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  • Other Sources  (918)
  • Wiley  (651)
  • Frontiers  (173)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-11-08
    Description: Understanding how stalagmites grow under changing climate conditions is of great significance for their application as a paleoclimate archive. In this study, we present a shape modeling approach to stalagmite growth by combining three existing models accounting for climate variables, karst water chemistry, and speleothem deposition. The combined model requires only four input parameters: calcium concentration of the water drop, drip interval, cave temperature, and cave carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Using the output of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–land surface model MPI-ESM1.2 and the CaveCalc model for speleothem chemistry, we simulated stalagmite growth at Sofular Cave, Northern Turkey, (in the last 25 kyr) and compared the results to those of the existing So-1 stalagmite from the same cave. This approach allows simulating, completely independent of measured boundary conditions, a stalagmite geometry that follows the trend of the experimental data for the growth rate, with input parameters within the respective error ranges. When testing the sensitivity of the individual model parameters, the model suggests that the stalagmite radius mainly depends on the drip interval, whereas the growth rate is driven by the calcium concentration of the water drop. The model is also capable of showing some basic phenomena, like a decrease in growth rate (as observed in the real stalagmite), as CO2 concentration in the cave increases. The coupling of input parameters for the model to climate models represents the first attempt to understand an important climate archive in its shape and isotope content and opens the possibility for a new inverse approach to paleoclimate variables and model constraints.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-12-19
    Description: New sedimentological data of facies and diagenesis as well as chronological data including strontium (87Sr/86Sr)-isotope ratios and uranium (U)-series dating, radiocarbon (14C) accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating and biostratigraphy from elevated reef terraces (makatea) in the southern Cook Islands of Mangaia, Rarotonga and Aitutaki contribute to controversial discussions regarding age and sea-level relationships of these occurrences during the Neogene and Quaternary. The oldest limestones of the uplifted makatea island of Mangaia include reef-related facies which are mid-Miocene in age, based on new Sr-isotope and biostratigraphical data. In between these older deposits and the lowest coastal reef terrace of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, various older Pleistocene reef-related facies were identified. Based on Sr-isotope ratios, these were deposited during earlier Pleistocene highstands (as old as 2.28 Ma). Rare reef terraces on Rarotonga belong to the Plio-Pleistocene and the late Miocene, according to 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The late Miocene age is enigmatic as it exceeds the age of subaerially exposed volcanic rocks of Rarotonga island. The fossil reef could have formed on an older submarine volcanic high that was later displaced by younger volcanism to its present position, or the Sr-age could be too old due to diagenetic resetting. The Plio-Pleistocene Rarotonga reef terraces are overlain irregularly by Holocene reef deposits that are interpreted as storm rubble. Reef terraces on Aitutaki represent evidence of a higher-than-present (up to 1 m) sea-level during the late Holocene, based on 14C AMS age data. They are very similar to elevated late Holocene reefs of adjacent French Polynesia with regard to composition, elevation and age.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The present study aims to valorize the apple peels (AP) and grape seeds (GS) by the fortification of the yogurts using their powder. Firstly, the optimization of the extraction parameters for assessing maximum of total phenolic content (TPC) was achieved. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental maximum yields of TPC were 19.33 ± 2.33 and 240.59 ± 4.77 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100 g Dry Weight (DW) for AP and GS, respectively, which was in close agreement with predicted values (19.32 ± 0.91 and 242.26 ± 11.08 mg GAE/100 g DW for AP and GS, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of GS extract was better with IC50 of 12.22 ± 0.89 and 225.47 ± 7.10 µg/ml in DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, respectively. Besides, powder from these by-products was incorporated into yogurt samples. The classification test revealed that the yogurt prepared with GS powder was the preferred one.
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  • 4
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).
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  • 5
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).
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  • 6
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).
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  • 7
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).
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  • 8
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-7.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; N.L. fem. n. pila a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n. Rhodopila red sphere. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila Rhodopila globiformis is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram-negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type. Rhodopila is classified within the Acetobacteraceae family and Rhodospirillales order of the Alphaproteobacteria. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C18:1 (∼75%) and C16:0. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.1 (genome analysis). Type species: Rhodopila globiformis Imhoff et al. 1984VP (basonym: Rhodopseudomonas globiformis Pfennig 1974AL).
