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  • Articles  (133)
  • ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology  (59)
  • 04.04. Geology  (37)
  • ddc:330  (36)
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  • 2020-2023  (133)
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  • Articles  (133)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: Il margine tirrenico dell’Italia centrale dalla Toscana alla Campania è caratterizzato dalla presenza di una fascia di apparati vulcanici, estinti o quiescenti, e mostra un assetto geodinamico con litosfera assottigliata, alti flussi di calore e forte degassamento di anidride carbonica (CO2) e altri gas di origine magmatica, mantellica o geotermica. I gas che risalgono si disciolgono in acquiferi profondi, se ospitati in rocce Mesozoiche carbonatiche, o superficiali, se ospitati in rocce clastiche o vulcaniche Neogeniche e Quaternarie. Tutti questi acquiferi rilasciano gas alla superficie attraverso sistemi aperti di faglie o fratture, generando zone di emissione anomala in atmosfera (fig. 1). In zone dove non vi è significativa emissione, il gas potrebbe però essere confinato nel sottosuolo da livelli impermeabili efficienti. Quando scavi o perforazioni attraversano questi livelli, il gas in pressione può fuoriuscire anche in maniera violenta (fig. 2). Numerosi incidenti di questo tipo sono avvenuti nei territori di Roma, di Fiumicino e ai Colli Albani. Sia le emissioni naturali che quelle di origine antropica possono rappresentare un pericolo per la salute umana o degli animali qualora i gas si accumulino in alte concentrazioni in depressioni del terreno, in scavi o in seminterrati.
    Description: Published
    Description: 45-51
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Keywords: gas endogeni, piana del Tevere ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: In den vergangenen zwei Jahren hat sich die Welt verändert und vermehrt beherrschen Krisen das Bild. Jahrzehntelange Gewissheiten gelten nicht mehr, Risiken und Unsicherheiten nehmen zu, die Herausforderungen werden immer komplexer und erfordern gleichzeitig immer schnelleres und konsequenteres Handeln.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Climate change can make extreme drought and flood events more frequent, while damming large rivers can alter the hydrological regime by making droughts more prolonged and floods less intense. Together, both factors can affect aquatic communities. Here, the variation of Chironomidae community attributes between extreme floods and droughts in a neotropical floodplain river was investigated. The hypothesis that the abundance, richness, diversity and variability attributes of the Chironomidae community are reduced after extreme events was tested. Sampling took place quarterly from 2000 to 2012, although only a few years were selected to investigate our predictions. Twelve sampling periods were selected, which were divided into years in which, El Niño (extreme flood) and La Niña (extreme drought) phenomena occurred. In the Paraná River, three points were determined for the collection of benthic material, in transect: right bank, center and left bank of the river. We recorded 75 morphospecies of Chironomidae. The most common taxa in periods of extreme flooding were Djalmabatista sp 2, Lopescladius sp 1 and Tanytarsus type E. For periods of extreme drought, the most common taxa were Polypedilum (Tripodura) sp 4, Polypedilum sp 3 and Lopescladius sp 1. A composition and attributes of the Chironomidae community in the Paraná River varied between before and after extreme flood and drought events. Attributes such as Shannon-Wiener abundance, richness and diversity were reduced after extreme floods and, in contrast, tended to increase after extreme drought events (except Shannon diversity). Thus, it can be stated that the evaluated flood and drought events, despite being extreme, have different consequences in the Chironomidae community of the Paraná River. Given the environmental and global conditions we experience today, including climate change and dams, extreme events could be even more frequent in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to understand the consequences of extreme flood and drought events on ecosystems with high biodiversity and that provide relevant ecosystem services such as floodplain rivers.
    Description: As mudanças climáticas podem tornar eventos de secas e cheias extremas mais frequentes, enquanto barramentos de grandes rios podem alterar o regime hidrológico por tornar as secas mais prolongadas e as cheias menos intensas. Em conjunto, ambos fatores podem afetar as comunidades aquáticas. Aqui, a variação dos atributos da comunidade de Chironomidae entre as cheias e secas extremas em um rio de planície de inundação neotropical. Testou-se a hipótese de que os atributos abundância, riqueza, diversidade e variabilidade da comunidade de Chironomidae são reduzidos após eventos extremos. As amostragens ocorreram trimestralmente 2000 a 2012, embora apenas alguns anos foram selecionados para investigar nossas predições. Selecionou-se 12 períodos de amostragem, que foram divididos em anos que ocorreram fenômenos de El Niño (cheia extrema) e La Niña (seca extrema). No rio Paraná foram determinados três pontos para coleta do material bentônico, em transecto: margem direita, centro e margem esquerda do rio. Registrou-se 75 morfoespécies de Chironomidae. Os táxos mais comuns nos períodos de cheia extrema foram Djalmabatista sp 2, Lopescladius sp 1 e Tanytarsus tipo E. Para os períodos de seca extrema, os táxons mais comuns foram Polypedilum (Tripodura) sp 4, Polypedilum sp 3 e Lopescladius sp 1. A composição e os atributos da comunidade de Chironomidae no rio Paraná variaram entre antes e depois de eventos de cheia e seca extremas. Os atributos, como abundância, riqueza e diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, foram reduzidos após cheias extremas e em contrapartida, tenderam a aumentar após eventos de seca extrema (exceto diversidade de Shannon). Pode-se afirmar que os eventos de cheias e secas avaliados, apesar de extremos, acarretam em diferentes consequências na comunidade de Chironomidae do rio Paraná. Considerando que as condições ambientais e globais que vivenciamos hoje, incluindo mudanças climáticas e barragens, os eventos extremos poderão ser ainda mais frequentes nos ecossistemas aquáticos. Portanto, é fundamental compreendermos as consequências dos eventos de cheia e seca extremas em ecossistemas com elevada biodiversidade e que fornecem relevantes serviços ecossistêmicos como rios de planícies de inundação.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta) ; Zoobentos de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Pulso de inundação ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zoobenthos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 26pp.
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  • 4
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Decomposition is a process of great importance to the ecosystem. Macroinvertebrates together with fungi and bacteria play a very important role in the cycling of organic matter. Through decomposition, nutrients that make up the organisms can be reused and macroinvertebrates act by fractionating the organic matter in this process. The exotic species Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle usually causes problems in various regions of the globe such as economic damage in hydroelectric plants. This exotic species competes with native species and can facilitates new invasions. The objective of the present work is to evaluate how the colonization of macroinvertebrates occurs during the decomposition of H. verticillata and E. najas macrophytes, as well as other community attributes during the process such as density, richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness. The experiment was carried out in Garças Lake and the macrophytes were collected in Paraná River. Macrophytes were dried at room temperature and 5 g of each species were added in two types of litterbags, one thin mesh (0.5 mm) and another with thick mesh (4 mm), totalling 100 litterbags. The litterbags were fixed at 5 points in the lake and removed each 4 days. In the laboratory the litterbags were washed with a 0.2 μm mesh sieve, the decomposing material was sorted and the remainder was oven dried for further decay calculation. There was no significant difference in community attributes, except when time was applied assigned to analysis. The decomposition was similar in both species because both had similar characteristics, including phylogenetic proximity. The most observed taxon during the process was Chironomidae. Thus, it is worth noting that more studies are needed to elucidate questions related to the colonization process and quantify the degradation of organic matter of exotic and native species in the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
    Description: A decomposição é um processo de grande importâcia para os ecossistemas, e os macroivertebrados juntamente com fungos e bactérias possuem um importante papel na ciclagem da matéria orgânica. Pela decomposição, os nutrientes que compõem os organismos podem ser novamente reutilizados, e os macroinvertebrados atuam fracionando essa matéria orgânica. A espécie exótica Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle é uma espécie de macrófita submersas que atualmente tem causado problemas em diversas regiões do globo. Além de causar prejuízos econômicos em usinas hidroelétricas H. verticillata causa prejuízos para as espécies nativas devido a competição por recursos, o que pode facilitar novas invasões. Avaliou-se como ocorre a colonização de macroinvertebrados durante a decomposição das macrófitas H. verticillata e E. najas, além de avaliar outros atributos de comunidade durante o processo como, por exemplo, densidade, riqueza, diversidade de Shannon e equitabilidade de Pielou. O experimento foi realizado na Lagoa das Garças e as macrófitas foram coletadas no Rio Paraná. Após a coleta, as plantas foram secas em temperatura ambiente. Foram acondicionadas 5 g de material seco de cada espécie em dois tipos de litterbag, um com malha fina (0,5mm) e outro com malha grossa (4 mm), totalizando 100 litterbags. Os litterbags foram fixados em 5 pontos na lagoa e retirados em um intervalo de 4 em 4 dias. Em laboratório, os litterbags foram lavados com auxílio de peneira de malha de 0,2 μm. O material em decomposição foi triado e o restante foi seco em estufa para posterior cálculo de decaimento. Não houve diferença significativa nos atributos de comunidade, exceto quando o tempo foi aplicado como uma variável à análise. A decomposição foi similar nas duas espécies devido a ambas possuírem características semelhantes. Talvez, a proximidade filogenética entre as macrófitas possa ter gerado a similaridade dos resultados obtidos durante o experimento. O táxon mais observado durante o processo foi de Chironomidae e o processo de colonização ocorreu de forma muito semelhante para ambos os tratamentos. Os tipos de malhas mostraram resultados parecidos, pois podem não ter influenciado a colonização e a entrada dos macroinvertebrados durante o processo de decomposição. Desse modo, a colonização dos invertebrados não dependeu das espécies de macrófita e/ou tipo de malha. Por isso ressalta-se a importância de novos estudos para melhor direcionar questões voltadas para a colonização e quantificar a degradação da matéria orgânica relativa a espécies exóticas e nativas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Macroinvertebrados de água doce ; Colonização ; Lagos rasos ; Indicadores biológicos ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas ; Decomposição ; Ecologia de lagos rasos ; Processos ecossistêmicos ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::D::Decomposition ; ASFA_2015::C::Colonization ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 25pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-04-29
    Description: Moulin and Benedetti (2018), https://doi.org/10.1029/2018tc00495810.1029/2018tc004958 present a new interpretation of the Neogene-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Eastern Southern Alps (ESA) in Friuli. After the reinterpretation of literature field data by means of remote sensing analysis (Digital Elevation Model interpretation), they calculated deformation rates of the tectonic structures through age interpretation of geomorphological surfaces of the Veneto-Friuli piedmont plain. The authors linked the result of surface analysis to the thrust and fold architecture of the ESA basing on the Castellarin et al. (2006), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.013 interpretation of TRANSALP project and the Friuli geological map at the scale 1:150,000 (Carulli, 2006). Discussing their new architecture of the ESA, the Authors finally yielded rates of Europe-Adria plates convergence and suggest fragmentation of Adria over the last 1–2 Ma. The present comment is aimed at discussing several critical points concerning: the use of the geomorphological and chronological data; the misinterpretation of the Digital Terrain Model; the reconstruction of the balanced geological cross section. Moreover, the application of a structural model defined in a certain area to another without considering peculiar structural complexities available in the literature results is geologically and methodologically questionable.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2019TC005696
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Comment ; active tectonics ; NE Italy ; Eastern Southern Alps ; Geodynamics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-04-29
    Description: We carried out new geological, morphotectonic, geophysical and paleoseismological investigations on the Meduno Thrust that belongs to the Pliocene-Quaternary front of the eastern Southern Alps in Friuli (NE Italy). The study area is located in the Carnic Prealps, where a series of alluvial terraces, linked to both climatic and tectonic pulses characterises the lower reach of the Meduna Valley. In correspondence of the oblique ramp of the Meduno Thrust, the Late Pleistocene Rivalunga terrace shows a set of scarps perpendicular to the Meduno valley, often modified by human activity. In order to reconstruct the tectonic setting of the area and identify the location for digging paleoseismological trenches, integrated geophysical investigations including electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction and reflection, ground penetrating radar and surface wave analyses (HVSR, ReMi and MASW), were carried out across the scarps of the Rivalunga terrace. Geophysical surveys pinpointed that in correspondence of the oblique ramp, stress is accommodated by a transpressive thrust system involving all the seismo-stratigraphic horizons apart from the ploughed soil. Trenching illustrated the Meduno Thrust movements during Late Pleistocene-Holocene. Trenches exhibited both shear planes and extrados fracturing, showing deformed alluvial and colluvial units. 14C datings of the colluvial units show that the most recent fault movements occurred after 1360 CE and 1670 CE. The age of the deformed stratigraphic units compared with the earthquakes listed in current catalogues, suggests that the 1776 earthquake (Mw 5.8, Io = 8–9 MCS) could represent the last seismic event linked to the Meduno thrust activity. This study provided new quantitative constraints improving seismic hazard assessment for Carnic prealpine area.
    Description: The research developed in the framework of the agreement between the Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia - Direzione Centrale Ambiente ed Energia - Servizio Geologico, the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (I.S.P.R.A.) and the University of Udine. The project was funded by the Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Direzione Centrale Ambiente ed Energia, Servizio Geologico (C.I. G.: Z0E0C5EF75, p.i. Maria Eliana Poli).
    Description: Published
    Description: 229071
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active fault ; Paleoseismology ; Morphogenic earthquake ; Eastern Southern Alps ; Applied geophysics ; NE Italy ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Our knowledge of subsurface structures often derives from seismic velocities that are measured during seismic acquisition surveys. These velocities can greatly change due to lithological, fracture frequencies and/or effective pressure/temperature variations. However, the influence of such intrinsic lithological properties and environmental conditions at the large scale is poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive datasets. Here, we analyze 43 borehole-derived velocity datasets of 3 end-member tight carbonate sequences from Central Italy, including massive pure limestone (Calcare Massiccio, CM), thick-layered (20-50 cm) pure limestone (Maiolica, MA), and thin-layered (2-20 cm) marly limestone (Calcareous Scaglia, CS). Our results show that the main rock parameters and environmental conditions driving large scale velocity variations are bedding and paleostresses, while mineralogical composition and current tectonic stress also play a role. For each of the 3 end-members, measured VP values vary differently with depth, as the thin-layered CS units show a clear increase in Vp, while velocity slightly increases and remains constant for the thick-layered MA and massive CM units, respectively. Such observations show that velocities are affected by specific characteristics of lithological discontinuities, such as the thickness of bedding. Counterintuitively, larger Vp values were recorded in the deformed mountain range than in the undeformed foreland suggesting that higher paleo-stresses increase velocity values by enhancing diagenesis and healing of discontinuities. Our results thus demonstrate that large scale velocity variations are strictly related to variation of lithological properties and to the geological and tectonic history of an area. We suggest that such lithological and environmental controls should be taken into account when developing velocity and mechanical models for tectonically active regions of the Mediterranean Area, where earthquakes mostly nucleate and propagate through carbonate formations, and for resource exploration in fractured carbonate reservoirs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9472
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-02-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2022-02-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-02-22
    Description: The westernmost Mediterranean hosts part of the plate boundary between the European and African tectonic plates. Based on the scattered instrumental seismicity, this boundary has been traditionally interpreted as a wide zone of diffuse deformation. However, recent seismic images and seafloor mapping studies support that most of the plate convergence may be accommodated in a few tectonic structures, rather than in a broad region. Historical earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 〉 6 and historical tsunamis support that the low-to-moderate instrumental seismicity might also have led to underestimation of the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential of the area. We evaluate the largest active faults of the westernmost Mediterranean: the reverse Alboran Ridge, and the strike-slip Carboneras, Yusuf and Al-Idrissi fault systems. For the first time, we use a dense grid of modern seismic data to characterize the entire dimensions of the main fault systems, accurately describe the geometry of these structures and estimate their seismic source parameters. Tsunami scenarios have been tested based on 3D-surfaces and seismic source parameters, using both uniform and heterogeneous slip distributions. The comparison of our results with previous studies, based on limited information on the fault geometry and kinematics, indicates that accurate fault geometries and heterogeneous slip distributions are needed to properly assess the seismic and tsunamigenic potential in this area. Based on fault scaling relations, the four fault systems have a large seismogenic potential, being able to generate earthquakes with Mw 〉 7. The reverse Alboran Ridge Fault System has the largest tsunamigenic potential, being able to generate a tsunami wave amplitude greater than 3 m in front of the coasts of Southern Spain and Northern Africa.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106749
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Western Mediterranean ; Seismogenic potential ; Tsunamigenic potential ; Numerical modelling ; Active faults ; Active seismic data ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Seitdem Einweg-Plastikartikel wie Kunststofftüten und Strohhalme verboten wurden, sind Straßen und Strände sauberer geworden. Zudem wurde auch die öffentliche Diskussion über nachhaltigen Konsum intensiviert. Die Gesamtmenge an Kunststoff-Abfällen ließ sich mit "Plastikverboten" hingegen nicht signifikant reduzieren. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt der vorliegende Polyproblem-Report der gemeinnützigen Röchling Stiftung und des Beratungshauses Wider Sense in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Wuppertal Institut. Die Autor*innen haben die Wirkung staatlicher Verbote von Einweg-Plastikprodukten unter die Lupe genommen und die Erfahrungen aus Deutschland, Kenia und Kalifornien analysiert.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: We investigated the late Quaternary throw distribution of the main normal fault that ruptured during the Mw 6.5 2016 earthquake in central Italy by means of a high-resolution structure-from-motion (SfM)-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM). We focused on a key area along the Cordone del Vettore fault (CDV), which is part of the Vettore-Bove fault system (VBFS). The CDV displays a prominent compound post-glacial scarp that allowed the reconstruction of the along-strike cumulative throw distribution. We propose a geometric approach to calculate the CDV fault throw distribution from the reconstruction of a displaced glaciation-related erosional surface, used as a geomorphic marker, and a series of closely spaced cross profiles. The proposed calculation accounts for both the slip vector direction and the degraded scarp top, including field data on fault dip angles. Following this approach, we recognized two scarps with a minimum average fault throw of ~21 m and ~35 m for this section of the investigated fault strand. The correlation with the possible post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) deglaciation phases of the erosional surface suggests a minimum scarp age of 25–27 ka cal BP. Such an age provides a reasonable CDV fault throw rate of ~0.8 mm/a, comparable with known long-term throw rates of the VBFS and active Apennines normal faults. By comparing the reconstructed long-term Cordone del Vettore throw distribution with the 2016 coseismic one, ~24 2016-like surface faulting events are required to generate the main cumulative scarp, under the assumption of constant slip per event. This, along with the age of the scarp, yields an average earthquake recurrence time interval of ~1100 a. These results suggest the presence of multiple regional markers that correlates with different LGM (if not pre-LGM) major glacial phases, whose erosional processes allow the preservation of pre-existing bedrock fault scarp remnants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107784
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake ; surface rupture ; active tectonics ; geomorphology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Changbai Mountains intraplate volcanism (NE China) developed above the 500 km deep stagnant portion of the Pacific slab in the last 20 Ma. The more recent activity includes a shieldforming stage (2.8–0.3Ma), the Tianchi cone construction stage (1.5–0.01Ma), and a calderaforming stage (0.2Ma-present). Detailed studies on the petrogenesis of the volcanic products between the first two stages and the possible role of geodynamics and local tectonics in controlling the volcanism, however, are lacking. Here, we present structural and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data on Pleistocene dikes of the Changbai Mountains at the transition from the shield-forming to the Tianchi stage with the aim to constrain their age and the source(s) of their parental magma. The dikes represent the shallower feeding system of monogenetic cones and have a NW-SE strike, which is also the preferred strike of the major fault affecting the area and along which the Changbai Mountains monogenetic scoria cones align. The dikes have a potassic affinity and a trachybasaltic composition. Their zircon U–Pb age is 1.19–1.20Ma (Calabrian). The trachybasalts are enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, Pb, and LREE and slightly depleted in Sr, Zr, Hf, Ti, and HREE with a weak negative Eu/Eu* (δEu 0.96–0.97). Trace elements and isotopic compositions are compatiblewith anOIB-type source with an EMI signature. The calculated (87Sr/86Sr)i ( 0.705165–0.705324), (143Nd/ 144Nd)i ( 0.512552–0.512607, εNd(t) −0.58 to −1.65), and Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1768–1562 Ma suggest that the trachybasaltic dikes were contaminated by a Mesoproterozoic, relatively basic lower crust. The source of the Calabrian trachybasalts consists of asthenospheric melts modified by a subcontinental lithospheric mantle. These melts upwell from depth and stop at the crust-mantle interface where underplating processes favor the assimilation of ancient lower crust material. During the ascent to the surface along deep-seated crustal discontinuities, these magmas weakly differentiate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 729905
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Changbaishan ; mantle source ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The magma plumbing systems of volcanoes in subduction and divergent tectonic settings are relatively well known, whereas those of intraplate volcanoes remain elusive; robust geophysical information on the magma pathways and storage zones is lacking. We inverted magnetotelluric data to image the magma plumbing system of an intraplate monogenetic volcanic field located above the stagnant Pacific slab in northeast China. We identified a complex, vertically aligned, low-resistivity anomaly system extending from the asthenosphere to the surface consisting of reservoirs with finger- to lens-like geometries. We show that magma forms as CO2-rich melts in a 150-km-deep asthenospheric plume crossing the whole lithosphere as hydrated melt, inducing underplating at 50 km depth, evolving in crustal reservoirs, and erupting along dikes. Intraplate volcanoes are characterized by low degrees of melting and low magma supply rates. Their plumbing systems have a geometry not so different from that of volcanoes in subduction settings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1337–1342
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.04. Geology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Drainage basin-scale morphometric analysis and morphological evidence of tectonics represent helpful tools to evaluate and investigate morphoneotectonic processes in tectonically active regions. In this perspective, we applied an integrated analysis to the Abruzzo Periadriatic Area, between the Tronto and Sinello rivers (Central Italy). It involved morphometric analysis, structural geomorphological field mapping, and detailed analysis of fluvial terraces. Geomorphic indexes and markers (e.g., Irta, SL index, ksn, and knickpoints) were used in this study to detect the response of landscapes to drainage systems’ unsteadiness and tectonic deformation processes, possibly induced by the ongoing activity of the buried tectonic structures. Furthermore, the investigation of morphological field evidence of tectonics, integrated with the analysis of fluvial terraces’ spatial and temporal arrangement, was performed to assign relative, geomorphologically-based, age constraints of the landscape evolution. The resulting data allowed us to define domains affected by different morphostructural and morphoneotectonic processes, related to the impact and ongoing activity of the five detected families of structural elements (S1, F1, F2, F3, and F4), mainly characterized by compressive, extensional, and transtensive kinematics. Finally, this study could represent a scientific basis for integrating morphometric, fluvial, and tectonic geomorphology analysis to better define the main phases of the landscape evolution and the impact of morphoneotectonic processes on fluvial environments in uplifting piedmont areas.
    Description: This research was funded by Enrico Miccadei, grant provided by Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara.
    Description: Published
    Description: 397
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: drainage basins ; GIS analysis ; fluvial terraces ; morphotectonics ; Abruzzo Periadriatic Area ; Central Italy ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-01-11
    Description: Immersive virtual reality can potentially open up interesting geological sites to students, academics and others who may not have had the opportunity to visit such sites previously. We study how users perceive the usefulness of an immersive virtual reality approach applied to Earth Sciences teaching and communication. During nine immersive virtual reality-based events held in 2018 and 2019 in various locations (Vienna in Austria, Milan and Catania in Italy, Santorini in Greece), a large number of visitors had the opportunity to navigate, in immersive mode, across geological landscapes reconstructed by cutting-edge, unmanned aerial system-based photogrammetry techniques. The reconstructed virtual geological environments are specifically chosen virtual geosites, from Santorini (Greece), the North Volcanic Zone (Iceland), and Mt. Etna (Italy). Following the user experiences, we collected 459 questionnaires, with a large spread in participant age and cultural background. We find that the majority of respondents would be willing to repeat the immersive virtual reality experience, and importantly, most of the students and Earth Science academics who took part in the navigation confirmed the usefulness of this approach for geo-education purposes.
    Description: This research has been provided in the framework of the following projects: (i) the MIUR project ACPR15T4_00098–Argo3D (http://argo3d.unimib.it/ (accessed on 26 November 2021)); (ii) 3DTeLC Erasmus + Project 2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719 (http://www.3dtelc.com (accessed on 26 November 2021)); (iii) EGU 2018 Public Engagement Grant (https://www.egu.eu/outreach/peg/ (accessed on 26 November 2021)). Agisoft Metashape is acknowledged for photogrammetric data processing. This article is also an outcome of Project MIUR–Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022. Finally, this paper is an outcome of the Virtual Reality lab for Earth Sciences—GeoVires lab (https://geovires.unimib.it/ (accessed on 26 November 2021)). The work supports UNESCO IGCP 692 ‘Geoheritage for Resilience’.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: immersive virtual reality ; geology; ; photogrammetry; ; education; ; Iceland; ; Santorini ; Etna ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-01-10
    Description: Destructive geoscientific sampling can have ethical repercussions. It can disrupt archives of Earth’s history (see R. Butler Nature Geosci. 8, 817–818; 2015) and the management of landscapes and geological formations that have local cultural significance (see Nature Geosci. 14, 537; 2021). As members of the International Association for Promoting Geoethics, we suggest ways to ensure that geoscientific sampling and fieldwork are carried out ethically.
