been carried out close to the area where the displacement has been observed through the DInSAR technique, its relation with the epicenter location obtained through seismological processing has been discussed as a possible alternative hypothesis with respect to the preferred solutions reported by the nuclear explosion database (NEDB). The distance of about 10 km between the two places can be considered acceptable in light of the possible systematic location shifts commonly observed in the seismological practice over a global scale. The difference between the mb magnitudes of the two tests could reflect differences in geological conditions of the two test sites, even if the yield of the two explosions had been the same.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 341-359
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): underground nuclear test ; Double Difference Joint Hypocenter Determination DDJHD ; waveform alignment ; SAR data ; InSAR technique ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 15
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    TRAVEL-TIME SOURCE SPECIFIC STATION CORRECTION IMPROVES LOCATION ACCURACY (2013)
    CTBTO
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Accurate earthquake locations are crucial for investigating seismogenic processes, as well as for applications like verifying compliance to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Earthquake location accuracy is related to the degree of knowledge about the 3-D structure of seismic wave velocity in the Earth. It is well known that modeling errors of calculated travel times may have the effect of shifting the computed epicenters far from the real locations by a distance even larger than the size of the statistical error ellipses, regardless of the accuracy in picking seismic phase arrivals. We have developed a method of seismic location to minimize this systematic shifts affecting hypocentral locations. These method is based on the fact that such shifts are quite similar for events for which the hypocenters are close to each other with respect to their distance from the recording stations. So this method is based on a set of Ground Truth events recorded by a dense local seismic network in seismically active regions. The applications concern seismic sequences recorded in Italy and Iran. We show that mislocations of the order of 10-20 km affecting the epicenters, as well as larger mislocations in hypocentral depths, calculated from a global seismic network can be effectively removed by applying source-specific station corrections applied to the standard IASPEI91 travel times. This method is valid only for the area where calibration events are located but it is valid for any subset of the station network used for the calibration.
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Beschreibung: Hofburg Palace Vienna, Austria
    Beschreibung: 5.7. Consulenze in favore di istituzioni nazionali e attività nell'ambito di trattati internazionali
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): travel-time, location, station correction, error ellipse ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Poster session
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  • 16
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    The impact of the Ischia Porto Tephra eruption (Italy) on the Greek colony of Pithekoussai (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: The island of Ischia is an active volcanic field, whose activity dates back to more than 150 ka. From Neolithic times it experienced a complex history of human colonization and volcanic eruptions that destroyed settlements and drove away the population. Recent archaeological and volcanological research has demonstrated that humans have periodically had to face volcanic and related hazardous phenomena since at least the Greek foundation of Pithekoussai (8th century BC). During the 5th century BC a telluric event is reported by the historian Strabo to have caused the abandonment of a Syracusan military outpost on the island. In the volcanological literature the Ischia Porto Tephra eruption has been identified as the most likely culprit. The eruption formed a crater lake in the north-eastern corner of the island and emplaced a poorly dispersed pyroclastic deposit, composed of a sequence of magmatic and phreatomagmatic scoria- and pumice-fallout beds, interlayered with minor pyroclastic density current deposits. Recent excavations furnished clear evidence of the impact of this eruption on a settlement located on S. Pietro Hill, to the east of Ischia’s harbour. The archaeological finds include mounds of building materials, pieces of decorative terracotta panels and a few terracotta antefix fragments. The spatial distribution of the material found, the presence of stacks of tiles and other building materials and the absence of any structural remains, suggest that this was a building site for the construction of a temple. As written sources confirm, although the site and the military garrison were abandoned, the colony survived.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 142-152
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Ischia ; Volcanology ; Archaeology ; Eruption impact ; Resilience ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 17
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    Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale: stato dell'arte e sviluppo delle reti di monitoraggio sismico (2013)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: Il sistema CUMAS (Cabled Underwater Module for Acquisition of Seismological data) è un prodotto tecnologico-scientifico complesso nato con il Progetto V4 [Iannaccone et al., 2008] allo scopo di monitorare l’area vulcanica dei Campi Flegrei (fenomeno del bradisismo). Si tratta di un modulo sottomarino cablato e connesso a una boa galleggiante (meda elastica). Il sistema è in grado di acquisire e trasmettere alla sala di monitoraggio dell’OV, in continuo e in tempo reale, sia i segnali sismologici sia quelli di interesse geofisico ed oceanografico (maree, correnti marine, segnali acustici subacquei, parametri funzionali di varia natura). Il sistema è in grado di ricevere comandi da remoto per variare diversi parametri di acquisizione e di monitorare un cospicuo numero di variabili di funzionamento. Il sistema si avvale del supporto di una boa galleggiante attrezzata. La boa è installata a largo del golfo di Pozzuoli (Napoli) a circa 3 km dalla costa. Il modulo sottomarino, collegato via cavo alla parte fuori acqua della boa, è installato sul fondale marino a una profondità di circa 100 metri.
    Beschreibung: Submitted
    Beschreibung: 82-85
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Beschreibung: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Beschreibung: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Monitoraggio sismico; sistemi sottomarini; boa; meda elastica ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.06. Thermodynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.01. Ion chemistry and composition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.01. Interplanetary physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.04. Structure and dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.05. Solar variability and solar wind ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.01. Active layer ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.02. Cryobiology ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.03. Cryosol ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.04. Periglacial processes ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.05. Seasonally frozen ground ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.06. Thermokarst ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.07. Tundra ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.01. Avalanches ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.02. Cryosphere/atmosphere Interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.03. Geomorphology ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.04. Ice ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.05. Ice dynamics ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.06. Mass balance ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.07. Ocean/ice interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.08. Rock glaciers ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.09. Snow ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.01. Aerosols ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.02. Atmospheric Chemistry ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.03. Climate Indicators ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.04. Ice Core Air Bubbles ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.06. Precipitation ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.07. Teleconnection ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.08. Temperature ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.01. Atmosphere/sea ice/ocean interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.02. Leads ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.03. Polynas ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.04. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.02. Equatorial and regional oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.01. Channel networks ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.04. Upper ocean and mixed layer processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.02. Earth rotation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.01. Dynamo theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.05. Collections ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Unbekannt
    Chlorine isotope composition of volcanic gases and rocks at Mount Etna (Italy) and inferences on the local mantle source (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present the first chlorine isotope compositional data for gases and lavas from Mount Etna (Italy), and to our knowledge, of active Mediterranean volcanism. We investigated lavas erupted and gases discharged during 2008-2011 from a high-temperature fumarole (HT; 〉300°C) and plume gases from both North East and Central Craters. Most of the samples vary in a narrow range of chlorine isotope composition (37Cl values ≈ 0 ± 0.7‰) with gases partially overlapping with rocks. Only HT gases sampled in 2009 have been clearly affected by secondary processes (37Cl values 〉 15.9‰), resulting in partial removal of chlorine and isotopic fractionation producing a 37Cl enrichment in the residual gaseous HCl. These secondary processes also affect, although to a lesser extent, plume gases from North East Crater (NEC). Although post-magmatic processes are able to modify the chlorine isotope composition, 37Cl values are not affected by magma degassing for residual fractions ≥ 0.3 in the melt, or any effect is within our data variability. Finally, 37Cl values and Cl/K ratios of magmatic chlorine constrain the Etnean source to be compatible with depleted mantle (DMM) contaminated by altered oceanic crust (AOC), in agreement with indications from more common isotopic tracers of mantle processes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 134-142
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Mount Etna ; chlorine isotope ; plume ; fumarole ; degassing ; mantle source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 19
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    Magnetic anomalies of steel drums: a review of the literature and research results of the INGV (2013)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The detection and evaluation of the status of disposal sites that contain hazardous waste materials is becoming an increasingly important element in environmental investigations. Close cooperation between the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV; National Institute of Volcanology and Geophysics) in Rome and the Italian environmental police has resulted in numerous underground investigations of different buried materials. Among the geophysical investigation tools, magnetometry is the most effective, rapid and precise of all of the geophysical methods for localizing buried steel drums. Analysis of magnetic map anomalies can provide a variety of information about buried materials, including extension, distribution and depth, with processing of the acquired magnetic data. This information is also very useful in case of excavations that are aimed at the recovery of hazardous waste. This study determines the most relevant analyses reported in the literature, with modeling of magnetometric methods for environmental applications both theoretically and experimentally. Some studies and research results achieved by the INGV in relation to magnetic anomalies produced by buried steel drums are also reported, as found in field operations and as achieved from test sites.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: R0108
    Beschreibung: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: 5.4. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Toxic waste ; Steel-drum detection ; Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 20
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    Unbekannt
    Are the source models of the M7.1 1908 Messina Straits earthquake reliable? Insights from a novel inversion and a sensitivity analysis of levelling data (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: For decades, many authors have attempted to define the location, geometry and kinematics of the causative fault for the 1908 December 28, M 7.1 earthquake that struck the Messina Straits between Sicily and Calabria (southern Italy). The coseismic displacement caused a predominant downwarping of the Straits and small land uplift away from it, which were documented by levelling surveys performed 1 yr before and immediately after the earthquake. Most of the source models based on inversion of levelling data suggested that the earthquake was caused by a low angle, east-dipping blind normal fault, whose upper projection intersects the Earth surface on the Sicilian (west) side of the Messina Straits.An alternative interpretation holds that the causative fault is one of the high-angle, west-dipping faults located in southern Calabria, on the eastern side of the Straits, and may in large part coincide with the mapped Armo Fault. Here, we critically review the levelling data with the aim of defining both their usefulness and limits in modelling the seismogenic fault. We demonstrate that the levelling data alone are not capable of discriminating between the two oppositely dipping fault models, and thus their role as a keystone for modellers is untenable. However, new morphotectonic and geodetic data indicate that the Armo Fault has very recent activity and is accumulating strain. The surface observations, together with appraisal ofmacroseismic intensity distribution, available seismic tomography and marine geophysical evidence, lends credit to the hypothesis that the Armo and possibly the S. Eufemia faults are part of a major crustal structure that slipped during the 1908 earthquake.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1025-1041
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake source ; Messina Straits ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 21
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    Curie isotherm depth from aeromagnetic data constraining shallow heat source depths in the central Aeolian Ridge (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) (2013)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: The Salina, Lipari, and Vulcano volcanic ridge and the surrounding sea sectors (Aeolian Archipelago, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) are characterized by vents responsible for a recent (〈40 ka—1889/1890 AD) effusive and explosive subareal activity and repeated, 56 to 7 ka in age, submarine explosive eruptions from source areas located between Lipari and Vulcano. A spectral depth estimation of the magnetic bottom using a fractal method on aeromagnetic data from Vulcano, Lipari, and Salina volcanic ridge allows us to constrain the Curie isotherm depth. The elevated portion of the isotherm is between 2 and 3 km below Salina and Vulcano and about 1 km below Lipari. The Curie depth results in the context of other geological and geophysical evidence suggest that the rise of the Curie isotherm is mainly due to the occurrence of shallow heat sources such as magma ponds and associated hydrothermal systems. The short-wavelength magnetic anomaly field reflects magnetic contrasts from highly magnetized volcanic bodies, low-magnetization sediments, and hydrothermally altered rocks. Borehole temperature data verify the Curie temperature derived from the magnetic methods on the island of Vulcano.We conclude that the whole Vulcano, Lipari, and Salina volcanic ridge is active and should be monitored.
    Beschreibung: INGV
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: article 710
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 5.4. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic spectral depths ; Curie temperature ; volcanism ; Aeolian Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 22
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    Assetto geologico-strutturale ed evoluzione vulcanologica dell’isola d’Ischia (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: L’isola d’Ischia è la parte emersa di un esteso apparato vulcanico, che si erge per oltre 1.000 m dal fondo del mare, nel settore nord-occidentale del Golfo di Napoli [Bruno et al., 2002]. Unitamente alla caldera dei Campi Flegrei e all’isola di Procida, Ischia costituisce il cosiddetto Distretto Vulcanico Flegreo [Orsi et al., 1996; 2003; Fig. 1]. La genesi e la risalita dei magmi in questo distretto, e più in generale nell’intera area vulcanica campana, sono da mettersi in relazione ai processi tettonici estensionali Plio- Quaternari che hanno determinato la formazione del graben della Piana Campana, lungo il margine tirrenico della catena appenninica [Ippolito et al., 1973; D’Argenio et al., 1973: Finetti e Morelli, 1974; Bartole, 1984; Piochi et al., 2005; Orsi et al., 2003; de Vita e Marotta, 2007]. Nel corso di tali processi, la formazione di faglie dirette ad andamento NW-SE e di faglie di trasferimento da dirette a trascorrenti, ad andamento NESW, ha determinato lo smembramento del graben in una serie di blocchi e la conseguente risalita dei magmi attraverso la crosta [Carrara et al., 1973; 1974; Finetti e Morelli, 1974; Funiciello et al., 1976; Mariani e Prato, 1988; Faccenna et al., 1994].