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  • 9
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-10.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, the rose Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Rhodospirillum The genus Rhodospirillum has harbored a diverse set of spiral-shaped phototrophic bacteria, most of which have been reclassified as species of other genera, families, and even orders and phyla since the 1980s. The heterogeneity has been long known, but only the faith into sequence-based information gave strong support for taxonomic rearrangements. Currently, the genus Rhodospirillum contains a single species, which is characterized by spiral-shaped cells, motility by bipolar flagella, and internal membranes as vesicles. It performs anaerobic photosynthesis, which is restricted to anoxic light conditions due to the oxygen-sensitive biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and thus the phototrophic apparatus. It can grow photoheterotrophically as well as photoautotrophically. The key enzyme of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) type-II, is well characterized and forms a homodimer that is also encoded in some related genera of Rhodospirillaceae. Chemotrophic growth may also occur under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark and anaerobically by fermentation. The genus comprises mesophilic freshwater bacteria. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units and fatty acids typical of other Alphaproteobacteria with C18:1, C16:0, and C16:1 as major components are present. DNA G + C content (mol%): 64.6–65.7, type 65.4 (genome analysis), 63.8–65.8 (Bd). Type species: Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrum Molisch 1907AL (basonym: Spirillum rubrum Esmarch 1887).
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  • 10
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-8.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.ci'sta Gr. neut. n. rhodon, rose; L. fem. n. cista a basket; N.L. fem. n. Rhodocista, red basket. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Azospirillaceae / Rhodocista Rhodocista centenaria is a well-characterized thermotolerant, phototrophic purple bacterium growing optimally at a temperature of 40–45°C and a maximal growth temperature of 48°C. Under low nutrient conditions, Rhodocista forms desiccation-, heat-, and UV-resistant cysts, which enable survival under severe drought and salt stress. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum in liquid culture but in addition form lateral flagella on agar surfaces and under these conditions may show a characteristic phototactic movement. Rhodocista species grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and also are able to perform a chemotrophic aerobic metabolism. They encode enzymes for autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation and fixation of dinitrogen, although autotrophic growth has so far not been demonstrated. In the type species, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Aerobically grown cells are fully pigmented. In other species, oxygen may inhibit photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, and aerobically grown cells are colorless. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.8–69.9 (Tm), 70.5 (WGS). Type species: Rhodocista (Rcs.) centenaria Kawasaki et al. 1992, VL48 (basonym: Rhodospirillum centenum Favinger et al. 1989, VL48).
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  • 11
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-2.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the family; suff. -aceae, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiaceae, the family of Rhodothalassium. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae Cells are vibrioid to spiral shaped, are motile by means of polar flagella, and multiply by binary fission. They belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria and stain Gram-negative. An unusual protein-rich cell wall with only low amounts of peptidoglycan may be present. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. The major ubiquinone and menaquinone components are Q-10 and MK-10. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light but also may be possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark. Obligately halophilic bacteria that require NaCl or sea salt for growth. Habitats are anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to light. At present, the family includes a single genus. DNA G + C content of the type species and genus (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (genome analysis), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC analysis). Type genus: Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al. 1998VP.
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  • 12
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Phae.o.spi.ril'lum. Gr. masc. adj. phaeos, brown; N.L. neut. n. Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n. Phaeospirillum, brown Spirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Phaeospirillum Phaeospirillum species are vibrioid to spiral shaped and motile Alphaproteobacteria. They are strictly anaerobic and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria with a reaction center and light-harvesting complexes located in the internal membrane stacks formed at a sharp angle with the cytoplasmic membrane. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a esterified with phytol and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. They have a photoheterotrophic metabolism and depend on anoxic conditions for biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthesis. The preferred carbon substrates are fatty acids including longer chains up to pelargonate. The longer chain fatty acids provide a selective advantage for several of the species. Chemotrophic growth may be possible at controlled and very low oxygen tensions (〈1.5 kPa) in the dark. Ammonia and dinitrogen serve as nitrogen sources. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is present. Growth factors may be required. Phaeospirillum species are mesophilic freshwater bacteria with a preference for neutral pH that live in stagnant and anoxic freshwater habitats. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.5–65.3 (Bd), 62.1–62.8 (Tm), 61.5–64.7 (WGS). Type species: Phaeospirillum (Phs.) fulvum Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum fulvum van Niel 1944AL).
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  • 13
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.tha.las.si.a'les. N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, type genus of the order; suff. -ales, ending denoting an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodothalassiales, the Rhodothalassium order. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales The order currently comprises a single family and genus, which is characterized by halophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria having spiral-shaped cells and containing lamellar photosynthetic membranes. The properties of the order are determined by the characteristics of the Rhodothalassiaceae family.