    Description: Published
    Description: 26
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geoethics ; geoscience fieldwork ; geosciences ; geology ; geological sampling ; geoheritage ; geodiversity ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-02-03
    Description: This work presents the first 3D geological model of the Rome coastal area that integrates available subsurface geological, stratigraphic and geophysical data with surface geochemical data obtained both from the literature and new surveys. The model provides new insights into the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the area and the geological factors controlling both natural and human-induced gas emissions. This sector of the Italian Tyrrhenian margin has been historically affected by natural emissions of deep CO2 and thermogenic CH4, stored in permeable layers but with local migration to the surface along buried normal faults. In addition to natural processes, human activities can also cause leakage and serious health risks, such as the abrupt gas release in August 2013, that was triggered by borehole drillings near the Rome international airport. The presented 3D reconstruction unveils the link between faults, stratigraphy, lithology and the distribution of the soil gas anomalies. It provides information about the depth of the reservoir that can potentially trap endogenous gases, and the location and geometry of the main faults along which the gas migrates towards the surface. Furthermore, reconstruction of the distribution and thickness of important clay layers better constrains the low permeable areas that prevent gas escape. The 3D model, coupled with the geochemical information, can serve as a useful tool for the local administration to perform land-use planning and manage the local geological and degassing hazards that affect this highly urbanized area near Rome. Furthermore, we estimate that the large amount of CO2 broadly released in the area also provides a contribution to the budget of natural greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106527
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 3D geological model ; Soil gas ; Active faults ; Surface degassing ; Geological hazards ; Tiber delta ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-01-26
    Description: Within the Shaping Digitalisation project, we aim to highlight and discuss the opportunities that digitalisation can bring to Germany. In particular, we are discussing three stand-out areas where action is most needed to achieve ecological transformation: mobility, the circular economy, and agriculture and food. This report addresses the second area in need of action. Up until now, discussions on the circular economy have been limited to recycling and the re-use of materials. We must expand the scope of these discussions to include new, resource-efficient business models and the comprehensive transformation of value chains and industrial structures. Our analysis has found that digitalisation is indispensable for this transformation if used properly. We hope this report will provide the impetus needed to kick-start a climate- and resource-friendly industrial transformation in Germany. Here, we have incorporated the findings of our interdisciplinary workshop on "Shaping the Digital-Ecological Industrial Transformation - Business Models and Political Framework Conditions for Climate and Resource Protection" that was attended by experts from international research institutes, civil organizations, public authorities, and private companies.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-09-15
    Description: We have mapped and constrained the timing of tectonically deformed uplifted Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines in the Messina Strait, southern Italy, an area above a subduction zone containing active normal faults. The palaeoshorelines are preserved from up to thirteen Late Quaternary sea-level highstands, providing a record of the deformation over this timescale (~500 ka) for the Messina-Taormina Fault, the Reggio Calabria Fault and the Armo Fault. The palaeoshorelines reveal spatial patterns of uplift through time along the strike of these normal faults, and, given the across strike arrangement of the faults, also reveal how the contribution of each fault to the regional strain-rate progressed through time. The results reveal that the uplift rates mapped within the fault hangingwalls and footwalls were not constant through time, with a marked change in the location of strain accumulation at ~50 ka. The uplift rates, once converted into throw-rates, imply that the three faults comprised similar throw-rates prior to ~50 ka (in the range 0.77–0.96 mm/yr), with the Armo and Reggio Calabria faults then switching to lower rates (0.32 mm/yr and 0.33 mm/yr respectively), whilst the Messina-Taormina Fault accelerated to 2.34 mm/yr. The regional extension rate, gained by summing the implied heave rates across the three faults, was maintained through time despite this re-organisation of local strain accumulation at ~50 ka. We explain these out-of-phase fault throw-rate changes during the constant-rate regional extension conditions as due to interactions between these upper plate normal faults. We finally discuss how fault throw-rates changing through time may affect a long-term seismic hazard assessment within active normal fault systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105432
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Marine terraces ; Uplift ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-09-15
    Description: Innovations in virtual reality (VR) technology have led to exciting possibilities in teaching earth sciences, allowing students to experience complex geological sites that, due to cost and logistical reasons, they would not normally be able to experience. The need for high quality online digital learning resources and blended learning was brought to the forefront during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as courses with a traditional physical field work component were forced to move online and provide alternatives to students. While it is unlikely that virtual field trips (VFT) would be accepted by students as a replacement of real-world fieldwork moving out of the pandemic, research shows promise that using IVR experiences can lead to enhanced learning outcomes in geosciences, warranting its inclusion on the curricula. This paper presents the outputs of a project to improve student learning in complex geological environments using VR. Here we outline a workflow that was developed to collect high resolution imagery using remote sensing to create digital outcrop models (DOM) of complex geological sites. Using this framework, this paper will then explore the use of VR for an investigation of the Husavik Triple Junction, a complex structural site in northern Iceland, explaining how the drone data was converted to a 3D DOM and demonstrating how VR can be used to simulate real world field mapping. Finally, we describe how these IVR activities have been integrated into taught modules at postgraduate level and discuss how the use of IVR experiences can complement existing geoscience curriculum design.
    Description: Erasmus+ Key Action 2 funded project 2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719 3DTeLC-Bringing the 3Dworld into the classroom: a new approach to Teaching, Learning and Communicating the science of geohazards in terrestrial and marine environments coordinated by M. Whitworth. (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/projects/eplus-projectdetails/#project/2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719and http://www.3dtelc.com) and the MIUR Project ACPR15T4_00098–Argo3D, coordinated by A. Tibaldi (http://argo3d.unimib.it/).
    Description: Published
    Description: 104681
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Virtual reality ; Geosciences ; Teaching ; Fieldwork ; Structural geology ; Digital outcrop model ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: We investigate crustal deformation within the upper plate of the Ionian Subduction Zone (ISZ) at different time scales by (i) refining geodetic rates of crustal extension from continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and (ii) mapping sequence of Late Quaternary raised marine terraces tectonically deformed by the West Crati normal fault, in northern Calabria. This region experienced damaging earthquakes in 1184 (M 6.75) and 1854 (M 6.3), possibly on the E-dipping West Crati fault (WCF) which, however, is not unanimously considered to be a seismogenic source. We report geodetic measurements of extension and strain rates across the strike of the E-dipping WCF and throughout the northern Calabria obtained by using velocities from 18 permanent GNSS stations with a series length longer than 4.5 years. These results suggest that crustal extension may be seismically accommodated in this region by a few normal faults. Furthermore, by applying a synchronous correlation approach, we refine the chronology of understudied tectonically deformed palaeoshorelines mapped on the footwall and along the strike of the WCF, facilitating calculation of the associated fault-controlled uplift rates. Raised Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines are preserved on the footwall of the WCF indicating that “regional” uplift, likely related to the deformation associated either with the subduction or mantle upwelling processes, is affected by local footwall uplift. We show that GIS-based elevations of Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines, as well as temporally constant uplift rates, vary along the strike of the WCF, implying normal faulting activity through time. This suggests that (i) the fault slip rate governing seismic hazard has also been constant over the Late Quaternary, over multiple earthquake cycles, and (ii) our geodetically derived fault throw rate for the WCF is likely a more than reasonable value to be used over longer time scales for an improved seismic hazard assessment. Overall, we emphasize the importance of mapping crustal deformation within the upper plate above subduction zones to avoid unreliable interpretations relating to the mechanism controlling regional uplift.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5303
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Marine terraces ; Earthquakes ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-11-18
    Description: Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA), H2020, grant agreements 730900.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Geology ; Earth sciences of Europe ; Earth sciences of Africa ; Earth sciences of Asia ; Earth Sciences and Geology ; earthquakes ; hazard model ; seismogenic faults ; slip rate ; crustal fault sources ; subduction fault sources ; Seismology ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: To refine knowledge about terrace phases and uplift history for a tectonically poor deformed region, we apply the synchronous correlation method to reconstruct the chronology of a poorly constrained sequence of raised palaeoshorelines on the Apulian foreland, southern Italy. This work uses new chronological constraints obtained by amino acid racemisation (AAR) and isoleucine/alloisoleucine epimerisation (IE) on Patella spp., Thetystrombus latus (Gmelin), Glycymeris sp., and ostracods and U-series dating on corals Hoplangia durotrix Gosse and Cladocora caespitosa Linneo. This procedure provides a quantitative estimate of the vertical movements and associated rates within a region of the Apulian foreland. The synchronous correlation method uses sea-level highstands and uplift rate(s) as inputs; in particular, for sea-level highstands, the inputs are the age of the highstands and the sea-level elevation of the highstands relative to the present-day sea level. The output is a set of currently expected elevations of each sea-level highstand (the present elevations of palaeoshorelines). We then used regression analysis to assess the robustness between our observed palaeoshorelines and expected elevations of sea-level highstands. Our results show that the best fitting scenario is obtained using the sea-level curves of (i) Waelbroeck et al. (2002) from present to 410 ky BP and (ii) Rohling et al. (2014) from 410 to 590 ky BP as inputs for our synchronous correlation method, with uplift rates ranging from 0.09 mm/y to 0.07 mm/y with a mean value of 0.08 mm/y from 590 ky BP onwards. We recognised palaeoshorelines in the field belonging to the following highstands: 120 ky BP (MIS 5.5, second peak), 127 ky BP (MIS 5.5, first peak), 212 ky BP (MIS 7.3), 330 ky BP (MIS 9.3), 410 (MIS 11), 525 ky BP (MIS 13.3), and 590 ky BP (MIS 15). Our results show field observations of the reoccupation effect of younger palaeoshorelines over older ones due to the relatively slow uplift rates measured in the investigated area as predicted by our synchronous correlation method. In particular, we show a well-mapped and described reoccupation of the MIS 5.5 palaeoshoreline over the MIS 7.3 palaeoshoreline, constrained by new absolute dating. In addition, the data from the Apulian foreland suggest an MIS 7.3 highstand close to the present sea level.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108530
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Uplift ; Marine terraces ; Absolute dating ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-11-25
    Description: Most of the methodologies used to validate complex strike-slip structures mainly rely on comparison with other well-known geological features or analogue laboratory models. This study adopts an approach based on the boundary element method at the regional scale to test the structural interpretation of a complex transpressional mountain range. Lebanon restraining bend represents the most prominent topographic transpressional feature along the Dead Sea Transform (DST). It consists of two mountain ranges: the Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon ranges. We built a 3D geometrical model of the fault surfaces based on previously studied natural examples, structural maps, satellite images, DEM interpretation and experimental analogue models of restraining bend or transpressional structures. Using a boundary element method, we modelled fault deformation response to the regional stress field. The simulation accurately predicts the shape and magnitude of positive and negative topographic changes and fault slip directions throughout the study area. We propose an original approach, which uses implementation of well-known fault geometries, surface and subsurface data, for structural validation in the complex strike-slip domain. Our results, validated by structural evidences, highlight that various structural styles lead to formation of Mt. Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon and Palmyrides structures. Furthermore, this simulation supports the hypothesis that the restraining bend of the DST formed in the widespread crustal weakness zone developed in the Late Jurassic to Early Createceous. We also propose recent Neogene tectonic evolution of the region based on our modelling and integrated with published U/Pb dating of fault zones and tectonostratigraphic evidence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 20071
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are studied using 36Cl cosmogenic dating, revealing out-of-phase periods of high or low surface slip-rate on neighboring structures that we interpret as earthquake clusters and anticlusters. Our calculations link stress transfer caused by slip averaged over clusters and anti-clusters on coupled fault/shear-zone structures to viscous flow laws. We show that (1) differential stress fluctuates during fault/shear-zone interactions, and (2) these fluctuations are of sufficient magnitude to produce changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that explain slip-rate changes on their overlying brittle faults. These results suggest that fault/shear-zone interactions are a plausible explanation for clustering, opening the path towards process-led seismic hazard assessments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7126
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Earthquake clustering ; 36-Chlorine ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 29
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Aquatic environments have been anthropically influenced over the years, mainly with the construction of dams and hydroelectric plants. However, few studies evaluate how the parasitic fauna can be influenced in the long term by these environmental changes. Possible changes in the composition of endoparasites of the invasive fish Trachelyopterus galeatus in the upper Paraná River floodplain were investigated over a 27-year study period. 79 fish were analyzed in period 1 (1993) and 31 in period 2 (2019/2020). In the first period, the fish showed higher values in the variables weight (g) and standard length (cm), when compared to period 2. A total of five species of endoparasites were found, three per period. Although the richness was the same, the composition of endoparasites differed between the periods, as only one species of digenetic (Microrchis oligovitellum) parasitized the host in both periods of study. It was found that both the development of the fish and its endoparasites were affected over time. It is noteworthy that the beginning of operation of the Porto Primavera dam, located upstream of the plain, occurred between the two sampling periods (1999), and caused several environmental changes, possibly being the main responsible for these changes in the parasitofauna. Most endoparasites require intermediate hosts to complete their life cycles. Therefore, a modified environment may lose diversity and ecological interactions, as it affects the populations they use during the transmission process between hosts. This may explain the difference found in the infracommunities of T. galeatus parasites, emphasizing, through the results obtained, the importance of including these organisms in studies that evaluate environmental impacts caused by anthropic actions
    Description: Ambientes aquáticos têm sido influenciado antropicamente ao longo dos anos, principalmente com a construção de barragens e usinas hidrelétricas. Contudo, poucos estudos avaliam como a fauna parasitária pode ser influenciada a longo prazo por essas mudanças ambientais. Investigou-se possíveis alterações na composição de endoparasitas do peixe invasor Trachelyopterus galeatus na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, em um intervalo de 27 anos de estudo. Foram analisados 79 peixes no período 1 (1993) e 31 no período 2 (2019/2020). No primeiro período, os peixes apresentaram maiores valores nas variáveis peso (g) e comprimento padrão (cm), quando comparados com o período 2. Encontrou-se um total de cinco espécies de endoparasitas, sendo três por período. Apesar da riqueza ter sido igual, a composição de endoparasitas diferiu entre os períodos, pois apenas uma espécie de digenético (Microrchis oligovitellum) parasitou o hospedeiro nos dois períodos de estudo. Constatou-se que tanto o desenvolvimento do peixe quanto seus endoparasitas foram afetados ao longo do tempo. Destaca-se que o início do funcionamento da barragem de Porto Primavera, localizada à montante da planície, ocorreu entre os dois períodos de amostragem (1999), e provocou diversas alterações ambientais, sendo, possivelmente, a principal responsável por essas mudanças da parasitofauna. A maioria dos endoparasitas requer hospedeiros intermediários para completar seus ciclos de vida. Portanto, um ambiente modificado, pode perder diversidade e interações ecológicas, visto que afeta as populações que eles utilizam durante o processo de transmissão entre hospedeiros. Isso pode explicar a diferença encontrada nas infracomunidades de parasitas de T. galeatus, enfatizando, por meio dos resultados obtidos, a importância de incluir esses organismos nos estudos que avaliam impactos ambientais causados por ações antrópicas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fauna endoparasitária (Platyhelminthes). ; Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) “cangati”. ; Peixes siluriformes. ; Parasitismo. ; Ecologia. ; Parasitismo em peixes de água doce. ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasitism ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-12-14
    Description: New constraints were set on the age of marine deposits in the Pontine Plain and of the related sea level indicators on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast of central Italy by twelve new 40Ar/39Ar dates on detrital sanidine from these deposits. By combining a new geomorphologic analysis and previous morpho-pedostratigraphic studies with these geochronological constraints we reconstructed the geometry of four marine terraces and correlated these with the highstands during the marine isotopic stages (MIS) 9.3, 7.5, 5.5 and 5.3. Results point to a progressive tilting of the terraces, the elevation increasing from the SE to the NW due to differential tectonic uplift that occurred over the last 300 ka. We identified a MIS 9 sea level at 30 - 25 m asl in the northwestern sector, whereas the MIS 7.5 sea level reached a maximum of 24 m asl in the NWand descended to 18 m asl in the central sector. Moderate tilting affected the MIS 5.5 sea level, with an elevation of 12 to 9.5 m asl in between the Anzio and Circeo headlands. Finally, an undeformed MIS 5.3 sea level at ca. 3 m asl is indicated throughout this coastal reach, confirming previous data suggesting a much higher absolute sea level during this highstand with respect to the d18O-derived predicted level.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107866
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Marine terraces ; MIS 5 sea level ; Pontine Plain ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: The success of biological invasions depends on overcoming environmental filters. After the filters are transposed and subsequently established, invasive species can reach high densities and cause impacts, such as loss of biodiversity and damage to the functioning of ecosystems. The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is an invasive bivalve in South America and presents high densities in invaded environments. It has a planktonic larval stage, divided into five stages, and an encrusting adult. The larval stage is considered the main propagule of the species. It is known that abiotic factors act differently on larval stages, as these present morphological and physiological differences. Some works shown the ability of L. fortunei to select groups and functional traits of phytoplankton species, but these studies are experimental and with adult representatives. Considering that larvae are the main propagule of the species, therefore, abiotic filters act primarily on them, we sought to (i) evaluate the population structure of L. fortunei larvae and its relationship with environmental factors in lotic environments in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River. In addition, considering that larvae can reach high density values, we also sought to (ii) identify the potential impacts of high larval densities on the taxonomic and functional diversity of phytoplankton, and their effects on ecosystem functioning. The results showed differences in the age pyramid between the evaluated environments, and found that most environmental filters act on the early larval stages. Among these filters, turbidity stands out. We also identified a negative effect of L. fortunei larval density on the functional and taxonomic diversity of the phytoplankton community. The effects of larval density on these facets of phytoplankton diversity resulted in indirect negative effects on the biomass stock of the community of these producers. It's expected that knowledge about the filters that control larval densities of L. fortunei can contribute to the control and management of the species, in order to avoid major impacts on the phytoplankton, and consequently, on the environment.
    Description: O sucesso das invasões biológicas depende da superação filtros ambientais. Após a transposição dos filtros e consequente estabelecimento, as espécies invasoras podem atingir altas densidades e ocasionar impactos, como perda de biodiversidade e prejuízos ao funcionamento dos ecossistemas. O mexilhão-dourado (Limnoperna fortunei) é um bivalve invasor na América do Sul e apresenta elevadas densidades nos ambientes invadidos. Apresenta fase larval planctônica, dividida em cinco estágios, e adulta incrustante. A fase larval é considerada o principal propágulo da espécie. É sabido que os fatores abióticos atuam diferentemente sobre os estágios larvais, dado que estes apresentam diferenças morfológicas e fisiológicas. Alguns trabalhos evidenciaram a capacidade de L. fortunei em selecionar grupos e traços funcionais das espécies de fitoplâncton, porém esses estudos são experimentais e com representantes adultos. Considerando que as larvas são o principal propágulo da espécie, logo, os filtros abióticos agem primariamente sobre elas e buscou-se (i) avaliar a estruturação populacional das larvas de L. fortunei e sua relação com os fatores ambientais em ambientes lóticos da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Ainda, considerando que as larvas podem atingir elevados valores de densidade também buscou-se (ii) identificar os potenciais impactos das altas densidades larvais sobre a diversidade taxonômica e funcional de fitoplâncton, e seus reflexos sobre o funcionamento ecossitêmico. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças na pirâmide etária entre os ambientes avaliados, e constatou-se que a maioria dos filtros ambientais age sobre os estágios larvais iniciais. Dentre esses filtros, destaca-se a turbidez. Também identificou-se o efeito negativo da densidade larval de L. fortunei sobre a diversidade funcional e taxonômica da comunidade de fitoplâncton. Os efeitos da densidade larval sobre essas facetas da diversidade do fitoplâncton resultaram em efeitos negativos indiretos sobre o estoque de biomassa da comunidade desses produtores. Espera-se que o conhecimento sobre os filtros que controlam as densidades larvais de L. fortunei possa contribuir para o controle e manejo da espécie, a fim de evitar maiores impactos sobre o fitoplancton, e consequentemente, sobre o ambiente.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) (Bivalve) "mexilhão-dourado" ; Moluscos límnicos invasores ; Bivalves límnicos invasores ; Larvas ; Invasores biológicos ; Diversidade taxonômica e funcional ; Filtros ambientais ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluskan larvae ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 75pp.
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  • 32
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: We describe seven new species of Physocypria sensu latu from three of the main Brazilian floodplains: Gen. 1 spec. A gen. et spec. nov. and Gen. 1 spec. B gen. et spec. nov. from the Upper Paraná River floodplain and the South Matogrossense Pantanal, Gen. 2 spec. C gen. et spec. nov., Gen. 1 spec. D gen. et spec. nov. and Gen. 2 spec. E gen. et spec. nov. from the South Matogrossense Pantanal only and Gen. 1 spec. F gen. et spec. nov. and Gen. 1 spec. G gen. et spec. nov. only from the Amazon River floodplain. All new species here described were found in sexual populations. Generally, the new species have a short and suboval carapace, with the left valve overlapping the right valve on all sides, except for the dorsal side in some species. The morphology of hemipenis and prehensile palps, together with the shape of the valves, were most important to distinguish the species. However, several other morphological characters from limb chaetotaxy are discussed, e.g., the absence in all new species of the short accompanying seta of the five natatory setae on antenna; the presence in all new species of a long seta next to the two a-seta on the first thoracopod and the presence/absence or length of specific setae on second and third thoracopod. We discuss the taxonomic position of the seven new species by evaluating the validity of extant genera, especially of Keysercypria Karanovic, 2011, and foreshadow that our seven new species represent two new genera of Cyclocypridinae.
    Description: Sete novas espécies de Physocypria sensu latu foram descritas de três das principais planícies brasileiras: Gen. 1 spec. A gen. et spec. nov. e Gen. 1 spec. B gen. et spec. nov. da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e do Pantanal Sul Matogrossense, Gen. 2 spec. C gen. et spec. nov., Gen. 1 spec. D gen. et spec. nov. e Gen. 2 spec. E gen. et spec. nov. somente do Pantanal Sul Matogrossense e Gen. 1 spec. F gen. et spec. nov. e Gen. 1 spec. G gen. et spec. nov. somente da planície de inundação do rio Amazonas. Todas as novas espécies aqui descritas foram encontradas em populações sexuadas. Em geral, as novas espécies têm uma carapaça curta e suboval, com a valva esquerda sobrepondo a valva direita em todos os lados, com exceção do lado dorsal em algumas espécies. A morfologia do hemipênis e dos palpos preênseis, juntamente com a forma das valvas, foram as mais importantes para distinguir as espécies. A ausência em todas as novas espécies das cerdas curtas que acompanham as cinco cerdas natatórias nas antenas; a presença em todas as novas espécies de uma cerda longa ao lado das duas a-cerdas no primeiro toracópode e a presença/ausência ou comprimento de cerdas específicas no segundo e terceiro toracópodes são características presentes nos apêndices utilizadas para distinção dos novos gêneros e espécies. Discutiu-se a posição taxonômica das sete novas espécies avaliando a validade dos gêneros existentes, especialmente da Keysercypria Karanovic, 2011, e concluiu-se que nossas sete novas espécies representam dois novos gêneros de Cyclocypridinae.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Physocypria sensu latu (Crustacea, Ostracoda) ; Candonidae ; Microcrustáceos de água doce ; Taxonomia descritiva ; Morfologia descritiva ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater crustaceans ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::M::Morphology (animal) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 115pp.
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  • 33
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-05
    Description: Biological invasions have been occurring at a faster pace as a result of anthropic actions. At the same time, climate change can increase invasion rates, and also favor invading organisms. One of the predictions for climate change is the increase in periods of drought, in some regions of the planet. In this way, environments that suffer from these disorders become more susceptible to invasion by aquatic plants, especially those that are adapted to different types of habitats. Within this context, the objectives were: (i) to determine the response of a native species (Hymenachne pernambucensis) and another invasive species (Urochloa arrecta) to extreme drought, and (ii) to test whether the interspecific competition between them is affected by stress caused by drought. An in situ experiment was carried out, in which the biomass and the length of the species were different for different levels of drought, in which the invasive species was superior to the native species. However, the intensity of relative competition had only different aerial biomass between species, but in this case the invasive species showed a preference for growth in monoculture than in polyculture. It was concluded, then, that the invasive species U. arrecta has greater resilience to droughts than the native species H. pernambucensis. However, the native species showed greater competitive ability. These results may explain the high dominance of this invasive species in the invaded sites, due to its better resistance to disturbances. In the same way, it demonstrates that native species can reduce the invasion rates of this species, considering that it does not grow well in the presence of neighbors.
    Description: Invasões biológicas vêm ocorrendo em um ritmo mais acelerado como resultado de ações antrópicas. Simultaneamente, as mudanças climáticas podem potencializar as taxas de invasão, e ainda favorecer organismos invasores. Uma das previsões para as mudanças climáticas é o aumento dos períodos de seca, em algumas regiões do planeta. Desta forma, ambientes que sofrem esses distúrbios se tornam mais suscetíveis à invasão por plantas aquáticas, em especial por aquelas que estão adaptadas a diversos tipos de habitats. Dentro deste contexto, os objetivos foram de: (i) determinar a resposta de uma espécie nativa (Hymenachne pernambucensis) e outra invasora (Urochloa arrecta) a uma seca extrema, e (ii) testar se a competição interespecífica entre ambas é afetada pelo estresse provocado pela seca. Foi realizado um experimento in situ, no qual a biomassa e o comprimento das espécies foram diferentes para diferentes níveis de seca, em que a espécie invasora foi superior a espécie nativa. Porém, a intensidade de competição relativa teve apenas a biomassa aérea diferente entre as espécies, mas nesse caso a espécie invasora demonstrou preferência por crescimento em monocultura do que em policultura. Concluiu-se, então, que a espécie invasora U. arrecta apresenta maior resiliência a secas do que a espécie nativa H. pernambucensis. Porém, a espécie nativa demonstrou maior habilidade competitiva. Esses resultados podem explicar a alta dominância dessa espécie invasora nos locais invadidos, devido a esta resistir melhor aos distúrbios. De mesmo modo, demonstra que espécies nativas podem reduzir as taxas de invasão dessa espécie, tendo em vista que ela não cresce bem na presença de vizinhos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Espécies invasoras ; Resiliência ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic plants ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater plants ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::R::Resilience (ecosystem) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 32pp.
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  • 34
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-30
    Description: Species are heterogeneously distributed and environmental changes, such as the construction of dams or extreme climate events, can modify the dynamics of aquatic organisms. Understanding the processes that drive diversity, across long time periods, can help in the establishment of increasingly accurate conservation measures. This thesis evaluated the patterns of β diversity and metacommunity structure at different spatial and temporal scales in three independent studies in the Upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. The first analyzed the seasonal variation of zooplankton β and Elements of Metacommunity Structure [EMS] of zooplankton, over four years (two years of prolonged drought and two years of extreme flooding), and on a smaller (sub-basins) and a larger scale (floodplain). Regardless of the hydrological period and spatial scale, zooplanktonic metacommunity structure remained practically constant throughout the four years, with the predominance of the Clementsian pattern. The predominance of the Clementsian pattern suggests that the associations of zooplankton species in the floodplain responded similarly to the environmental gradient and that the responses differed among species groups. In the second, the taxonomic (LCBD-t) and functional (LCBD-f) ecological uniqueness of zooplankton over 19 years was determined in lakes and lotic systems of two sub-basins (dammed and free-flowing), in addition to investigating which processes (temporal, environmental and biological) drive LCBD-t and LCBD-f. Regardless of the characteristics of each sub-basin, the highest LCBD-t and LCBD-f were related to lower species and trait richness, respectively. The temporal processes were the main drivers of the ecological uniqueness of zooplankton, and they were more important than the biological processes (phytoplankton biovolume and fish biomass, representing food resource and potential predation, respectively). Finally, it was tested whether, in a dammed sub-basin, a prolonged drought makes aquatic metacommunities (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish) more similar over time than a period that includes extreme flood events. Only zooplankton underwent homogenization during this period. The β diversity of phytoplankton and fish did not change between different hydrological periods, indicating that the dispersion type (passive or active) does not interfere with drought homogenization. The response between the biological groups was different, reinforcing that the groups are not surrogates of each other. The greater β diversity in the period with extreme floods shows, at least for zooplankton, the importance of the flood pulse, reducing the negative effects of prolonged drought in a dammed sub-basin. The results showed the predominance of a metacommunity pattern resulting from high turnover (Clementsian), indicating that conservation measures should include a greater number of sites, including those with less richness, as they may have a different composition (〉 LCBD). We also emphasize the importance of considering different scales, as each can provide unique insights. It is important that biodiversity studies consider β diversity to understand the mechanisms that drive the metacommunity in the face of environmental changes, especially over longer time scales.