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 27-32
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): storia geologica ; Isola D'Ischia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 23
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    Testing the IONORT-ISP system: A comparison between synthesized and measured oblique ionograms (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The three-dimensional (3-D) electron density representation of the ionosphere computed by the assimilative IRI-SIRMUP-P (ISP) model was tested using IONORT (IONOspheric Ray-Tracing), a software application for calculating a 3-D ray-tracing for high frequency (HF) waves in the ionospheric medium. A radio link was established between Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) in Italy, and Chania (35.7°N, 24.0°E) in Greece, within the ISP validity area, and for which oblique soundings are conducted. The ionospheric reference stations, from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data and real-time vertical electron density profiles were assimilated by the ISP model, were Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E) in Italy, and Athens (38.0°N, 23.5°E) in Greece. IONORT was used, in conjunction with the ISP and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 3-D electron density grids, to synthesize oblique ionograms. The comparison between synthesized and measured oblique ionograms, both in terms of the ionogram shape and the maximum usable frequency characterizing the radio path, demonstrates both that the ISP model can more accurately represent real conditions in the ionosphere than the IRI, and that the ray-tracing results computed by IONORT are reasonably reliable.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 167–179
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: 5.4. Banche dati di geomagnetismo, aeronomia, clima e ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Electron Density ; Ray-Tracing ; Oblique Ionogram ; IRI ; Assimilative Modelling ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    Trioctahedral micas in xenolithic ejecta from recent volcanism of the Somma-Vesuvius (Italy): crystal chemistry and genetic inferences. (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-04
    Beschreibung: This study reports the first crystal chemical database resulting from a detailed structural investigation of trioctahedral micas found in xenolithic ejecta produced during the AD 1631, 1872 and 1944 eruptions, three explosive episodes of recent volcanic period of Vesuvius volcano (Southern Italy). Three xenolith types were selected: metamorphic/metasomatic skarns, pyrometamorphic/hydrothermally altered nodules and mafic cumulates. They are related to different magma chemistry and effusive styles: from sub-plinian and most evolved (AD 1631 eruption) to violent strombolian with medium evolution degree (AD 1872 eruption) to vulcanian-effusive, least evolved (AD 1944 eruption) event, respectively. Both xenoliths and micas were investigated employing multiple techniques: the xenoliths were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and quantitative energy-dispersive microanalysis; the micas were studied by electron probe microanalysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The mica-bearing xenoliths showvariable texture and mineralogical assemblage, clearly related to their different origin. Based on the major oxide chemistry, only one xenolithic sample falls in the skarn compositional field fromthe Somma-Vesuvius literature, some fall close to the skarns and cumulate fields, others plot close to the syenite/foidolite/essexite field. A subgroup of the selected ejecta does not fall or approach any of the compositional fields. Trace and rare earth element patterns show some petrological affinity between studied xenoliths and erupted magmas with typical Eu, Ta and Nb negative anomalies. Strongly depleted patterns were detected for the 1631 metamorphic/metasomatic skarns xenoliths. Three distinct mica groups were distinguished: 1) Mg-, Al-rich, low Ti-bearing, low to moderate F-bearing varieties (1631 xenolith), 2) Al-moderate, F- and Mg-rich, Ti-, Fe-poor varieties (1872 xenolith), and 3) Al-, Ti- and Fe-rich, F-poor phases (1944 xenolith). All the analyzed mica crystals are 1Mpolytypes with the expected space group C2/m. Micas from xenoliths of the 1631 Vesuvius eruption are phlogopites characterized by a combination of low extent of oxy-type and variable extent OH−→F− substitutions, as testified by the range of F concentration (from ~0.20 to 0.80 apfu). Micas from xenoliths of the 1872 Vesuvius eruption exhibit structural peculiarities typical of fluorophlogopites, i.e. OH−→F− substitution is predominant. Micas from the xenolith of the 1944 Vesuvius eruption display features typical of oxy-substituted micas. The variability of the crystal chemical features of the studied micas is consistentwith the remarkable variation of their host rocks. Micas from1631 nodules are related to metasomatic, skarn-type environment, deriving from the metamorphosed wall-rocks hosting the magma reservoir. The fluorophlogopites from the 1872 xenoliths testify for strongly dehydrated environmental conditions compared to those of the 1631 and 1944 hosts. Finally, magma storage condition at depth, associated to a decreasing aH2O may have promoted major oxy-type substitutions in 1944 biotites.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 84–97
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 5.3. TTC - Banche dati vulcanologiche
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): phlogopite ; Crystal chemistry ; Vesuvius ; petrogenesis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 25
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    Crystal fractionation, magma step ascent, and syn-eruptive mingling: the Averno 2 eruption (Phlegraean Fields, Italy) (2012)
    Springer Verlag Germany
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-25
    Beschreibung: The 3.7 ka year-old Averno 2 eruption is one of the rare eruptions to have occurred in the northwest sector of the Phlegraean Fields caldera (PFc) over the past 5 ka. We focus here on the fallout deposits of the pyroclastic succession emplaced during this eruption. We present major and trace element data on the bulk pumices, along with major and volatile element data on clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions, in order to assess the conditions of storage, ascent, and eruption of the feeding trachytic magma. Crystal fractionation accounts for the evolution from trachyte to alkali-trachyte magmas; these were intimately mingled (at the micrometer scale) during the climactic phase of the eruption. The Averno 2 alkali trachyte represents one of the most evolved magmas erupted within the Phlegraean Fields area and belongs to the series of differentiated trachytic magmas erupted at different locations 5 ka ago. Melt inclusions record significant variations in H2O (from 0.4 to 5 wt%), S (from 0.01 to 0.06 wt%), Cl (from 0.75 up to 1 wt%), and F (from 0.20 to 〉0.50 wt%) during both magma crystallization and degassing. Unlike the eruptions occurring in the central part of the PFc, deep-derived input(s) of gas and/or magma are not required to explain the composition of melt inclusions and the mineralogy of Averno 2 pumices. Compositional data on bulk pumices, glassy matrices, and melt inclusions suggest that the Averno 2 eruption mainly resulted from successive extrusions of independent magma batches probably emplaced at depths of 2–4 km along regional fractures bordering the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1121-1137
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Phlegraean Fields ; Averno 2 ; Melt inclusions ; Volatiles ; Trachyte ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
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    Unbekannt
    Carbonate-derived CO2 purging magma at depth: Influence on the eruptive activity of Somma-Vesuvius, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-30
    Beschreibung: Mafic phenocrysts from selected products of the last 4 ka volcanic activity at Mt. Vesuvius were investigated for their chemical and O-isotope composition, as a proxy for primary magmas feeding the system. 18O/16O ratios of studied Mg-rich olivines suggest that near-primary shoshonitic to tephritic melts experienced a flux of sedimentary carbonate-derived CO2, representing the early process of magma contamination in the roots of the volcanic structure. Bulk carbonate assimilation (physical digestion) mainly occurred in the shallow crust, strongly influencing magma chamber evolution. On a petrological and geochemical basis the effects of bulk sedimentary carbonate digestion on the chemical composition of the near-primary melts are resolved from those of carbonate-released CO2 fluxed into magma. An important outcome of this process lies in the effect of external CO2 in changing the overall volatile solubility of the magma, enhancing the ability of Vesuvius mafic magmas to rapidly rise and explosively erupt at the surface.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 84-95
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): stable-isotope ; magma geochemistry ; CO2-degassing ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    Unbekannt
    Floating stones off El Hierro, Canary Islands: xenoliths of pre-island sedimentary origin in the early products of the October 2011 eruption (2012)
    Unspecified
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: A submarine eruption started off the south coast of El Hierro, Canary Islands, on 10 October 2011 and continues at the time of this writing (February 2012). In the first days of the event, peculiar eruption products were found floating on the sea surface, drifting for long distances from the eruption site. These specimens, which have in the meantime been termed “restingolites” (after the close-by village of La Restinga), appeared as black volcanic “bombs” that exhibit cores of white and porous pumice-like material. Since their brief appearance, the nature and origin of these “floating stones” has been vigorously debated among researchers, with important implications for the interpretation of the hazard potential of the ongoing eruption. The “restingolites” have been proposed to be either (i) juvenile high-silica magma (e.g. rhyolite), (ii) remelted magmatic material (trachyte),(iii) altered volcanic rock, or (iv) reheated hyaloclastites or zeolite from the submarine slopes of El Hierro. Here, we provide evidence that supports yet a different conclusion. We have analysed the textures and compositions of representative “restingolites” and compared the results to previous work on similar rocks found in the Canary Islands. Based on their high-silica content, the lack of igneous trace element signatures, the presence of remnant quartz crystals, jasper fragments and carbonate as well as wollastonite (derived from thermal overprint of carbonate) and their relatively high oxygen isotope values, we conclude that “restingolites” are in fact xenoliths from pre-island sedimentary layers that were picked up and heated by the ascending magma, causing them to partially melt and vesiculate. As they are closely resem- bling pumice in appearance, but are xenolithic in origin, we refer to these rocks as “xeno-pumice”. The El Hierro xeno- pumices hence represent messengers from depth that help us to understand the interaction between ascending magma and crustal lithologies beneath the Canary Islands as well as in similar Atlantic islands that rest on sediment-covered ocean crust (e.g. Cape Verdes, Azores). The occurrence of “restingolites” indicates that crustal recycling is a relevant process in ocean islands, too, but does not herald the arrival of potentially explosive high-silica magma in the active plumbing system beneath El Hierro. results of our textural, mineralogical, elemental and isotopic analysis lead us to conclude that the early floating stones of El Hierro are vesiculated crustal xenoliths that originate from the substantial layer of sub-volcanic pre-island sedimentary rocks (layer 1 of the oceanic crust) that is present underneath the Canary archipelago.
    Beschreibung: The Swedish and the German Science Foundations (VR and DFG), the ERC grant EVOKES and the Center for Natural Disaster Science (CNDS) Sweden
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 97-110
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): El Hierro volcano ; Canary Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
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    Unbekannt
    Secondary hydrothermal minerals in buried rocks at the campi flegrei caldera, Italy: a possible tool to understand the rock-physics and to assess the state of the volcanic system (2012)
    Edizioni Nuova Cultura
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The distribution of the alteration assemblages and the related physico-chemical changes induced in the rocks with depth, may provide useful information on the state of the system. Drillholes are the only way to define hydrothermal alteration depth-profiles in variable geological contexts. Deep drillings exploiting programs were conducted since the 1970’s by the Agip-Enel Joint Venture in the Quaternary Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy), where a geothermal system has been active since at least historical times. New macroscopic and microscopic investigations were performed on selected samples made available by Agip in order to: 1) define the precursor lithology, 2) describe the relationships among texture, mineralogy and depth of the studied core samples and 3) examine the character of the secondary minerals and their distribution with depth and temperature. The new data are integrated with physical properties and elastic parameters of cored rocks, as well as structural information and field data, all available from the physical, seismological, geodetical and volcanological literature. The depth-related multi-parameters profiles provide evidence on the different behavior of the buried rocks beneath the Licola 1, Mofete and San Vito 1 areas, sited in three structurally different sectors of the caldera. The features of the hydrothermally altered rocks are a key to interpret the heterogeneities of the Campi Flegrei substratum, as deduced by velocity, attenuation and scattering P- and S- waves tomography. The time and space distribution of both the eruptive vents and the extruded magma volumes are consistent with the results of our analysis. Therefore, we interpret the observed Campi Flegrei geothermal system as a response to the distribution of volcanic activity in two structurally distinct sectors of the caldera. The central-eastern sector, where the San Vito 1 well was drilled, represents the preferential pathways for both gas escape and magma ascent at least since 8 kyrs, in contrast with the other sites of the caldera where eruptions occurred with minor frequency and magnitude.
    Beschreibung: EU-VIIFP GEISER project (ENERGY.2009.2.4.1)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 385-406
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Campi Flegrei ; elastic proprieties ; geothermal system ; hydrothermal minerals ; volcanism ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 29
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    Unbekannt
    A study on the reproducibility of counting vesicles in volcanic rocks (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Vesicle size distributions in two and three dimensions of two samples were independently measured by three different researchers to investigate whether or not such measurements are reproducible. Additionally, two different software programs were used to measure the three-dimensional vesicle size distributions: the 3D Object Counter plugin for ImageJ and Blob3D. Manual thresholding by each of the authors produced similar results for both samples using both programs; however, use of the automatic, maximum entropy technique for thresholding produced measurably different results because it did not discriminate between vesicles and plagioclase crystals in one case and between vesicles and some cracks in another. Use of asymmetric erosion and dilation processes on the images is shown to affect the vesicle size distribution, but it does not have a significant effect on the power-law exponent that describes intermediate-sized vesicles or on the vesicle number density in these samples. However, such a technique is not recommended.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 70-78
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Volcanic rocks ; vesicle counting ; reproducibility ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 30
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    Dynamics of ash-dominated eruptions at Vesuvius: the post-512 AD AS1a event (2012)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Recent stratigraphic studies at Vesuvius have revealed that, during the past 4,000 years, long lasting, moderate to low-intensity eruptions, associated with continuous or pulsating ash emission, have repeatedly occurred. The present work focuses on the AS1a eruption, the first of a series of ash-dominated explosive episodes which characterized the period between the two Subplinian eruptions of 472 AD and 1631 AD. The deposits of this eruption consist of an alternation of massive and thinly laminated ash layers and minor well sorted lapilli beds, reflecting the pulsatory injection into the atmosphere of variably concentrated ash-plumes alternating with Violent Strombolian stages. Despite its nearly constant chemical composition, the juvenile material shows variable external clast morphologies and groundmass textures, reflecting the fragmentation of a magma body with lateral and/or vertical gradients in both vesicularity and crystal content. Glass compositions and mineralogical assemblages indicate that the eruption was fed by rather homogeneous phonotephritic magma batches rising from a reservoir located at ~ 4 km (100 MPa) depth, with fluctuations between magma delivery and magma discharge. Using crystal size distribution (CSD) analyses of plagioclase and leucite microlites, we estimate that the transit time of the magma in the conduit was on the order of ~ 2 days, corresponding to an ascent rate of around 2 × 10−2 ms−1. Accordingly, assuming a typical conduit diameter for this type of eruption, the minimum duration of the AS1a event is between about 1.5 and 6 years. Magma fragmentation occurred in an inertially driven regime that, in a magma with low viscosity and surface tension, can act also under conditions of slow ascent.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 699-715
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Ash emission activity ; Tephrite ; Vesuvius ; Stratigraphy ; Textural analyses ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 31
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    Spectral analysis of ASTER and HYPERION data for geological classification of Volcano Teide. (2012)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: This work is an evaluation to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands). To account for the enhanced information content these sensors provide, hyperspectral analysis methods, incorporating for example Minimum Noise Fraction-Transformation (MNF) for data quality assessment and noise reduction as well as Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for supervised classification, were applied. Ground Truth reflectance data were obtained with a FieldSpec Pro measurements campaign conducted during later summer of 2007 in the frame of the EC project PREVIEW (http://www.preview-risk.com/).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Honolulu, USA
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Teide, classification, hyperspectral sensors, ASTER, Hyperion, reflectance spectra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 32
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    A CO2-rich magma source beneath the Phlegraean Volcanic District (Southern Italy): (2012)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present a study of olivine-hosted glass/melt inclusions (MIs) in the most primitive rocks erupted at Procida Island, within the Phlegraean Volcanic District (PVD), Southern Italy. MIs were analyzed by combined Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray-detectors, Wavelength Dispersive X-rayequipped Electron Microprobe and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy; notably, the novel Focal- Plane-Array mode provided high-resolution FT-IR images evidencing the distribution of the C–H–O species across samples. Olivines range in composition from Fo85 to Fo90, do not show chemical zoning and are totally anhydrous. The majority of the MIs are glassy, while only few are completely crystallized. Some MIs, however, show the occurrence of crystal nuclei, i.e., nano- to micro-sized pyroxenes and oxides, and appear as lowcrystallized MIs. The glass of crystal-free and low-crystallized MIs shows K-affinity and a compositional range along the basalt, trachy-basalt, shoshonite, tephrite basanite and phono-tephrite array. H2O and CO2 contents up to 2.69 wt.% and 2653 ppm, respectively, define a major degassing trend with small isobaric deviations. The collected data allow recalculating entrapment pressures from ~350 MPa to b50 MPa and suggest that the magma ascent was dominated by degassing. Crystallization was aminor process, likely also consequent to local CO2-fluxing. Mingling occurred between variable degassed and crystallized magma portions during decompression. The geochemical and isotopic data of Procida glasses and rocks, and the compositional relationship between our MIs and those from slightly more evolved and radiogenic Phlegraean products, indicate that Procida basalts are an adequate parental end-member for the PVD. Our data suggest that a CO2- rich magma source was stored at depths of at least 13–14 km (i.e., 350 MPa) beneath the PVD. Fast ascent of magma batches directly started from this depth shortly before PVD trachy-basaltic to shoshonitic eruptions. Such results have implication on volcanic hazard assessment in the PVD area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 66-80