    Description: As espécies estão distribuídas de forma heterogênea e alterações ambientais, como a construção de reservatórios ou eventos climáticos extremos, podem modificar a dinâmica dos organismos aquáticos. Entender os processos que impulsionam a diversidade, em longos períodos de tempo, pode auxiliar no estabelecimento de medidas de conservação cada vez mais precisas. Esta tese avaliou os padrões de diversidade β e estrutura de metacomunidade em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais em três estudos independentes na planície de inundação do Alto rio Paraná, Brasil. No primeiro foi analisado a variação sazonal da diversidade β e Elementos da Estrutura da Metacomunidade [EMS] do zooplâncton, durante quatro anos (dois anos de seca prolongada e dois anos com inundação extrema), e em uma menor (sub-bacias) e maior escala (planície de inundação). Independente do período hidrológico e da escala, a estrutura da metacomunidade do zooplâncton se manteve praticamente constante ao longo dos quatro anos, com predomínio do padrão Clementsiano. A predominância desse padrão sugere que as associações de espécies responderam de forma semelhante ao gradiente ambiental e que as respostas diferiram entre os grupos de espécies. No segundo foi determinado a singularidade ecológica taxonômica (LCBD-t) e funcional (LCBD-f) do zooplâncton ao longo de 19 anos em lagos e sistemas lóticos de duas sub-bacias (represada e não represada), além de investigar quais processos (temporais, ambientais e biológicos) impulsionam a LCBD-t e LCBD-f. Independentemente das características de cada sub-bacia, os maiores LCBD-t e LCBD-f foram relacionados a menor riqueza de espécies e de traços, respectivamente. Os processos temporais foram os principais impulsionadores da singularidade ecológica do zooplâncton, sendo mais importante do que os processos biológicos (biovolume do fitoplâncton e biomassa dos peixes, representando recurso alimentar e potencial predador, respectivamente). Por último, foi testado se em uma sub-bacia represada, um período de seca prolongada torna as comunidades aquáticas (fitoplâncton, zooplâncton e peixes) mais semelhantes ao longo do tempo do que um período com inundações extremas. Apenas o zooplâncton sofreu homogeneização nesse período. A diversidade β do fitoplâncton e dos peixes não diferiu entre os períodos hidrológicos, indicando que o tipo de dispersão (passivo ou ativo) não interfere na homogeneização da seca. Como a resposta entre os grupos biológicos foi diferente, sugere-se que os grupos não são substitutos uns dos outros. A maior diversidade β no período com inundações extremas mostra, pelo menos para o zooplâncton, a importância do pulso de inundação, reduzindo os efeitos negativos da seca prolongada em uma sub-bacia represada. Os resultados mostraram a predominância de um padrão de metacomunidade resultante de alto turnover (Clementsiano), indicando que medidas de conservação devem incluir um maior número de locais, inclusive aqueles com menor riqueza, uma vez que podem ter composição distinta (〉 LCBD). Reforçamos também a importância de considerar diferentes escalas, uma vez que cada uma pode fornecer insights exclusivos. É importante que estudos de biodiversidade considerem a diversidade β para compreender os mecanismos que impulsionam as metacomunidade diante das alterações ambientais, especialmente em escalas temporais mais longas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Ecossistemas aquáticos continentais ; Metacomunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade-beta ; Traços funcionais ; Escala espaço-temporal ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystem diversity ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations ; ASFA_2015::S::Spatial variations ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 186pp.
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  • 35
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: The patterns and processes that cause a system of regionalization of organisms on the planet are historical and ecological hypotheses that biogeography seeks to elucidate. The Neotropical region is home to one of the greatest richness of freshwater fish in the world that exhibit distinct biogeographic patterns based on ecology, systematics, and evolution. Through methodologies within the scope of historical and/or ecological biogeography, the aims of this study are to present new approaches and contributions to the knowledge of the geographic distribution of freshwater fish in this region, investigating the evolutionary biogeography of Cnesterodontini and Anablepidae, as well as the spatial patterns of ichthyofauna beta-diversity in the Ivaí river basin, Paraná State. The results highlighted well-defined scenarios of the hydrological barriers formation, mainly between coastal basins and drainages that flow into the La Plata River system in South America. These findings enabled congruent relationships of biogeographic areas within the proposals for evolutionary diversification to the Neotropical freshwater fishes. Furthermore, dispersal events caused by headwater captures and sea-level changes satisfactorily complemented the biogeographic patterns and area relationships evidenced for other Neotropical fish lineages, showing similar diversification patterns in the Central Brazil drainages and in the Atlantic coast drainages. The results also showed strong spatial segregation of the ichthyofauna throughout the Ivaí River basin (upper Paraná River system) with emphasis on the mutual influences of niche- and dispersal-based processes. These findings can support new theoretical and methodological references for the main mechanisms and patterns specific to the metacommunities of aquatic organisms. Applying the results herein obtained in historical and ecological consonance has great potential to aid an effective management for the conservation of freshwater fish diversity, whether considering lineages with species at high risk of extinction or even river basins of fundamental importance for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functionality in continental aquatic environments.
    Description: Os padrões e processos que ocasionam um sistema de regionalização dos organismos no planeta são hipóteses históricas e ecológicas que a biogeografia busca elucidar. A região Neotropical abriga uma das maiores riquezas de peixes de água doce do mundo, os quais exibem padrões biogeográficos distintos baseados na ecologia, sistemática e evolução. Por intermédio de metodologias dentro do escopo da biogeografia histórica e/ou ecológica, os objetivos deste estudo são apresentar novas abordagens e contribuições ao conhecimento da distribuição geográfica dos peixes de água doce nesta região ao investigar a biogeografia evolutiva de Cnesterodontini e Anablepidae, bem como os padrões espaciais da diversidade beta da ictiofauna na bacia do rio Ivaí, estado do Paraná. Os resultados destacaram cenários bem definidos da formação de barreiras hidrológicas, principalmente entre bacias hidrográficas costeiras e drenagens que fluem para o sistema do rio da Prata na América do Sul. Essas descobertas possibilitaram congruentes relacionamentos de áreas biogeográficas dentro das propostas de diversificação evolutiva à ictiofauna neotropical. Ainda, eventos de dispersão ocasionados por capturas de cabeceiras e mudanças no nível do mar complementaram satisfatoriamente os padrões biogeográficos e os relacionamentos de áreas evidenciados para outras linhagens de peixes neotropicais, apresentando padrões de diversificação semelhantes nas drenagens do Brasil Central e nas drenagens da costa atlântica. Os resultados também evidenciaram forte segregação espacial da ictiofauna ao longo da extensão da bacia do rio Ivaí (sistema do alto rio Paraná), com destaques às influências mútuas de processos baseados em nicho e dispersão. As novas descobertas podem subsidiar referenciais teóricos e metodológicos para os principais mecanismos e padrões específicos às metacomunidades de organismos aquáticos. A aplicação dos resultados aqui obtidos em consonância histórica e ecológica tem grande potencial ao auxílio de um manejo eficaz para a conservação da diversidade de peixes de água doce, seja considerando linhagens com espécies enquadradas em elevado risco de extinção, ou até mesmo bacias hidrográficas de fundamental importância para a manutenção da biodiversidade e funcionalidade ecossistêmica em ambientes aquáticos continentais.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) "Onesided livebearer" ; Cnesterodontini (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) ; Peixes de água doce de pequeno porte ; Biogeografia cladística e conservação ; Ictiofauna Neotropical ; Metacomunidades aquáticas ; Áreas prioritárias ; Padrões de diversidade beta ; Linhagem marinha ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography ; ASFA_2015::C::Cladistics ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 161pp.
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  • 36
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: The assessment of sustainable development in sub-watersheds plays a central role in rationalizing the decisions taken. A promising form of average indicators of this development is through indicators, and when many are used, they are usually aggregated into indices, which provide a simplified and multidimensional view of the system under analysis. Several sustainability indices for watersheds are proposed in the literature. However, incorporation of extraordinary indicators, that biodiversity, a gap is still a major upgrade. Therefore, the use of biodiversity indicators as representative of the environmental dimension constitutes an advance on the indices presented in the literature recently. The objective was to evaluate the sustainability gradient in the hydrographic basins of the Upper Paraná River, through an eco-environmental sustainability index of hydrographic sub-basins (ISE-sb) that incorporates protected ecological. For this purpose, the indicators selected based on the propositions of Agenda 2030 were identified in four dimensions of sustainability, economic, economic, environmental and thought through a process of sustainability: normal and social. Then, the importance of the indicators was considered, using the multi-criteria analysis based on the Hierarchical Process Analysis (HP) method. The ISE-sb was calculated by means of the weighted media between the sub-indices that represent as dimensions. Finally, we apply the Gi* statistic to identify hotspots and coldspots. The results show that among the dimensions of sustainability, the highest was the one that presented a positive amount of low values. The regions located in the eastern portion, or serra do mar, southern portion, and the Federal District formed sustainability hotspots, while the sub-basins located in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais formed the sustainability coldposts. A sustainable spatial planning of the hydrographic sub-basins is recommended, adopting cold areas as priorities for sustainability. It highlights the main methodological limitation, a potential reproducibility of the tool in other spaces.
    Description: A avaliação do desenvolvimento sustentável em sub-bacias hidrográficas tem um papel central na racionalização das tomadas de decisões. Uma forma promissora de medir esse desenvolvimento, é por meio de indicadores, e quando muitos indicadores são usados, eles são usualmente agregados em índices, que fornecem uma visão simplificadae multidimensional do sistema em análise. Diversos índices de sustentabilidade para bacias hidrográficas são propostos na literatura. Entretanto, a incorporação de indicadores ecológicos aquáticos, que agreguem aspectos da biodiversidade é, ainda, uma lacuna ainda a ser preenchida. Portanto, a utilização de indicadores de biodiversidade como representantes da dimensão ambiental, se constitui em um avanço aos índices recentemente apresentados na literatura. O objetivo ,foi avaliar o gradiente de sustentabilidade nas bacias hidrográficas do alto rio Paraná, por meio de um índice de sustentabilidade ecoambiental de sub-bacias (ISE-sb) que incorpora indicadores ecológicos aquáticos. Com esse propósito, os indicadores selecionados com base nas proposições da Agenda 2030, foram divididos em quatro dimensões de sustentabilidade: social, econômica, ecoambiental e ambiental negativo, e passaram por um processo de normalização e filtragem. Em seguida, foi ponderada a importância dos indicadores, utilizando-se da análise de multicritério baseada no método Análise de Processos Hierárquicos (AHP).O ISE-sb foi calculado por meio da média ponderada entre os subíndices que representam as dimensões. Por fim aplicamos a estatística espacial Gi* para identificar agrupamentos de hotspots e coldspots. Os resultados mostram que entre as dimensões da sustentabilidade, aquela que apresentou a maior quantidade de valores baixos, foia ambiental positiva. As regiões localizadas na porção leste, ou serra do mar, porção sul, e o Distrito Federal formaram hotspots de sustentabilidade, enquanto que as sub-bacias localizadas nos estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul e Minas Gerais formaram os coldposts de sustentabilidade. Recomenda-se um planejamento espacial sustentável das sub-bacias hidrográficas, adotando as áreas de coldspots como prioritárias para sustentabilidade. Evidencia a principal limitação metodológica, a potencial reprodutibilidade da ferramenta em outros espaços.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Bacias hidrográficas ; Ecologia ; Manejo ; Conservação e preservação ; Sustentabilidade ; Biomonitoramento ; Ictiofauna ; Monitoramento ; Indicadores ambientais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::M::Management ; ASFA_2015::S::Sustainability ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::H::Hot spots
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 70pp.
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  • 37
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: Human activities have caused degradation of aquatic ecosystems and reduced biodiversity. The dams in particular directly impact the spatial and temporal variation of aquatic communities, and especially the phytoplankton community that responds quickly and efficiently to changes in the environment. The impact of a dam in an Amazon river (Jirau Hydroelectric Power Plant) on the spatial and temporal variation of the composition (beta diversity) of phytoplankton was investigated, from October 2009 to July 2017. The hypothesis was tested that the bus modifies beta diversity on a local and regional scale, and alters each location's contribution to beta diversity. The contribution of the sites to the beta diversity was evaluated as a function of the distance from the bus and the environmental heterogeneity. The phytoplankton composition was different between the phases before, fill and after the damming. Biotic homogenization was verified in the tributaries closest to the dam. The more distant sites presented greater contribution to diversity, but were associated with lower values of richness. The dam caused unidirectional changes, locally and regionally, that is, the community moved to a new state over time, and also caused biotic homogenization locally. The impact of the dam was observed only on the tributaries, indicating that run-of-river dams have a greater impact on the tributaries than on the main channel.
    Description: As atividades humanas têm causado degradação dos ecossistemas aquáticos e reduz a biodiversidade. Os barramentos em especial, impactam diretamente a variação espacial e temporal das comunidades aquáticas, e especialmente a comunidade fitoplanctônica que responde de forma rápida e eficiente às mudanças do ambiente. Investigou-se o impacto de um barramento em um rio amazônico (Usina Hidrelétrica de Jirau) sobre a variação espacial e temporal da composição (diversidade beta) do fitoplâncton, no período de outubro de 2009 a julho de 2017. Foi testado a hipótese de que o barramento modifica a diversidade beta em escala local e regional, e altera a contribuição de cada local à diversidade beta. Avaliou-se a contribuição dos locais para a diversidade beta em função da distância do barramento e da heterogeneidade ambiental. A composição fitoplanctônica foi diferente entre as fases antes, enchimento e após o barramento. Verificou-se homogeneização biótica nos tributários mais próximos a barragem. Os locais mais distantes apresentaram maior contribuição a diversidade, mas foram associados a menores valores de riqueza. O barramento causou mudanças unidirecionais, localmente e regionalmente, ou seja, a comunidade passou para um novo estado ao longo do tempo, e também causou homogeneização biótica localmente. Observou-se o impacto do barramento somente nos tributários, indicando que as barragens a fio de água têm maior impacto nos tributários do que no canal principal.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Barramento ; Impactos antrópicos ; Diversidade beta ; Homogeneização biótica ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::B::Biotic environment ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2022-06-10
    Description: Quaternary continental deposits record spatio-temporal changes of the landscape and offer insights for drainage network analysis and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. This paper focuses on the Turano River, a left tributary of the Velino River, which flows in the southwestern Abruzzo area at the boundary with Lazio Region. Its basin preserves lithological and morphological field evidence particularly suitable for reconstructing the long-term geomorphological evolution of the Central Apennines and the drainage network development. In detail, the Turano River was investigated through a drainage basin-scale analysis incorporating morphometric analysis, field mapping, continental deposits analysis, and integrated drainage network analysis. This approach allowed us to define a drainage network reversal process, clearly highlighted by the spatial arrangement of continental deposits, spanning from Upper Pliocene to Holocene. The results also indicated tectonic activity as the main factor driving incision and river inversion processes. The work contributes to identifying and describing the main steps of the Quaternary landscape evolution of this mountainous catchment and its morphoneotectonic framework. Therefore, it could represent a methodological tool for multidisciplinary studies in similar mountainous catchments to support any territorial planning activity, from large infrastructure localization (i.e., artificial dams) to sustainable land management
    Description: This research and the APC were funded by Enrico Miccadei, grant provided by Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara
    Description: Published
    Description: 245
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Plio-Pleistocene continental deposits ; tectonics ; paleo-drainage ; landscape evolution ; Turano River ; Central Apennines ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2022-09-01
    Description: We studied the Zuccale Fault (ZF) on Elba, part of the Northern Apennines, to unravel the complex deformation history that is responsible for the remarkable architectural complexity of the fault. The ZF is characterized by a patchwork of at least six distinct, now tightly juxtaposed brittle structural facies (BSF), i.e. volumes of deformed rock characterized by a given fault rock type, texture, colour, composition, and age of formation. ZF fault rocks vary from massive cataclasite to foliated ultracataclasite, from clay-rich gouge to highly sheared talc phyllonite. Understanding the current spatial juxtaposition of these BSFs requires tight constraints on their age of formation during the ZF lifespan to integrate current fault geometries and characteristics over the time dimension of faulting. We present new K–Ar gouge dates obtained from three samples from two different BSFs. Two top-to-the-east foliated gouge and talc phyllonite samples document faulting in the Aquitanian (ca. 22 Ma), constraining east-vergent shearing along the ZF already in the earliest Miocene. A third sample constrains later faulting along the exclusively brittle, flat-lying principal slip surface to 〈 ca. 5 Ma. The new structural and geochronological results reveal an unexpectedly long faulting history spanning a ca. 20 Myr time interval in the framework of the evolution of the Northern Apennines. The current fault architecture is highly heterogeneous as it formed at very different times under different conditions during this prolonged history. We propose that the ZF started as an Aquitanian thrust that then became selectively reactivated by early Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusting during the progressive structuring of the Northern Apennine wedge. These results require the critical analysis of existing geodynamic models and call for alternative scenarios of continuous convergence between the late Oligocene and the early Pliocene with a major intervening phase of extension in the middle Miocene allowing for the isostatic re-equilibration of the Northern Apennine wedge. Extension started again in the Pliocene and is still active in the innermost portion of the Northern Apennines. In general terms, long-lived, mature faults can be very architecturally complex. Their unravelling, including understanding the dynamic evolution of their mechanical properties, requires a multidisciplinary approach combining detailed structural analyses with dating the deformation events recorded by the complex internal architecture, which is a phenomenal archive of faulting and faulting conditions through time and space.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1327–1351
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fault Zone Architecture ; Brittle Fabrics ; Fault Evolution ; K-Ar ages ; Elba Island ; Northern Apennines ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2022-10-10
    Description: The introduction of a Digital Product Passport (DPP) is an opportunity to create a system that can store and share all relevant information throughout a product's life cycle. This would provide industry stakeholders, businesses, public authorities and consumers with a better understanding of the materials used in the product as well as their embodied environmental impact. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the cost-of-living crisis, now is a critical moment to transform our economic and business models, while also addressing the huge scale of material emissions. DPPs can be a pivotal policy instrument in this goal. Furthermore, DPPs can accelerate the twin green and digital transitions as part of EU efforts to deliver positive climate action and sustainable economies. In 2020, the European Commission (EC) adopted a new Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), which emphasised the need for circular economy initiatives to consider the entire life cycle of products, from the production of basic materials to end-of-life disposal. The Circular Economy Package published in March 2022 includes a proposal for an Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), which builds upon the Ecodesign Directive that covers energy-related products. A DPP will form a key regulatory element of the ESPR by enhancing the traceability of products and their components. This will provide consumers and manufacturers with the information needed to make better informed choices by taking their environmental impact into consideration. As discussed in the report, there is widespread agreement amongst business leaders that a well-designed DPP could have both short- and longer-term benefits, improving access to reliable and comparable product sustainability information for businesses, consumers and policymakers. A well-designed DPP can unify information, making it more readily accessible to all actors in the supply chain. This will support businesses to ensure an effective transformation towards a decarbonised industry. It could also create incentives for companies to make their products more sustainable, as improving access to reliable and consistent information across supply chains will make it easier for customers to make comparisons.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 41
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-06
    Description: Invasive species can have many negative impacts on the biodiversity, ecosystem services, human health and the economy, and therefore need to be managed. An amphibious weed of global importance, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the macroecological patterns of its biological control were evaluated using one of its main specialist herbivores, Agasicles hygrophila. This was considered the first successful case of biological control of an aquatic plant, although it is not equally effective on a global scale. Due to their different environmental tolerances and the greater phenotypic plasticity of the plant, the distribution of both species do not always overlap in the globe, creating geographic variability in the efficiency of biocontrol. The first approach was to analyze the current global potential distribution of A. philoxeroides and A. hygrophila to seek the areas of overlaps and gaps between them. The overlapping areas would be the most relevant for using A. hygrophila as alligator weed biological control in the globe. However, in response of climate change, it seems that the alligator weed is worryingly spreading across the globe, which can worsen in future scenarios and alter its distribution in the next decades. The second approach evaluated the effects of climate change on the global distribution of A. philoxeroides and A. hygrophila. New distribution areas for both species in future global warming scenarios and new overlapping and non-overlapping areas across the globe were identified. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) were applied in both chapters to predict the potential distribution of the two species in present and future scenarios considering different environmental predictors in each one. Currently, the southeast coast of the USA, southeast China and New South Wales, Australia are the most favorable areas in the world to apply alligator weed biocontrol, while the west coast and mid-latitudes in the east of the USA and the eastern Australia are not favorable. The results were corroborated by reports in the literature that demonstrated successful control in overlapping areas and failures in non-overlapping areas of the models’ distributions. However, while general geographic patterns will hold in future scenarios, it is predicted a major northward expansion of the alligator weed, but not of the insect, especially in the USA, Canada, Europe, China, South Korea and Japan, which will create a new zone of low or no control efficiency at higher latitudes. These macroecological patterns will help direct efforts to apply the biological control for the alligator weed not only today, but also in future climate change scenarios.
    Description: Espécies invasoras podem causar muitos impactos negativos na biodiversidade, nos serviços ecossistêmicos, na saúde humana e na economia e, portanto, precisam ser manejadas. Avaliou-se uma erva daninha anfíbia de importância global, Alternanthera philoxeroides, e nos padrões macroecológicos de seu controle biológico usando um de seus principais herbívoros especialistas, Agasicles hygrophila. Este foi considerado o primeiro caso bem sucedido de controle biológico de uma macrófita, embora não seja igualmente eficaz em escala global. Devido às suas diferentes tolerâncias ambientais e à maior plasticidade fenotípica da planta, a distribuição de ambas as espécies nem sempre se sobrepõe no globo, criando variabilidade geográfica na eficiência do biocontrole. O primeiro enfoque foi analisar a distribuição potencial global atual de A. philoxeroides e A. hygrophila para buscar as áreas de sobreposição e não sobreposição entre elas. As áreas sobrepostas seriam as mais relevantes para o uso de A. hygrophila como controle biológico da erva-de-jacaré no globo. Entretanto, em resposta às mudanças climáticas, a erva-de-jacaré está se expandindo de forma preocupante pelo globo, o que pode agravar em cenários futuros e alterar sua distribuição nas próximas décadas. O segundo enfoque avaliou-se os efeitos das mudanças climáticas na distribuição global de A. philoxeroides e A. hygrophila. Identificou-se as novas áreas de distribuição para ambas as espécies em cenários futuros de aquecimento global e as novas áreas sobrepostas e não sobrepostas em todo o globo. Modelos de Distribuição de Espécies (MDEs) foram aplicados em ambas as abordagens para predizer a distribuição potencial das duas espécies em cenários presentes e futuros considerando diferentes preditores ambientais em cada um. Atualmente, a costa sudeste dos EUA, sudeste da China e Sidnei, Austrália, são as áreas mais favoráveis no mundo para aplicar o biocontrole da erva-de-jacaré, enquanto a costa oeste e latitudes médias no leste dos EUA e no leste da Austrália não são favoráveis. Os resultados foram corroborados por relatos na literatura que demonstraram controle bem-sucedido em áreas sobrepostas e mal-sucedido em áreas não sobrepostas das distribuições dos modelos. Entretanto, embora os padrões geográficos gerais se mantenham em cenários futuros, é prevista uma grande expansão da erva-de-jacaré, mas não do inseto, para o norte, especialmente nos EUA, Canadá, Europa, China, Coreia do Sul e Japão, o que criará uma nova zona de baixa ou nenhuma eficiência de controle em latitudes mais altas. Esses padrões macroecológicos ajudarão a direcionar os esforços para aplicar o controle biológico da erva-de-jacaré não apenas atualmente, mas também em cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Amaranthaceae) “erva-de-jacaré” ; Plantas aquáticas invasoras ; Macrófitas aquáticas de água doce ; Insetos especialistas ; Herbivoria ; Controle biológico ; Mudanças climáticas ; Macroecologia ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic plants ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic insects ; ASFA_2015::B::Biological control ; ASFA_2015::I::Insects (aquatic) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::H::Herbivores
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 76pp.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 43
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-11
    Description: The industrial advance of Europe between the 19th and 20th centuries resulted in major environmental impacts. Among these impacts, the deposition of acid compounds through acid rain stands out, and this phenomenon led to the acidification of water bodies. However, from the 1980s on, with the application of stricter environmental regulations, a gradual recovery of abiotic parameters began, including pH values, which began to return to less acidic ranges. Thus, we investigated the responses of the benthic community to the gradual recovery of abiotic variables after years of intense acidification, analyzing changes in community structure and, specifically, variations in beta diversity. The study was developed with data from streams in Wales, collected and provided by two research projects that monitor the region's water bodies. The streams were classified according to abiotic characteristics and the surrounding vegetation (Acid Forest, Acid Moorland and Circumneutral Moorland). In the first approach, the community of 69 streams was analyzed, testing whether (i) the composition of macroinvertebrate communities differed among the types of environments and years analyzed; and whether (ii) in early years beta diversity among streams was lower than in more recent years, as well as in streams of a more acidic category. Samples were collected in 1984, 1995, and 2012, with the earliest year under the greatest influence of acidification. A segregation in macroinvertebrate composition was observed between 1984 and the other years, and this difference in community composition between the years suggests that environmental recovery with rising pH values, allowed the entry and establishment of new macroinvertebrate species in the streams. The lowest beta diversity value was also observed in 1984, indicating biotic homogenization in this period and an increase in community dissimilarity over time. In the second approach, we investigated the hypothesis that a gradual increase in temporal beta diversity (TBI) values occurs over time. This was done by sampling eight streams in Wales over the period 1985 to 2018, and comparing beta diversity between the reference year 1985 with all other years. There was an increase in TBI values over the years for all environments, showing evidence of biological recovery concomitant with restoration of abiotic values. The results contributed to the understanding that the biotic community also responds to environmental recovery, and there are different ways to evaluate this process, such as beta diversity. The importance of long-term research is emphasized so that such changes can be monitored.
    Description: O avanço industrial da Europa entre os séculos XIX e XX resultou em grandes impactos ambientais. Dentre esses impactos, destaca-se a deposição de compostos ácidos através da chuva ácida, e tal fenômeno levou à acidificação de corpos d’água. Contudo, a partir da década de 1980, com a aplicação de normas ambientais mais rígidas, teve início uma recuperação gradual dos parâmetros abióticos, incluindo os valores de pH, que começaram a retornar para faixas menos ácidas. Investigou-se as respostas da comunidade bentônica diante da recuperação gradual das variáveis abióticas após anos de intensa acidificação, analisando mudanças na estrutura da comunidade e, especificamente, as variações da diversidade beta. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos com dados de riachos do País de Gales, coletados e cedidos por dois projetos de pesquisas galeses que monitoram os corpos aquáticos da região, sendo os riachos classificados de acordo com as características abióticas e da vegetação do entorno (Acid Forest, Acid Moorland e Circumneutral Moorland). Na primeira abordagem, analisou-se a comunidade de 69 riachos, testando se (i) a composição das comunidades difere entre os tipos de ambientes e anos analisados; e se (ii) nos anos iniciais a diversidade beta entre os riachos foi menor do que nos anos mais recentes, assim como nos riachos de uma categoria mais ácida. As amostras foram coletadas em 1984, 1995 e 2012, sendo o ano mais antigo sob maior influência da acidificação. Observou-se uma segregação na composição da biota entre 1984 e os demais anos, e essa diferença na composição da comunidade entre os anos sugere que a recuperação ambiental com ascensão nos valores de pH, permitiu a entrada e estabelecimento de novas espécies de macroinvertebrados nos riachos. O menor valor de diversidade beta também foi observado em 1984, indicando homogeneização biótica neste período e aumento da dissimilaridade das comunidades com o tempo. Na segunda abordagem, investigou-se a hipótese de que ocorre um aumento gradativo nos valores de diversidade beta temporal (TBI) ao longo do tempo. Para tanto, foram amostrados oito riachos no País de Gales no período entre 1985 e 2018, e comparado a diversidade beta dos riachos entre o ano referência 1985 com todos os demais anos. Houve um aumento dos valores de TBI ao longo dos anos para todos ambientes, mostrando indícios de recuperação biológica concomitante com o restabelecimento dos valores abióticos. Os resultados contribuíram para o entendimento de que a comunidade biótica também responde à recuperação ambiental. Sendo a diversidade beta uma das formas de se avaliar tal processo. E ressalta-se a importância de pesquisas de longa duração para que tais respostas bióticas possam ser monitoradas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Macroinvertebrados bentônicos de água doce ; Diversidade beta ; Recuperação ambiental ; Acidificação ambiental ; Chuva ácida ; Riachos ; Riachos acidificados ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrobenthos ; ASFA_2015::A::Acid rain ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::A::Acidification ; ASFA_2015::S::Stream ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 55pp.
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  • 44
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    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-12
    Description: Macrophytes are widely recognized for increasing habitat complexity and driving a relevant role in structuring communities in aquatic ecosystems. We investigated how the density, coverage and diversity of macrophytes can influence multiple aspects of fish community, including functional alpha and beta diversity, foraging efficiency, trophic niche breadth and overlap, total abundance and biomass of fish, as well as of certain species and sizes of fish. We used 30 macrophyte stands sampled in the littoral zone of a tropical river, as well as a dataset of 88 shallow temperate lakes. In the latter case, two spatial scales were considered (lake and points within a lake), since there is usually a negative relationship between fish and macrophyte coverage, and this relationship may be more evident at the point scale, while the effect is attenuated at the lake scale. The results showed that macrophytes can select functional characteristics of fish communities and influence their alpha and beta functional diversity. The highest values of functional alpha diversity occurred in intermediate macrophyte density and high macrophyte diversity. The variation in macrophyte density was strongly responsible for variations in functional beta diversity. Fish showed general trophic responses to the variation in macrophyte attributes, but these responses also depended on fish feeding habits, with herbivores niche breadth responding in the opposite way to omnivores. The increase in macrophyte density led to an increase in fish consumption of higher plants and foraging efficiency, and reduced trophic niche breadth. Fish niche overlap was higher at intermediate levels of macrophyte density. Fish responses depended on fish species identity, lake productivity and water depth. The deeper and more eutrophic the lakes, the more fish tended to occupy macrophyte-covered points within a lake. The results emphasize how aquatic plants can affect the fish community by influencing swimming, food availability and interactions between species, and that the relationship between fish and macrophytes can vary according to the scale of the study and the fish characteristics. The application of the results obtained here has great potential to help in projects of management and conservation of biodiversity, and in the choice of the best configurations of macrophyte stands for the maintenance of ichthyofauna.
    Description: As macrófitas são amplamente reconhecidas por aumentarem a complexidade do habitat e exercerem papel relevante na estruturação das comunidades em ecossistemas aquáticos. Investigou-se como a densidade, cobertura e diversidade de macrófitas podem influenciar múltiplos aspectos da comunidade de peixes, incluindo diversidade alfa e beta funcional, eficiência de forrageamento, amplitude e sobreposição de nicho trófico, abundância e biomassa de total de peixes, bem como de determinadas espécies e tamanhos de peixes. Utilizou-se 30 bancos de macrófitas amostrados na zona litorânea de um rio tropical, bem como, um conjunto de dados de 88 lagos rasos temperados. Neste ultimo caso, foram consideradas duas escalas espaciais (lago e pontos dentro do lago), visto que geralmente há uma relação negativa entre peixes e a cobertura de macrófitas, e essa relação pode ser mais evidente na escala de ponto dentro do lago, enquanto o efeito é atenuado na escala de lago. Os resultados evidenciaram que as macrófitas podem selecionar características funcionais das comunidades de peixes e influenciar sua diversidade funcional alfa e beta. Os maiores valores de diversidade alfa funcional ocorreram em densidades intermediárias e elevada diversidade de macrófitas. A variação na densidade de macrófitas foi fortemente responsável pelas variações na diversidade beta funcional. Os peixes apresentaram respostas tróficas gerais à variação dos atributos das macrófitas, mas estas respostas também dependeram dos hábitos alimentares dos peixes, com a amplitude de nicho dos herbívoros respondendo de forma oposta à amplitude de onívoros. O aumento na densidade de macrófitas levou a um aumento no consumo de vegetais superiores pelos peixes e na eficiência de forrageamento, e reduziu a amplitude do nicho trófico. A sobreposição de nicho de peixes foi maior nos níveis intermediários de densidade de macrófitas. As respostas dos peixes dependeram da identidade da espécie de peixe, produtividade da lagoa e profundidade da água. Quanto mais profundos e eutróficos eram os lagos, mais os peixes tenderam a ocupar pontos cobertos por macrófitas dentro de um lago. Mediante os resultados, ressaltamos como as plantas aquáticas podem afetar a comunidade de peixes por influenciarem na natação, disponibilidade de alimento e interações entre as espécies, e que a relação entre peixe e macrófita pode variar de acordo com a escala do estudo e as características dos peixes considerados. A aplicação dos resultados aqui obtidos tem grande potencial de auxílio em projetos de manejo e conservação da biodiversidade, e na escolha das melhores configurações de bancos de macrófitas para a manutenção da ictiofauna.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade funcional e taxonômica ; Diversidade taxonômica ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic levels ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 153pp.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: Die Dekarbonisierung der Mietwohnungsbestände ist zwingende Voraussetzung für die Einhaltung deutscher Klimaschutzziele. Hierzu ist eine schnelle und deutliche Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz unabdinglich. Aber: funktioniert der Markt für Energieeffizienz bei Mietwohnungen? Eine empirische Untersuchung auf dem Wuppertaler Mietwohnungsmarkt gibt Antworten darauf. Um die Sanierungsrate signifikant zu steigern, etwa durch eine höhere Zahlungsbereitschaft für Energieeffizienz, braucht es sowohl für Vermieter als auch für Mieter verbesserte Rahmenbedingungen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: A main goal of this study - which also functions as deliverable 210078-D07 of the Circular Economy Beacons (CEB) project - is to evaluate currently available frameworks that measure and operationalise Circular Economy (CE), with a particular focus on the urban context. The regional focus lies on the Western Balkan region, which is at the centre of the project. Such "Urban Circularity Hotspot Frameworks" (UCHF) aim at providing decision support for policy makers, companies, citizens etc. regarding the transition to CE within cities. Based on the analysis of different frameworks, suggestions are derived regarding UCHF suitable for the specific characteristics of Western Balkan municipalities, i.e. a Circular Economy Beacons Urban Circularity Hotspot Framework (CEB-UCHF) ready for short-term implementation.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: Circular economy seems a vital enabler for sustainable use of natural resources which is also important for achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals. Therefore, a special session addressing issues of "sustainable solutions and remarkable practices in circular economy focusing materials downstream" was held at the 16th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology, where researchers and attendees worldwide were convened to share their experiences and visions. Presentations focusing on many key points such as new strategies, innovative technologies, management methods, and practical cases were discussed during the session. Accordingly, this article compiled all these distinctive presentations and gave insights into the pathway of circular economy towards the sustainable development goals. We summarized that the transition to circular economy can keep the value of resources and products at a high level and minimize waste production; the focus of governmental policies and plans with the involvement of public-private-partnership on 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) helps to improve the use of natural resources and take a step ahead to approach or achieve the sustainability.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: In Germany, the number of renewable energy prosumers has increased rapidly since 2000. However, the development of prosumers has faced and will continue to face various economic, social, and technological challenges, which have triggered the emergence of a number of innovative business models (BM). This paper enriches the empirical basis for prosumer-oriented BMs by investigating two BM innovations in Germany (P2P electricity trading and aggregation of small-size prosumers) drawing on business model and socio-technical transition theories. A mix of qualitative data collection methods, including document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews, was applied. We found that while both BMs can potentially address the challenges associated with renewable energy prosumer development in Germany, small-scale prosumers’ participation in both BMs has been limited so far. We identified various internal and external drivers and barriers for scaling up these BMs for prosumer development in Germany. Despite these barriers, both aggregation and centralized P2P targeting prosumers may potentially be also taken up by incumbent market actors such as utilities. Decentralized P2P on the other hand still faces significant internal and external barriers for upscaling. Based on the analysis, the paper provides policy recommendations with respect to the identified drivers and barriers. From a theoretical perspective, our findings provide further evidence to challenge the dichotomous understanding of niche actors and incumbents, the latter of which are often theorized to be resistant to radical innovations.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Thiarids are pantropical gastropods endemic to South America and are found in lentic and lotic freshwater environments. These gastropods act as intermediate hosts for several species of digeneans. However, it is important to consider that there are difficulties for a correct identification of these digeneans in certain stages of the life cycle since the larvae have a reduced size and few morphological characteristics for diagnosis. In this way, techniques based on molecular markers become an extremely important tool, combining the use of ribosomal and mitochondrial regions. Considering that there are no records in the literature of studies involving parasites and gastropods as intermediate hosts in the Ivaí River, this study is the first regarding these relationships. Seventy-six specimens of gastropods were collected. Of these, 21 were parasitized. As for the parasites, 16 different morphotypes were found. The gastropod DNA was amplified using the COI marker. The gastropods showed genetic similarity with Aylacostoma chloroticum with different percentages of identity. As for the parasites, COI and 28S markers were used for DNA amplification. Four different taxa were characterized with both markers. With the mitochondrial marker it was possible to confirm only one genus among the digeneans found. However, the 28S ribosomal marker proved to be more effective for the identification of Ivaí River parasites, showing higher similarity values in relation to sequences available in the databases and lower values of genetic distance. In this way, it was possible to confirm the classification of the morphotypes into two distinct genera.
    Description: Os tiarídeos são gastrópodes pantropicais endêmicos da América do Sul e são encontrados em ambientes de água doce lênticos e lóticos. Esses gastrópodes atuam como hospedeiros intermediários de várias espécies de digenéticos. No entanto, é importante considerar que existem dificuldades para uma identificação correta desses digenéticos em determinadas fases do ciclo de vida, visto que as larvas possuem um tamanho reduzido e poucas características morfológicas para diagnóstico. Dessa maneira, técnicas baseadas em marcadores moleculares tornam-se uma ferramenta de extrema importância, combinando a utilização de regiões ribossômicas e mitocondriais. Considerando que não há registros na literatura de estudos envolvendo parasitas e gastrópodes como hospedeiros intermediários no rio Ivaí, este estudo é o primeiro a respeito dessas relações. Foram coletados 76 espécimes de gastrópodes. Desses, 21 encontravam-se parasitados. Quanto aos parasitas, foram encontrados 16 morfotipos distintos. O DNA dos gastrópodes foi amplificado utilizando o marcador COI. Os gastrópodes apresentaram similaridade genética com Aylacostoma chloroticum com diferentes percentuais de identidade. Quanto aos parasitas, para amplificação do DNA foram utilizados os marcadores COI e 28S. Quatro taxa diferentes foram caracterizados com ambos os marcadores. Com o marcador mitocondrial foi possível confirmar apenas um gênero dentre os digenéticos encontrados. Todavia, o marcador ribossômico 28S se mostrou mais eficaz para a identificação dos parasitas do rio Ivaí, apresentando maiores valores de similaridade em relação a sequências disponíveis nos bancos de dados e menores valores de distância genética. Dessa maneira, foi possível confirmar a classificação dos morfotipos em dois gêneros distintos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Digenea (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes) “digenéticos” ; Gastrópodes (Mollusca) ; Genética molecular ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Mollusks (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluscs (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 51pp.
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  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Ludwigia has some invasive macrophyte species that have not yet been explored under the scope of phylogeography, a promising area to understand the ecology of invasions using barcode molecular markers sensitive to intraspecific variations. Thus, it was theorized that barcode markers used in invasive species of Ludwigia occurring in non-native regions would be phylogeographically informative. Sequences of the molecular markers trnH-psbA, rbcL, matK and phyC from invasive populations of L. peploides and L. grandiflora were used as they are the only ones available in Genbank. A gene tree was generated by the Neighborn-Joining method and a haplotypic network by the Median-Joining method for each species. The trnH-psbA marker was the only phylogeographically informative marker for detecting intraspecific variations in the analyzed taxa. Three haplotypes were detected for L. grandiflora and two haplotypes for L. peploides. Three geographically distinct founder populations of L. grandiflora were introduced in Europe, with Hg1 shared with the US population, while L. peploides has a founder population in Europe and another in the US. The long history of the introduction of these species in Europe and the limited geographic scope of molecular sampling demonstrate that these data are underestimated. A search in the Web of Science database exposed a paucity of molecular data for invasive species of Ludwigia, highlighting the contribution of the results to the information on these haplotypic relationships in the context of invasive biology. Therefore, the detection of haplotypic diversity of invasive species of Ludwigia proved to be promising when investigated by the phylogeographic scope, supporting a better understanding of the management and ecology of these haplotypes in non-native areas.
    Description: Ludwigia possui algumas espécies de macrófitas invasoras que ainda não foram exploradas sob o escopo da filogeografia, uma promissora área para compreender a ecologia das invasões utilizando marcadores moleculares barcode sensíveis a variações intraespecíficas. Assim, testou-se quais marcadores barcode utilizados em espécies invasoras de Ludwigia ocorrentes em regiões não nativas seriam filogeograficamente informativos. Utilizou-se sequências dos marcadores moleculares trnH-psbA, rbcL, matKe phyC de populações invasoras de L. peploides e L. grandiflora por serem as únicas disponíveis no Genbank. Gerou-se uma árvore gênica pelo método Neighborn-Joining e uma rede haplotípica pelo método Median-Joining para cada espécie. O marcador trnH-psbA foi o único informativo filogeograficamente por detectar variações intraespecíficas nos táxons analisados. Detectou-se três haplótipos para L. grandiflorae dois haplótipos para L. peploides. Três populações fundadoras geograficamente distintas de L. grandiflora foram introduzidas na Europa, sendo Hg1 compartilhado com a população estadunidense, enquanto L. peploidespossui uma população fundadora na Europa e outra nos EUA. O antigo histórico de introdução dessas espécies na Europa e a abrangência geográfica limitada da amostragem molecular demonstram que esses dados estão subestimados. Uma pesquisa feita na base de dados Web of Science expôs uma escassez de dados moleculares para espécies invasoras de Ludwigia, ressaltando a contribuição dos resultados quanto as informações sobre essas relações haplotípica no contexto da biologia das invasões. Portanto, a detecção da diversidade haplotípica de espécies invasoras de Ludwigia mostrou-se promissora quando investigada pelo escopo filogeográfico, subsidiando o melhor entendimento sobre o manejo e a ecologia desses haplótipos em áreas não nativas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ludwigia (Onagraceae) “cruz-de-malta” ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Filogeografia ; Biogeografia ; Marcadores moleculares ; Manejo ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular biology ; ASFA_2015::M::Molecular structure
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 29pp.
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  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: South America has fish endemic to continental fresh waters, but derived from clades predominantly and ancestrally distributed in marine environments, such as Platanichthys platana. This species is considered the smallest sardine of the Clupeidae with its type locality in the La Plata river. In 2007, there were the first records of P. platana in the upper Paraná river basin and in 2012 in the upper Paraná river floodplain. The variation in the length of specimens from this basin generated curiosity about their identity and origin of introduction. Sequences from the COI region of the specimens were used for genetic distance calculations, construction of gene trees and haplotype networks. The results obtained indicate that all analyzed specimens belong to P. platana. Eight haplotypes were found, some exclusive to the coastal basins of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Negro river basin. The basins of the La Plata river, the Lago and the upper Paraná river floodplain shared different haplotypes. The phylogeographic pattern presented in this study can be justified by the presence of populations of P. platana in the same paleoarea, before the geological process that configured the current architectures of the observed basins, by vicariance. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic several vicarious events occurred between the coastal watersheds of Brazil that can be attributed to marine regressions and transgressions by continental lands. It is also assumed that specimens from the upper Paraná river floodplain were introduced to the region from Argentine regions.
    Description: A América do Sul apresenta peixes endêmicos de águas doces continentais, mas derivados de clados predominantemente e ancestralmente distribuídos em ambientes marinhos, como Platanichthys platana. Essa espécie é considerada a sardinha de menor tamanho de Clupeidae com sua localidade-tipo no rio de La Plata. Em 2007, houve os primeiros registros de P. platana na bacia do alto rio Paraná e em 2012 na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. A variação do comprimento dos espécimes dessa bacia gerou curiosidade sobre sua identidade e origem de introdução. Sequências da região COI dos espécimes foram e utilizadas para cálculos de distância genética, construção de árvores gênicas e rede de haplótipos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que todos os exemplares analisados pertencem a P. platana. Oito haplótipos foram encontrados, alguns exclusivos dos exemplares das bacias litorâneas de Santa Catarina, do Rio Grande do Sul e bacia do rio Negro. As bacias do rio de La Plata, do Lago e da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná compartilharam diferentes haplótipos. O padrão filogeográfico apresentado nesse estudo pode ser justificado pela presença de populações de P. platana em uma mesma paleoarea, antes do processo geológico que configurou as atuais arquiteturas das bacias observadas, pela vicariância. Durante o Mesozóico e Cenozóico vários eventos vicariantes ocorreram entre as bacias hidrográficas costeiras do Brasil que podem ser atribuídos às regressões e transgressões marinhas por terras continentais. Pressupõe-se também que os espécimes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná tenham sido introduzidos na região a partir de regiões argentinas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Platanichthys platana (Regan, 1917) (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) “sardinha” ; Biogeografia ; Genética molecular ; Diversidade genética ; Bacias hidrográficas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography ; ASFA_2015::G::Genetic diversity ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Non native species can negatively affect the invaded environment. Often, these species have biological characteristics that benefit other non natives and facilitate their invasion, so knowing the facilitation mechanisms between invaders are useful to mitigate their damage to the ecosystem. Thus, in this study we tested the hypothesis that Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, a non native catfish, has habits that can alter nutrient concentrations (phosphorus and nitrogen) in the water column, and positively affect the growth of an invasive macrophyte species in detriment of a native one, characterizing ecological facilitation among invasive species. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with six treatments and four replicas, using the invasive macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata and the native Egeria najas, in the presence and absence of P. ambrosettii, all with occurrence recorded in the upper Paraná River floodplain. The results showed that the treatments with P. ambrosettii had a lower amount of dissolved oxygen, higher electrical conductivity, higher concentration of chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus (TP) and inorganic nitrogen (NI). Macrophyte biomass was significantly higher in monoculture treatments with fish, with this effect being more intense for H. verticillata. When in the same treatment, in the absence of P. ambrosettii, H. verticillata showed greater biomass than E. najas, but with the fish presence, the macrophyte species did not differ in their biomass, indicating that the high concentration of nutrients makes the coexistence of these macrophytes possible. The results found will be useful for future actions to manage invasive species, especially in habitats where they co-occur.
    Description: Espécies invasoras podem impactar negativamente o ambiente invadido. Frequentemente, estas espécies possuem características biológicas que beneficiam outras não nativas e facilitam sua invasão, portanto conhecer os mecanismos de facilitação entre invasoras é essencial para mitigar os danos ao ecossistema. Desta forma, neste estudo testamos a hipótese de que Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, um cascudo invasor, com hábitos que podem alterar as concentrações de nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio) na coluna d'água, afeta positivamente o crescimento de uma espécie de macrófita invasora em detrimento de uma nativa, caracterizando a facilitação ecológica entre espécies invasoras. Para isso um experimento foi conduzido, utilizando a macrófita invasora Hydrilla verticillata e a nativa Egeria najas, na presença e ausência de P. ambrosettii (bem como ambas coocorrendo na presença e ausência do peixe), todos com ocorrência registrada na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Os tratamentos com P. ambrosettii apresentaram menor quantidade de oxigênio dissolvido, maiores valores para a condutividade elétrica, clorofila-a, fósforo total (TP) e nitrogênio inorgânico (NI). A biomassa das macrófitas foi significativamente maior nos tratamentos de monocultura com peixe, sendo este efeito mais intenso para H. verticillata. Quando juntas na ausência de P ambrosettii, H. verticillata apresentou maior biomassa que E. najas, mas com a presença do peixe, as espécies não diferiram em sua biomassa, sugerindo que a alta concentração de nutrientes torna possível a coexistência das macrófitas. Os resultados encontrados se mostram úteis para o conhecimento da biologia destas espécies invasoras, assim como para futuras ações de manejo em pequenos habitats onde estas coocorrem.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg, 1893) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) "cascudo blindado" ; Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, 1839 (Hydrocharitaceae) "hydrilla" ; Egeria najas Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) "lodinho branco" ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras ; Facilitação, Mecanismos de ; Nutrientes ; Concentração ; Interação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::N::Nutrition ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 35pp.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Este documento de trabajo examina los vínculos entre el aprendizaje de la alfabetización, el desarrollo de competencias y el mundo del trabajo, en línea con el tema del Día Internacional de la Alfabetización (ILD, por sus siglas en inglés) 2018. Su objetivo es identificar acciones de política que ayudan a integrar el aprendizaje de la alfabetización y el desarrollo de competencias, con el objetivo de apoyar las vías hacia el empleo.
    Description: OPENASFA INPUT Documento de trabajo preparado para la Conferencia Internacional sobre “Alfabetización y desarrollo de competencias” (París, 7 de septiembre de 2018)
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Desarrollo de competencias ; Alfabetización ; Educación ; Desempleo ; Igualdad de género
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 20pp.
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Changes in water level influence the establishment and ecological interactions developed between aquatic macrophytes.With the aim of investigate how changes in water level, the density of the invasive macrophyte Urochloa arrecta and the species richness influence the establishment of Paspalum repens, we set up two experiments in a greenhouse with three water levels (high, medium and static) and two levels of density and species richness. At the end of the experiments, we measured the following response variables: leaf area surface, shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass, shoot length, and root length of P. repens. Using the total biomass, we calculated the relative interaction index (RII) to verify the type of ecological interaction developed between P. repens and its neighbors species. Each response variable was analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. Among the results obtained, we highlight: i) the predominantly negative values of the RII, indicating competition between P. repens and its neighbors in all the conditions tested in this work and ii) positive values of leaf area surface and shoot biomass at water levels high, especially in the experiment that analyzed the effect of the density of U. arrecta on P. repens, which highlights the strategies adopted by this species to establish itself in environments with high densities of the invasive species in scenarios of water level changes. Finally, these results indicate the effects of changes in water level, density of U. arrecta and species richness on P. repens, contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of macrophyte communities in freshwater ecosystems.
    Description: Mudanças do nível d’água influenciam o estabelecimento e as interações ecológicas desenvolvidas entre macrófitas aquáticas. Com o objetivo de investigar como mudanças no nível d’água, a densidade da macrófita invasora Urochloa arrecta e a riqueza de espécies influenciam no estabelecimento da macrófita nativa Paspalum repens, foram montados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação com três níveis d’água (alto, médio e estático) e dois níveis de densidade e riqueza de espécies. Ao final do experimento foram mensuradas as seguintes variáveis resposta: superfície da área foliar, biomassa aérea, biomassa da raiz, biomassa total, comprimento aéreo e comprimento da raiz de Paspalum repens. Utilizando a biomassa total, foi calculado o índice de interação relativa (RII) para verificar o tipo de interação ecológica desenvolvida entre P. repens e suas espécies vizinhas. Cada variável resposta foi analisada com uma Anova bifatorial. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacamos: i) os valores preponderantemente negativos do RII, indicando competição de P. repens com suas vizinhas em todas as condições testadas neste trabalho e ii) valores positivos da superfície da área foliar e biomassa aérea em níveis d’água alto, especialmente no experimento que foi analisado o efeito da densidade de U. arrecta sobre P. repens, o que evidencia as estratégias adotadas por esta espécie para se estabelecer em ambientes com altas densidades da espécie invasora em cenários de mudanças do nível d’água. Esses resultados indicam, por fim, os efeitos da mudança do nível da água, da densidade de U. arrecta e da riqueza de espécies sobre P. repens, contribuindo para o entendimento da dinâmica das comunidades de macrófitas em ambientes aquáticos continentais.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Paspalum repens P. J. Bergius (Poaceae) ; Poaceae (Gramineae) “brachiaria” ; Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras emergentes ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Competição ; Espécies invasoras ; Estufas ; Experimentos ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::D::Dams ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::W::Water reservoirs ; ASFA_2015::E::Experimental research
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 49pp.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-08-16
    Description: Most volcanoes on the Earth rise from the bottom of seas and oceans. Most of them do not reach the surface of sea and remain hidden to all conventional observations from surface and space. Only some of them rise above the sea level, forming islands and passing from submarine to subaerial volcanism. Volcanic islands develop in virtually all the geodynamic contexts on Earth, from mid-ocean ridges (Iceland), to intraplate (Hawaii), to volcanic arcs (Aeolian Islands). All the liquid-descent evolutive degrees of magma are finally represented, from primitive compositions up to strongly evolved rhyolite, trachyte and phonolite lavas. So, the eruptive styles of these volcanoes range consequently from mild effusions to plinian eruptions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 954902
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: volcanoes ; seafloor ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 56
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: Despite growing interest in the effects of non-native invasive species in changing alternative trophic states in shallow lakes, little is known when it comes to tropical regions. We carried out a systematic review to identify which terms, species, definitions and objectives were most addressed in these studies, as well as to identify possible global patterns and trends regarding the growth of these research over the years and the hot spots of publications. Our results showed that although there was a non-linear growth in the number of studies published in the last three decades regarding state shifts in freshwater environments, only a small number of them addresses the influence that non-native invasive species have in triggering trophic states changes in aquatic environments and even less in shallow lakes. In our discussion, we explore the possible reasons and consequences that these patterns bring to this area of ecology, as well as expand the results and make the work available so that it can be used as recomendation for future projects related to the topic.