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 5.3. TTC - Banche dati vulcanologiche
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Melt inclusions ; Phlegraean Volcanic District ; CO2-rich magma source ; Degassing ; Fluxing ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 33
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    Imaging the multi‐level magma reservoir at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) (2012)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The continuous GPS network operating on Mt. Etna with its 36 stations is currently one of the largest worldwide. The aim of this network is the evaluation of volcanic hazard and the modelling of the active sources. In this paper, we propose an in‐depth analysis and modelling of continuous GPS data collected at Mt. Etna from May 2008 to December 2010. The analyzed period has been divided into four different coherent phases: 1) 14 May 2008–02 August 2008 (deflation of the entire GPS network); 2) 02 August 2008–14 June 2009 (deflation of the summit area and inflation at lower heights); 3) 14 June 2009–21 May 2010 (inflation of the entire GPS network); 4) 21 May 2010–31 December 2010 (inflation at medium and low heights and end of the inflation in the summit area). Analytical models indicate a non-uniform deformation style revealing spaced sources acting at different time on different segments of a multi-level magma reservoir. The Etnean plumbing system imaged here is depicted as an elongated magma reservoir that extends from the volcano body downwards to about 6.5 km below sea level (b.s.l.), sloping slightly towards the North-West, with storage volumes located at about 6.5, 2.0 and 0.0 km (b.s.l.). The changes in position of the modelled pressure sources during the analyzed time intervals indicate that, throughout the 2008 eruptive period, the deformation field was mostly driven by the upward migration of magma. On the other hand, the pattern of deformation recorded after the end of the eruption strongly suggests a significant contribution of the magma overpressure generated by the gas boiling, thus outlining the importance of volatiles content in magma.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L16306
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): etna magma reservoir ; ground deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 34
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    The 512 AD eruption of Vesuvius: complex dynamics of a small scale subplinian event (2012)
    Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We describe the products of the hitherto poorly known 512 AD eruption at Vesuvius, Italy. The deposit records a complex sequence of eruptive events, and it has been subdivided into eight main units, composed of stratified scoria lapilli or thin subordinate ash-rich layers. All the units formed by deposition from tephra fallout, pyroclastic density currents of limited extent being restricted to the initial stages of the eruption (U2). The main part of the deposit (U3 and U5) is characterized by a striking grain size alternation of fine to coarse lapilli, similar to that often described for mid-intensity, explosive eruptions. The erupted products have a phonotephritic composition, with progressively less evolved composition from the base to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. Based on different dispersal, sedimentological and textural features of the products, we identify five phases related to different eruptive styles: opening phase (U1, U2), subplinian phase (U3 to U5), pulsatory phreatomagmatic phase (U6), violent strombolian phase (U7) and final ash-dominated phase (U8). A DRE volume of 0.025 km3 has been calculated for the total fallout deposit. Most of the magma was erupted during the subplinian phase; lithic dispersal data indicate peak column heights of between 10 and 15 km, which correspond to a mass discharge rate (MDR) of 5×106 kg s1. The lower intensity, violent strombolian phase coincided with the eruption of the least evolved magma; a peak column height of 69 km, corresponding to an MDR of 1×106 kg s1, is estimated from field data. Phreatomagmatic activity played a minor role in the eruption, only contributing to the ash-rich deposits of U1, U4, U6 and U8. The two most striking features of the 512 AD eruption are the recurrent shifting of the eruption style and the pulsatory nature of the subplinian phase. Basing on a large set of observational data, we propose a model to explain this complex dynamics, also observed in other eruptions of similar scale from Vesuvius and elsewhere. The inbalance between the rates of magma supply and magma eruption may have caused the frequent changes in the eruptive style. Conversely, the high frequency oscillations of magma discharge recorded by the deposits of the subplinian phase were possibly related to cyclic instabilities in the permeability of the low viscosity magma column, which modulated magma fragmentation and discharge.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 789-810
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Subplinian ; Vesuvius ; Magma fragmentation ; Phreatomagmatism ; Eruption dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 35
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    In-situ degassing study on crystal-bearing Stromboli basaltic magmas: Implications for Stromboli explosions (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Three-dimensional crystal and bubble sizes and distributions in experimentally produced vesicular crystal-bearing Stromboli basalts and natural scoria were studied with X-ray microtomography (μCT) at high (1.85 μm) and low (5.46–9.0 μm) resolution. The permeabilities from lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations and experimental measurements are about 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than in aphyric Stromboli basalts at porosity 31.6–55.3%. We propose that the higher permeability in crystal-bearing samples results in highly efficient degassing in shallow, highly porphyritc (HP) magma as opposed to the deeper, aphyric (LP) magma. In paroxysmal explosions, the LP magma flows up in a cylindrical conduit due to the density and viscosity difference between the two magmas. This type of convection can cause the LP magma with exsolved gas to be efficiently transferred through the overlying HP magma, potentially resulting in the more-violent paroxysmal explosions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L17309
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental volcanism ; Stromboli ; degassing ; crystal-bearing magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 36
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    A RESPER probe for measurements of RESistivity and PERmittivity (2012)
    Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: The electrical RESistivity and dielectric PERmittivity measuring device (RESPER) for non-invasive investigation of media is an exploiting electrical induction by means of capacitive coupling with media as terrestrial soils and concretes. The device utilizes a four-electrode probe to inject a radio frequency into a medium and register an induced current. Complex transfer impedance can be determined from a ratio between a potential measured across two electrodes, and an induced current flowing in the medium. Electrical parameters of resistivity and permittivity characterizing the medium can be established from the transfer impedance, using inversion formulas that also take into account the geometric ratio and position of the electrodes. The device exploits the in-phase and quadrature under sampling technique which, together with numerical operations performed by a microcontroller, allows the device to attain a required performance. It is possible to execute a number of numerical integrations which, combined with some circuit solutions, can reduce the amplitude and phase errors of the acquired signal. The device can operate at variable frequency, maintaining a suitable under-sampling frequency to fully exploit the analogical-digital acquisition performance both in velocity and dynamic range.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Exploratory geophysics ; Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; Methods of non-destructive testing ; Magnetic and electrical methods ; Mathematical geophysics ; Complex transfer impedance measurements, Error theory ; Data processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book
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  • 37
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    An introduction to the application of X-ray microtomography to the three-dimensional study of igneous rocks (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Imaging rocks in three-dimensions through X-ray microtomography enables routine visualization of structures in samples, which can be spatially resolved down to the sub-micron scale. Although X-ray tomography has been applied in biomedical research and clinical settings for decades, it has only recently been applied to studies of rocks, and few geoscientists realize its value and potential. This contribution provides an introduction to the principles and techniques of X-ray microtomography to the study of igneous rock textures as well as reviewing the current state of the art. We hope that this short review will encourage more geoscientists to apply X-ray microtomography in their research and that this will lead to new insights into the processes that occur in magmatic (as well as other geological) systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 262-276
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): X-ray microtomography ; Rock textures ; Three-dimensional imaging and analysis ; Crystal and vesicle size distributions ; Lattice-Boltzmann simulation ; Permeability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 38
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    Volcanoes: Windows on the Earth (2012)
    New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, A Division of the Department of Cultural Affairs
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): volcanoes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book
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  • 39
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    Comment on “40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic activity” by Fedele et al. [Bull Volcanol; 73:1323–1336] (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The volcanic history of each active volcano is assembled through detailed field work that establishes stratigraphic position of the eruption deposits, radiometric ages and study of historical sources. The volcanic history is important for hazard assessment, thus the scientific community must validate the strength of conclusions. Fedele et al. (2011) propose a new reference chronostratigraphic framework for Holocene Phlegrean activity, and discuss the implications for the Campi Flegrei (CF) volcanic history and related volcanic hazards. In particular, the authors propose to amend the previously established Holocene chronostratigraphy of volcanic activity of Campi Flegrei caldera, presented in Di Vito et al. (1999), Orsi et al. (2004), Isaia et al. (2009). The proposed changes of Fedele et al. (2011) are based on new geochronologic data, a calibration of already existing 14C ages, and a stratigraphic survey (Perrotta et al. 2010). However, the new chronological data are limited and pre-existing stratigraphic studies have not been considered, and this yields an eruption chronology that is inconsistent with the actual stratigraphic framework.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 293-296
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): vents ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 40
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    Texture analysis of volcanic rock samples: Quantitative study of crystals and vesicles shape preferred orientation from X-ray microtomography data (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In the texture analysis of volcanic rocks, the preferred orientation of the constituents can provide useful information for the interpretation of the processes involved in the rock formation. We present here a new data analysis technique, based on X-ray microtomography measurements and on shape preferred orientation analysis, to obtain the orientation distribution functions of the constituents of volcanic rocks. This procedure proved to be very suitable for volcanic samples, where diffraction-based techniques, developed for crystallographic preferred orientation studies, are of limited utilization, in addition to the fact that they cannot provide any information about vesicles or bubbles. Moreover the analysis performed directly in three dimensions (3D) overcomes the problems that usually occur when employing stereological methods for the analysis of the images obtained via microscopy-based techniques. In this study, two scoriae (from Stromboli and Etna) and a tube pumice (from Campi Flegrei) were measured via X-ray microtomography and then the resulting volumes were analyzed following the proposed procedure. Results highlight little preferred orientation for the vesicles in the two scoria samples, whereas the pumice shows a marked preferred orientation. Crystals (also divided by mineral species) were taken into account as well and in the two scoria samples there is no crystal preferred orientation, in contrast with the pumice, where crystal preferred orientation features are very similar to the ones found for the vesicles. Overall we found strong differences in preferred orientation: weak for vesicles in scoriae, showing an axial symmetry with the axis parallel to the elongation axis of the sample, and a stronger and more complex orientation texture in the pumice sample for both crystals and vesicles. The promising results obtained suggest that this procedure is potentially very useful for the analysis of preferred orientation in volcanic rocks and geomaterials in general.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 83-95
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): X-ray computed microtomography ; preferred orientation ; texture analysis ; volcanic scoria ; synchrotron X-rays ; pumice ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 41
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    Microzonazione sismica di un centro abitato di piccole dimensioni: il caso studio di Sant’Agata Fossili (AL) (2012)
    Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria Sismica
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In questo lavoro sono descritte le attività svolte nell’ambito del Progetto Europeo Strategico RISKNAT riguardanti l’analisi di microzonazione di Sant’Agata Fossili (AL). Sono in particolare descritte tutte le indagini ed analisi numeriche condotte al fine di ottenere una microzonazione sismica di livello 3 secondo quanto previsto nelle recenti linee guida nazionali degli. Al fine inoltre di valutare le ricadute di tipo applicativo di una corretta microzonazione sismica del territorio, sono state realizzate delle simulazioni di scenario adottando come riferimento gli spettri di risposta ottenuti dall’analisi di microzonazione. Le valutazioni di scenario ottenute sono state infine confrontate con le previsioni di scenario realizzabili a priori sulla base dell’adozione degli spettri di risposta definiti nelle Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Politecnico di Bari - Campus Universitario
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): microzonazione sismica ; rischio sismico ; scenario di danno ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 42
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    Implementazione di una nuova procedura per caratterizzare la forma di particelle mediante misure al CAMSIZER e algoritmi di clustering (2012)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this work we present the calibration phase of a new procedure for the characterization of the shape of pyroclastic particles. This research has been granted by INGV of Catania, with funds deriving from the “Progetto Giovani”, in collaboration with Retsch Technology in Haan. The innovation of this procedure arises from the use of CAMSIZER (an instrument developed by the German leader company). This instrument permits to obtain very important information both on size and shape parameters of a high number of particles (hundreds of thousands data). Moreover, we used clustering and classification algorithms in order to group particles according to their morphologic characteristics. This calibration phase has been tested only on standard materials with regular geometries such as cubes, spheres and cylinders. In the future we will apply this methodology to volcanic ash particles that, as well-known, are characterized by irregular morphologies.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-19
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): shape analysis, CAMSIZER, instruments, volcanic particles, standards, pyroclastic rocks, ashes, lapilli, clustering, ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
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    Parallel ‘large’ dense matrix problems: application to 3D joint inversion of seismological and gravity data (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: To obtain accurate and reliable estimations of the major lithological properties of the rock within a studied volume, geophysics uses the joint information provided by different geophysical datasets (e.g. gravimetric, magnetic, seismic). Representation of the different types of information entering the problem using probability density functions can provide the mathematical framework to formulate their combination. The maximum likelihood estimator of the resulting joint posterior probability density functions leads to the solution of the problem. However, one key problem appears to limit the use of this solver to an extensive range of real applications: information coming from potential fields that implies the presence of dense matrices in the resolving estimator. It is well known that dense matrix systems rapidly challenge both the algorithms and the computing platforms, and are not suited to high-resolution 3D geophysical analysis. In this study, we propose a procedure that allows us to obtain fast and reliable solutions of the joint posterior probability density functions in the presence of large gravity datasets and using sophisticated model parametrization. As it is particularly CPUconsuming, this 3D problem makes use of parallel computing to improve the performance and the accuracy of the simulations. Analysis of the correctness of the results, and the performance on different parallel environments, shows the portability and the efficiency of the code. This code is applied to a real experiment, where we succeed in recovering a 3D shear-wave velocity and density distribution within the upper mantle of the European continent, satisfying both the seismological and gravity data. On a multiprocessor machine, we have been able to handle forward and inverse calculations with a dense matrix of 215.66 Gb in 18 min, 20 s and 20 min, 54 s, respectively.
    Beschreibung: NERIES INFRAST-2.1-026130, MERG-CT-2007-046522
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 143-156
    Beschreibung: 2.1. TTC - Laboratorio per le reti informatiche, GRID e calcolo avanzato
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Parallel ; Dense matrix ; Block-cyclic distribution ; Inverse problem ; Probability density function ; ScaLAPACK ; Gravity field ; Shear-wave velocity structure ; Density structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
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    Upper mantle structure below the European continent: Constraints from surface-wave tomography and GRACE satellite gravity data (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We here exploit fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love seismic wave information and the high resolution satellite global gravity model GGM02C to obtain a 1° × 1° 3-D image of: (a) upper-mantle isotropic shear-wave speeds; (b) densities; and (c) density-vS coupling below the European plate (20°N–90°N) (40°W–70°E). The 3-D image of the density-vS coupling provides unprecedented detail of information on the compositional and thermal contributions to density structures. The accurate and high-resolution crustal model allows us to compute a reliable residual topography to understand the dynamic implications of our models. The correlation between residual topography and mantle residual gravity anomalies defines three large-scale regions where upper mantle dynamics produce surface expression: the East European Craton; the eastern side of the Arabian Plate; and the Mediterranean Basin. The effects of mantle convection are also clearly visible at: (1) the Eastern Sirt Embayment; (2) the West African Craton northern margins; (3) the volcanically active region of the Canarian Archipelago; (4) the northern edge of the Central European Volcanic Province; and (5) the Northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean, between Greenland and Iceland. Strong connections are observed among areas of weak radial anisotropy and areas where the mantle dynamics show surface expression. Although both thermal and additional dependencies have been incorporated into the density model, convective down-welling in the mantle below the East European Craton is required to explain the strong correlation between the estimated negative mantle residual anomalies and the negative residual topography.
    Beschreibung: DATEC MERG-CT-2007-046522 and NERIES INFRAST-2.1-026130
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B09401
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Europe ; GRACE ; density-velocity scaling relationship ; dynamic topography ; surface waves ; upper mantle density ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 45
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    Early Miocene volcanic activity and paleoenvironment conditions recorded in tephra layers of the AND-2A core (southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica) (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The ANtarctic geological DRILLing program (ANDRILL) successfully recovered 1138.54 m of core from drillhole, AND-2A, in the Ross Sea sediments (Antarctica). The core is composed of terrigenous claystones, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates, breccias, and diamictites with abundant volcanic material. In this work we present sedimentological, morphoscopic, petrographic, and geochemical data on pyroclasts recovered from core AND-2A, which provide insights on eruption styles, volcanic sources, and environments of deposition. One pyroclastic fall deposit, 12 resedimented volcaniclastic deposits and 14 volcanogenic sedimentary deposits record a history of intense explosive volcanic activity in southern Victoria Land during the Early Miocene. Tephra were ejected during Subplinian and Plinian eruptions fed by trachytic to rhyolitic magmas and during Strombolian to Hawaiian eruptions fed by basaltic to mugearitic magmas in submarine/subglacial to subaerial environments. The long-lived Mt. Morning eruptive centre, located c. 80 km south of the drillsite, was recognized as the probable volcanic source for these products on the basis of volcanological, geochemical, and age constraints. The study of tephra in the AND-2A core provides important paleoenvironment information by revealing that the deposition of primary and moderately reworked tephra occurred in a proglacial setting under generally open water marine conditions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1342-1355
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Antarctica ; Volcaniclastic sediments ; Paleoenvironment ; Mt. Morning ; Victoria Land Basin ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 46
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    Degassing behaviour of vesiculated basaltic magmas: an example from Ambrym volcano, Vanuatu Arc (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Ambrym is one of the most actively erupting basaltic volcanoes in the Vanuatu island arc. Scoria clasts collected from a fallout deposit in the inner terrace of its Benbow active crater were analyzed through series of synchrotron X-ray computed microtomographic experiments, as well as permeability measurements and simulations. Our goal was to reconstruct and visualize scoria textures in 3D and to quantify vesicularity, permeability, vesicle sizes and distributions in order to understand how gas moves in and out of Ambrym basaltic magma. We find that vesicle size distributions in the volume range between ~ 103 and 1010 μm3 define two scoria classes. Vesicle size distributions in the low-to-moderately (0.44–0.67) vesicular samples can be fit by power laws with an exponent of 1 ± 0.2; distributions in the highly vesicular (0.86–0.88) samples can be fit by power laws with a higher exponent (1.4 to 1.7), as well as by exponential fits. Highly vesicular samples exhibit a very pronounced large vesicle, consisting of networks of smaller, interconnected vesicles, that is more than three orders of magnitude larger in volume than all other vesicles in each distribution. This type of vesicle is not found in the low-to-moderately vesicular samples. In addition, vesicle number density negatively correlates with vesicularity: less vesicular samples have the highest number density and vice versa, and contain far more numerous small-to-medium-sized vesicles than highly vesicular samples. Measured and calculated viscous (Darcian) permeabilities overlap in the range 10− 13 and 10− 9 m2, with higher values in the more vesicular samples. We ascribe these differences in the textural and physical properties of the scoria clasts to their derivation from distinct magma portions in the conduit that were driven by convective overturn and underwent different vesiculation histories and gas transport dynamics. Comparing basaltic scoria clasts from Ambrym to those from mild explosive activity at Stromboli volcano (Italy) reveals that differences in their vesicle size distributions may result from the influence of different crystal contents and shapes on the vesiculation and permeability of the respective magmas. Finally, we highlight how rheological properties have a fundamental role in determining the degassing behaviour of basaltic magma at Ambrym and other volcanoes in general.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 55-64
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Ambrym ; Basaltic scoria ; 3D X-ray micro-tomography analysis ; Volcanic degassing ; Magma convection ; Crystal effect ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 47
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    Petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of a primitive pumice from Stromboli: implications for the deep feeding system (2012)
    Schweizerbart Science Publishers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We describe the field relations, petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of an exceptional “golden” pumice belonging to a tephra layer exposed on the summit area of Stromboli volcano, Italy. Pumice sample PST-9 comes from a fallout deposit older than a spatter agglutinate sequence emplaced during the twentieth century. The eruption that produced it had a size exceeding that of intermediate paroxysms but was smaller than large-scale, spatter-forming, paroxysms from the sixteenth century and 1930 A.D. Lapilli are strongly vesicular and crystal-poor, similar to other “golden” pumices. Modal proportions include 89 vol% glass, 8 vol% clinopyroxene, 1–2 vol% olivine and 1–2 vol% plagioclase. Plagioclase is represented by reacted crystals coming from the shallow resident magma and incorporated in the pumice during eruption. A total of 74 and 44 crystals of olivine and clinopyroxene, respectively, were examined and 187 and 99 electron microprobe analyses obtained. Fo in olivine ranges between 70 and 92 mol% and Fs in clinopyroxene between 3 and 13 mol%. PST-9 hosts a higher proportion of Fo-rich olivine and Fs-poor clinopyroxene than the other “golden” pumices. Groundmass glasses are basaltic (Mg# = 66–69), as are most rim glasses around olivine and clinopyroxene, and glass inclusions in clinopyroxene. They are more primitive than in the other “golden” pumices. A few rim glasses and glass inclusions are shoshonitic (Mg# = 45–50). Most glass inclusions in olivine have CaO/Al2O3 higher than the other glasses and the whole-rock. PST-9 has the highest bulk MgO, CaO, Mg# and CaO/Al2O3 and the lowest FeOt of all “golden” pumices analysed to date. Analysis of Fe-Mg partitioning between olivine, clinopyroxene and melt allows three crystallization stages to be recognized. The first involves primitive mantle-derived melts (Mg# = 74–80), the second basaltic melts represented by groundmass glasses and the third is associated with more evolved melts represented by the shoshonitic glasses. The population of crystals in “golden” pumices is heterogeneous not only because of crystal incorporation from the shallow resident magma, but also because of pre-eruptive recharge of the deep reservoir with primitive melts. Differences between PST-9 and the other “golden” pumices in terms of groundmass glass composition and distribution of olivine and clinopyroxene compositions reflect contrasted replenishment rates of the deep reservoir with primitive liquids. Gabbroic inclusions in a clinopyroxene crystal provide a direct illustration of melt wall-rock interaction and stress the variability of the deep reservoir in terms of temperature, crystallinity and phase assemblages. Deep crystallization of plagioclase should be considered as a possibility at Stromboli. PST-9 is exceptionally well representative of the early magmatic evolution of “golden” pumices.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 499-517
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; golden pumice ; olivine ; clinopyroxene ; primitive melt ; deep plumbing system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 48
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    Eruptive scenario of ash-dominated events at Vesuvius: the AP3 eruption (2,710±60 years B.P.) (2012)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The deposits of several eruptions dominated by ash emission have been recently described in the stratigraphic record of the last 4000 years of activity of Vesuvius. A peculiarity of this type of eruptions is the persistence of repeated phases dominated by abundant emission of ash and the sporadic occurrence of violent strombolian activity, they are recorded by very thick, massive to laminated, ash layers, interlayered with minor scoria-lapilli beds. These eruptions have a strong impact on the environment and on human and animal health, and their hazard implications assume an important role in the definition of the scenario for a short-term, mid-magnitude, expected event at Vesuvius, in particular when considering their long duration and the large dispersal of the products. These types of events are associated at Vesuvius both with processes of magma-water interaction, or with mechanisms dominated by pure magmatic fragmentation. We discuss here the results of a new morphological and textural study on the juvenile material of the 2700 years old, phreatomagmatic AP3 eruption (Andronico and Cioni 2002). The eruption was produced during discontinuous, explosive events of ash emission (pulsating activity) alternated with minor violent Strombolian activity. Fragments of gas-rich, crystal-poor, magma are ubiquitous, and their presence suggests that the primary fragmentation process was mainly driven by magmatic explosivity. The interaction of external water with magma (phreatomagmatic activity), certainly occurred during the AP3 eruption, acting to increase (but not to trigger) the explosive fragmentation of the magma, due to water vaporization. Textural data on juvenile clasts can be interpreted in terms of episodes of conduit filling, degassing and ash production, and give a time constraint on the total duration of the eruption. All these data provide a useful reference frame to depict the eruption scenario of this type of activity to be used for the definition of contingency plans.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 107-122
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Vesuvius ; Ash eruptions ; Clast characterization ; csd ; Eruption dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    El Somma-Vesubio y la erupciòn del 79 d. C. (2012)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: El Somma-Vesubio es,junto a la isla de Isquia y la caldera de los Campos Flegreos,uno de los tres volcanes activos localizados a lo largo de la margen tirrénica de los Apeninos meridionales...
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 10-15
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 5.3. TTC - Banche dati vulcanologiche
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Somma-Vesubio ; erupcion 79 d.C. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The effect of collisions in ionogram inversion (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The results of this paper demonstrate that the effect of collisions on the group refraction index is small, when the ordinary ray is considered. If, however, in order to improve the performance of a system for automatic interpretation of ionograms, the information contained in ordinary and extraordinary traces is combined, the effect of collisions between the electrons and neutral molecules should be taken into account for the extraordinary ray. The magnitude of these differences is generally very small and must be compared with the resolution in the virtual vertical height of the ionosonde, resolution which is typically of the order of few kilometers.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 697-701
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Ionogram inversion ; Earth's magnetic field ; electron-neutral molecule collisions ; ordinary and extraordinary ray ; phase and group refraction index ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 51
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    Unbekannt
    The Mt. Moio eruption (Etna): Stratigraphy, petrochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar age determination with inferences on the relationship between structural setting and magma intrusion (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Mt. Moio is the most peripheral scoria cone of Etna volcano and rises above the Peloritani Mountains sedimentary basement, 18 km north of the volcano summit. Geological and tephrostratigraphic studies and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations were used to characterize the eruption and constrain its occurrence to ~ 29 ka ago, during the activity of the Ellittico volcano, the volcanic edifice active before the actual one, the Mongibello volcano. The Mt. Moio eruption formed a large scoria cone and a widespread tephra fallout deposit, indicating that vigorous explosive activity produced an eruptive plume; minor effusive activity produced a small lava flow at the end of the eruption. Geochemical data indicate that the composition of erupted magma became less evolved during the eruption (mugearite → basalt–hawaiite); thus Mt. Moio deposits have been divided into Lower and Upper Sequences characterized by similar depositional facies. Based on the classification of Etna flank eruptions available in the literature, Mt. Moio can be classed as an eccentric (sensu Rittmann) and Class B eruption. Historic flank eruptions (e.g. 1669, 1763, 2001, 2002–03) formed deposits that are petrochemically and stratigraphically similar to those of Mt. Moio. The general trend of the Mt. Moio eruptive fissure corresponds to that of extensional neotectonic lineaments in the Apenninic–Maghrebian Chain, indicating that the structure of the basement played a role in controlling the ascent of the volatile-rich magma during Ellittico volcano activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 49-60
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna Volcano ; Tephrostratigraphy ; 40Ar/39Ar age determination ; Flank eruption ; Magma intrusion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 52
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    Unbekannt
    Rapid differentiation in a sill-like magma reservoir: a case study from the campi flegrei caldera (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In recent decades, geophysical investigations have detected wide magma reservoirs beneath quiescent calderas. However, the discovery of partially melted horizons inside the crust is not sufficient to put constraints on capability of reservoirs to supply cataclysmic eruptions, which strictly depends on the chemical-physical properties of magmas (composition, viscosity, gas content etc.), and thus on their differentiation histories. In this study, by using geochemical, isotopic and textural records of rocks erupted from the high-risk Campi Flegrei caldera, we show that the alkaline magmas have evolved toward a critical state of explosive behaviour over a time span shorter than the repose time of most volcanic systems and that these magmas have risen rapidly toward the surface. Moreover, similar results on the depth and timescale of magma storage were previously obtained for the neighbouring Somma-Vesuvius volcano. This consistency suggests that there might be a unique long-lived magma pool beneath the whole Neapolitan area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: article 712
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): magma ; campi flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 53
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    Unbekannt
    Xenopumices from the 2011–2012 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain): Constraints on the plumbing system and magma ascent (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-16
    Beschreibung: Textures, petrography and geochemical compositions of products emitted during the onset of the 2011–2012 submarine eruption (15 October, 2011) off the coast of El Hierro have been investigated to get information on interaction mechanism between the first rising magma and the crust during the onset of the eruption as well as to get information on magma storage and plumbing systems beneath El Hierro volcano. Studied products consist of 5–50 cm bombs with an outer black to greenish, vesicular crust with bulk basanite composition containing pumiceous xenoliths (xenopumices). Our results show that xenopumices are much more heterogeneous that previously observed, since consist of a macro-scale mingling of a gray trachyte and white rhyolite. We interpreted xenopumices as resulting from the interaction (heating) between the basanitic magma feeding the eruption, a stagnant trachytic magma pocket/s and an associated hydrothermally altered halo with rhyolitic composition. Our findings confirm the importance of the study of the early products of an eruption since they can contain crucial information on the plumbing system geometry and the mechanism of magma ascent.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L17302
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): El Hierro ; submarine eruption ; xenopumice ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 54
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    Unbekannt
    Marine-continental tephra correlations: Volcanic glass geochemistry from the Marsili Basin and the Aeolian Islands, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-06
    Beschreibung: Major, minor and trace element analysis of volcanic glass in proximal and distal (〈 2 mm) tephra deposits underpins tephrochronology. This approach has been tested in the Aeolian Islands and the Tyrrhenian Sea using juvenile clasts in pyroclastic fall and flow deposits. Geochemical data are used to link marine tephras in the Marsili Basin (core TIR2000-C01) to explosive eruptions of (1) Lipari (Monte Pilato; 776 cal AD); (2) Vulcano; and (3) Campi Flegrei (Soccavo 1; 11,915–12,721 cal years BP). Whether a polymictic coarse grained volcaniclastic turbidite in the Marsili Basin originated from collapse on Salina remains unresolved because multi-elemental analysis raises doubt about the published correlation to the Pollara region. It is evident that correlation of proximal continental and distal marine tephras, at a high level of confidence, requires a full complement of major, minor and trace element data. In conjunction with considerations of the mineralogy and morphology of juvenile deposits these data help define petrological lineages such that precise provenance can be established. Whilst a precise proximal–distal match must be based on identical major, minor and trace element concentrations it is clear that resurgent activity from a single volcano can produce magmas with identical compositions. In such cases stratigraphic relationships must complement any geochemical study. Occasionally proximal stratigraphies may be unrepresentative of the complete eruptive history because of a lack of exposure due to burial by more recent effusive and explosive activity, or sector collapse which can remove vital stratigraphy particularly on volcanic islands.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 74-94
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Marsili Basin ; Glass chemistry ; Tephra ; Trace element ; Aeolian Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 55
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    Rock magnetism and compositional investigation of Brown Tuffs deposits at Lipari and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands — Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-06
    Beschreibung: A rock-magnetic investigation was carried out on the nonwelded ash deposits of the Brown Tuffs (Aeolian Islands, southern Tyrrhenian Sea) to improve the stratigraphic correlation between the deposits cropping out on Lipari and Vulcano islands and locate their source area. The study was supplemented by petrographical and geochemical analyses on selected strata, with the intent to compare the Brown Tuffs to other rocks emplaced at Vulcano in the same time span. More than 30 levels were sampled in the intermediate (56± 4 kaNIBTN21–22 ka) and upper (21–22 kaNUBT) parts of the Brown Tuffs sequences on the two islands. Their characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) directions were derived from stepwise thermal demagnetization, and the magnetic fabric from measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The levels with indistinguishable ChRM directions were regarded as coeval and to form an individual stratigraphic unit. The units were referred to the Brown Tuffs sequence of Lucchi et al. (2008) on the grounds of their emplacement age, provided by comparison of their mean paleomagnetic direction with the paleosecular variation curves of the southern Tyrrhenian region, as well as the field constraints. The closer correlation between the sequences of Lipari and Vulcano contributes to a better understanding of the volcanic activity that produced the Brown Tuffs, and shows that most of the IBT and the oldest UBT levels were emplaced in a short time span, between ≈24 and 20–17 ka. The magnetic fabric is typically well developed, but at most sites the magnetic foliation is very close to horizontal and no imbrication is defined. The source area of the Brown Tuffs parent pyroclastic flows, as constrained from the intersection of the magnetic lineations, falls in the northeastern part of La Fossa Caldera structure. Although limited to major elements, compositional data provide further indication about the parent plumbing system and its behaviour. Magma batch(es) involved in the IBT eruptions have homogeneous features and underwent frequent refilling and tapping processes. Conversely, those involved in the early UBT eruptions are compositionally more variable. This suggests more complex evolution and plumbing system activity: the UBT eruptions represent either residual mafic magmas from the previous eruptions or the arrival of new, fresh shoshonitic magma in the system.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 23-38
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Brown Tuffs ; Magnetic fabric ; pyroclastic rocks ; Aeolian Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 56
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    Dynamic plumbing system beneath volcanoes revealed by kinetic modeling, and the connection to monitoring data: An example from Mt. Etna (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-27
    Beschreibung: Our ability to monitor volcanoes (using seismic signals, ground deformation, gas fluxes, or other ground and satellite based observations) as well as our understanding of melt reservoirs that feed eruptions have evolved tremendously in recent years. The complex plumbing systems that are thought to feed eruptions are, however, difficult to relate to the monitoring signals. Here we show that the record preserved in compositional zoning of erupted minerals may be used to reconstruct sections of the plumbing system. Kinetic modeling of such zoning can yield information on the residence time of magma in different segments of the plumbing systems. This allows a more nuanced evaluation of the link between observed monitoring signals or eruption styles and the magmatic processes and movement of batches of melts at depth. The approach is illustrated through a study of the compositional zoning recorded in olivine crystals from the 1991–1993 SE-flank eruption products of Mt. Etna (Sicily). The zoning patterns in crystals reveal that the plumbing system of the volcano consisted of at least three different magmatic environments between which magma was transported and mixed in the year or two preceding the start of eruption. Quantification of this history indicates that two main pathways of melt migration and three timescales dominated the dynamics of the system. Combination of this information with the timing of observation of various monitoring signals allows a reconstruction of the dynamic evolution of this section of the plumbing system during the early stages of the 1991–1993 eruption. It is seen, for example, how the migration of melt through the same sections of the plumbing system can cause pre-eruptive triggering, enhance Strombolian activity, and through the ensuing eruption cleanse and flush the plumbing system. Different kinds of mixing occur simultaneously at different sections of the plumbing system on different timescales (a few days up to two years).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 11-22