    Description: Lagos rasos são os ecossistemas de água doce mais abundantes do planeta, suportam elevada diversidade de espécies e proveem diversos serviços ecossistêmicos, porém, a dinâmica natural desses ecossistemas está ameaçada devido ao estabelecimento de espécies invasoras não nativas. Apesar do crescente interesse acerca dos impactos que espécies invasoras não nativas causam nos ecossistemas invadidos, pouco ainda se sabe sobre a influência delas para a estabilidade e mudança de estado trófico em lagos rasos. Foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada da literatura para identificar quais termos, espécies, definições e objetivos foram mais abordados nesses estudos, assim como identificar possíveis padrões e tendências globais quanto à distribuição das pesquisas ao longo dos anos e seu local de origem. Embora tenha havido um crescimento na quantidade de estudos publicados nas últimas três décadas sobre estados tróficos em ambientes aquáticos, apenas uma pequena quantidade deles aborda a influência das espécies invasoras nãonativas na mudança de estado trófico nestes ecossistemas. Foram exploradas as possíveis razões e as consequências que esses padrões e métodos trazem para essa área da ecologia, de forma que a discussão aqui feita sugere diversas recomendações para futuros trabalhos e pesquisadores considerarem.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecossistemas aquáticos ; Lagos rasos ; Invasões biológicas ; Eutrofização ; Revisão sistemática ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes ; ASFA_2015::E::Eutrophication ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::R::Reviews (literature)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 57
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: Global climate change has as its main result an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as longer periods of drought, and more hot days throughout the year, which makes drought events even more severe. Certain plant species have a high invasive potential, which is due to their tolerance to adverse conditions and the recovery of their individuals after some disturbance, which increases the possibility of colonization and establishment in new environments, interfering with native communities. The effect of interspecific competition between the invasive plant Urochloa mutica and the native species Panicum dichotomiflorum was experimentally analyzed on its establishment, resistance and resilience, simulating conditions of extreme water events and the distribution of Panicum dichotomiflorum and Urochloa mutica, particularly in protected areas environmental. The results obtained showed that the native species grew less with the water changes, mainly due to the lack of water, and the invasive species did not show strong growth alterations with the disturbances used. Furthermore, the species were shown to alter the growth variables in competition, impacting the native species more. On the other hand, the species in terms of temporal stability did not change growth and both may have advantages in impacted environments. Regarding the distribution of species, the results showed that the dispersion of the invasive exotic plant will be greater in areas that already have its presence, and also that this species may invade new places, such as Germany and Austria. In a future scenario of global climate change in 2070, this invasive species could occur in protected areas. Regarding the national territory, U. mutica will lose part of its distribution in Brazil, mainly in the north and northeast regions, including areas of protection and conservation. For P. dichotomiflorum, it is possible that it will lose a large part of its natural habitat in the two future scenarios, but it will increase its occurrence in other places, being able to become a potential invasive. Therefore, the results achieved indicate that both species have important characteristics in coping with climate change and show that the native species has an invasive behavior, with information of enormous value to environmental managers, especially in the management work of the two species of Poaceae, which have invasive potential for preserved areas, and in research that evidence areas susceptible to invasion.
    Description: As mudanças climáticas globais tem como principal resultado o aumento na frequência e na severidade de eventos extremos, tais como períodos mais prolongados de seca, e mais dias quentes ao longo do ano, o que torna os eventos de seca ainda mais severos. Certas espécies vegetais possuem alto potencial invasor, que se deve à sua tolerância a condições adversas e à recuperação de seus indivíduos após algum distúrbio, o que aumenta a possibilidade de colonização e estabelecimento em novos ambientes, interferindo em comunidades nativas. Analisou-se experimentalmente o efeito da competição interespecífica da planta invasora Urochloa mutica com a espécie nativa Panicum dichotomiflorum, em seu estabelecimento, resistência e resiliência, simulando condições de eventos hídricos extremos e a distribuição de Panicum dichotomiflorum e Urochloa mutica, particularmente em áreas de proteção ambiental. Os resultados alcançados mostraram que a espécie nativa, cresceu menos com as mudanças hídricas, principalmente pela falta de água e a espécie invasora mostrou não sofrer fortes alterações de crescimento com os distúrbios empregados. As espécies mostraram alterar as variáveis de crescimento em competição, impactando de maior maneira a espécie nativa. Por outro lado, as espécies em termos de estabilidade temporal não alteraram o crescimento e ambas podem apresentar vantagens em ambientes impactados. Em relação à distribuição das espécies, os resultados mostraram que a dispersão da planta exótica invasora será maior em áreas que possuem sua presença, e também que essa espécie poderá invadir novos lugares, como Alemanha e Áustria. Em cenário futuro de mudança climática global em 2070, essa espécie invasora pode ocorrer em áreas protegidas. Com relação ao território nacional, U. mutica perderá parte da sua distribuição no Brasil, principalmente na região norte e nordeste, incluindo áreas de proteção e conservação. Para P. dichotomiflorum, é possível que perdera grande parte de seu habitat natural nos dois cenários futuros, mas aumentará sua ocorrência em outros lugares, podendo se tornar uma invasora em potencial. Portanto, os resultados alcançados indicam que ambas as espécies possuem características importantes no enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas e evidenciam que a espécie nativa apresenta comportamento invasor, com informações de enorme valia para gestores ambientais, especialmente nos trabalhos de manejo das duas espécies de Poaceae, que têm potencial invasor para áreas preservadas, e em pesquisas que evidenciem áreas suscetíveis a invasões.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Urochloa mutica (Poaceae : Monocotiledônea) ; Panicum dichotomiflorum (Poaceae : Monocotiledônea) ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Espécies invasoras e nativas ; Espécies invasoras ; Espécies nativas ; Competição ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 67pp.
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  • 58
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The invasion success of non-native species depends on several factors, and native populations and biotic characteristics of non-native environments can offer resistance to non-native species development. Reservoirs can facilitate submerged macrophyte invasion once it modifies the environment and provides favorable abiotic conditions to macrophyte establishment and development. However, previous colonization of native species can resist the development of invasive ones through priority effects. In this investigation we used large data-set (1120 samplings during 4 years) obtained in the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil/Paraguay) to assess the relationship between the abundance of the native submerged macrophyte Egeria najas and of the invasive Hydrilla verticillata and the water level, littoral slope and Secchi disk depth. We also investigated how the concomitant and previous abundance of both macrophytes correlates. A spatial-temporal modeling was applied using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations method, which controls the effect of spatial-temporal autocorrelation. Our results indicate an important role of water transparency, littoral slope and water level oscillations (in terms of amplitude and increased hydrometric level), in a short period of time (30 days) for the temporal dynamics of the abundance of both species. However, alterations of the hydrometric levels and of the littoral slope affected H. verticillata to a greater extent than E. najas. In addition, the abundance of each species was related with its own abundance in previous samplings, highlighting the importance of vegetative propagule pressure and resistance structures for population recovery. The magnitude of the interaction between both species in concomitant occurrence in the same site was abundance dependent.
    Description: O sucesso da invasão de espécies não nativas depende de vários fatores. Populações nativas e características bióticas de ambientes não nativos podem oferecer resistência ao desenvolvimento de espécies não nativas. Porém, a colonização prévia de espécies nativas pode impor resistência ao desenvolvimento de espécies invasoras por meio de efeitos de prioridade. Nesta investigação utilizou-se um grande conjunto de dados (1120 amostragens durante 4 anos) obtidos Reservatórios podem facilitar a invasão de macrófitas submersas, uma vez que modificam o ambiente e fornecem condições abióticas favoráveis para o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de macrófitas no reservatório de Itaipu (Brasil/Paraguai) para avaliar a relação entre a abundância da macrófita submersa nativa Egeria najas e da invasora Hydrilla verticillata e o nível da água, declividade litorânea e profundidade do disco de Secchi. Também se investigou, como a abundância concomitante e prévia de ambas as macrófitas se correlaciona. Uma modelagem espaço-temporal foi aplicada usando o método de Aproximações Aninhadas Integradas de Laplace, que controla o efeito da autocorrelação espaço-temporal. Os resultados indicam um importante papel da transparência da água, declividade litorânea e oscilações do nível da água (em termos de amplitude e aumento do nível hidrométrico), em um curto período de tempo (30 dias) para a dinâmica temporal da abundância das duas espécies. Contudo, as alterações dos níveis hidrométricos e do declive litorâneo afetaram mais H. verticillata em comparação a E. najas. Ademais, a abundância de cada espécie foi relacionada com a sua própria abundância em amostragens anteriores, evidenciando a importância da pressão do propágulo vegetativo e das estruturas de resistência para a recuperação populacional. A magnitude da interação entre as duas espécies ao ocorrerem concomitantemente no mesmo ponto foi dependente da abundância.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecologia de reservatórios ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas nativas e invasoras ; Abundância ; Preditores abióticos e bióticos ; Nível da água ; Abundância prévia ; Efeitos de prioridade ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::W::Water levels ; ASFA_2015::A::Abundance ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations ; ASFA_2015::P::Prediction ; ASFA_2015::A::Abiotic factors ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 59
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Freshwater ecosystems such as the Upper Paraná River floodplain are constantly subjected to environmental changes caused by natural disturbances, but mainly by anthropogenic impacts (such as dams), which have drastically affected the biodiversity of these aquatic systems. One way to assess the rates of environmental change in systems such as plains is through biomonitoring studies on large temporal scales, with diatoms being excellent bioindicators in determining environmental changes in different aquatic ecosystems. Based on this, the temporal pattern of the periphytic diatom community of a lake in the upper Paraná River floodplain was investigated in order to seek patterns that reflect the environmental changes in this plain, covering studies with different approaches, such as ecology, taxonomic and of environmental education. As a result of these different studies, it is noteworthy that the association of the taxonomic and functional approach in the components of beta diversity was extremely important for the interpretation of variation in the composition of diatom species in a long time series, especially when considering the importance of the contribution beta diversity site - LCBD. It was also sought to highlight the use of diatoms as indicators in determining hydrological changes, reinforcing the need for continuous monitoring of the region, in order to follow the direction of ecological changes, both hydrological and climatic in this plain. The importance of taxonomic studies in the plain was also highlighted in this thesis, in order to better understand the local biodiversity of diatoms, since new species such as Staurosirella paranaensis are being registered. Finally, this thesis includes a proposal for educational games on microalgae and their ecological importance in the environmental indication of aquatic bodies, to emphasize the relevance of environmental education in the research, teaching and extension process.
    Description: Ecossistemas de água doce como a planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná estão constantemente submetidos a mudanças ambientais causadas por distúrbios naturais, mas principalmente por impactos antrópicos (como barramentos), que tem afetado drasticamente a biodiversidade desses sistemas aquáticos. Uma forma de avaliar as taxas de alterações ambientais em sistemas como as planícies, é por meio dos estudos de biomonitoramento em grandes escalas temporais, sendo as diatomáceas excelentes bioindicadoras na determinação de mudanças ambientais nos diversos ecossistemas aquáticos. Com base nisso, foi investigado o padrão temporal da comunidade de diatomáceas perifíticas de um lago da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, a fim de buscar padrões que refletem as alterações ambientais desta planície, abrangendo estudos com diferentes abordagens, como ecologia, taxonômica e de educação ambiental. Como resultado destes diferentes estudos, ressalta-se que a associação da abordagem taxonômica e funcional nos componentes da diversidade beta foi de extrema importância para a interpretação de variação da composição de espécies de diatomáceas em uma longa série temporal, principalmente quando consideramos a importância da contribuição local da diversidade beta - LCBD. Também se buscou evidenciar o uso das diatomáceas como indicadores na determinação das alterações hidrológicas, reforçando a necessidade de um monitoramento contínuo da região, no intuito de acompanhar a direção das mudanças ecológicas, tanto hidrológicas quanto climáticas desta planície. A importância dos estudos taxonômicos na planície, também foi destaque nesta tese, a fim de conhecer melhor a biodiversidade local de diatomáceas, uma vez que novas espécies estão sendo registradas, como a Staurosirella paranaensis. Por fim, esta tese engloba uma proposta de jogos didáticos sobre microalgas e a importância ecológica delas na indicação ambiental de corpos aquáticos, no intuito de ressaltar a relevância da educação ambiental no processo de pesquisa, ensino e extensão.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Algas perifíticas ; Diatomáceas ; Microalgas perífiticas de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Bioindicadores ; Mudanças climáticas ; Taxonomia ; Jogos didáticos ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae ; ASFA_2015::D::Diatoms ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 140pp.
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  • 60
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The degree at which populations are correlated in space is called spatial synchrony and can be affected by interspecific interactions, dispersion, and large-scale environmental factors, i. e. Moran effect. The study of this phenomenon can help understanding the temporal stability of communities and the underlying mechanisms. The influence of damming in a river from the Amazon basin (Santo Antônio do Jari HPP) on the synchrony of the environment and the phytoplankton community was evaluated, both for the total density and for different Reynolds functional groups. Was investigated whether the effects would be similar for the main channel (Jari River), tributaries, and for the total area (Jari + tributaries). The mean synchrony values and the confidence intervals of each abiotic variable, functional group, and the total density were estimated for the total area, Jari River and tributaries. Matrix-based multiple regression were also performed to identify the most important drivers of synchrony of the phytoplankton. Changes in the synchrony patterns were verified after the damming. The temporal dynamics of environmental variables, total density and of some functional groups was more synchronous when considering only the Jari River, than the total area or only tributaries. Environmental synchrony and environmental distance were the main mechanisms behind synchrony for some functional groups.
    Description: O grau de correlação de populações no espaço é denominado sincronia espacial e pode ser afetado por interações interespecíficas, dispersão e fatores ambientais de ampla escala, (i. e., efeito Moran). O estudo deste fenômeno pode colaborar na compreensão da estabilidade temporal das comunidades e a descobrir quais os mecanismos associados ao processo. Avaliou-se a influência de um barramento em um rio da bacia Amazônica (UHE Santo Antônio do Jari) sobre a sincronia espacial ambiental e do fitoplâncton do rio Jari e tributários. Mensurou-se a sincronia (total, média e intervalo de confiança) para cada variável abiótica, para a densidade de toda a comunidade e para cada grupo funcional de Reynolds, considerando a área total (11 locais - rio Jari + tributários), apenas rio Jari (cinco locais) e apenas tributários (seis locais), utilizando uma série temporal de oito anos. Regressões matriciais múltiplas foram utilizadas para identificar os fatores determinantes da sincronia do fitoplâncton. Verificou-se mudanças nos padrões de sincronia após o barramento. A dinâmica temporal das variáveis ambientais, da densidade de toda a comunidade e de alguns grupos funcionais apresentou-se mais sincrônica quando considerado somente o rio Jari, do que toda a área ou somente os tributários. Em geral, a distância ambiental mostrou-se o preditor mais importante para explicar a sincronia espacial do que a distância geográfica.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Abordagem funcional ; Impacto ambiental ; Sincronia espacial ; Barramento ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::M::Monitoring ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 61
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: The survival and growth of fish larvae during ontogeny are related to the ability to obtain adequate food, providing subsidies for individuals reach the adult age. The foraging capacity, availability and abundance of prey and morphological development, especially swimming performance and visual acuity are important factors in reproductive success. In this study, the aspects related to feeding during the ontogeny of fish larvae from a floodplain system were analyzed, evaluating the coexistence capacity and the predator-prey interaction. Specifically, the objectives were (1) to analyze the inter and intraspecific variations in the diet of three invasive fish species (Auchenipterus osteomystax, Plagioscion squamosissimus and Hypophthalmus oremaculatus) during their initial ontogeny and the relationship with coexistence; and (2) to apply a new approach in trophic ecology studies during ontogeny, evaluating the interaction and organization of the predator-prey network, using A. osteomystax as model. The larvae of invasive fish species had different diets inter and intraspecifically, low diet overlap and high niche breadth primarily for P. squamosissimus. The coexistence of larvae of these species is probably possible due to low competition, differentiation of trophic guilds, resource partitioning and trophic plasticity. Regarding the predator-prey network, A. osteomystax showed a nested structure, low connectivity and a pattern of segregation in resource consumption. The larvae fed exclusively on aquatic insects, impacting the robustness of the network when the most frequent prey in the diet is removed, here represented by Diptera and Chironomidae pupa. Furthermore, the correlation between metric variables and morphological networks showed that the species is of more general position as the network develops, increasing its capacity predation. Both studies demonstrated the importance of knowing the species-habitat interaction and the processes that govern prey capture, avoiding inter and intraspecific competition through resource partitioning and behavioral and foraging changes during ontogeny.
    Description: A sobrevivência e o crescimento das larvas de peixes durante a ontogenia estão relacionados com a capacidade de se obter alimento adequado, o qual fornece subsídios para que os indivíduos alcancem a vida adulta. A capacidade de forrageamento, a disponibilidade e abundância de presas e o desenvolvimento morfológico, principalmente da capacidade natatória e acuidade visual são fatores preponderantes no sucesso reprodutivo. Analisou-se, os aspectos relacionados à alimentação durante a ontogenia das larvas de peixes de um sistema de planície de inundação, avaliando a capacidade de coexistência e a interação predador-presa. Especificamente os objetivos foram (1) analisar as variações inter e intraespecíficas da dieta de três espécies de peixes invasoras (Auchenipterus osteomystax, Plagioscion squamosissimus e Hypophthalmus oremaculatus) durante a sua ontogenia inicial e a relação com a coexistência; (2) aplicar uma nova abordagem em estudos de ecologia trófica durante a ontogenia, avaliando a interação e organização da rede predador-presa, usando como modelo A. osteomystax. As larvas apresentaram dietas distintas tanto inter, quanto intraespecificamente, baixa sobreposição alimentar a alta amplitude de nicho principalmente para P. squamosissimus. A coexistência das larvas destas espécies é possível provavelmente devido à baixa competição, diferenciação de guildas tróficas, particionamento de recursos e plasticidade trófica. Em relação à rede predador-presa, A. osteomystax apresentou estrutura aninhada, baixa conectância e um padrão de segregação no consumo de recursos. As larvas desta espécie alimentaram-se exclusivamente de insetos aquáticos, com impacto na robustez da rede quando ocorre a remoção de presas mais frequentes na dieta, aqui representada por pupa de Diptera e Chironomidae. A correlação entre variáveis morfológicas e as métricas de redes mostrou que a espécie assume uma posição mais generalista na rede conforme ocorre seu desenvolvimento, aumentando sua capacidade de predação. Ambos os estudos demonstraram a importância de se conhecer a interação espécie-habitat e os processos que regem a captura de presas, evitando a competição inter e intraespecífica através do particionamento de recursos e mudanças comportamentais e de forrageamento durante a ontogenia.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Ictioplâncton de água doce ; Larvas ; Ecologia ; Alimentação ; Relação presa-predador ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyoplankton ; ASFA_2015::L::Larvae ; ASFA_2015::P::Predators ; ASFA_2015::P::Prey ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic relationships ; ASFA_2015::F::Food chains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 66pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Evaluating patterns and predictors of species distribution is important, because anthropogenic actions have been threatening global biodiversity. Hence, researchers have used measures of beta-diversity, defined as the variation in species composition amongst sites of a given area. Several measures of beta-diversity have been created, because using this approach makes it simple to elaborate and test ecological hypotheses, considering species distribution. Here, it was aimed to contribute to the knowledge about drivers and patterns of distribution amongst aquatic communities in Neotropical riverine floodplains. For this, this thesis was fractionated into two approaches, in which was used two different methods to measure beta-diversity. In the first approach, it was assessed the environmental and spatial factors affecting the beta-diversity facets (species-, traits- and phylogeny-based), and their components (Beta-total, replacement and richness difference), of ostracod communities associated with macrophytes, in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Furthermore, it was compared these factors amongst the different life forms: emergent, rooted floating, rooted submerged, free submerged and free floating. In the second approach, it was used the local contribution to beta-diversity approach (LCBD) to evaluate the drivers and patterns of ecological uniqueness of the sites, in terms of species composition, in four floodplain systems, Amazon, Araguaia, Pantanal and Paraná. It was gathered data on community composition for eight aquatic biological groups: phytoplankton, ciliates, testate amoebae, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, ostracods and fish. In general, environmental filtering was more important in explaining distribution patterns of communities, and the species sorting mechanism might be responsible for them, within and amongst the floodplains. In the first approach, different environmental and spatial factors influenced each of the beta-diversity facets of ostracod communities (species-, traits- and phylogeny-based). The factors affecting ostracod beta-diversity were different amongst the macrophyte life forms, evidencing the importance of considering them in ecological surveys of associated communities. In the second approach, the Amazon and Paraná floodplains had higher uniqueness in terms of species composition, showing the importance of conservation actions in these ecosystems. Furthermore, the drivers (e.g. environmental variables) and patterns of LCBD were different amongst the different biological groups, evidencing the need to include a variety of taxa. It was considered that the results of this thesis, based on beta-diversity analyses, contributed to a better understanding of drivers and patterns of distribution amongst communities in Neotropical floodplains. This is because researchers can use them as a reference in conservation and restoration plans for these systems and to prevent the destruction of areas with high conservation value, for example, by the construction of dams and reservoirs.
    Description: Avaliar os padrões e preditores da distribuição de espécies é importante, visto que as ações antrópicas têm ameaçado a biodiversidade global. Para isso, pesquisadores têm usado medidas de diversidade-beta, definida como a variação na composição de espécies entre os locais de uma determinada área. Várias medidas de diversidade-beta têm sido produzidas, visto que através desta abordagem tem sido simples elaborar e testar hipóteses ecológicas, considerando a distribuição de espécies. O objetivo desta tese foi contribuir para o conhecimento de padrões e preditores da distribuição de comunidades aquáticas de planícies de inundação Neotropicais. Assim, foi fracionada em duas abordagens, onde foram utilizados dois métodos diferentes de medida de diversidade-beta. Na primeira abordagem, foi avaliado os fatores ambientais e espaciais que afetam as facetas da diversidade-beta (baseado nas espécies, traços e filogenia) e seus componentes (beta-total, replacement e richness difference), das comunidades de ostrácodes associados a diferentes formas de vida de macrófitas aquáticas, na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Esses fatores foram comparados entre as diferentes formas de vida: emergentes, submersas e flutuantes enraizadas e submersas e flutuantes livres. Na segunda abordagem, foi utilizada a análise da contribuição local para a diversidade-beta (LCBD) para avaliar os preditores e padrões da singularidade dos locais, considerando a composição de espécies, em quatro planícies de inundação, Amazonas, Araguaia, Pantanal e Paraná. Para isso, foram analisados oito grupos biológicos aquáticos: fitoplâncton, ciliados, amebas testáceas, rotíferos, cladóceros, copépodes, ostrácodes e peixes. Em geral, os filtros ambientais foram mais importantes para explicar os padrões de distribuição das comunidades, e o mecanismo species sorting pode ser responsável por tais padrões, dentro e entre as planícies de inundação. Na primeira abordagem, diferentes fatores ambientais e espaciais influenciaram cada uma das facetas da diversidade-beta de ostrácodes (baseadas nas espécies, traços e filogenia). Ademais, os fatores que afetaram a diversidade-beta de ostrácodes foram diferentes entre as formas de vida das macrófitas aquáticas, evidenciando a necessidade de considerá-las em estudos ecológicos considerando as comunidades associadas. Na segunda abordagem, as planícies de inundação do Amazonas e Paraná foram as mais singulares em termos de composição de espécies, que avaliam a importância da preservação destes ecossistemas. Os padrões e preditores (variáveis ambientais) da LCBD foram diferentes entre os grupos biológicos, confirmando a importância de incluir diferentes taxa. Os resultados desta tese, baseados em análises de diversidade-beta, contribuíram para um melhor entendimento sobre os padrões e preditores da distribuição de comunidades aquáticas de planícies de inundação Neotropicais. Dessa forma, eles podem ser usados por pesquisadores como referência para planos de restauração e conservação destes ecossistemas, assim como evitar que áreas de grande valor de conservação sejam impactadas, por exemplo, pela construção de reservatórios e hidroelétricas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Organismos aquáticos de água doce ; Fauna aquática de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade-beta ; Estrutura ; Padrões e preditores ; Fatores espaciais e ambientais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic communities ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental factors ; ASFA_2015::P::Phylogeny ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic organisms ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 110pp.
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  • 63
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems are especially vulnerable to species invasion due to their extent, diversity of habitats, and inherent dynamics. Invasive aquatic macrophytes are of great concern because of their great influence on aquatic ecosystems. In this thesis, we sought to contribute to the field of biological invasions of aquatic macrophytes at regional and global levels using knowledge pertinent to monitoring and preventing the introduction of species. Given that, one of the most concerning invasive species in the world, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, was evaluated in different types of environments in a subtropical floodplain. The relationship of occurrences of this species with its main abiotic predictors was investigated, as well as its relationship with the native (equivalent) species Egeria najas Planch. right after its detection and 10 years later. This work contributed with insights regarding the biotic interactions of invaders and natives as well as changes in environmental predictors that highlight anthropogenic impacts that deserve attention. A second work was carried out to leverage knowledge about invasive aquatic macrophytes at a global level. A compilation of data from several available sources was carried regarding the most common pathways of introduction of aquatic macrophytes to identify the regions of origin and destination of these species and their respective functional groups. Such information is crucial for the determination of public policies and management strategies to avoid the introduction of unwanted species. In summary, this thesis helps the characterization of aquatic macrophyte invasions aiming at their prevention.
    Description: Os ecossistemas aquáticos são especialmente vulneráveis à invasão de espécies devido a sua grande extensão, diversidade de habitat e a dinâmica inerente destes habitat. Macrófitas aquáticas invasoras geram muita preocupação devido à sua grande influência nos ecossistemas aquáticos. Buscou-se contribuir para o campo das invasões biológicas de macrófitas aquáticas em nível regional e global com conhecimentos pertinentes ao monitoramento e prevenção de espécies introduzidas. Na primeira abordagem avaliou-se a invasão de uma das espécies de macrófitas invasoras mais preocupantes do mundo, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, em diferentes tipos de ambientes de uma planície subtropical. Investigou-se a relação das ocorrências desta espécie com seus principais preditores abióticos, bem como sua relação com a espécie nativa (morfologicamente semelhante) Egeria najas Planch. nos primeiros anos de sua introdução e 10 anos depois. Tal trabalho destacou as interações bióticas entre a espécie invasora e a nativa bem como mudanças nos preditores ambientais que sugerem impactos antrópicos merecedores de atenção. Uma segunda abordagem foi realizada com o intuito de alavancar o conhecimento sobre macrófitas aquáticas invasoras em um nível global. Foi realizada uma compilação de dados acerca das vias e caminhos de introdução das macrófitas aquáticas a fim de identificar as regiões de origem e destino destas espécies e de seus respectivos grupos funcionais. Tais informações são cruciais para a determinação de políticas públicas e estratégias de manejo para evitar a introdução de espécies indesejadas. Em suma, os resultados das duas abordagens dão suporte a caracterização das invasões de macrófitas aquáticas visando sua prevenção.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Macrófitas aquáticas ; Espécies invasoras ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Diversidade de espécies ; Impacto ambiental ; Monitoramento e prevenção ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 152pp.