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; plumbing system ; olivine ; zoning ; timescales ; monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 57
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    Turbulent times in the northern polar ionosphere? (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-03
    Beschreibung: A model is presented of the growth rate of turbulently generated irregularities in the electron concentration of northern polar cap plasma patches. The turbulence is generated by the short‐term fluctuations in the electric field imposed on the polar cap ionosphere by electric field mapping from the magnetosphere. The model uses an ionospheric imaging algorithm to specify the state of the ionosphere throughout. The growth rates are used to estimate mean amplitudes for the irregularities, and these mean amplitudes are compared with observations of the scintillation indices S4 and s by calculating the linear correlation coefficients between them. The scintillation data are recorded by GPS L1 band receivers stationed at high northern latitudes. A total of 13 days are analyzed, covering four separate magnetic storm periods. These results are compared with those from a similar model of the gradient drift instability (GDI) growth rate. Overall, the results show better correlation between the GDI process and the scintillation indices than for the turbulence process and the scintillation indices. Two storms, however, show approximately equally good correlations for both processes, indicating that there might be times when the turbulence process of irregularity formation on plasma patches may be the controlling one.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: A04310
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): ionospheric irregularities ; scintillations ; Gradient Drift Instability ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 58
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    Quantitative analysis of X-ray microtomography images of geomaterials: Application to volcanic rocks (2011)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-27
    Beschreibung: X-ray computed microtomography is an excellent tool for the three-dimensional analysis of rock microstructure. Digital images are acquired, visualized, and processed to identify and measure several discrete features and constituents of rock samples, by means of mathematical algorithms and computational methods. In this paper, we present digital images of volcanic rocks collected with X-ray computed microtomography techniques and studied by means of a software library, called Pore3D, custom-implemented at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory of Trieste (Italy). Using the Pore3D software, we analyzed the fabrics and we quantified the characteristics of the main constituents (vesicles, crystals, and glassy matrix) of four different types of pyroclasts: frothy pumice, tube pumice, scoria, and “crystalline” scoria. We identified the distinctive features of these different types of volcanic rocks. The frothy pumices show vesicles that coalesce in isotropic aggregates, especially toward the sample interior, while the scoriae have a low porosity and an abundance of isolated vesicles. In the “crystalline” scoria sample most of the vesicle separation is due to the presence of crystals of different types, while the tube pumice shows an anisotropic distribution of vesicles and crystals at the microscale, as also observed at the scale of the hand sample. Quantitative analysis and textural information may supply an additional tool to investigate the eruptive processes and the origin of volcanic rocks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 793-804
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): X-ray tomography ; 3D imaging ; volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 59
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    Optimum parameter for estimating phase fluctuations on transionospheric signals at high latitudes (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-17
    Beschreibung: Transionospheric radio signals may experience fluctuations in their amplitude and phase due to irregularity in the spatial electron density distribution, referred to as scintillation. Ionospheric scintillation is responsible for transionospheric signal degradation that can affect the performance of satellite based navigation systems. Usually, the scintillation activity is measured by means of indices such as the normalised standard deviation of the received intensity S4 and the standard deviation of the received phase r/ typically calculated over 1 min of data. Data from a GPS scintillation monitor based on 50 Hz measurements recorded at Dirigibile Italia Station (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard), in the frame of the ISACCO project (De Franceschi et al., 2006) are used to investigate possible adoption of an alternative parameter for the estimate of phase fluctuations: i.e., the standard deviation of the phase rate of change S/. This parameter is shown to better correlate with S4 being much less detrending dependent than r/. The couple (S4, S/) should be then considered a more physical proxy of radio scintillation than the couple (S4, r/).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2188–2193
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Scintillation ; GPS monitors ; Auroral latitudes ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 60
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    Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from Lakes Ohrid and Prespa (Macedonia/Albania border) using stable isotopes (2011)
    EGU Biogeosciences Discussions
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-20
    Beschreibung: Here we present stable isotope data from three sediment records from lakes that lie along the Macedonian-Albanian border (Lake Prespa: 1 core, and Lake Ohrid: 2 cores). The records only overlap for the last 40 kyr, although the longest record contains the MIS 5/6 transition (Lake Ohrid). The sedimentary characteristics of both lakes differ significantly between the glacial and interglacial phases. At the end of MIS 6 Lake Ohrid's water level was low (high δ18Ocalcite) and, although productivity was increasing (high calcite content), the carbon supply was mainly from inorganic catchment rock sources (high δ13Ccarb). During the last interglacial, calcite and TOC production and preservation increased, progressively lower δ18Ocalcite suggest increase in humidity and lake levels till around 115 ka. During ca. 80 ka to 11 ka the lake records suggest cold conditions as indicated by negligible calcite precipitation and low organic matter content. In Lake Ohrid δ13Corg are complacent, in contrast Lake Prespa shows consistently higher δ13Corg suggesting a low oxidation of 13C-depleted organic matter in agreement with a general deterioration of climate conditions during the glacial. From 15 ka to the onset of the Holocene, calcite and TOC begin to increase, suggesting lake levels were probably low (high δ18Ocalcite). In the Holocene (11 ka to present) enhanced productivity is manifested by high calcite and organic matter content. All three cores show an early Holocene characterised by low δ18Ocalcite, apart from the very early Holocene phase in Prespa where the lowest δ18Ocalcite occurs at ca. 7.5 ka, suggesting a phase of higher lake level only in (the more sensitive) Lake Prespa. From 6 ka δ18Ocalcite suggest progressive aridification, in agreement with many other records in the Mediterranean, although the uppermost sediments in one core records low δ18Ocalcite which we interpret as a result of human activity. Overall, the isotope data present here confirm that these two big lakes have captured the large scale, low frequency palaeoclimate variation that is seen in Mediterranean lakes, although in detail there is much palaeoclimate information that could be gained, especially small scale, high frequency differences between this region and the Mediterranean.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3815-3853
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): tephrostratigraphy ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 61
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    Tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology of lakes Ohrid and Prespa, Balkans (2011)
    EGU Biogeosciences Discussions
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-21
    Beschreibung: Four cores from Balkans lakes Ohrid and Prespa were studied for recognition of tephra layers and cryptotephras, and the results presented along with the review of data from other two already published cores from Lake Ohrid. The six cores provide a previously unrealised tephrostratigraphic framework of the two lakes, and supply the first detailed tephrochronologic profile (composite) for the Balkans, which spans from the end of the Middle Pleistocene to the end of the Ancient Age (AD 472). A total of 12 tephra layers and cryptotephras were recognised in the cores. One is of Middle Pleistocene age (131 ky) and correlated to the marine tephra layer P-11 from Pantelleria Island. Eight volcanic layers are Upper Pleistocene in age, and encompass the period between ca. 107 ky and ca. 31 ky. This interval contains some of the main regional volcanic markers of the Central Mediterranean area, including X-6, X-5, Y-5 and Y-3 tephra layers. The other layers of this interval have been related to the marine tephra layers C20, Y-6 and C10, while one was for the first time recognised in distal areas and correlated to the Taurano eruption of probable Vesuvian origin. Three cryptotephras were of Holocene age. Two of which have been correlated to Mercato and AD 472 eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius, while the third has been correlated to the FL eruption from Mount Etna. These recognitions provide a link of the Ohrid and Prespa lacustrine successions to other archives of the Central Mediterranean area, like South Adriatic, Ionian, and South Tyrrhenian Seas, lakes of Southern Italy (Lago Grande di Monticchio, Pantano di San Gregorio Magno and Lago di Pergusa) and Balkans (Lake Shkodra).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3931-3967
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): isotopic geochemistry ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate proxies ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 62
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    Rheological control on the dynamics of explosive activity in the 2000 summit eruption of Mt. Etna (2011)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-27
    Beschreibung: In the period from January to June 2000 Mt. Etna exhibited an exceptional explosive activity characterized by a succession of 64 Strombolian and fire-fountaining episodes from the summit South-East Crater. Textural analysis of the eruptive products reveals that the magma associated with the Strombolian phases had a much larger crystal content (〉55 vol%) with respect to the magma discharged during the fire-fountain phases (~35 vol%). Rheological modelling shows that the crystal-rich magma falls in a region beyond a critical crystal content where small addition of solid particles causes an exponential increase of the effective magma viscosity. When implemented into the modeling of steady magma ascent dynamics (as assumed for the fire-fountain activity), a large crystal content as the one found for products of Strombolian eruption phases results in a one order of magnitude decrease of mass flow-rate, and in the onset of conditions where small heterogeneities in the solid fraction carried by the magma translate into highly unsteady eruption dynamics. We argue that crystallization on top of the magmatic column during the intermediate phases when magma was not discharged favoured conditions corresponding to Strombolian activity, with fire-fountain activity resuming after removal of the highly crystalline top. The numerical simulations also provide a consistent interpretation of the association between fire-fountain activity and emergence of lava flows from the crater flanks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 61-69
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; explosive activity ; scoria textures ; rheological properties ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 63
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    Hazard assessment of explosive volcanism at Somma‐Vesuvius (2011)
    The American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: A probabilistic approach based on the available volcanological data on past Somma‐Vesuvius eruptions has been developed to produce hazard‐zone maps for fallout, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), and secondary mass flows by using numerical simulations. The hazard maps have been incorporated in a GIS, making them accessible to casual and expert users for risk mitigation and education management. The results allowed us to explore the hazard related to different scenarios from all possible eruptions, ranked according to volcanic explosivity index (VEI) class, in the Vesuvius area and its surroundings including Naples. Particularly, eruptions with VEI ≤ 3 would produce a fallout hazard within about 10 km mostly east of the volcano and a PDC hazard within about 2 km from the crater. Large‐scale events (4 ≤ VEI ≤ 5) would produce a fallout hazard up to 80 km from the vent and a PDC hazard at distances exceeding 15 km. Particularly, the territory northwest of Vesuvius, including metropolitan Naples, featuring a low hazard level for fallout accumulation, is exposed to PDCs also consistent with field evidence and archeological findings. Both volcano flanks and surrounding plains, hills, and mountains are exposed to a moderate–high level of hazard for the passage of secondary mass flows. With the present level of uncertainty in forecasting future eruption type and size on the basis of statistical analysis as well as precursory activity, our results indicate that the reference scenario in the emergency plan should carefully match the worst‐case VEI 5 probabilistic scenario.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B12212
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Hazard assessment ; volcanism ; Somma‐Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 64
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    Slip Distribution of the 2003 Tokachi-oki Mw 8.1 earthquake from joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and geodetic data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: We study the 2003 Mw 8.1 Tokachi‐oki earthquake, a great interplate event that occurred along the southwestern Kuril Trench and generated a significant tsunami. To determine the earthquake slip distribution, we perform the first joint inversion of tsunami waveforms measured by tide gauges and of coseismic displacement measured both by GPS stations and three ocean bottom pressure gauges (PG) for this event. The resolution of the different data sets on the slip distribution is assessed by means of several checkerboard tests. Results show that tsunami data constrain the slip distribution offshore, whereas GPS data constrain the slip distribution in the onshore zone. The three PG data only coarsely constrain the offshore slip, indicating that denser networks should be installed close to subduction zones. Combining the three data sets significantly improves the inversion results. Joint inversion of the 2003 Tokachi‐oki earthquake data leads to maximum slip values (∼6 m) confined at depths greater than ∼25 km, between 30 and 80 km northwest of the hypocenter, with a patch of slip (3 m) in the deepest part of the source (∼50 km depth). Slip values are very low (≤1 m) updip from the hypocenter. Furthermore, the rupture does not extend on the plate interface off Akkeshi. As a significant back slip amount (∼4 m) has accumulated there since the last 1952 earthquake, this segment could rupture during the next large interplate event along the Kuril Trench.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B11313
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): tsunami ; coseismic displacement ; joint inversion ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 65
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    A relation between lava discharge rate, thermal insulation, and flow area set using lidar data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: A simple linear relation can be used to link time averaged discharge rate (TADR) and lava flow area (A). The relation applies to given insulation conditions, as described by the characteristic flow surface temperature (Te), and will vary from case-to-case depending on rheological and topographic influences on flow spreading. Most flows have insulation conditions that change through time, modifying the relationship between TADR and area as insulation conditions evolve. Using lidar data we can define TADR, the flow area that the discharge feeds and Te, allowing generation of a case-specific relation to convert satellite-data-derived flow areas to TADR. For Etna's 2006 lava flow field we obtain a relation whereby TADR = 5.6 × 10−6 A for well insulated conditions (Te = 100°C) and TADR = 1.5 × 10−4 A for poorly insulated conditions (Te = 600°C).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L20308
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): lava flow ; discharge rate ; area ; surface temperature ; lidar ; Etna. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 66
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    Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 173-177
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
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  • 67
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    Magma vesiculation and infrasonic activity at Stromboli open conduit volcano (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Explosive activity at Stromboli is explained in terms of dynamics of large gas bubbles that ascend in the magma conduit and burst at the free surface generating acoustic pressure that propagates as infrasonic signals in the atmosphere. The rate and the amplitude of the infrasonic activity is directly linked to the rate and the overpressure of the bursting gas bubbles and thus reflects the rate at which magma column degasses under non-equilibrium pressure conditions. We investigate the link between explosive degassing and magma vesiculation by comparing the rate of infrasonic activity with the bubble size distributions (BSDs) of scoria clasts collected during several days of explosive activity at Stromboli. BSDs of scoria show a characteristic power law distribution, which reflect a gas bubble concentration mainly controlled by a combined process of bubble nucleation and coalescence. The cumulative distribution of the infrasonic pressure follows two power laws, indicating a clear separation between the frequent, but weak, bursting of small gas bubbles (puffing) and the more energetic explosions of large gas slugs. The exponents of power laws derived for puffing and explosive infrasonic activity show strongly correlated (0.96) changes with time indicating that when the puffing rate is high, the number of energetic explosions is also elevated. This correlation suggests that both puffing and explosive activity are driven by the same magma degassing dynamics. In addition, changes of both infrasonic power law exponents are very well correlated (0.92 with puffing and 0.87 with explosions) with variations of the BSD exponents of the scoria clasts, providing evidence of the strong interplay between scoria vesiculation and magma explosivity. Our analysis indicates that variable magma vesiculation regimes recorded in the scoria correlate with the event number and energy of the explosive activity. We propose that monitoring infrasound on active volcanoes may be an alternative way to look at the vesiculation process in open conduit systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 274-280
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Strombolian activity ; magma vesiculation ; infrasound ; conduit dynamics ; explosive volcanism ; bubble size distribution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 68
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    Bipolar climatology of GPS ionospheric scintillation at solar minimum (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: High-rate sampling data of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) ionospheric scintillation acquired by a network of GISTM (GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor) receivers located in the Svalbard Islands, in Norway and in Antarctica have been analyzed. The aim is to describe the “scintillation climatology” of the high latitude ionosphere over both the poles under quiet conditions of the near-Earth environment. For climatology we mean to assess the general recurrent features of the ionospheric irregularities dynamics and temporal evolution on long data series, trying to catch eventual correspondences with scintillation occurrence. In spite of the fact that the sites are not geomagnetically conjugate, long series of data recorded by the same kind of receivers provide a rare opportunity to draw a picture of the ionospheric features characterizing the scintillation conditions over high latitudes. The method adopted is the Ground Based Scintillation Climatology, which produces maps of scintillation occurrence and of TEC relative variation to investigate ionospheric scintillations scenario in terms of geomagnetic and geographic coordinates, Interplanetary Magnetic Field conditions and seasonal variability. By means of such a novel and original description of the ionospheric irregularities, our work provides insights to speculate on the cause-effect mechanisms producing scintillations, suggesting the roles of the high latitude ionospheric trough, of the auroral boundaries and of the polar cap ionosphere in hosting those irregularities causing scintillations over both the hemispheres at high latitude. The method can constitute a first step towards the development of new algorithms to forecast the scintillations during space weather events.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: RS0D05
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): ionospheric scintillations ; climatology ; high latitude ionosphere ; space weather ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
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  • 69
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    Reconstruction of the eruptive activity on the NE sector of Stromboli volcano: timing of flank eruptions since 15 ka (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: A multidisciplinary geological and compositional investigation allowed us to reconstruct the occurrence of flank eruptions on the lower NE flank of Stromboli volcano since 15 ka. The oldest flank eruption recognised is Roisa, which occurred at ~15 ka during the Vancori period, and has transitional compositional characteristics between the Vancori and Neostromboli phases. Roisa was followed by the San Vincenzo eruption that took place at ~12 ka during the early stage of Neostromboli period. The eruptive fissure of San Vincenzo gave rise to a large scoria cone located below the village of Stromboli, and generated a lava flow, most of which lies below sea level. Most of the flank eruptions outside the barren Sciara del Fuoco occurred in a short time, between ~9 and 7 ka during the Neostromboli period, when six eruptive events produced scoria cones, spatter ramparts and lava flows. The Neostromboli products belong to a potassic series (KS), and cluster in two differently evolved groups. After an eruptive pause of ~5,000 years, the most recent flank eruption involving the NE sector of the island occurred during the Recent Stromboli period with the formation of the large, highly K calc-alkaline lava flow field, named San Bartolo. The trend of eruptive fissures since 15 ka ranges from N30°E to N55° E, and corresponds to the magma intrusions radiating from the main feeding system of the volcano.
    Beschreibung: The mapping of Stromboli was supported by a grant to S. Calvari (Project V2/01, 2005–2007, funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and by the Italian Civil Protection). This work was partly supported by INGV through a research grant financed byMIUR-FIRB to G. Norini.We wish to thank the former Director of INGV-Sezione di Catania, A. Bonaccorso, for making additional funds available for field trip and datings.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 101-112
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; flank fissures ; Stratigraphy ; Neostromboli ; Bulk rock composition ; eruptive fissures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 70
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    Acoustic Emission spectra classification from rock samples of Etna basalt in deformation-decompression laboratory experiments (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Recent laboratory experiments on Etna basalt have permitted the generation of an extensive catalogue of acoustic emissions (AE) during two key experimental phases. Firstly, AE have been generated during triaxial compressional tests and formation of a complex fracture/damage zone. Secondly, rapid fluid decompression through the damage/shear zone after failure. We report new results from an advanced analysis method using AE spectrograms, allowing us to qualitatively identify high and low frequency events; essentially comparable to seismicity in volcanic areas. Our analysis, for the first time, quantitatively classifies ‘families’ of AE events belonging to the same experimental stage without prior knowledge. We then test the method using the AE catalogue for verification, which is not possible with field data. FFT spectra, obtained from AE, are subdivided into equal log intervals for which a local slope is calculated. Factor analysis has been then applied, in which we use a data matrix of columns representing the variables considered (frequency data averaged in bins) vs. rows indicating each AE data set. Factor analysis shows that the method is very effective and suitable for reducing data complexity, allowing distinct factors to be obtained. We conclude that most of the data variance (information content) can be well represented by three factors only, each one representing a well defined frequency range. Through the factor scores it is possible to represent data in a lower dimension factor space. Classification is then possible by identifying clusters of AE belonging to the same experimental stage. This allows us to propose a deformation/decompression interpretation based solely on the AE frequency analysis and to identify a third type of AE related to fluid movements in the deformation stage.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 201-211
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): acoustic emissions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 71
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    40Ar/39Ar geochronology of Holocene basalts; examples from Stromboli, Italy (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Absolute chronologies of active volcanoes and consequently timescales for eruptive behaviour and magma production form a quantitative basis for understanding the risk of volcanoes. Surprisingly, the youngest records in the geological timescale often prove to be the most elusive when it comes to isotopic dating. Absolute Holocene volcanic records almost exclusively rely on 14C ages measured on fossil wood or other forms of biogenic carbon. However, on volcanic flanks, fossil carbon is often not preserved, and of uncertain origin when present in paleosols. Also, low 14C-volcanic CO2 may have mixed with atmospheric and soil 14C-CO2, potentially causing biased ages. Even when reliable data are available, it is important to have independent corroboration of inferred chronologies as can be obtained in principle using the 40K/40Ar decay system. Here we present results of a 40Ar/39Ar dating study of basaltic groundmass in the products from the Pleistocene e Holocene boundary until the beginning of the historic era for the north-northeastern flank of Stromboli, Aeolian Islands, Italy, identifying a short phase of intensified flank effusive activity 7500 500 a ago, and a maximum age of 4000 900 a for the last flank collapse event that might have caused the formation of the Sciara del Fuoco depression. We expect that under optimum conditions 40Ar/39Ar dating of basaltic groundmass samples can be used more widely for dating Holocene volcanic events.
    Beschreibung: The mapping of Stromboli was supported by a grant to S. Calvari (Project V2/01, 2005-2007, funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and by the Italian Civil Protection). The sample preparation was carried out by Roel van Elsas of the Institute of Earth Sciences, VU. The new instrumentation in the argon laboratory Institute of Earth Sciences, VU (instrument grant for the CO2 laser, AGES extraction line) was supported by grants from the ISES, VU-Energy conservation fund and the Institute of Earth Sciences). This work was partly supported by INGV through a research grant financed by MIUR-FIRB to G.N.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 223-232
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): geochronology ; Stromboli geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 72
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    A paleoclimate record with tephrochronological age control for the last glacial-interglacial cycle from Lake Ohrid, Albania and Macedonia (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Lake Ohrid is probably of Pliocene age, and the oldest extant lake in Europe. In this study climatic and environmental changes during the last glacial-interglacial cycle are reconstructed using lithological, sedimentological, geochemical and physical proxy analysis of a 15-m-long sediment succession from Lake Ohrid. A chronological framework is derived from tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating, which yields a basal age of ca. 136 ka. The succession is not continuous, however, with a hiatus between ca. 97.6 and 81.7 ka. Sediment accumulation in course of the last climatic cycle is controlled by the complex interaction of a variety of climate-controlled parameters and their impact on catchment dynamics, limnology, and hydrology of the lake. Warm interglacial and cold glacial climate conditions can be clearly distinguished from organic matter, calcite, clastic detritus and lithostratigraphic data. During interglacial periods, short-term fluctuations are recorded by abrupt variations in organic matter and calcite content, indicating climatically-induced changes in lake productivity and hydrology. During glacial periods, high variability in the contents of coarse silt to fine sand sized clastic matter is probably a function of climatically-induced changes in catchment dynamics and wind activity. In some instances tephra layers provide potential stratigraphic markers for short-lived climate perturbations. Given their widespread distribution in sites across the region, tephra analysis has the potential to provide insight into variation in the impact of climate and environmental change across the Mediterranean.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 295-310
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Lake Ohrid ; Mediterranean ; Tephrochronology ; Paleolimnology ; Last glacial-interglacial cycle ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 73
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    Site effects at the Campi Flegrei,preliminary results (2011)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Campi Flegrei caldera is a complex structure with a high population density, located west of the city of Naples. In addition of being an active volcano it is characterized by a high seismic hazard due to both Appennines regional earthquakes and to local earthquakes occurring during the bradyseismic crises. These unrest phenomena are characterized by slow ground vertical movements, particularly active in the central part of the caldera, and by a high number of low-magnitude earthquakes. In this context, the determination of the site transfer functions of the area has a strong relevance for the Civil Defense aimed to determine the hazard of the area. We have calculated the site transfer function with different techniques (H/V and Generalized Inversion technique) and have collected data on the local geology with the aim of correlating the site transfer functions with lithology and topography. This analysis has been performed on three areas: the Astroni crater, the Camaldoli hill and the Agnano plain. A future development will be to extend this analysis to the whole Campi Flegrei area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Site effects ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 74
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    Environmental change within the Balkan region during the past ca. 50 ka recorded in the sediments from lakes Prespa and Ohrid (2011)
    EGU Biogeosciences Discussions
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Lakes Prespa and Ohrid, in the Balkan region, are considered to be amongst the oldest lakes in Europe. Both lakes are hydraulically connected via karst aquifers. From Lake Ohrid, several sediment cores up to 15 m long have been studied over the last few years. Here, we document the first long sediment record from nearby Lake Prespa to clarify the influence of Lake Prespa on Lake Ohrid and the environmental history of the region. Radiocarbon dating and dated tephra layers provide robust age control and indicate that the 10.5 m long sediment record from Lake Prespa reaches back to 48 ka. Glacial sedimentation is characterized by low organic matter content and absence of carbonates in the sediments, which indicate oligotrophic conditions in both lakes. Holocene sedimentation is characterized by particularly high carbonate content in Lake Ohrid and by particularly high organic matter content in Lake Prespa, which indicates a shift towards more mesotrophic conditions in the latter. Long-term environmental change and short-term events, such as related to the Heinrich events during the Pleistocene or the 8.2 ka cooling event during the Holocene, are well recorded in both lakes, but are only evident in certain proxies. The comparison of the sediment cores from both lakes indicates that environmental change affects particularly the trophic state of Lake Prespa due to its lower volume and water depth.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3365-3392
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): geocehemistry ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate proxies ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 75
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    The magmatic feeding system of the Campi Flegrei caldera: Architecture and temporal evolution (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: To develop a model of both the structure and evolution of the Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc) magmatic feeding system, geochronological, geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and B isotopic data of representative volcanic products of the past 15 ka have been combined with geophysical and melt inclusion literature data, structural setting and dynamics of the resurgent caldera. According to previous petrological data, the CFc magmatic feeding system consists of a deep reservoir, in which mantle-derived K-basaltic parental magmas differentiate to shoshonite, latite and trachyte, through combined crustal contamination and fractional crystallization processes, and shallowreservoirswhere the evolvedmagmas further differentiate andmingle/mix before eruptions. The Sr,Nd, Pb, and B isotope data allowrecognition of three distinctmagmatic components.One component is believedto be residualmagmafromtheNeapolitanYellowTuff (NYT) caldera forming eruption. The NYT component (87Sr/86Sr of 0.70750–53, 143Nd/144Nd ratio of ca. 0.51246, 206Pb/204Pb of ca. 19.04 and δ11B of ca. –7.9‰), has been the most prevalent component over the past 15 ka being mixed, in most cases, with the other two components. One of these other components is best recognized in the Minopoli 2 magma, first erupted 10 ka ago. Minopoli 2 magma is shoshonitic in composition and is the most enriched in radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr of ca. 0.70860) and unradiogenic Nd and Pb (143Nd/144Nd ratio of ca. 0.51236, 206Pb/204Pb of ca. 18.90), and is characterised by δ11B value of ca. –7.32‰. The third component is trachytic in composition and has higher 206Pb/204Pb (ca. 19.08), lower 87Sr/86Sr (ca. 0.70726) and δ11B (−9.8‰) and higher 143Nd/144Nd (ca. 0.51250), with respect to the NYT component. This third component is best recognized in the Astroni 6 magma and did not appear until ca. 4 ka. The identified isotopically distinct magmatic components were erupted in different sectors of the CFc. During both I (b14.9–9.5 ka) and II (8.6–8.2 ka) epochs of volcanic activity,magmas similar to the NYT component, and those resulting from mixing between Minopoli 2 and NYT components were erupted from vents located mostly on the marginal faults of the NYT caldera. During the III epoch (4.8–3.8 ka) magmas either similar to NYT, or resulting from mixing between Astroni 6 and NYT components were erupted from vents located along faults bordering the La Starza resurgent block and, subordinately, the NYT caldera. Moreover, magmas resulting from mixing betweenMinopoli 2 and NYT components were erupted fromvents located along NE–SW regional faults activated during caldera resurgence. The inferred present structure of the feeding system is characterised by a deep reservoir, whose top is at about 8 kmdepth, that hosts shoshonitic–trachyticmagmas. Remnants of the NYT magma reside at shallower depth in different sectors of the crust underlying CFc, and were sometimes intercepted by volatile-rich magmas of deep provenance during the three epochs of CFc volcanic activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 227-241
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Campi Flegrei caldera ; Magmatic system ; Caldera structure ; Geochemistry ; Isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 76
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    Slope instability induced by volcano-tectonics as an additional source of hazard in active volcanic areas: the case of Ischia island (Italy) (2011)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Ischia is an active volcanic island in the Gulf of Naples whose history has been dominated by a calderaforming eruption (ca. 55 ka) and resurgence phenomena that have affected the caldera floor and generated a net uplift of about 900 m since 33 ka. The results of new geomorphological, stratigraphical and textural investigations of the products of gravitational movements triggered by volcano-tectonic events have been combined with the information arising from a reinterpretation of historical chronicles on natural phenomena such as earthquakes, ground deformation, gravitational movements and volcanic eruptions. The combined interpretation of all these data shows that gravitational movements, coeval to volcanic activity and uplift events related to the long-lasting resurgence, have affected the highly fractured marginal portions of the most uplifted Mt. Epomeo blocks. Such movements, mostly occurring since 3 ka, include debris avalanches; large debris flows (lahars); smaller mass movements (rock falls, slumps, debris and rock slides, and small debris flows); and deep-seated gravitational slope deformation. The occurrence of submarine deposits linked with subaerial deposits of the most voluminous mass movements clearly shows that the debris avalanches impacted on the sea. The obtained results corroborate the hypothesis that the behaviour of the Ischia volcano is based on an intimate interplay among magmatism, resurgence dynamics, fault generation, seismicity, slope oversteepening and instability, and eruptions. They also highlight that volcano-tectonically triggered mass movements are a potentially hazardous phenomena that have to be taken into account in any attempt to assess volcanic and related hazards at Ischia. Furthermore, the largest mass movements could also flow into the sea, generating tsunami waves that could impact on the island’s coast as well as on the neighbouring and densely inhabited coast of the Neapolitan area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 79-106
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Ischia . ; Caldera resurgence ; Slope instability ; Debris avalanche ; Lahar ; Volcanic and related hazards ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 77
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    Automatic scaling of polar ionograms (2011)
    Cambridge
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Istituto Nazionale di Geosifica e Vulcanologia (INGV) software for automatic scaling of ionograms (Autoscala) was improved by introducing a system to identify D region absorption events, spread-F condition (frequency spreading in the F region), and Z-ray propagation. The algorithm was applied to a series of ionograms recorded by the AIS-INGV (Advanced Ionospheric Sounder-INGV) ionosonde installed at the Mario Zucchelli Station (74.78S, 164.18E), Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Critical cases are shown to illustrate the behaviour of the software.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 88-94
    Beschreibung: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Beschreibung: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Autoscala ; instrument and techniques ; ionospheric irregularities ; polar ionosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
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  • 78
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    The Miocene Costa Giardini diatreme, Iblean Mountains, southern Italy: Model for maar-diatreme formation on a submerged carbonate platform (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: In this paper we present a model for the growth of a maar-diatreme complex in a shallow marine environment. The Miocene-age Costa Giardini diatreme near Sortino, in the region of the Iblei Mountains of southern Sicily, has an outer tuff ring formed by the accumulation of debris flows and surge deposits during hydromagmatic eruptions. Vesicular lava clasts, accretionary lapilli and bombs in the older ejecta indicate that initial eruptions were of gas-rich magma. Abundant xenoliths in the upper, late-deposited beds of the ring suggest rapid magma ascent, and deepening of the eruptive vent is shown by the change in slope of the country rock. The interior of the diatreme contains nonbedded breccia composed of both volcanic and country rock clasts of variable size and amount. The occurrence of bedded hyaloclastite breccia in an isolated outcrop in the middle-lower part of the diatreme suggests subaqueous effusion at a low rate following the end of explosive activity. Intrusions of nonvesicular magma, forming plugs and dikes, occur on the western side of the diatreme, and at the margins, close to the contact between breccia deposits and country rock; they indicate involvement of volatile-poor magma, possibly during late stages of activity. We propose that initial hydromagmatic explosive activity occurred in a shallow marine environment and the ejecta created a rampart that isolated for a short time the inner crater from the surrounding marine environment. This allowed explosive activity to draw down the water table in the vicinity of the vent and caused deepening of the explosive center. A subsequent decrease in the effusion rate and cessation of explosive eruptions allowed the crater to refill with water, at which time the hyaloclastite was deposited. Emplacement of dikes and plugs occurred nonexplosively while the breccia sediment was mostly still soft and unconsolidated, locally forming peperites. The sheltered, low-energy lagoon filled with marine limestones mixed with volcaniclastic material eroded from the surrounding ramparts. Ultimately, lagoonal sediments accumulated in the crater until subsidence or erosion of the tuff ring caused a return to normal shallow marine conditions.