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  • 64
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Biological communities derive not from a random distribution of organisms but are the result of many processes that include abiotic factors, biotic interactions, and dispersion. The impact of human activities has affected the structure and functioning of ecological communities at an accelerated pace. The phytoplankton community represents a major primary producer of aquatic environments, therefore factors that interfere with its structure and dynamics can also impact other trophic levels in the ecosystem. In this perspective, functional redundancy was the central theme of the first paper, whose aim was to investigate the response of redundancy in phytoplankton communities to environmental factors, when measured for functional groups and functional traits. For this, six years of data collected quarterly (2008 to 2013) from two temperate and three subtropical lakes were used. Traits and groups were efficient to measure this attribute, however, the traits were more efficient when the structuring process of the communities was the environmental filtering. The functional traits most effectively explain the relationship between redundancy and environment. In the second paper, the influence of hydrodynamics, landscape and resources on the structure of the phytoplankton community during a floodplain lake restoration process was evaluated. As expected, factors related to hydrodynamics and resources (light and nutrients) were determinants for biovolume and density. The relative importance of landscape to community attributes increased over time of restoration. Cyanobacteria were dominant at the beginning of the restoration process, followed by phytoflagellates and diatoms. Aiming to disseminate science, the third article presents basic concepts of phytoplankton ecology and the main results related to the themes of the two scientific papers. In summary, the functional approach in phytoplankton ecology stands out as an important tool for the development of community ecology and for restoration and management of aquatic ecosystems projects.
    Description: Comunidades biológicas não são combinações aleatórias de espécies e sim o resultado de diversos processos que incluem fatores abióticos, interações bióticas e dispersão. As ações antrópicas têm afetado a estrutura e funcionamento das comunidades ecológicas em ritmo acelerado. A comunidade fitoplanctônica representa o principal produtor primário dos ambientes aquáticos, portanto fatores que interferem na sua estrutura e dinâmica, também podem causar impactos nos demais níveis tróficos do ecossistema. Nessa perspectiva, a redundância funcional foi tema central da primeira abordagem, cujo objetivo foi investigar a resposta da redundância de comunidades fitoplanctônicas, diante de fatores ambientais, quando medida para grupos e traços funcionais. Para isso utilizou-se seis anos de dados coletados trimestralmente (2008 a 2013) referentes a dois lagos temperados e três subtropicais. Traços e grupos foram eficientes para medir esse atributo, entretanto os traços foram mais eficientes quando o processo estruturador das comunidades foi a filtragem ambiental. Os traços funcionais do fitoplâncton explicaram de maneira mais eficaz a relação entre redundância e ambiente. Na segunda abordagem, avaliou-se a influência da hidrodinâmica, paisagem e recursos sob a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica durante um processo de restauração de um lago de planície de inundação. Como esperado, os fatores relacionados a hidrodinâmica e aos recursos (luz e nutrientes) foram determinantes para o biovolume e densidade. A importância relativa da paisagem para os atributos da comunidade aumentou ao longo do tempo de restauração. Cianobactérias foram dominantes no início da restauração, seguidas de fitoflagelados e diatomáceas. Com o objetivo de divulgar a ciência, a terceira abordagem apresenta conceitos básicos do fitoplâncton e agrupa os principais resultados referentes a redundância funcional e restauração lacustre. Enfatiza-se o uso de traços e grupos funcionais do fitoplâncton como uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento da ecologia de comunidades e para projetos de restauração e manejo dos ecossistemas aquáticos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Redundância funcional ; Restauração lacustre ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 94pp.
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  • 65
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: The aquatic communities in phytotelmata are structured by several environmental factors, and they act in the trophic and non-trophic interactions of these environments. Phytotelmata are micro-ecosystems of fresh water, rich in species and are considered an excellent study model. Here, we use plants from the family Bromeliaceae of the species Quesnelia arvensis, to investigate the relationships between biotic and abiotic variables and their effects on interactions in phytotelmata. Our hypothesis was that habitat size and canopy cover gradients would determine the abundance of microbiota communities and their interactions. We carried out samples on bromeliads located in the state park of the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso - SP, Brazil, in different canopy cover gradients, in addition we selected plants of different sizes, to investigate the effects of habitat size. To check the interactions between the variables and score the interactions (positive and negative) we use the lasso graphical method, which exemplifies these interactions through a network graph. Also, we performed a simple regression analysis in to determine the correlations between biotic and abiotic variables. Our results indicate that the canopy cover and the size of the habitat (water volume) were the most important variables in interactions in phytothelmata. The canopy cover presented the greatest amount of negative connections, mainly with the levels of ammonia, Culicidae larvae and algae in general, with the exception of phyto-flagellates. In contrast, habitat size showed strong positive connections with rotifers and copepods and did not show any negative connection with other variables. Finally, our results demonstrate that among the set of factors analyzed, canopy cover and habitat size were in fact the most representative, as expected.
    Description: As comunidades aquáticas em fitotelmatas são estruturadas por vários fatores ambientais que atuam nas interações tróficas e não tróficas desses ambientes. Fitotelmatas são microecossistemas de água doce, ricos em biodiversidade e são considerados um excelente modelo de estudo. Foram utilizadas plantas da família Bromeliaceae da espécie Quesnelia arvensis, com o objetivo de investigar as relações entre as variáveis bióticas e abióticas e seus efeitos sobre as interações da microbiota desses ambientes. A hipótese testada foi de que o tamanho do habitat e os gradientes de cobertura de dossel determinariam a abundância das comunidades da microbiota e suas interações. Foram realizadas coletas em bromélias localizadas no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso – SP, Brasil, em diferentes gradientes de cobertura de dossel e tamanhos, a fim de investigar os efeitos do tamanho do habitat. Para verificar as interações entre as variáveis e pontuar as interações (positivas e negativas) foi utilizado o método graphical lasso, que exemplifica essas interações através de um gráfico de rede. Também, foi realizada uma análise de regressão simples a fim de determinar as correlações entre as variáveis bióticas e abióticas. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a cobertura de dossel e o tamanho do habitat foram as variáveis mais importantes nas interações em fitotelmatas. A cobertura de dossel apresentou a maior quantidade de conexões negativas, principalmente com os níveis de amônia, larvas de Culicídeos e algas em geral, com exceção dos fitoflagelados. Em contrapartida, o tamanho do habitat apresentou fortes conexões positivas com os rotíferos e os copépodes e não apresentou nenhuma conexão negativa com outras variáveis. Por fim, corroborando nossa hipótese, os resultados desse estudo demonstram que, dentre o conjunto de fatores analisados, a cobertura de dossel e o tamanho do habitat foram os mais representativos para a estruturação trófica das comunidades da microbiota assim como esperado.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitotelmatas ; Microssistemas de água doce ; Microbiotas aquáticas de água doce ; Interações tróficas ; Variáveis bióticas e abióticas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Bromeliaceae ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic ecology ; ASFA_2015::T::Temperature ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic relationships ; ASFA_2015::P::Predators ; ASFA_2015::P::Plants
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 32pp.
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  • 66
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Freshwater environments are the most vulnerable to climate change, and projected increases in temperature over the coming decades bring an unfavorable scenario for aquatic organisms. Warming, when combined with nutrient availability, can trigger even more complex interactions in the functioning of microbial food webs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of warming and resource availability from detritus on the community structure of freshwater aquatic microbiota (richness, density and beta diversity) using natural microcosms (tank bromeliads) as a model system. Warming was simulated with temperature increase projections for the next decades following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The dry mass (g) of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) from each bromeliad was used as a measure for resource availability (detritus biomass). Detritus biomass caused a negative effect on algal and microfauna density, and for total algal richness. Detritus biomass explained the variation for almost all components of microfauna beta diversity, except for the replacement component (βrepl), where warming was responsible for this variation. For algae the interaction between warming and detritus biomass was most important in explaining the variation in total beta and βrepl, while for the richness difference component (βrich) this variation was explained only by detritus biomass. In summary, the results obtained suggest that warming and increased detritus biomass acted strongly on the structuring of the communities, reducing the density and richness of the aquatic microbiota. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that temperature can increase the dissimilarity of communities of groups of organisms in the heterotrophic plot (microfauna), mainly by species substitution.
    Description: Os ambientes de água doce são os mais vulneráveis às alterações climáticas e, as projeções de aumento da temperatura para as próximas décadas, trazem um cenário desfavorável para organismos aquáticos. O aquecimento, quando combinado com disponibilidade de nutrientes, pode desencadear interações ainda mais complexas no funcionamento das teias alimentares microbianas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do aquecimento e da disponibilidade de recursos proveniente de detritos na estrutura das comunidades da microbiota aquática de água doce (riqueza, densidade e diversidade beta), usando microcosmos naturais (bromélias-tanque) como sistema modelo. O aquecimento foi simulado com as projeções de aumento da temperatura para as próximas décadas seguindo o Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas. A massa seca (g) de matéria orgânica particulada grosseira (CPOM) de cada bromélia foi usada como medida para a disponibilidade de recurso (biomassa de detritos). A biomassa de detritos causou efeito negativo sobre a densidade de algas e da microfauna, e para a riqueza total de algas. A biomassa de detritos explicou a variação para quase todos os componentes da diversidade beta da microfauna, exceto para o componente replacement (βrepl), em que o aquecimento foi responsável por essa variação. Para as algas a interação entre aquecimento e biomassa de detritos foi o mais importante para explicar a variação da beta total e βrepl, enquanto que para o componente de diferença de riqueza (βrich) essa variação foi explicada apenas pela biomassa de detritos. Em síntese, os resultados obtidos indicam que o aquecimento e o aumento da biomassa de detritos atuaram fortemente na estruturação das comunidades, reduzindo a densidade e a riqueza da microbiota aquática. Outrossim, os resultados trazem evidências de que a temperatura pode aumentar a dissimilaridade das comunidades de grupos de organismos da parcela heterotrófica (microfauna), principalmente por substituição de espécies.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Microbiota aquática de água doce ; Microfauna aquática de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Perda de espécies ; Mudanças climáticas ; Temperatura e nutrientes ; ASFA_2015::F::Fresh water ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic communities ; ASFA_2015::M::Microfauna ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic fauna ; ASFA_2015::M::Microcosms ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 67
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Since the classic Forbes publication “The Lake as a Microcosm” in 1887, scientific research on freshwater ecosystems has been boosted due to the formulation of the first limnological concepts. For a long period, scientific research aimed at the spatial distribution of communities was focused on large water bodies, leaving aside studies in small freshwater environments, such as bromeliad phytotelmata. The first work of this thesis carried out a scientometric analysis in virtual databases on bromeliad phytotelmata, and 140 publications were found. South America was the region with the highest number of articles published. Most articles presented predictive designs, focusing on community ecology. Insecta was the most recorded group of organisms. In the second article, it was investigated how the microcrustacean community (composition, abundance and richness) is associated with the phytotelmata of Nidularium innocentii Lem. was influenced by the limnological variables present along the altitudinal gradient. The study was carried out in Serra da Prata, in the state of Paraná. The results did not show a distribution pattern in species richness along the altitudinal gradient, refuting the central domain effect hypothesis among others. However, there were dissimilarities in the composition of microcrustacean species in relation to altitudes. The different climatic types and vegetation types directly influenced the environmental variables in the phytotelmata microcosms, leading to similarities in species composition between altimetric elevations located in the same climatic region and dissimilarities between different climates.
    Description: Desde a clássica publicação de Forbes “The Lake as a Microcosmo”, em 1887, pesquisas científicas em ecossistemas dulcícolas foram impulsionadas devido à formulação dos primeiros conceitos limnológicos. Durante um longo período, pesquisas científicas direcionadas à distribuição espacial de comunidades foram voltadas aos grandes corpos hídricos, deixando de lado estudos em pequenos ambientes de água doce, como fitotelmata de bromeliáceas. Realizou-se uma análise cienciométrica em bases de dados virtuais sobre fitotelmata de bromeliáceas, sendo encontradas 140 publicações. A América do Sul foi a região com maior número de artigos publicados. A maioria dos artigos apresentou delineamentos preditivos, com enfoque sobre ecologia de comunidades. Insecta foi o grupo de organismos mais registrado. Investigou-se como a comunidade de microcrustáceos (composição, abundância e riqueza), associada à fitotelmata de Nidularium innocentii Lem. foi influenciada pelas variáveis limnológicas presentes ao longo do gradiente altitudinal. O estudo foi realizado na Serra da Prata, no estado do Paraná. Os resultados não apresentaram um padrão de distribuição na riqueza de espécies ao longo do gradiente altitudinal, refutando a hipótese do efeito do domínio central dentre outras. Contudo, ocorreram dissimilaridades na composição de espécies de microcrustáceos em relação às altitudes. Os diferentes tipos climáticos e de vegetações influenciaram diretamente as variáveis ambientais nos microcosmos de fitotelmata, levando à similaridades na composição de espécies entre cotas altimétricas localizadas na mesma região climática e dissimilaridades entre climas distintos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Copépodes de fitotelmatas (Crustacea, Copepoda) ; Ostracoda de fitotelmatas (Crustacea, Ostracoda) ; Microcrustáceos de fitotelmatas ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Influências climáticas ; Bromeliaceae ; ASFA_2015::C::Crustaceans (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climate ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 61pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Ecological studies in all environments of the world the effects of non-native species in various parts of the world are discussed. Regarding the invasion of these environments, we highlight the Phylum Sanitary, especially the ecological Mollusa, for presenting numerous gastronomic classes, with many species with potential, which can lead to as many sanitary, as well as sanitary and graves, in places of invasion. Know the invasive species that are reported in their scientific distribution, in this case introduction and the main ones are reported, is of fundamental importance. Knowing the risk of introducing an invasive species, and its impacts on the invaded places, it is necessary to find ways of prevention. A precious tool of meaning is an invasion of the invasive potential of one, thus generating a risk that indicates the suitability of the habitat or probability of occurrence based on the environmental conditions of the native area and the area in which the species may become invasive. . In this way, the adequacy of the invasive Melanoides tuberculata against a native species by Biomphalaria glabra, which is also a species with potential to cause toilets, is of fundamental importance, to predict possible invasion sites, and if the species are competing for the same ecological niches. Thus, the present work is subdivided into two works that address issues such as: a systematic of scientific articles about invasive freshwater gastropods. The second work will address the modeling of the current and future potential distribution of two problematic gastropod species in South America.
    Description: Estudos ecológicos em ambientes aquáticos continentais têm discutido com amplitude o efeito das espécies não nativas em várias partes do mundo. Em relação à invasão destes ambientes, destacamos o Filo Mollusca, principalmente a classe Gastropoda, por apresentar inúmeras espécies, sendo muitas destas espécies com potencial invasor, que podem levar a prejuízos tanto ecológicos, quanto econômicos e sanitários graves, em locais de invasão. Neste caso, conhecer as principais espécies invasoras que são reportadas em artigos científicos, entender sua distribuição global, seus meios de introdução e os principais danos causados, é de fundamental importância. Sabendo do risco de introdução de uma espécie invasora, e seus impactos nos locais invadidos, faz-se necessário estudos de formas de prevenção. Uma ferramenta valiosa nesse sentido é a inferência do potencial invasor de uma espécie, gerando assim um mapa de risco que indique a adequabilidade do habitat ou probabilidade de ocorrência com base nas condições ambientais da área nativa e da área em que a espécie pode vir a se tornar invasora. Deste modo, verificar adequabilidade da espécie invasora Melanoides tuberculata frente a uma espécie nativa Biomphalaria glabrata, que também é uma espécie com potencial causador de prejuízos sanitários, é de fundamental importância, para prevermos os possíveis locais de invasão, e se as espécies estão competindo pelos mesmos nichos ecológicos. Deste modo, foi efetuado uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos a respeito de gastrópodes invasores de água doce. Em um segundo momento foi efetuado uma modelagem da distribuição potencial atual e futura de duas espécies de gastrópodes problemáticas na América do Sul.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Melanoides tuberculata Müller, 1774 (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) ; Gastrópodes não nativos de água doce ; Nichos ecológicos ; Invasões biológicas ; Mudanças climáticas ; Impactos ambientais ; Comunidades, Dinâmica de ; Ecologia ; Vetores de introdução ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Efeito sanitário ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluscs (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological niches ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::H::Health ; ASFA_2015::M::Mollusks (freshwater)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 72pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Global warming can affect thedistribution and development of organisms indirectly through changes in climate patterns and thus, in the habitat of species and, directly through the influence of high temperatures on the physiological and morphological development of organisms. These changes in thepatterns of species density, feeding and reproduction driven by warming and environmental changes also induce changes in the ecological relationships in which these organisms are involved. Thus, we investigated how these two effects of global warming, affect the performance, distribution and ecological relationships of zooplankton species, using functional responses of the organisms, such as biomass production and functional traits, in order to link these changes in zooplankton with ecosystem services. This studyis divided into three approaches, microcosm experiments controlling three temperatures, predation and competition and, a spatial and temporal approach in the upper Paraná River floodplain. In our experiments, we observed that temperature increases indeed lead to more complex relationships inside food webs, with possible negative consequences for aquatic ecosystems. However, the temperature was not the predominant factor in determining the performance of subtropical and temperate cladoceran species, as predation was the mainly structuring factor, changing the performance and competition among species. The study with the spatial and temporal approach showed that extreme climate events modify the limnological heterogeneity of shallow lakes, consequentlyaltering zooplankton species and functional traits, especially by species and traits substitution among environments (beta replacement). Factors related to predation, food availability, limnological variables and, temporal variations influenced differently the zooplankton functional beta diversity depending on the climatic event and the type of lake (connected or isolated), but limnological variables are in fact the most important factor in structuring the zooplankton distribution. Both warming and changes in climate patterns (especially intense dry seasons) negatively affected zooplankton organisms, reducing biomass production, secondary production and, the richness of functional traits among environments. The reduction of these zooplankton functional variables has negative consequences for energy stocks and, the flow of matter inside aquatic food webs, changing the ecosystem services.
    Description: O aquecimento global pode afetar a distribuição e o desenvolvimento dos organismos indiretamente através das mudanças nos padrões climáticos e, assim, no habitat das espécies, e diretamente através da influência das altas temperaturas sobre o desenvolvimento fisiológico e morfológico dos organismos. Essas mudanças nos padrões de densidade, alimentação e reprodução das espécies conduzidas pelo aquecimento e mudanças ambientais induzem também alterações nas relações ecológicas em que esses organismos estão envolvidos. Desta maneira, tivemos como objetivo investigar como esses dois efeitos do aquecimento global, afetam a performance, a distribuição e as relações ecológicas das espécies zooplanctônicas, utilizando respostas funcionais dos organismos, como a produção de biomassa e traços funcionais, com o intuito de conectar essas alterações no zooplâncton com os serviços ecossistêmicos. Para responder a este objetivo, foram realizados experimentos em microcosmos controlando três temperaturas, predação e competição; e trabalho de campo com uma abordagem espacial e temporal na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Nos experimentos observou-se que o aumento de temperatura de fato leva a relações mais complexas dentro das cadeias alimentares com possíveis consequências negativas para os ecossistemas aquáticos. Porém, a temperatura não foi o fator predominante em determinar a performance das espécies de cladóceros de climas temperado e subtropical, sendo que a predação foi o fator estruturante, alterando a performance e as relações de competição entre as espécies. Por meio da abordagem espacial e temporal, observou-se que os eventos climáticos extremos alteram a heterogeneidade limnológica dos lagos rasos com consequente alteração das espécies e dos traços funcionais do zooplâncton, especialmente por meio da substituição de espécies e traços entre os ambientes (beta replacement). Os fatores relacionados a predação, disponibilidade de alimento, variáveis limnológicas e as variações temporais influenciaram diferentemente a diversidade beta funcional do zooplâncton dependendo do evento climático e do tipo de lagoa (conectada ou isolada), mas,de fato as variáveis limnológicas foram o fator mais importante em estruturar a distribuição do zooplâncton. Tanto o aquecimento quanto as mudanças nos padrões climáticos (especialmente períodos de secas intensas) afetaram negativamente os organismos zooplanctônicos, com redução na produção de biomassa, na produção secundária, e na riqueza de traços funcionais entre os ambientes. A redução dessas variáveis funcionais do zooplâncton tem consequências negativas para os estoques de energia e para o fluxo de matéria dentro das cadeias alimentares aquáticas, com alterações nos serviços ecossistêmicos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Zooplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Competição ; Diversidade funcional ; Mudanças climáticas ; La Niña e El Niño ; Predação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::P::Predation ; ASFA_2015::C::Competition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 122pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Reservoirs shores are usually colonized by submerged macrophytes, which have a high influence over the functional diversity of fish assemblages. However, there are also intense anthropogenic activities in these habitats, which may affect the functional structure of fish communities as well. Thus, aiming to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic activities and habitat complexity, provided by submerged macrophytes, on the functional diversity of the ichthyofauna of reservoirs, sampling was carried out in three sites in the marginal areas of the Itaipu reservoir, in places near and apart artificial beaches, with and without submerged macrophytes. Functional traits used were morphometric measurements taken from the sampled individuals (intraspecific traits), which were used to calculate three functional diversity indexes: functional richness, evenness and divergence. In general, we found no patterns in functional diversity indexes regarding the distance from artificial beaches (among sampling stations). In contrast, habitat complexity influenced the functional diversity of fish assemblages, which presented different results depending on macrophytes density. While functional richness increased in higher complexities, the opposite occurred considering functional evenness. Additionally, functional divergence was higher in regions without macrophytes. In conclusion, this study improves the knowledge on the importance of different habitats in the maintenance of the functional diversity of fishes in habitats of reservoirs shores, supporting the implementation of management and conservation strategies in these environments.
    Description: Regiões litorâneas de reservatórios são normalmente colonizadas por bancos de macrófitas submersas, que possuem elevada influência sobre a diversidade funcional das assembleias aquáticas, inclusive peixes. Apesar disso, esses habitats apresentam alta influência antropogênica, o que também pode afetar a estruturação funcional de comunidades aquáticas. Portanto, para avaliar a influência das atividades antropogênicas e da complexidade de habitat, proporcionada pelas macrófitas, sobre a diversidade funcional da ictiofauna, foram amostrados três braços do reservatório de Itaipu, em regiões de praias artificiais e em locais afastados destas áreas (não praia), considerando a presença e ausência de macrófitas submersas. Traços funcionais derivados de variáveis morfométricas foram usados para o cálculo dos índices de riqueza, equitabilidade e divergência funcional, que incorporaram a variação intraespecífica das assembleias amostradas. Em geral, não houveram diferenças nos índices de diversidade funcional em função da proximidade de praias artificiais. Em contraste, a complexidade de habitat influenciou a diversidade funcional da ictiofauna e as respostas dos índices dependeram da densidade de macrófitas. Enquanto a riqueza funcional aumentou em maiores complexidades, foi observado o inverso em relação a equitabilidade funcional. Por fim, a divergência funcional foi maior em regiões de margem, sem macrófitas submersas. Por meio dos padrões identificados, esse trabalho contribui com o conhecimento sobre a importância dos diferentes habitats para a diversificação funcional das espécies de peixes em regiões litorâneas nos braços de reservatórios, com estrutura decorrente de macrófitas submersas, servindo como base para implementação de estratégias de manejo e conservação nestes ambientes.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce, Assembléia de ; Ecologia de reservatórios ; Diversidade funcional ; Habitat ; Complexidade estrutural ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::H::Habitat ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: In the study it was verified if the habitat complexity, assessed through macrophyte biomass, can mediate the interaction between fish and invertebrates, and help to explain the coexistence of congeneric species. Fish and invertebrates were sampled in ten macrophytes stand with different biomasses in upper Paraná River floodplain. The abundance and richness of invertebrates, the diet and the niche breadth of Moenkhausia bonita and Moenkhausia forestii were evaluated, as well as the overlap of the diet between the congeneric species. With the increase in macrophyte biomass, there was an increase in the abundance of invertebrates, however, the richness did not show a significant influence from the biomass. The diet of both species differed between macrophytes stands with different biomasses, the main difference being the decrease in invertebrate consumption, mainly aquatic, and the increase in consumption of plants. In addition, the consumption of the items proved to be dependent on their profitability and accessibility in the environment. The niche breadth of both species increased with the increase in macrophyte biomass, but there was no overlap of the niche between them. The results showed that although there was an increase in the invertebrate abundance, there was a decrease in the consumption of this resource, indicating that more complex stands can be more effective refuges for aquatic invertebrates. These results reveal the role of habitat complexity in mediating the interaction between fish and invertebrates, promoting coexistence between them, which helps to explain also the coexistence of ecologically similar fish species.
    Description: Neste estudo verificou-se se a complexidade do habitat, avaliada por meio da biomassa de macrófitas, pode mediar a interação entre peixes e invertebrados, e ajudar a explicar a coexistência de espécies congêneres. Peixes e invertebrados foram amostrados em dez bancos de macrófitas com diferentes biomassas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Foram avaliadas a abundância e a riqueza de invertebrados, a dieta e a amplitude do nicho de Moenkhausia bonita e de Moenkhausia forestii, assim como a sobreposição da dieta entre as espécies. Com o incremento da biomassa de macrófitas houve uma ampliação na abundância de invertebrados, porém a riqueza não mostrou uma relação significativa com a biomassa. A dieta de ambas as espécies diferiu entre os bancos, tendo um decréscimo no consumo de invertebrados, principalmente aquáticos, e incremento no consumo de vegetal com o aumento da biomassa. Ademais, o consumo dos itens mostrou-se dependente da rentabilidade e acessibilidade deles no ambiente. A amplitude do nicho de ambas as espécies aumentou conforme houve um incremento na biomassa de macrófitas, porém não houve sobreposição do nicho entre elas. Os resultados mostraram que embora tenha ocorrido aumento na abundância de invertebrados, houve um decréscimo no consumo deste recurso, indicando que bancos com maior complexidade podem ser refúgios mais efetivos para os invertebrados aquáticos. Estes resultados indicaram o papel da complexidade do habitat em mediar a interação entre peixes e invertebrados, promovendo a coexistência entre eles, assim como a coexistência das espécies de peixes ecologicamente similares.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecologia trófica ; Ecologia de rio ; Forrageamento ótimo, Teoria do ; Relação peixe-macrófita ; Habitat ; Complexidade estrutural ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::B::Biomass ; ASFA_2015::P::Predators ; ASFA_2015::P::Prey ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic relationships ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::A::Associations (ecological)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 37pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Habitat complexity is one of the main factors determining biological diversity and its assessment is a challenge that involves several variables. Submerged macrophytes are responsible for changes in habitat complexity and may enhance habitat conditions for different species. These plants usually colonize natural and artificial lentic environments, such as reservoirs, which have abiotic characteristics favorable to their establishment. The construction of the Itaipu Dam and the filling of the reservoir favored the establishment of macrophytes due to changes in flow dynamics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether habitat complexity, provided by macrophytes, is associated with changes in fish assemblage attributes (abundance, richness, and evenness) and composition. Linear regression models were applied to test the relationship between abundance, richness, and evenness with habitat complexity (expressed as macrophyte density - g/m²). In addition, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and Spearman correlations were used to assess changes in the composition of fish assemblages according to macrophytes density. The results indicate a direct relationship between habitat complexity and fish assemblage attributes as well as associations between macrophyte density and fish assemblage composition, improving the knowledge about species preference for different levels of complexity. Thus, it is important to consider the behavior of species known to cause economic and ecological issues for future management and conservation efforts.