    Beschreibung: LT thanks the Faculty Research Committee of Le Moyne College for providing travel funds that made this collaboration possible.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 557–576
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Iblean Mountains ; explosive eruptions ; diatremes ; shallow water environment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 79
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    Deblurring of frequency-wavenumber images from small-scale seismic arrays (2011)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Temporary arrays installed in urban areas for investigating the upper-most geological structure typically comprised of a limited number of stations and are arranged in geometries constrained by environmental boundaries. Therefore, it is expected that the frequency–wavenumber images are significantly blurred by the array transfer function and are corrupted by noise. In this paper, the effect of theRichardson–Lucy regularization method applied to the problem of deblurring frequency–wavenumber images is investigated. The images are computed by analysing data from two small-aperture 2-D arrays, installed with different configurations in a test-site within the town of Potenza (Southern Italy) for near-surface investigations. We show that removing the effects of the array response from the frequency–wavenumber images improve the phase-velocity estimation, reducing the relevant level of uncertainty. Furthermore, the Richardson–Lucy regularization method is effective in reducing the level of noise related to spatial aliasing by eliminating spurious peaks, allowing the maxima related to different seismic sources to be better discriminated.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 357–368
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): fk-analysis ; image deblurring ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 80
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    Late Miocene submarine volcanism in ANDRILL AND-1B drill core, Ross Embayment, Antarctica (2011)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf initiative recovered a 1285-m-long core (AND-1B) composed of cyclic glacimarine sediments with interbedded volcanic deposits. The thickest continuous volcanic sequence by far is ∼175 m long and is found at mid-core depths from 584.19 to 759.32 m below seafloor. The sequence was logged, and initial interpretations of lithostratigraphic subdivisions were made on ice during drilling in late 2006. Subsequent observations, based on image, petrographic, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses, provide a more detailed, revised interpretation of a thick submarine to emergent volcanic succession. The sequence is subdivided into two main subsequences on the basis of sediment composition, texture, and alteration style. The ∼70-m-thick lower subsequence consists mostly of monothematic stacked volcanic-rich mudstone and sandstone deposits, which are attributed to epiclastic gravity flow turbidite processes. This subsequence is consistent with abundant active volcanism that occurred at a distal site with respect to the drill site. The ∼105-m-thick upper subsequence consists mainly of interbedded tuff, lapilli tuff, and volcanic diamictite. A Late Miocene (6.48 Ma) 2.81-m-thick subaqueously emplaced lava flow occurs within the second subsequence. This second subsequence is attributed to recurring cycles of submarine to emergent volcanic activity that occurred proximal to the drill site. This new data set provides (1) the first rock evidence of significant Late Miocene submarine volcanic activity in the Ross Embayment during a period of no to limited glaciation, and (2) a rich stratigraphic record that elucidates submarine volcano-sedimentary processes in an offshore setting.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 524-536
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Antarctica ; Andrill ; Ice-Volcano interactions ; Submarine Volcanism ; Volcanoclastic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 81
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    40Ar–39Ar dating of volcanogenic products from the AND-2A core (ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project, Antarctica): correlations with the Erebus Volcanic Province and implications for the age model of the core (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The AND-2A drillcore (Antarctic Drilling Program—ANDRILL) was successfully completed in late 2007 on the Antarctic continental margin (Southern McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea) with the aim of tracking ice proximal to shallow marine environmental fluctuations and to document the 20-Ma evolution of the Erebus Volcanic Province. Lava clasts and tephra layers from the AND-2A drillcore were investigated from a petrographic and stratigraphic point of view and analyzed by the 40Ar–39Ar laser technique in order to constrain the age model of the core and to gain information on the style and nature of sediment deposition in the Victoria Land Basin since Early Miocene. Ten out of 17 samples yielded statistically robust 40Ar–39Ar ages, indicating that the AND-2A drillcore recovered ≤230 m of Middle Miocene (∼128–358 m below sea floor, ∼11.5–16.0 Ma) and 〉780 m of Early Miocene (∼358–1093 m below sea floor, ∼16.0–20.1 Ma). Results also highlight a nearly continuous stratigraphic record from at least 358 m below sea floor down hole, characterized by a mean sedimentation rate of ∼19 cm/ka, possible oscillations of no more than a few hundreds of ka and a break within ∼17.5–18.1 Ma. Comparison with available data from volcanic deposits on land, suggests that volcanic rocks within the AND-2A core were supplied from the south, possibly with source areas closer to the drill site for the upper core levels, and from 358 m below sea floor down hole, with the “proto-Mount Morning” as the main source.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 487-505
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): ANDRILL SMS ; 40Ar–39Ar geochronology ; Erebus volcanic province ; McMurdo Sound ; Lava clasts ; Sedimentation rate ; Tephra layers ; Victoria Land Basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 82
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    Dynamics of ash-dominated eruptions at Vesuvius: the post-512 AD AS1a event (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Recent stratigraphic studies at Vesuvius have revealed that, during the past 4,000 years, long lasting,moderate to low-intensity eruptions, associated with continuous or pulsating ash emission, have repeatedly occurred. The present work focuses on the AS1a eruption, the first of a series of ash-dominated explosive episodes which characterized the period between the two Subplinian eruptions of 472 AD and 1631 AD. The deposits of this eruption consist of an alternation of massive and thinly laminated ash layers and minor well sorted lapilli beds, reflecting the pulsatory injection into the atmosphere of variably concentrated ash-plumes alternating with Violent Strombolian stages. Despite its nearly constant chemical composition, the juvenile material shows variable external clast morphologies and groundmass textures, reflecting the fragmentation of a magma body with lateral and/or vertical gradients in both vesicularity and crystal content. Glass compositions and mineralogical assemblages indicate that the eruption was fed by rather homogeneous phonotephritic magma batches rising from a reservoir located at ~ 4 km (100 MPa) depth, with fluctuations between magma delivery and magma discharge. Using crystal size distribution (CSD) analyses of plagioclase and leucite microlites, we estimate that the transit time of the magma in the conduit was on the order of ~ 2 days, corresponding to an ascent rate of around 2× 10−2 ms−1. Accordingly, assuming a typical conduit diameter for this type of eruption, the minimum duration of the AS1a event is between about 1.5 and 6 years. Magma fragmentation occurred in an inertially driven regime that, in a magma with low viscosity and surface tension, can act also under conditions of slow ascent.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Ash emission activity ; Tephrite ; Vesuvius ; Stratigraphy ; Textural analyses ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 83
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    The distal segment of Etna’s 2001 basaltic lava flow (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Etna’s 2001 basaltic lava flow provided a good example of the distal flow segment between the flow front and stable channel, across which the flow evolves from channel-contained to dispersed. This zone was mapped with meter precision using LIDAR data collected during 2004 and 2005. These data, supported by field mapping, show that the flow front comprised eight lobes each 10 to 20 m high. The flow front appears to have advanced not as a single unit, but as a series of lobes moving forward one lobe at a time. Primary lobes were centered on the channel axis and marginal lobes were off-axis. The lobes advanced as breakouts of low-yield-strength lava from the flow core of the stalled flow front. Marginal lobes were abandoned and contributed to marginal levees flanking the transitional channel. For Etna’s 2001 flow, the transitional channel is 140 m wide, 700 m long and fed a 240-m-long zone of dispersed flow; the change from stable to transitional channel occurred at a major reduction in slope. Above this, the stable channel is 5.2 km long, 55 to 105 m wide and bounded by 15- to 25-m-high levees, and the stable channel is located over a previous channel. In a final stage of activity, lava ponding at the break-in-slope that marks the terminus of the stable channel put pressure on the eastern levee, causing it to fail. Liberated lava then fed a final break-out to the east. Similar flow front-features occur at other volcanoes, indicating that similar processes are characteristic of dispersed flow zones.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 119-127
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Basalt lava ; Channelised lava flow ; Flow front ; Zone of dispersed flow ; Flow dynamics ; LIDAR ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 84
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    The pre-eruptive volatile contents of recent basaltic and pantelleritic magmas at Pantelleria (Italy) (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Pantelleria Island, located in the Sicily Channel Rift Zone (Italy), is the type locality for the peralkaline rhyolitic rocks called pantellerites. In the last 50 ka, after the large Green Tuff caldera-forming eruption, volcanic activity at Pantelleria has consisted of effusive and explosive eruptions mostly vented inside and along the rim of the caldera and producing silicic lava flows, lava domes and poorly dispersed pantelleritic pumice fall deposits. Basaltic cinder cones and lava flows are only present outside the caldera in the NW sector of the island. The most recent basaltic (Cuddie Rosse, 20 ka) and pantelleritic (Cuddia Randazzo and Cuddia del Gallo, 6 ka) pyroclastic products were sampled to investigate magmatic volatile contents through the study of melt inclusions. The melt inclusions in pyroxene and olivine phenocrysts of Cuddie Rosse scoriae have an alkali basalt composition. The dissolved volatiles comprise 0.9–1.6 wt.% H2O, several hundred ppm of CO2, 1600–2000 ppm of sulphur and 500–900 ppm of chlorine. The water–carbon dioxide couple gives a confining pressure 2 kbar prior to the eruption. This result indicates that episodes of magma ponding and crystallization occurred in the upper crust prior to eruption. The melt inclusions in feldspar, fayalite and aenigmatite phenocrysts of Cuddia del Gallo and Cuddia Randazzo pumice have a pantelleritic composition (Agpaitic Indices 1.3–2.1), up to 4.4 wt.% H2O, 8700 ppm Cl, 6000 ppm F, and CO2 below the detection limit. Sulphur averaging 420 ppm has been measured in Cuddia Randazzo melt inclusions. These data indicate relatively high volatile contents for these low-energy Strombolian-type eruptions. Melt inclusions in Cuddia del Gallo pumice show the most evolved composition (Agpaitic Indices 2–2.1) and the highest volatile content, in agreement with fluid saturation conditions in the magma chamber prior to the eruption. This implies a confining pressure of 1 kbar for the top of the pantelleritic reservoir. The composition of melt inclusions and mineralogical assemblage of Cuddia Randazzo pumice indicate that it has a lower evolutionary degree (Agpaitic Indices 1.3–1.8) and lower pre-eruptive Cl and H2O contents than Cuddia del Gallo pumice. An increase in pressure due to the exsolution of volatiles in the upper part of the pantelleritic reservoir may have triggered the Cuddia del Gallo explosive eruption. Evidence of widespread pre-eruptive mingling between trachytes and pantellerites suggests that the intrusion of trachytic magma into the pantelleritic reservoir likely played a major role in destabilizing the magma system just prior to the Cuddia Randazzo event.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 191-201
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Pantelleria ; peralkaline ; volatiles ; melt inclusions ; eruptive style ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 85
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    A LiDAR survey of Stromboli volcano (Italy): Digital elevation model-based geomorphology and intensity analysis (2011)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a novel and very useful active remote sensing system which can be used to directly identify geomorphological features as well as the properties of materials on the ground surface. In this work, LiDAR data were applied to the study of the Stromboli volcano in Italy. LiDAR data points, collected during a survey in October 2005, were used to generate a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a calibrated intensity map of the ground surface. The DEM, derived maps and topographic cross-sections were used to complete a geomorphological analysis of Stromboli, which led to the identification of four main geomorphological domains linked to major volcanic cycles. Moreover, we investigated and documented the potential of LiDAR intensity data for distinguishing and characterizing different volcanic products, such as fallout deposits, epiclastic sediments and lava flows.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3177-3194
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli Volcano ; LiDAR ; Volcanic surfaces ; Geologic mapping ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 86
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    Unbekannt
    Understanding Slow Deformation Before Dynamic Failure (2011)
    Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Slow deformation and fracturing have been shown to be leading mechanisms towards failure, marking earthquake ruptures, flank eruption onsets and landslide episodes. The common link among these processes is that populations of microcracks interact, grow and coalesce into major fractures. We present (a) two examples of multidisciplinary field monitoring of characteristic “large scale” signs of impending deformation from different tectonic setting, i.e. the Ruinon landslide (Italy) and Stromboli volcano (Italy) (b) the kinematic features of slow stress perturbations induced by fluid overpressures and relative modelling; (c) experimental rock deformation laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling investigating slow deformation mechanisms, such stress corrosion crack growth. We propose an interdisciplinary unitary and integrated approach aimed to: (1) transfer of knowledge between specific fields, which up to now aimed at solve a particular problem; (2) quantify critical damage thresholds triggering instability onset; (3) set up early warning models for forecasting the time of rupture with application to volcanology, seismology and landslide risk prevention.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 229-247
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli volcano · Landslides ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.01. Avalanches ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 87
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    Unbekannt
    Influence of thermal and mechanical cracks on permeability and elastic wave velocities in a basalt from Mt. Etna volcano subjected to elevated pressure (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report simultaneous laboratory measurements of seismic velocities and fluid permeability on lava flow basalt from Etna (Italy). Results were obtained for dry and saturated samples deformed under triaxial compression. During each test, the effective pressure was first increased up to 190 MPa to investigate the effect of pre-existing crack closure on seismic properties. Then, the effective pressure was unloaded down to 20 MPa, a pressure which mirrors the stress field acting under a lava pile of approximately 1.5–2 km thick, and deviatoric stress was increased until failure of the specimens. Using an effective medium model, the measured elastic wave velocities were inverted in terms of two crack densities: ρi the crack density of the pre-existing thermal cracks and ρv the crack density of the stress-induced cracks. In addition a link was established between elastic properties (elastic wave velocities Vp and Vs) and permeability using a statistical permeability model. Our results show that the velocities increase with increasing hydrostatic pressure up to 190 MPa, due to the closure of the pre-existing thermal cracks. This is interpreted by a decrease of the crack density ρi from ~1 to 0.2. The effect of pre-existing cracks closure is also highlighted by the permeability evolution which decreases of more than two orders of magnitude. Under deviatoric loading, the velocities signature is interpreted, in the first stage of the loading, by the closure of the pre-existing thermal cracks. However, with increasing deviatoric loading newly-formed vertical cracks nucleate and propagate. This is clearly seen from the velocity signature and its interpretation in term of crack density, the location of the acoustic emission sources, and from microstructural observations. This competition between pre-existing cracks closure and propagation of vertical cracks is also seen from the permeability evolution, and our study shows that mechanically-induced cracks has lesser influence on permeability change than pre-existing thermal cracks.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Elastic wave velocity, Permeability, Acoustic emission, Fracture, Basalt ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 88
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    Unbekannt
    Spatio-temporal evolution of volcano seismicity: A laboratory study (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report a laboratory and microstructural study of a suite of deformation experiments in which basalt from Mount Etna volcano is deformed and fractured at an effective confining pressure representative of conditions under a volcanic edifice (40 MPa). Particular attention was paid to the formation of a fracture and damage zone with which to stimulate coupled hydro-mechanical interactions that create the various types of seismicity recorded on volcanic edifices, and which usually precede eruption. Location of AE events through time shows the formation of a fault plane during which waveforms exhibit the typical high frequency characteristics of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes. We found that these VT earthquakes were particularly pronounced when generated using dry samples, compared to samples saturated with a pore fluid (water). VT events generated during deformation of water saturated sample are characterised by a distinctive high frequency onset and a longer, low frequency coda exhibiting properties often seen in the field as hybrid events. We present evidence that hybrid events are, in fact, the common type of volcanic seismic event with either VT or low frequency (LF) events representing end members, and whose proportion depend on pore fluid being present in the rock type being deformed, as well as how close the rock is to failure. We find a notable trend of reducing instances of hybrid events leading up to the failure stage in our experiments, suggesting that during this stage, the pore fluid present in the rock moves sufficiently quickly to provide a resonance, seen as a LF coda. Our data supports recent modeling and field studies that postulate that hybrid events generated in volcanic areas are likely to be generated through the interaction of hydrothermal fluids moving through a combination of pre-existing microcrack networks and larger faults, such as those we observe in forensic (post-test) examination.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 315-323
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): volcano-tectonics, acoustic emission, rock physics, seismology, hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 89
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    Lethal Thermal Impact at Periphery of Pyroclastic Surges: Evidences at Pompeii (2011)
    Public Library Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Background: The evaluation of mortality of pyroclastic surges and flows (PDCs) produced by explosive eruptions is a major goal in risk assessment and mitigation, particularly in distal reaches of flows that are often heavily urbanized. Pompeii and the nearby archaeological sites preserve the most complete set of evidence of the 79 AD catastrophic eruption recording its effects on structures and people. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we investigate the causes of mortality in PDCs at Pompeii and surroundings on the bases of a multidisciplinary volcanological and bio-anthropological study. Field and laboratory study of the eruption products and victims merged with numerical simulations and experiments indicate that heat was the main cause of death of people, heretofore supposed to have died by ash suffocation. Our results show that exposure to at least 250uC hot surges at a distance of 10 kilometres from the vent was sufficient to cause instant death, even if people were sheltered within buildings. Despite the fact that impact force and exposure time to dusty gas declined toward PDCs periphery up to the survival conditions, lethal temperatures were maintained up to the PDCs extreme depositional limits. Conclusions/Significance: This evidence indicates that the risk in flow marginal zones could be underestimated by simply assuming that very thin distal deposits, resulting from PDCs with poor total particle load, correspond to negligible effects. Therefore our findings are essential for hazard plans development and for actions aimed to risk mitigation at Vesuvius and other explosive volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e11127
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Lethal Thermal Impact ; Pyroclastic Surges ; Pompeii ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 90
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    Unbekannt
    The feeding system of Agnano–Monte Spina eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy): Dragging the past into present activity and future scenarios (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Magmatic processes triggering eruptions at Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) and their relationships with the widespread emissions of fluids and caldera unrest episodes, are poorly constrained. The 4.1 ka B.P. Agnano–Monte Spina eruption, the reference event for a future large-size explosive eruption at Campi Flegrei, was investigated to shed light, through melt inclusion and isotope analyses, on the geochemical processes operating in the plumbing system. Chemical and isotopic data on whole rocks and glasses suggest that at least two magma batches mixed during the course of the eruption. Melt inclusion data highlight the pre-eruption storage conditions of two magmatic end-members. One end-member is like the less differentiated (shoshonitic) Campi Flegrei erupted magma, while the other could be a residual of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff magma. Mixing between these two components was driven by a large gas phase which sustained the ascent of magmas of deep provenance. The H2O and CO2 contents in pyroxene-hosted melt inclusions yield entrapment pressures between 107 and 211 MPa, corresponding to depths between 4 and 8 km. The degassing trends reveal two extreme patterns. One pattern, already documented in the literature, is the volatile signature of poorly differentiated magmas ascending from more than 8 km depth, while the other is related to a gas-dominated magma, flushed by a CO2-rich gas phase partly released from the deep reservoir. This study provides a conceptual frame for unrest phases at Campi Flegrei, such as the 1982–84 event. Uplift phases can be related to closed-system ascent of magmas and fluids from more than 8 km depth, and their emplacement at shallow levels. This leads the shallow system to store, and then progressively release, the accumulated gas. In this view, both unrest episodes and eruptions could be strongly influenced by both the achievement of a critical upper limit of gas storage in the shallow magmatic reservoir and the stress and fracturing state of the roof rocks. The present results help to constrain the preeruptive conditions expected at Campi Flegrei caldera in case of a future large-size eruptive event.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 135–147
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Sr and Nd isotopes ; Melt inclusions ; Gas flushing ; Magma mixing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 91
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    The regular shape of stratovolcanoes: A DEM-based morphometrical approach (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We studied the shape of the most regular-shaped stratovolcanoes of the world to mathematically define the form of the ideal stratovolcano. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data we selected 19 of the most circular and symmetrical volcanoes, which incidentally all belong to subduction-related arcs surrounding the Pacific. The selection of volcanoes benefitted from the introduction of a new definition of circularity which is more robust than previous definitions, being independent of the erosional dissection of the cone. Our study on the shape of stratovolcanoes was based on the analysis of the radial elevation profiles of each volcano. The lower half section of the volcanoes is always well fitted by a logarithmic curve, while the upper half section is not, and falls into two groups: it is fitted either by a line (“C-type”, conical upper part) or by a parabolic arc (“P-type”, parabolic/concave upper part). A quantitative discrimination between these groups is obtained by fitting their upper slope with a linear function: C-type volcanoes show small, whereas P-type volcanoes show significant negative angular coefficient. The proposed threshold between the two groups is − 50 × 10− 4°/m. Chemical composition of eruptive products indicates higher SiO2 and/or higher H2O content for C-type volcanoes, which could imply a higher incidence of mildly explosive (e.g. strombolian) eruptions. We propose that this higher explosivity is responsible for forming the constant uppermost slopes by the deposition of ballistic tephra and its subsequent stabilisation at a constant angle. By contrast, P-type volcanoes are characterized by a smaller SiO2 and H2O content, which can be responsible for a higher incidence of effusive events and/or a lower incidence of upper flank-forming (i.e. mild) explosive eruptions. Therefore, the concave upper flanks of these volcanoes may be shaped typically by lava flows. Based on this hypothesis, we propose that the morphometric analysis of the elevation profile of stratovolcanoes can provide insights into their dominant eruptive style.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 171-181
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): stratovolcano ; SRTM ; shape analysis ; elevation profile ; circularity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 92
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    Spectral analysis of ASTER and HYPERION data for geological classification of Volcano Teide (2011)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This work is an evaluation to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands). To account for the enhanced information content these sensors provide, hyperspectral analysis methods, incorporating for example Minimum Noise Fraction-Transformation (MNF) for data quality assessment and noise reduction as well as Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for supervised classification, were applied. Ground Truth reflectance data were obtained with a FieldSpec Pro measurements campaign conducted during later summer of 2007 in the frame of the EC project PREVIEW (http://www.preview-risk.com/).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Honolulu, USA
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Teide, classification, hyperspectral sensors, ASTER, Hyperion, reflectance spectra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 93
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    The contribution of synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography to understanding volcanic processes (2011)
    International Union of Crystallography
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A series of computed microtomography experiments are reported which were performed by using a third-generation synchrotron radiation source on volcanic rocks from various active hazardous volcanoes in Italy and other volcanic areas in the world. The applied technique allowed the internal structure of the investigated material to be accurately imaged at the micrometre scale and three-dimensional views of the investigated samples to be produced as well as three-dimensional quantitative measurements of textural features. The geometry of the vesicle (gas-filled void) network in volcanic products of both basaltic and trachytic compositions were particularly focused on, as vesicle textures are directly linked to the dynamics of volcano degassing. This investigation provided novel insights into modes of gas exsolution, transport and loss in magmas that were not recognized in previous studies using solely conventional two-dimensional imaging techniques. The results of this study are important to understanding the behaviour of volcanoes and can be combined with other geosciences disciplines to forecast their future activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 215-221
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): high-resolution three-dimensional imaging ; X-ray computed microtomography ; volcanic eruptions ; volcanic rock textures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 94
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    Tephrostratigraphy, chronology and climatic events of the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene: an overview (2011)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The identification and characterisation of high-frequency climatic changes during the Holocene requires natural archives with precise and accurate chronological control, which is usually difficult to achieve using only 14C chronologies. The presence of time-spaced tephra beds in Quaternary Mediterranean successions represents an additional, independent tool for dating and correlating different sedimentary archives. These tephra layers are potentially useful for resolving long-standing issues in paleoclimatology and can help towards correlating terrestrial and marine paleoclimate archives. Known major tephras of regional extent derive from central and southern Italy, the Hellenic Arc, and from Anatolia. A striking feature of major Holocene tephra deposition events in the Mediterranean is that they are clustered rather than randomly distributed in time. Several tephra layers occurred at the time of the S1 sapropel formation between c. 8.4 and 9.0 ka BP (Mercato, Gabellotto-Fiumebianco/E1, Cappadocia) and other important tephra layers (Avellino, Agnano Monte Spina, ‘Khabur’ and Santorini/Thera) occurred during the during the second and third millennia bc, marking an important and complex phase of environmental changes during the mid- to late-Holocene climatic transition. There is great potential in using cryptotephra to overlap geographically Italian volcanic ashes with those originating from the Aegean and Anatolia, in order to connect regional tephrochronologies between the central and eastern Mediterranean.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: (21)
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Holocene ; Mediterranean basin ; paleoclimate ; tephrochronology ; tephrostratigraphy ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 95
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    Numerical inversion and analysis of tephra fallout deposits fromthe 472 ADsub-Plinian eruption at Vesuvius (Italy) through a new best-fit procedure (2011)
    elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-16
    Beschreibung: A simple semi-analytical model for ash-fall deposit was applied to reconstruct the tephra deposits of the sub- Plinian 472 AD eruption of Vesuvius, Italy, which is of the scale of the reference eruptive scenario for the emergency planning, at Vesuvius. Applying a novel least-squares method, the bulk grain-size distribution, the total mass, and the eruption column height were obtained by fitting the computed ground load and granulometries with the observed ones. The analysis of the effect of three different weighting factors in the minimization procedure was also performed. Results showed that the statistical weighting factor produced the minimum bias. The best correlation between calculated and measured deposit was found, even though the quantity of the input data was not very high, as it commonly occurs for several ancient eruptions. Model results were also in agreement with estimations provided by other independent methods.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 238–246
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): tephra fallout ; Pollena eruption ; HAZMAP model ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 96
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    The Pomici di Avellino eruption of Somma–Vesuvius (3.9 ka BP). Part II: sedimentology and physical volcanology of pyroclastic density current deposits (2011)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-16
    Beschreibung: Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) generated during the Plinian eruption of the Pomici di Avellino (PdA) of Somma–Vesuvius were investigated through field and laboratory studies, which allowed the detailed reconstruction of their eruptive and transportation dynamics and the calculation of key physical parameters of the currents. PDCs were generated during all the three phases that characterised the eruption, with eruptive dynamics driven by both magmatic and phreatomagmatic fragmentation. Flows generated during phases 1 and 2 (EU1 and EU3pf, magmatic fragmentation) have small dispersal areas and affected only part of the volcano slopes. Lithofacies analysis demonstrates that the flow-boundary zones were dominated by granular-flow regimes, which sometimes show transitions to traction regimes. PDCs generated during eruptive phase 3 (EU5, phreatomagmatic fragmentation) were the most voluminous and widespread in the whole of Somma–Vesuvius’ eruptive history, and affected a wide area around the volcano with deposit thicknesses of a few centimetres up to more than 25 km from source. Lithofacies analysis shows that the flowboundary zones of EU5 PDCs were dominated by granular flows and traction regimes. Deposits of EU5 PDC show strong lithofacies variation northwards, from proximally thick, massive to stratified beds towards dominantly alternating beds of coarse and fine ash in distal reaches. The EU5 lithofacies also show strong lateral variability in proximal areas, passing fromthe western and northern to the eastern and southern volcano slopes, where the deposits are stacked beds of massive, accretionary lapilli-bearing fine ash. The sedimentological model developed for the PDCs of the PdA eruption explains these strong lithofacies variations in the light of the volcano’s morphology at the time of the eruption. In particular, the EU5 PDCs survived to pass over the break in slope between the volcano sides and the surrounding volcaniclastic apron–alluvial plain, with development of new flows from the previously suspended load. Pulses were developed within individual currents, leading to stepwise deposition on both the volcano slopes and the surrounding volcaniclastic apron and alluvial plain. Physical parameters including velocity, density and concentration profile with height were calculated for a flow of the phreatomagmatic phase of the eruption by applying a sedimentological method, and the values of the dynamic pressure were derived. Some hazard considerations are summarised on the assumption that, although not very probable, similar PDCs could develop during future eruptions of Somma–Vesuvius
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 559–577
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Pyroclastic density currents ; Pomici diAvellino ; Somma–Vesuvius ; Dynamic pressure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    The Pomici di Avellino eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (3.9 ka BP). Part I: stratigraphy, compositional variability and eruptive dynamics (2011)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-16
    Beschreibung: The stratigraphic succession of the Pomici di Avellino Plinian eruption from Somma-Vesuvius has been studied through field and laboratory data in order to reconstruct the eruption dynamics. This eruption is particularly important in the Somma-Vesuvius eruptive history because (1) its vent was offset with respect to the present day Vesuvius cone; (2) it was characterised by a distinct opening phase; (3) breccia-like very proximal fall deposits are preserved close to the vent and (4) the pyroclastic density currents generated during the final phreatomagmatic phase are among the most widespread and voluminous in the entire history of the volcano. The stratigraphic succession is, here, divided into deposits of three main eruptive phases (opening, magmatic Plinian and phreatomagmatic), which contain five eruption units. Short-lived sustained columns occurred twice during the opening phase (Ht of 13 and 21.5 km, respectively) and dispersed thin fall deposits and small pyroclastic density currents onto the volcano slopes. The magmatic Plinian phase produced the main volume of erupted deposits, emplacing white and grey fall deposits which were dispersed to the northeast. Peak column heights reached 23 and 31 km during the withdrawal of the white and the grey magmas, respectively. Only one small pyroclastic density current was emplaced during the main Plinian phase. In contrast, the final phreatomagmatic phase was characterised by extensive generation of pyroclastic density currents, with fallout deposits very subordinate and limited to the volcano slopes. Assessed bulk erupted volumes are 21×106 m3 for the opening phase, 1.3– 1.5 km3 for the main Plinian phase and about 1 km3 for the final phreatomagmatic phase, yielding a total volume of about 2.5 km3. Pumice fragments are porphyritic with sanidine and clinopyroxene as the main mineral phases but also contain peculiar mineral phases like scapolite, nepheline and garnet. Bulk composition varies from phonolite (white magma) to tephri-phonolite (grey magma).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 539–558
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Avellino eruption ; Somma-Vesuvius ; Stratigraphy ; Eruptive dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    Unbekannt
    Volcanic and tectonic history of El Tatio area (central Andes, northern Chile): explanatory notes to the 1:50000 scale geological map (2011)
    Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-Ambientali of the University of Bologna (Italy), in collaboration with GeoSed, the Italian Association for Sedimentary Geology
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-06
    Beschreibung: The volume has the geological map as attached paper
    Beschreibung: The Miocene-Quaternary eruptive and tectonic history of El Tatio volcanic area (central Andes, northern Chile) is described here on the basis of a new 1:50,000 scale geological map.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-29
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): El tatio geothermal field ; stratovolcano ; ignimbrite ; thrust faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    Unbekannt
    The Corchia Cave (Alpi Apuane): a 2 Ma temporal window on the earth climate (2011)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-25
    Beschreibung: no abstract
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Pisa
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Paleoclimate ; Geology ; Geomorphology ; Ore deposit ; Alpi Apuane ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
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    Unbekannt
    Understanding stress and deformation in active volcanoes (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: No eruption, no caldera collapse, and no landslide can take place in a volcano unless its state of stress is suitable for the associated type of rock failure. The state of stress, in turn, results in deformation, and both stress and deformation depend on the mechanical properties of the rocks that constitute the volcano. Understanding stress and deformation in volcanoes is thus of fundamental importance for understanding unrest periods and for accurate forecasting volcano failure, such as may result in large-scale lateral and vertical collapses and eruptions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-3
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): stress, deformation, volcano tectonics, physical propertie of volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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