    Description: A complexidade de habitat é um dos fatores determinantes para a manutenção da diversidade biológica e, avaliar sua influência, é um desafio que envolve muitas variáveis. As macrófitas submersas são responsáveis por alterar a complexidade dos habitats, podendo promover melhores condições de habitat para um maior número de espécies. Essas plantas geralmente colonizam ambientes lênticos naturais e, também, artificiais, como reservatórios, que possuem características abióticas favoráveis ao seu crescimento. A construção do reservatório de Itaipu favoreceu a proliferação de macrófitas devido às alterações na dinâmica da água. Avaliou-se a complexidade de habitat, proporcionada pelas macrófitas, está associada com mudanças nos atributos (abundância, riqueza e equitabilidade) e na composição da assembleia de peixes do reservatório de Itaipu. Foram utilizadas regressões lineares para verificar a relação entre a abundância, riqueza e equitabilidade com a complexidade de habitat (representada pela densidade de macrófitas - g/m²). Na sequência uma Análise de Coordenadas Principais (PCoA) e correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliaras alterações na composição das assembleias de acordo com a densidade de macrófitas. Houve relação direta entre a complexidade de habitat e os atributos das assembleias. Também foi possível identificar relações entre a densidade de macrófitas com a composição das assembleias, contribuindo com conhecimento relacionado à preferência de espécies por ambientes com determinados níveis de complexidade. Dessa forma, é importante considerar o comportamento de algumas dessas espécies, conhecidas por causarem prejuízos econômicos e ecológicos aos locais, para as ações de manejo e conservação futuras.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Macrófitas aquáticas submersas ; Assembleia ; Interação peixe-planta ; Complexidade estrutural ; Reservatórios ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 39pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: The objective was to redescribe Cambeva stawiarski, using internal morphological data, external morphology, morphometry and meristic data, through the revision of the type-material and material deposited in fish collections. In this process, we have also added comments on the possible Cambeva stawiarski type-locality and described a new species of Cambeva, endemic to the Rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil. Cambeva stawiarski and the new species are diagnosed by the number of procurrent caudal-fin rays dorsally and ventrally; number of vertebrae; number of pectoral-fin rays; number of branchiostegal rays; small notch on the distal margin of the caudal-fin; head length; caudal peduncle depth; and the colouration pattern of the body. In addition, the species are compared with other possibly related species and the synapomorphic characters of these groups of species are discussed. With confirmation of the endemism of Cambeva stawiaski and the description of a new species of Cambeva for the Rio Iguaçu basin, we confirm important biogeographic patterns on the endemism of this hydrographic basin and in the use of osteological data in the description of Cambeva species
    Description: O objetivo foi redescrever Cambeva stawiarski, com base em dados morfológicos internos, morfologia externa, morfometria e dados merísticos, por meio da revisão do material tipo e de material depositado em coleções ictiológicas. Neste processo, fora acrescentado comentários sobre a possível localidade-tipo de Cambeva stawiarski e descreveu-se uma nova espécie de Cambeva, endêmica da bacia do rio Iguaçu, Brasil. Cambeva stawiarski e a nova espécie são diagnosticadas pela combinação de caracteres como número de raios procurrentes caudais dorsais e ventrais; número de vértebras; número de raios na nadadeira peitoral; número de raios branquiostegais; nadadeira caudal com pequeno entalhe na margem distal; comprimento da cabeça; altura do pedúnculo caudal; e padrão de colorido do corpo. As espécies também são comparadas com outras espécies possivelmente relacionadas e os caracteres sinapomórficos desses grupos de espécies são discutidos. Com a confirmação do endemismo de Cambeva stawiarski e a descrição de uma nova espécie de Cambeva para a bacia do rio Iguaçu, confirmamos importantes padrões biogeográficos sobre o endemismo da bacia hidrográfica e sobre a utilização de dados osteológicos na descrição de espécies de Cambeva.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Cambeva stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro, 1968) (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) “candiru” ; Taxonomia ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Morphology (animal)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 59pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Partitioning patterns of dissimilarity (beta diversity) into contributions of single sites or individual species is a modern approach to understanding what the main factors affect and cause variation in biodiversity. In this context, estimating the contributions of single sites to overall beta diversity (LCBD) or into contributions of individual species to overall beta diversity (SCBD) has proven to be a good approach to improve the knowledge of drivers of beta diversity. We explored the contributions of each site and species to the overall algae and cyanobacteria beta diversity of 77 natural freshwater micro-ecosystems (i.e., tank bromeliads) of a neotropical ecosystem. We found that LCBD was negatively affected by Shannon's diversity, turbidity, and luminosity (% canopy cover). Cyanobacteria and green algae were the groups that most contributed SCBD values. The negative relationship between LCBD and the Shannon index indicates that micro-ecosystems with less diversity reflect unique characteristics, and LCBD values can easily predict these environments. LCBD values can indicate these environments as priorities for management and conservation.
    Description: Particionar padrões de dissimilaridade (diversidade beta) em contribuições dos locais ou de espécies é uma abordagem moderna para compreender quais os principais fatores afetam e provocam variação na biodiversidade. Neste contexto, estimar a contribuição local para o pool regional de espécies (LCBD) e a contribuição de cada espécies para a diversidade beta (SCBD) tem se mostrado uma eficiente abordagem para inferir sobre mecanismos condutores da diversidade beta. Nesse estudo foram exploradas as contribuições de cada local e espécies para a diversidade beta total de algas e cianobactérias de 77 microecossistemas naturais de água doce (i.e., bromélias-tanque) de um ecossistema neotropical. A LCBD foi afetada negativamente pela diversidade de Shannon, turbidez e luminosidade (% cobertura de dossel) A relação negativa do LCBD com o índice de Shannon indica que locais menos diversos podem refletir em ambientes com características específicas. Cianobactérias e fitoflagelados apresentaram maior contribuição para os valores de SCBD. A compreensão da influência do LCBD e SCBD na distribuição dos padrões da diversidade beta podem facilmente prever esses ambientes com características singulares, fazendo dos mesmos prioritários para práticas de manejo e conservação.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Fitoplâncton de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Determinantes ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Islands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 50pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Given the great diversity of Neotropical fish species, as well as the importance of such organisms as a link within aquatic food chains, it is essential to assess different processes that drive the spatial organization of their communities. It is known that the structure of fish assemblages varies markedly in relation to space, depending on abiotic factors, biotic interactions, and dispersion processes. However, these determining factors in the structuring of fish communities vary indiscriminately in dammed aquatic bodies. The course of large rivers has been altered due to the construction of reservoirs and the number of projects under construction or inventoried has been increasing significantly in recent decades. Therefore, evaluating how the spatial organization of fish assemblages occurs in environments (i.e., dammed), as well as unraveling the predictors associated with this organization is of extremely important for conservation purposes and the implementation of management measures. To investigate such aspects in dammed environments, in the first study three cascades of reservoirs belonging to different hydrographic basins were studied, in which the effects of these reservoirs arranged in series on the patterns of diversity, distribution and richness of the assemblages were evaluated. In the second study, 29 reservoirs located in the state of Parana were evaluated in order to identify relationships between the organization of fish trophic guilds and environmental, spatial and morphological predictors. The results found suggest that, in most of the studied environments, the environmental changes caused by the construction of dams, as well as their morphological characteristics and modes of operation have negative effects on the diversity, distribution and abundance of fish species and exert an influence on the different fish trophic guilds.
    Description: Dada a grande diversidade de espécies de peixes contidas na região Neotropical, bem como a importância desses organismos como elo nas cadeias tróficas aquáticas, se faz necessário conhecer os distintos processos que governam a organização espacial de suas comunidades. Sabe-se que a estrutura das assembleias de peixes varia acentuadamente em relação ao espaço a depender de fatores abióticos, interações bióticas e processos de dispersão. Entretanto, esses fatores determinantes na estruturação das comunidades de peixes variam indiscriminadamente em corpos aquáticos barrados. O curso de grandes rios tem sido alterado devido a construção de reservatórios e o numero de empreendimentos em construção ou inventariados vem aumentando significativamente nas ultimas décadas. Portanto, avaliar como ocorre a organização espacial das assembleias de peixes nesses ambientes (i.e., barrados), bem como desvendar os preditores associados a essa organização e de extrema importância para fins conservacionistas e implementações de medidas de manejo. Para investigar tais aspectos, na primeira abordagem foram estudadas três cascatas de reservatórios pertencentes a diferentes bacias hidrográficas, para avaliar os efeitos da disposição em serie dos reservatórios nos padrões de diversidade, distribuição e riqueza das assembleias de peixes. Na segunda abordagem, foram avaliados 29 reservatórios situados no estado do Paraná com o objetivo de identificar relações entre a organização das guildas tróficas de peixes com preditores ambientais, espaciais e morfológicos. Os resultados encontrados pelas duas abordagens sugerem que, na maioria dos reservatórios estudados, as alterações ambientais provocadas devido a construção de barragens, bem como suas características morfológicas e modos de operação tem efeitos negativos sobre a diversidade, distribuição e abundancia das espécies de peixes e exercem influencia sobre as diferentes guildas tróficas de peixes.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Assembleia ; Guildas tróficas ; Cascata de reservatórios ; Padrões de distribuição ; Cascata de reservatórios Neotropicais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::T::Trophic levels ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::F::Food chains ; ASFA_2015::D::Distribution ; ASFA_2015::S::Spatial distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 153pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-29
    Description: Biological invasion processes are complex phenomena and comprise one of the greatest challenges for the conservation of biodiversity in continental aquatic environments. The pressure of propagules, i.e., the number of non-native individuals released and the number of release events, is among the different mechanisms involved in these decisive processes for the successful establishment of non-native species. In this scenario, aquaculture is an important source of propagules of species with high invasive potential, such as Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as accidental escapes and intentional releases from production ponds are recurrent. Nine small streams, tributaries of the Piquiri River (Paraná, Brazil), were sampled to evaluate the effect of aquaculture on fish assemblages in neotropical streams. The watersheds of these streams differ in percentage of aquaculture occupation, and this difference was used as a proxy for propagule pressure of O. niloticus in natural environments. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the effects of different intensities of aquaculture production of tilapia on the richness patterns, composition and structure of the ichthyofauna, testing the hypothesis that the increase in propagule pressure of this species alters the patterns of occurrence and abundance of assemblages, as well as discuss the effects of this species on the functional structure of ichthyofauna, observing the effect of aquaculture occupation on responses of functional diversity indexes and on dissimilarity patterns among the different streams. The results indicated that streams with no aquaculture occupation and with no presence of O. Niloticus had more similar compositions and differed in patterns of occurrence and distribution of ichthyofauna from streams under aquaculture activity. In addition, the presence of tilapia altered the functional diversity indexes in the streams, as the species presented more extreme traits that allow it to increase the functional space of receptor environments and promote greater niche differentiation. The results reinforce the potential of aquaculture as an important source of propagules of non-native species for natural environments and raise attention to the structuring power of tilapia on the taxonomic and functional composition of native ichthyofauna.
    Description: Os processos de invasão biológica são fenômenos complexos e compreendem um dos maiores desafios para a conservação da biodiversidade em ambientes aquáticoscontinentais. Dentre os diferentes mecanismos envolvidos nesses processos, a pressão de propágulos, isto é, o número de indivíduos não nativos liberados e o número de eventos de liberação são determinantes no sucesso de estabelecimento de espécies não nativas. Neste cenário, a aquicultura se insere como uma importante fonte de propágulos de espécies com alto potencial invasor, a exemplo da Tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, uma vez que os escapes acidentais e as solturas intencionais dos tanques de produção são recorrentes. A fim de avaliar a influênciada aquiculturasobre as assembleias de peixes em riachos Neotropicais, nove riachos de pequena ordem,afluentes do rio Piquiriforam amostrados. Estes riachosdiferem quanto a porcentagem de ocupação aquícola emsuas microbacias, sendo essa diferença utilizada como um proxyda pressão de propágulos de O. niloticuspara ambientes naturais. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivosavaliar os efeitos de diferentes intensidades deprodução aquícolada tilápiasobre os padrões de riqueza,composição eestrutura da ictiofauna, testando-se a hipótese de que o aumento da pressão de propágulos dessa espécie alteraos padrões deocorrência e deabundância das assembleias, bem comodiscutir os efeitosdessa mesma espécie sobre a estrutura funcional da ictiofauna, observando-se a influência da ocupação aquícola nas respostas dos índices de diversidade funcional e nos padrões de dissimilaridade entre os diferentes riachos. Os resultados indicaramqueriachos sem ocupação aquícola e sem a presença deO. niloticusforammais similares em suas composiçõese diferiramnospadrões de ocorrência e distribuição da ictiofauna dos riachos com atividade aquícola. Observou-se também a presença da espécie alterou os índices de diversidade funcional entre os riachos, por apresentar traços mais extremos que lhe permitem aumentar o espaço funcional dos ambientes receptores e promover maior diferenciação de nicho. Os resultados reforçam o potencial da aquicultura como uma fonte importante de propágulos de espécies não nativas para ambientes naturais e atentam para o poder estruturador da tilápia sobre a composição taxonômica e funcional da ictiofauna nativa.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de riachos, Assembleia de ; Peixes de água doce ; Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Bioinvasões ; Invasões biológicas ; Potencial invasor ; Composição taxonômica e funcional ; Ecologia ; Impactos ; Produção aquícola ; Pressão de Propágulos ; Piscicultura ; Tanques escavados ; Escapes e solturas ; Ocupação aquícola ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquaculture ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::I::Ichthyofauna ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish ponds ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::R::Release mechanisms ; ASFA_2015::P::Pisciculture ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 79pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-12
    Description: Our knowledge on temporal and fine- and broad-scale patterns of biodiversity, as a basis for biogeographical models and conservation planning, have been few explored to two fundamental components of beta diversity: replacement and richness difference. Whether variability in these components of beta diversity is congruent in space and time for disparate biological groups, which show wide variation in functional traits (e.g., dispersal mode), is, hitherto, unknown. Moreover, one of the main standing paradigms is to understand whether the empirical biogeographic patterns of macro-organisms also apply to micro-organisms. This thesis consists of three papers. The first one aimed to determine whether the cross-taxon congruence of taxonomic and functional beta diversity and its components varies across space, and time. Our results showed how detailed hierarchical analyses can reveal hidden patterns of cross-taxon congruence. We partly supported the hypothesis that the strength of cross-taxon congruence generally decreases with the increase of functional distances between pairs of biological groups. In the second paper, we contrasted longitudinal patterns in the total beta diversity and its components in the last non-dammed stretch of the Paraná River for actively (fish) and passively (phytoplankton) dispersing biological groups. The results ratify that biodiversity patterns exhibited by single biological groups do not necessarily match those of other groups that show wide variation in biological features. Our findings have improved understanding of tributary-induced heterogeneity and highlight the importance of dam-free stretches of rivers for preserving its integrity. In the third paper, we used morphological data from live organisms and molecular data to verify which approach better explain the role of environmental and spatial predictors on the ciliates structuration, as well as clarify their biogeography. We found that environmental filters had a greater influence on the morphological than on the molecular site-by-site dissimilarities. Meanwhile, biogeographic factors and the distance among sites limit the distribution of molecular-based composition, resulting in significantly different species compositions in each of the floodplain-associated lakes analyzed. In summary, the findings of this thesis suggest that conservation biology and environmental assessment need to monitor different biological groups, as well as take into account for the choice of taxonomic resolution, as each group and approach provides unique insights.
    Description: O conhecimento sobre padrões temporais e espaciais locais e regionais da biodiversidade, como base para modelos biogeográficos e planejamento de conservação, foi pouco explorado para dois componentes fundamentais da diversidade beta: substituição e diferença de riqueza. Avaliar até que ponto a variabilidade nesses componentes da diversidade beta é congruente no espaço e no tempo para grupos biológicos distintos, que possuem ampla variação em suas características funcionais (por exemplo, modo de dispersão) é, até agora, desconhecido. Ademais, um dos principais paradigmas da ecologia é entender se os padrões biogeográficos empíricos dos macrorganismos também se aplicam aos microrganismos. Assim, esta tese é composta por três segmentos. O primeiro teve como objetivo determinar se a congruência entre táxons da diversidade beta taxonômica e funcional e seus componentes variam ao longo do espaço e do tempo. Os resultados mostraram como análises hierárquicas detalhadas podem revelar padrões ocultos de congruência entre táxons. Foi apoiada parcialmente a hipótese de que a força da congruência entre táxons geralmente diminui com o aumento das distâncias funcionais entre pares de grupos biológicos. No segundo segmento, foram contrastados padrões longitudinais na diversidade beta total e seus componentes no último trecho não represado do rio Paraná para grupos biológicos de dispersão ativa (peixe) e passiva (fitoplâncton). Os resultados ratificam que os padrões de biodiversidade exibidos por grupos biológicos únicos não coincidem necessariamente com os de outros grupos que mostram grande variação nas características biológicas. Estas descobertas melhoram a compreensão da heterogeneidade induzida por tributários e destacam a importância dos trechos de rios livre de barramentos para preservar sua integridade. No terceiro segmento, foram utilizados dados morfológicos de organismos vivos e dados moleculares para verificar qual abordagem explica melhor o papel dos preditores ambientais e espaciais na estruturação de protistas ciliados, bem como tentar esclarecer sua biogeografia. Foi demonstrado que os filtros ambientais tiveram uma maior influência na dissimilaridade par a par baseada em dados morfológicos do que nas baseadas em dados moleculares. Entretanto, fatores biogeográficos, impostos pela distância entre os locais, limitam a distribuição da composição baseada em dados moleculares, resultando em composições de espécies significativamente distintas em cada um dos lagos associados às planícies de inundação analisadas. Em resumo, os resultados desta tese demonstram que a biologia da conservação e a avaliação ambiental precisam monitorar diferentes grupos biológicos, bem como levar em consideração a escolha da resolução taxonômica, pois cada grupo e abordagem fornecem insights exclusivos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Ecologia de água doce ; Biodiversidade ; Dispersão ; Biologia da conservação ; Padrões biogeográficos ; Sistema rio-planície de inundação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::D::Dispersion ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::R::Rivers ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogeography
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 159pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-06-18
    Description: Ecosystems respond to the direct, indirect and synergistic effects of global changes caused by human activity. The understanding of the impacts of these changes and especially of the interaction between the impacts is still limited, especially for aquatic environments, because the interaction between them is rarely considered in environmental studies and assessments. We conducted a systematic literature review on the combination of the factors (i) increase of CO2, (ii) eutrophication and (iii) non-native species to verify how these factors have been considered in the context of climate change in freshwater ecosystems studies. Through the Web of Science database, we searched for articles published in English, up to 2020. Following the PRISMA protocol, 62 articles were analyzed. Only 8% of them addressed the combination of the three factors, among them, eutrophication was the most evaluated global change. Still, the studies do not seem to be looking for answers in a broad way and covering several ecological aspects, since they are concentrated in specific regions such as the Netherlands and United States (44%). Studies most focus on one type of environment, the lentic; use organisms from the base of the food-web; apply the experimental approach; evaluate one organizational level (community) and one response variable (biomass). We identified that the effect of the combination of factors is rarely classified with the terms synergistic and antagonist, even when the authors find these patterns. Our main findings reveal that little attention has been given to the combination of factors in freshwater ecosystems. We also find that when interactions are considered, non-native species tend to be favored and algal blooms intensified (74%). Considering that one of the major challenges is to understand how the interaction between global change factors will affect ecosystems, the combinations of factors still need to be prioritized in studies of aquatic ecosystems.
    Description: Os ecossistemas respondem aos efeitos diretos, indiretos e sinérgicos das mudanças globais causadas pela atividade humana. A compreensão sobre os impactos dessas mudanças e principalmente da interação entres os impactos ainda é limitada, especialmente para os ambientes aquáticos, pois raramente a interação entre eles é considerada nos estudos e avaliações ambientais. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura para verificar como a combinação dos fatores: (i) aumento da concentração de CO2, (ii) eutrofização, e (iii) espécies não nativas, está sendo abordada no contexto de mudanças globais em ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. Por meio da plataforma Web of Science, procurou-se por artigos publicados em inglês, até 2020. Seguindo o protocolo PRISMA, 62 artigos foram analisados. Apenas 8% dos estudos abordaram a combinação dos três fatores, dentre eles, a eutrofização foi o fator de mudança global mais avaliado. Ainda, os estudos não parecem estar buscando respostas de forma ampla e abrangendo diversos aspectos ecológicos, visto que, se concentram em regiões específicas, na Holanda e nos Estados Unidos (44%), focam em ambientes lênticos; utilizam majoritariamente organismos da base da cadeia trófica; são em sua maioria experimentais; e avaliam um nível organizacional (comunidade) e uma variável resposta (biomassa). Raramente o efeito da combinação dos fatores é classificado com os termos sinérgico e antagônico, mesmo quando os autores encontram esses padrões. Como resultados principais evidenciou-se que pouca atenção tem sido dada à combinação dos fatores nos ecossistemas aquáticos continentais. Os estudos analisados mostraram que quando consideradas as interações, espécies não nativas tendem a ser favorecidas e florações algais intensificadas (74%). Considerando que um dos maiores desafios atuais é compreender como a interação entre fatores de mudanças globais afetará os ecossistemas, a combinação de fatores ainda precisa ser priorizada nos estudos dos ecossistemas aquáticos.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecossistemas de água doce ; Ambientes aquáticos continentais ; Mudanças globais ; Múltiplos fatores ; Efeitos da ação do homem ; Impactos ambientais sinérgicos ; Revisão de literatura ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Eutrophication ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::L::Literature reviews
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 42pp.
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  • 79
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-04
    Description: Species are exposed to natural climate change throughout their evolutionary history. However, anomalous global warming and resulting variations in rainfall patterns affect survival, alter the distribution of organisms and the network of species interactions. The aim of this thesis was to find larger-scale (basin and biome level) patterns for the possible effects of climate change on the distribution of South American freshwater ostracods through ensemble analysis of several species-distribution modelling algorithms. Here, climate change was based on two assumptions of increasing carbon emissions, the moderate-optimistic (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) scenarios of four climate models (AOGCMs), from 2050 and 2080. In the first approach, projections of changes in ostracod species richness and composition were presented, and conservation status of 61 species from 13 river basins in the Southern Cone. In the second approach, the geographical pattern of a symbiotic interspecific interaction of commensalism type was evaluated through the climatic suitability of Elpidium (Ostracoda) and tank bromeliads of the Atlantic Forest, and the availability of habitat for Elpidium (presence of tank bromeliads) in the future. For both approaches, climate change directly influenced the decrease in future distribution areas of ostracods. The results of the first approach showed a decrease in ostracod richness in the Southern Cone basins of South America, and different species compositions in 2050 and 2080, in both the moderate-optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. The decrease in the ranges of ostracods will change the conservation status of several species to “potentially threatened”. Elpidium ranges will be more limited in the future, and there will be less habitat availability, i.e. fewer tank bromeliad species for interaction. In general, precipitation and temperature regimes are synchronized with phenological life-history events of the species, which determine the direction of dispersal to the environmental set of optimal survival conditions in the future. Our results contribute to the inclusion of ostracods (and other invertebrates) in conservation plans for their habitats on larger geographical scales.
    Description: Espécies estão expostas às mudanças climáticas naturais ao longo de sua história evolutiva, entretanto o aquecimento global anômalo e as variações resultantes nos padrões pluviométricos afetam a sobrevivência, alteram a distribuição dos organismos e a rede de interações das espécies. O objetivo desta tese foi encontrar padrões em maior escala (nível de bacia e bioma) dos possíveis efeitos da mudança climática sobre a distribuição de ostrácodes de água doce da América do Sul, através de análise conjunta de diversos algoritmos de modelagem de distribuição de espécies. A mudança climática foi baseada em duas hipóteses de aumento das emissões de carbono, os cenários moderado-otimista (RCP 4.5) e pessimista (RCP 8.5) de quatro modelos climáticos (AOGCMs) de 2050 e 2080. Na primeira abordagem foram apresentadas projeções de mudanças na riqueza e composição de espécies de ostrácodes e status de conservação de 61 espécies de treze bacias hidrográficas no Cone Sul. Na segunda abordagem foi avaliado o padrão geográfico de uma interação interespecífica simbiótica do tipo comensalismo através da adequabilidade climática de Elpidium (Ostracoda) e bromélias tanque da Mata Atlântica, além da disponibilidade de habitat para o Elpidium (presença de bromélias tanque) no futuro. Para ambas as abordagens, a mudança climática influenciou diretamente a diminuição das áreas de distribuição dos ostrácodes no futuro. Os resultados da primeira abordagem mostraram uma diminuição da riqueza de ostrácodes nas bacias do Cone Sul da América do Sul, e diferentes composições de espécies em 2050 e 2080, em ambos os cenários moderado-otimista e pessimista. A diminuição nas áreas de distribuição de ostrácodes alterará o status de conservação de diversas espécies para potencialmente ameaçadas. As áreas de ocorrência de Elpidium serão mais limitadas em tempos futuros e haverá menor disponibilidade de habitat, ou seja, menos espécies de bromélias tanque para interação. Em geral, os regimes de precipitação e temperatura são sincronizados com eventos fenológicos de história de vida das espécies, os quais determinam a direção da dispersão para o conjunto ambiental das condições ideais de sobrevivência no futuro. Os resultados contribuem como subsídio para incluir ostrácodes (e outros invertebrados) em planos de conservação de seus habitats em escalas geográficas mais amplas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Ostracoda (Crustacea) ; Microcrustáceos de água doce ; Invertebrados aquáticos ; Macroecologia ; Mudanças climáticas ; Bacias hidrográficas ; Mudanças climáticas globais ; Nicho ecológico ; Variação temporal ; Aquecimento global ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Crustaceans (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological niches ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::G::Global warming ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::T::Temporal variations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 124pp.
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: The paleolimnological approach one of the few existing methods that assesses the rate of ecosystem changes in freshwater environments, over large time scales, and one of the few approaches that have been used successfully to infer pre-impact limnological conditions and post-perturbation trajectories of environmental changes. The diatoms are the most effective bioindicator microfossils in paleolimnological research in providing information on environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems. Among the ecosystems that have been altered over time, the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River in recent decades has been subjected to several natural and man-made disturbances, mainly hydroelectric dams, which have affected the entire ecosystem and the known freshwater biodiversity. Therefore, the temporal pattern of abundance and functional traits of the diatoms community of two lakes inserted in this floodplain was investigated, using the paleolimnological approach to infer a history of possible environmental changes. The results of these studies were divided into three works. Through the bioindication of the most abundant diatom species in Garças Lake and Patos Lake, it was possible to observe evidence of physical, chemical and hydrological changes in both environments over the last 100 years. It is inferred that both environments may have been influenced by effects imposed by the upstream reservoirs and climatic events. As well as the greater variation and reduction in functional diversity found in Garças Lake, which is closer to dams, indicates a greater influence of the reservoirs. Despite this, in different periods, both lakes have replaced and simplified similar functional categories, which are related to low water conditions and high turbulence in the water column, which were recurrent after the damming periods
    Description: A abordagem paleolimnológica é um dos poucos métodos existentes que avalia a taxa de alterações ecossistêmicas em ambientes de água doce em grandes escalas temporais e uma das poucas abordagens que têm sido usada com sucesso para inferir condições limnológicas pré-impacto e trajetórias pós-perturbação de mudanças ambientais. Sendo as diatomáceas os microfósseis bioindicadores mais eficazes na pesquisa paleolimnológica no fornecimento de informações sobre alterações ambientais nos ecossistemas aquáticos. Dentre os ecossistemas que tem sido alterado ao longo do tempo, tem-se como exemplo a Planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, a qual nas últimas décadas tem sido submetida a diversos distúrbios naturais e antrópicos, principalmente por represas hidrelétricas, que afetaram todo o ecossistema e a biodiversidade de água doce conhecida. Portanto, investigou-se o padrão temporal da abundância e de traços funcionais da comunidade de diatomáceas de dois lagos inseridos nesta planície de inundação, utilizando a abordagem paleolimnológica para inferir um histórico de possíveis mudanças ambientais. Através da bioindicação das espécies de diatomáceas mais abundantes do lago das Garças e do lago dos Patos, foi possível observar evidências de mudanças físicas, químicas e hidrológicas em ambos os ambientes nos aproximados últimos 100 anos. Infere-se que ambos os ambientes podem ter tido influência de efeitos impostos pelos reservatórios a montante e eventos climáticos. Como também a maior variação e redução da diversidade funcional encontrado no lago das Garças, o qual está mais próximo de barragens, indica uma maior influência dos represamentos. Apesar disso, em períodos distintos, ambos os lagos apresentaram substituição e simplificação de categorias funcionais similares, as quais estão relacionadas com condições de águas baixas e alta turbulência da coluna d’água, as quais foram recorrentes após os períodos de represamento.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Diatomáceas (Bacillariophyta) de água doce ; Algas diatomáceas epilíticas ; Diatomáceas fósseis ; Algas unicelulares de água doce ; Paleolimnologia ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Bioindicadores ; Mudanças paleoambientais ; Lagos ; Lagos das Garças e dos Patos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Algae ; ASFA_2015::D::Diatoms ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::P::Palaeolimnology ; ASFA_2015::F::Fossil diatoms ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 125pp.
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-12-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: How do recent changes in consumption in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic affect the avoidance of packaging waste? How can an increase in packaging waste be countered and the previous trend towards unpackaged and reusable solutions be revived and promoted? To tackle these questions, we use a systemic approach that regards packaging as a network of interrelated interests of industry (manufacturing and logistics), trade (retail and catering), consumers and the waste management sector. To analyse this network, we applied three methods. First, we analysed secondary sources such as surveys. Second, we conducted semi-structured interviews with seven actors from industry, consumer education and waste management in May and June 2020. Third, we used the questions from the interview guideline to do an online survey among representatives of the public waste management industry.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2022-12-17
    Description: Aquatic macrophytes are macroscopic photosynthetic organisms that encompass several taxonomic groups of plants, with broad limnological characteristics that colonize from marshes to submerged areas, playing a fundamental role in structuring wetlands and affecting aquatic biodiversity. The Neotropical Region, covering from the south of Mexico to the south of Argentina, is characterized for being one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, with a unique biota, many endemic species and a great diversity of environments. As one of the wetlands with the greatest potential in this ecozone and the world, the Paraná-Paraguay basins stand out. The objectives of this thesis were to quantify and qualify the species of aquatic macrophytes that occur in the Neotropical Region and in the Paraná-Paraguay basins, carry out an analysis of hotspots for the Paraná-Paraguay basins and provide current information and indicators of areas of high richness of aquatic macrophytes. A conservation efficiency analysis is also available that correlates areas considered hotspots and the protected areas present in these basins. Data from systematic searches in important bibliographic bases were used to compose the lists and geographic coordinates. A total of 1616 spp. for the Neotropics and 979 species for the Paraná-Paraguay basins. The families with the highest number of species were Cyperaceae Juss. and Poaceae Barnhart in both regions studied. Species richness for the Paraná-Paraguay basins was recorded using occurrence points, with 5 locations with values from 71 to 139 species and 50 locations from 1 to 11 species, with the Lower Paraná River having the lowest number of occurrences and the Lower Paraguay River the largest amount. Sixteen sub-basins considered as hotspots were registered, and these areas coincided with the areas of greatest richness. Approximately 6% of the total ecological hotspot areas are being conserved within protected areas. In conclusion, the results obtained in both surveys reaffirm the high number of species present in these wetlands, highlighting the need for further systematic and taxonomic studies of aquatic macrophytes, seeking to precisely detail these megadiverse regions.
    Description: Macrófitas aquáticas são organismos fotossintetizantes macroscópicos que englobam vários grupos taxonômicos de plantas, com amplas características limnológicas que colonizam desde brejos até áreas submersas,desempenhando papel fundamental na estruturação das áreas úmidas e afetando a biodiversidade aquática. A Região Neotropical, abrange desde o sul do México até o sul da Argentina, caracteriza-se por ser uma das regiões mais biodiversas do mundo, com biota singular, grande número de espécies endêmicas e grande diversidade de ambientes. Como uma das áreas úmidas de maior potencial desta ecozona e do globo, destacam-se as bacias Paraná-Paraguai. Os objetivos dessa tese foram quantificar e qualificar as espécies de macrófitas aquáticas ocorrentes na Região Neotropical e nas bacias Paraná-Paraguai,efetuar análise de hotspots para as bacias Paraná-Paraguai e disponibilizar informações atuais e indicadoras de áreas de alta riqueza de macrófitas aquáticas. Também é disponibilizado uma análise de eficiência de conservação que correlaciona áreas consideradas hotspots e as áreas protegidas presentes nessas bacias. Dados de buscas sistemáticas em importantes bases bibliográficas foram utilizados para compor as listas e coordenadas geográficas. Registrou-se um total de 1616 spp. para os Neotrópicos e 979 espécies para as bacias Paraná-Paraguai. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Cyperaceae Juss. e Poaceae Barnhart em ambas as regiões estudadas. A riqueza de espécies para as bacias Paraná-Paraguai foi registrada por meio de pontos de ocorrência, apresentando 5 locais com valores de 71 a 139 espécies e 50 locais de 1 a 11 espécies, sendo o Baixo Rio Paraná com a menor quantidade de ocorrências e o Baixo Rio Paraguai a maior quantia. Foram registradas 16 sub-bacias consideradas hotspots, e estas áreas coincidiram com as áreas de maior riqueza. Aproximadamente 6% do total das áreas de hotspots ecológicos estão sendo conservados dentro de áreas protegidas. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos em ambas as pesquisas reafirmam o alto número de espécies presentes nessas áreas úmidas, deixando evidente a necessidade de mais estudos sistemáticos e taxonômicos para macrófitas aquáticas, em busca de detalhar precisamente essas regiões megadiversas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Macrófitas aquáticas ; Diversidade ; Riqueza de espécies ; Revisão sistemática ; Áreas úmidas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::W::Wetlands ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::L::Literature reviews ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic plants ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::H::Hot spots
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 448pp.
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die GLS Bank finanziert gezielt nachhaltige Projekte und Unternehmen in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, nachhaltige Wirtschaft, Ernährung, Wohnen, Bildung & Kultur, Soziales & Gesundheit. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist es, die Nachhaltigkeitswirkung der Finanz- und Anlagestrategie robust zu quantifizieren und transparent darzustellen. Die GLS Bank hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die hierfür notwendigen Methoden und Daten zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeitswirkungen ihres Finanz- und Anlagenportfolios schrittweise weiterzuentwickeln, um eine richtungssichere Portfoliosteuerung und Kundenbetreuung zu unterstützen. Ziel des Projektes ist zunächst, das Emissionsgeschehen der finanzierten Wertschöpfungskette abzubilden (Scope 3), aber auch die eingesparten Emissionen als einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu bewerten (Scope 4). Es werden die Scope 3 Emissionen der GLS Bank in den folgenden Finanz- und Anlagebereichen für das Berichtsjahr 2019 bilanziert: 1. Aktien- und Klimafonds; 2. Kredite; 3. Unternehmensbeteiligung. Scope 4 Emissionen werden in Form vermiedener Emissionen (Carbon Handprint) dabei ausschließlich für Bereiche bilanziert, in denen THG-Reduktionspotentiale richtungssicher abgeschätzt werden können. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird der Untersuchungsrahmen, die vom Wuppertal Institut entwickelte Methodik sowie Lösungsstrategien für die Überbrückung geringer Datenqualität/-verfügbarkeit beschrieben. Die Robustheit der Ergebnisse wird durch Prüfungsmethoden reflektiert und dem Leser somit eine Interpretationsunterstützung gegeben. In einem Ausblick werden Weiterentwicklungsbedarfe und -möglichkeiten skizziert, um schrittweise eine zunehmend robuste und wissenschaftliche fundierte Methodik und Datengrundlage zur Bewertung der Klimawirkung sowie weiterer Nachhaltigkeitswirkungen des Finanz- und Anlageportfolios der GLS Bank in Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten Stakeholdern zu etablieren.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Damit sich die weltweit zunehmend ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele erreichen lassen, müssen auch im Industriesektor weitgehende Emissionsreduktionen innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte realisiert werden. Expertinnen und Experten sind sich einig, dass dies nicht ohne den Umstieg von fossilen auf erneuerbare Energieträger und Rohmaterialien - sogenannte Feedstocks - umsetzbar ist. Im Zuge der verstärkten Nutzung dieser grünen Energieträger ist denkbar, dass sich deren Verfügbarkeit und Kosten zu immer wichtigeren Standortfaktoren für die Produktion industrieller Güter entwickeln werden. Dies könnte dazu führen, dass zukünftig Standorte mit kostengünstiger Verfügbarkeit von erneuerbaren Energien attraktiver gegenüber anderen Standorten werden und es dann zu Standortverlagerungen kommt - insbesondere im Bereich der energieintensiven Industrie. In dem vorliegenden Artikel greifen die Autoren diese möglichen Verlagerungen industrieller Produktion auf. In diesem Zusammenhang führen sie auch den Begriff "Renewables Pull" ein. Die in bestimmten Regionen der Welt kostengünstig und in großen Mengen verfügbaren erneuerbaren Energien könnten nach Ansicht der Autoren künftig eine Sogwirkung auslösen und bestimmte Teile der industriellen Produktion anziehen - auch Pull-Effekt genannt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The transition from today's "take, make, waste" economic paradigm to a circular economy requires a joint effort from actors on all levels: governments, business, and civil society. While companies are among the drivers of the circular transformation, they find it hard to achieve a circular economy on their own. Hence, cross-industry collaboration is one of the imperatives for scaling a circular economy. Against this background, econsense, together with Accenture and the Wuppertal Institute, launched its study "Germany's Transition to a Circular Economy - How to Unlock the Potential of Cross-Industry Collaboration". Based on a survey and expert interviews within the econsense community, the study finds that companies are yet to unlock the full potential of cross-industry collaboration. While two thirds of analysed industry collaborations have a high potential for scaling the circular economy, only 43 per cent of those already show a high degree of interaction. The study provides concrete guidance for companies to get started with circularity and identify the right partners for cross-industry collaboration. Specifically, the report recommends companies: 1) Understand what circularity is about and map it on their own operations and processes. 2) Understand the different circular business models and identify the ones relevant to each business. 3) Discover areas where collaboration can help to create the needed foundation and to execute circular actions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digitalisation is taking place at a fast pace in all European countries and it is transforming the economies, societies, communication, jobs and the necessary skills for the workplace and everyday life. The Covid-19 pandemic is also accelerating digitalisation at many levels. To address the great challenges resulting from this, the European Commission has launched the Green Deal, a long-term transformation strategy towards an innovative and sustainable society. Three important initiatives under the Green Deal are the New Circular Economy Action Plan, the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the Zero Pollution Action Plan. The various strategies and action plans draw up a large portfolio of measures, instruments and milestones that are always linked to digital technologies. Ideally, these are eco-innovative and sustainable and contribute to improving living conditions in Europe. The EIO Biennial Report 2020, which looks at a different topic every two years, considers digitalisation a major opportunity to accelerate the transition to a circular Europe. In the current report, the authors provide an overview of eco-innovation trends, illustrated by digital technology and policy practices that can further drive the circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Auf dem Weg zu einer ressourceneffizienten Gesellschaft bedarf es richtiger Rahmenbedingungen, Informationen und Handlungsalternativen. Eine Möglichkeit, diese Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, ist ein kommunales Zero-Waste-Konzept. Zero Waste lässt sich übersetzen mit "Null Abfall, null Verschwendung" und verfolgt das Ziel, möglichst wenig Abfall zu produzieren sowie effizient und sparsam mit Ressourcen umzugehen. Ein solches Konzept wie in Kiel ist die Basis für eine Zertifizierung als Zero Waste City, eine Auszeichnung, die der europäische Verein Zero Waste Europe vergibt. 2007 wurde die italienische Gemeinde Capannori zur ersten Zero Waste City in Europa erklärt, seitdem sind knapp 400 europäische Gemeinden dieser Bewegung gefolgt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Öffentliche Mittel für die Unterstützung von Unternehmen sollten bestenfalls so eingesetzt werden, dass sie eine möglichst große, nachhaltige Wirkung haben und mit einem gesellschaftlichen Nutzen verbunden sind. Das kann unmittelbar erfolgen, in dem die konkrete Förderung an bestimmte Vorgaben gebunden wird, wie etwa den Ausbau von zukunftsfähigen Infrastrukturen. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, die Risikoabsicherung von Unternehmen - beispielsweise über Bürgschaften oder andere geeignete Finanzierungskonditionen - an der Nachhaltigkeitsperformance der Unternehmen auszurichten. Der vorliegende vierstufige Leitfaden, den der WWF Deutschland und das Wuppertal Institut entwickelt haben, dient als Grundlage für die zielorientiertere Vergabe von Mitteln und deren praktische Umsetzung. Er baut auf der von der Europäischen Union entwickelten "Taxonomie" für nachhaltige Investitionen auf. Darin enthalten sind Grenzwerte, welche die Nachhaltigkeitsperformance wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten definieren. Auf diese Weise lässt sich filtern, ob ein wirtschaftliches Vorhaben zukunftsfähig ist. Hierbei unterstützt der "Entscheidungsbaum" des Leitfadens die Anwendung der EU-Taxonomie als Regelwerk.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Fluid migration along faults can be highly complex and spatially variable, with the potential for channeled flow, accumulation in capped porous units, fault cross-flow, lateral migration along strike, or complete sealing. Extensional basin margins can be important for such migration, given the associated crustal thinning and decompression that takes place combined with potential geothermal or mantle gas sources. One such example is near the urban area of Rome, situated along the active extensional continental margin of the Tyrrhenian back arc basin and surrounded by Middle-Upper Pleistocene K-rich and arc-related volcanoes. Recent research activities in the area around Fiumicino, a town 25 km to the west of Rome, has highlighted the close spatial link between degassing CO2 and the faults that provide the necessary vertical migration pathways. In particular, detailed soil gas and gas flux surveys have highlighted the release at surface of large volumes of asthenospheric mantle CO2 in correspondence with normal faults observed in a new seismic reflection profile acquired along the Tiber River. Detailed reconstruction of the Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphy of the area dates fault activity from 20,000 to 9000 years BP. It is proposed that the gas migrates preferentially along the cataclastic tectonic breccias of the faults until it encounters recent, unconsolidated sediments; porous units within this shallow stratigraphy act as temporary secondary traps for the leaking gas, with local gas release at the ground surface occurring where the sealing of the overlying aquitards has been compromised. Degassing and active faults confirm the extensional tectonics affecting the area and the geodynamic scenario of a mantle wedge beneath the western Apennines, associated with ongoing W-directed subduction. Moreover, degassing highlights the potential geochemical and seismic risks for the highly populated urban areas near Rome.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137-149
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: soil gas ; Fluid migration ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Solubility experiments were performed on a trachyte and a pantellerite from Pantelleria. The trachyte has SiO2 Æ 65.2 wt%, Al2O3 Æ 15.2 wt% and a peralkaline index (P.I. Æ molar[(Na2OÅ K2O)/Al2O3]) » 1 while the pantellerite has SiO2 Æ 72.2 wt%, Al2O3 Æ 11 wt% and a P.I. Æ 1.3. Solubility experiments were performed in the pressure range of 50–300 MPa at T Æ 950 °C for the trachyte and 50–200MPa at T Æ 850 °C for the pantellerite. The water content of experimental glasses was determined by Karl Fischer titration, elemental analyser and FT–IR spectroscopy. Water content appears similar in both compositions for analogous pressure conditions, varying from »2.5 wt% at 50 MPa to »5.8 at 200 MPa. Comparison of the experimental data with the thermodynamic models shows that the empirical model of Moore et al. [1998] better matches the experimental data for both compositions, while the thermodynamicmodels of Papale et al. [2006] and Ghiorso and Gualda [2015] tend to overestimate melt water content, probably due to the paucity of peralkaline melt compositions used for calibration. One inference of these new solubility data is on MI-derived depth of felsic reservoirs at Pantelleria which deepens from2.4 to 3.5 km.
    Description: Published
    Description: 315-331
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Trachyte, ; Pantellerite ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Kurzstudie ist Teil des Verbundvorhabens "Circular Economy als Innovationsmotor für eine klimaneutrale und ressourceneffiziente Wirtschaft (CEWI)" der Stiftung 2°, dem WWF Deutschland und dem Wuppertal Institut und hat zum Ziel, die Potenziale des Gebäudesektors und der dazugehörigen Wertschöpfung im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung von zirkulären Ansätzen zu analysieren und den Beitrag zur Ressourceneinsparung und dem Klimaschutz zu bewerten. Das Ergebnis dieser Kurzstudie leitet sich aus einem intensiven Bewertungsprozess verschiedener Maßnahmen-Cluster ab und besteht aus sechs Handlungsfeldern, die ein Potenzial für den Ausbau von Klimaneutralität und Ressourceneffizienz im Gebäudesektor aufweisen. Diese Handlungsfelder bilden die Grundlage für den weiteren Projektverlauf von CEWI, in dem Industrieakteure in Workshops gemeinsam Pilotprojekte modellieren werden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Kurzstudie ist Teil des Verbundvorhabens "Circular Economy als Innovationsmotor für eine klimaneutrale und ressourceneffiziente Wirtschaft (CEWI)" der Stiftung 2°, dem WWF Deutschland und dem Wuppertal Institut und hat zum Ziel, die Potenziale des Automobilsektors und der dazugehörigen Wertschöpfung im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung von zirkulären Ansätzen zu analysieren und den Beitrag zur Ressourceneinsparung und dem Klimaschutz zu bewerten. Das Ergebnis dieser Kurzstudie leitet sich aus einem intensiven Bewertungsprozess verschiedener Maßnahmen-Cluster ab und besteht aus sechs Handlungsfeldern, die ein Potenzial für den Ausbau von Klimaneutralität und Ressourceneffizienz im Automobilsektor aufweisen. Diese Handlungsfelder bilden die Grundlage für den weiteren Projektverlauf von CEWI, in dem Akteure aus der Praxis in Workshops gemeinsam Pilotprojekte modellieren werden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Wirtschaftsförderung Region Stuttgart GmbH (WRS) unterstützt die Transformation der Region Stuttgart in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit und sieht die Bioökonomie als eine wichtige Strategie zu diesem Zweck. Die WRS hat das Wuppertal Institut mit dieser Kurzstudie mit dem Fokus auf die industrielle Bioökonomie beauftragt, um eine Informationsgrundlage für die Spezifikation weiterer Aktivitäten der WRS im Kontext der Bioökonomie zu schaffen. Die Studie gibt einen Überblick über definitorische Ansätze und Diskurslinien der Bioökonomie. Sie fasst Einschätzungen des deutschen Bioökonomierates zu Marktpotenzialen der Bioökonomie in verschiedenen Branchen zusammen, die u.a. für Automobil, Biotechnologie und IKT als gut eingeschätzt werden. Anschließend umreißt die Studie die Innovationsansätze Biomimikry und Biointelligenz. Für den Ansatz Biointelligenz zur biologischen Transformation der industriellen Wertschöpfung werden die in Studien von Dritten identifizierten Marktpotenziale der Biointelligenz zusammengefasst, u.a. in den Bereichen Unterstützungssysteme, Produktionssysteme/-technologien und Baumaterialien. Darüber hinaus stellt die Studie Schnittstellen relevanter Landesstrategien in Baden-Württemberg zu Bioökonomiethemen dar, die synergetisch genutzt werden könnten. Ergänzend gibt die Studie einen Überblick über die Akteurslandschaft in Baden-Württemberg. Der Überblick basiert insbesondere auf dem Bioökonomie Kompetenzatlas wissenschaftlicher Akteure, der von der Landeskoordinierungsstelle an der Universität Hohenheim herausgegeben wird, sowie einer Akteursanalyse aus dem Projekt "Bioökonomie in Baden-Württemberg", das am KIT durch das ITAS durchgeführt wurde und durch die BIOPRO Baden-Württemberg GmbH unterstützt wurde. Auf Basis dieser Informationssammlung entwirft die Studie weiterführende Fragen in Bezug auf mögliche weitere Aktivitäten der WRS im Kontext der Bioökonomie, u.a. die mögliche Nutzung von Innovationsansätzen aus dem Bereich der Living Lab und Reallaborforschung.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Two thirds of today's world trade is based on global value chains and supply networks. Purely regional supply chains have become less important in recent decades. The effects of these globalised structures are manifold. On the one hand, they promote employment and generate prosperity. On the other hand, they are beset by extreme social, ecological and economic imbalances. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the fragility of existing supply chain systems. The lockdown continues to disrupt complex supply chains and many problems of existing production and consumption continue to worsen. COVID-19 is one example of the crises that can shake globally networked supply chains in the short term. Other crises, such as climate change, develop more insidiously and are less immediately recognisable. Different as they are, such crises have one thing in common: they highlight the vulnerability of global social and economic structures and illustrate the impact of global trade on the regions and people of the world. This is precisely where global sustainability strategy comes in - it aims to fundamentally reduce differences and inequalities in opportunities and quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the entire world into upheaval, creating an opportunity to make sustainability a central political resilience strategy. In the wake of the Corona pandemic, the discussion about resilient communities has flared up. In order to guarantee supply in the face of such crises, these should be more strongly regional and circular in their economic approach and global and sustainable in their perspective. The aim should be sustainable, transparent, non-exploitative supply chains that guarantee the security of supply to cover basic needs and public services despite sudden changes and crises. This discussion paper draws a future scenario of globally cooperative, circular regional economies that fundamentally reduce global inequalities in opportunities and quality of life, while at the same time permanently preserving the natural foundations of life.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-09-27
    Description: Diagnostic morphological features (e.g., rectilinear seafloor scarps) and lateral offsets of the Upper Quaternary deposits are used to infer active faults in offshore areas. Although they deform a significant seafloor region, the active faults are not necessarily capable of producing large earthquakes as they correspond to shallow structures formed in response to local stresses. We present a multiscale approach to reconstruct the structural pattern in offshore areas and distinguish between shallow, non-seismogenic, active faults, and deep blind faults, potentially associated with large seismic moment release. The approach is based on the interpretation of marine seismic reflection data and quantitative morphometric analysis of multibeam bathymetry, and tested on the Sant’Eufemia Gulf (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Data highlights the occurrence of three major tectonic events since the Late Miocene. The first extensional or transtensional phase occurred during the Late Miocene. Since the Early Pliocene, a right-lateral transpressional tectonic event caused the positive inversion of deep (〉3 km) tectonic features, and the formation of NE-SW faults in the central sector of the gulf. Also, NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines (e.g., Maida Ridge) developed in the eastern part of the area. Since the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian), shallow (〈1.5 km) NNE-SSW oriented structures formed in a left-lateral transtensional regime. The new results integrated with previous literature indicates that the Late Miocene to Recent transpressional/transtensional structures developed in an ∼E-W oriented main displacement zone that extends from the Sant’Eufemia Gulf to the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore), and likely represents the upper plate response to a tear fault of the lower plate. The quantitative morphometric analysis of the study area and the bathymetric analysis of the Angitola Canyon indicate that NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines were negatively reactivated during the last tectonic phase. We also suggest that the deep structure below the Maida Ridge may correspond to the seismogenic source of the large magnitude earthquake that struck the western Calabrian region in 1905. The multiscale approach contributes to understanding the tectonic imprint of active faults from different hierarchical orders and the geometry of seismogenic faults developed in a lithospheric strike-slip zone orthogonal to the Calabrian Arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 670557
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active tectonics ; Calabrian Arc (Italy) ; southern Tyrrhenian sea ; slab-tear fault ; high-resolution seismic data ; morphotectonic analysis ; 1905 earthquake ; seismogenic sources ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: Phreatic and hydrothermal eruptions are small energetic explosive events that generally have few to no precursors and represent a considerable hazard in tourist and urban areas. At the Campi Flegrei caldera, these events have occurred at the Solfatara volcano and have likely occurred at the nearby Pisciarelli site, where the most powerful hydrothermal phenomena are located. Here, increased hydrothermal activity has caused relevant morphological changes that has led local authorities to deny access to the site. Stratigraphic, structural, and geophysical investigations have allowed us to reconstruct the volcano-tectonic setting of the area. In particular, we have recognized a fault system and related damage zones that act as the preferred pathway for hydrothermal fluids in the caldera. At the surface, these faults control the migration and/or accumulation of deep-seated gases into the subsoil and the formation of fumaroles and mud pools. We have recognized two main fault systems with different ages that show variable displacements. The electrical anomalies identified by electrical resistivity tomography further highlight the main fault pattern and show the interplay between volcano-tectonic structures and fluid circulation. Host rocks and fault zones may be involved in self-sealing processes and/or rock failure phenomena capable of modifying the fluid pathways and establishing favorable conditions, leading to overpressure and/or rapid decompression of fluids and triggering an explosive event. Furthermore, stratigraphic mapping shows fossil mud pool sediments embedded in an old debris flow located above the modern hydrothermal system. This implies that they were at a higher elevation when they formed. The morphotectonic evolution and intense rock alterations in the area could promote further landslide episodes, producing debris-flow deposits that can cover the active area and possibly trigger hydrothermal/ phreatic events.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020TC006227
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: fault system ; hydrothermal fluids ; geoelectrical image ; volcanic hazard ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-01-13
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Seismogenic Source ; Active Fault ; Active Fault System ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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