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  • 14
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.tha.las'si.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon, the rose; Gr. masc. adj. thalassios, belonging to the sea; N.L. neut. n. Rhodothalassium, the rose belonging to the sea. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodothalassiales / Rhodothalassiaceae / Rhodothalassium The genus Rhodothalassium is represented by a single species and is the only genus of the Rhodothalassiaceae family and Rhodothalassiales order. It is characterized by vibrioid- to spiral-shaped cells which multiply by binary fission and are motile by means of flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks lying parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Ubiquinones and menaquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and MK-10) are present. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Most strains also grow chemoorganotrophically under oxic conditions in the dark. Rhodothalassium species are obligately halophilic, require NaCl or sea salt for growth, and live in anoxic zones of hypersaline environments such as salterns, salt lakes, and evaporated coastal lagoons that are exposed to the light. DNA G + C content (mol%): 68.5–69.0 (WGS), 60.0–62.8 (HPLC). Type species: Rhodothalassium salexigens Imhoff et al. 1998VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum salexigens Drews 1981, VL9).
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  • 15
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-12.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.pla'nes. Gr. neut. n. rhodon rose; Gr. masc. n. planos a wanderer; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoplanes a red wanderer. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodoplanes The genus Rhodoplanes accommodates species of anoxygenic facultative phototrophic bacteria that grow optimally under anaerobic conditions in the light. They belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae of the order Rhizobiales within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Cells are Gram-stain-negative rods and multiply by budding and asymmetric cell division. Motile by means of polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. Photoorganotrophy with pyruvate and some other organic acids is the best mode of growth. Straight-chain, monounsaturated C18:1 ω7c is the main component of the cellular fatty acids and C16:0 is a second major component. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units (Q-10 and RQ-10) are present. The main components of polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Terrestrial and freshwater bacteria having a preference for mesophilic to moderately thermophilic habitats and neutral pH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.2–70.4. Type species: Rhodoplanes roseus Hiraishi and Ueda 1994 (Rhodopseudomonas rosea Janssen and Harfoot 1991).
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  • 16
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1-7.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Pa.ra.rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. pref. para-, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. neut. n. Rhodospirillum, a bacterial generic name; N.L. neut. n. Pararhodospirillum, resembling Rhodospirillum. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Pararhodospirillum Pararhodospirillum species are spiral-shaped, mesophilic, and phototrophic freshwater bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family. Cells are motile by polar flagella, and photosynthetic pigments are located in internal photosynthetic membranes present as lamellar stacks. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with spirilloxanthin itself lacking. Ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 are the major quinones. All species are sensitive to oxygen and require anoxic or microoxic conditions for growth. They grow photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Photoautotrophic growth, aerobic chemotrophic growth, and fermentative growth have not been demonstrated. Growth factors are required. DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.2–65.8 (Bd and HPLC) and 64.7–67 (GA). Type species: Pararhodospirillum photometricum Lakshmi et al. 2014VP (basonym: Rhodospirillum photometricum Molisch 1907AL).
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  • 17
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Ro.se.o.spi'ra. L. masc. adj. roseus, rosy; Gr. fem. n. spira, the spiral; N.L. fem. n. Roseospira the rosy spiral. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Roseospira Roseospira species are vibrioid to spiral shaped, anoxygenic, and phototrophic bacteria of the Rhodospirillaceae family that live in various types of marine and slightly saline habitats all over the world. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, and internal photosynthetic membranes are present as vesicles. They perform a phototrophic way of life using organic substrates (photoheterotrophic growth) or inorganic reduced sulfur compounds (photoautotrophic growth) as electron donors for photosynthesis. Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis depends on anoxic to microoxic conditions, and chemotrophic growth is possible under microoxic to oxic conditions in the light. Nitrogenase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase may be present. Vitamins or yeast extracts are required as growth factors. The G + C content of the DNA is 67.8–71.2 (GA), and the genome size ranges from 4.19 to 4.61 Mb. DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.8–71.2 (GA) (type species 66.6 Tm). Type species: Roseospira mediosalina Imhoff et al. 1998VP (synonym: “Rhodospirillum mediosalinum” Kompantseva and Gorlenko 1984).
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Comparable to carbon dioxide, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon monoxide (CO) are tiny gases that have a great impact on our climate. Though occurring only in very small amounts in the atmosphere they are climate influencers, especially in the Arctic. The Arctic is a unique place on Earth where all life is adapted to the extreme cold. Therefore, global warming is a great threat to the Arctic. DMS and CO are produced in the Arctic Ocean and can go into the atmosphere. There, CO may enhance the warming of the Arctic. On the other hand, DMS possibly cools the atmosphere because it helps forming clouds. The processes CO and DMS are involved in, are complex and will probably alter under a changing climate. It is important to understand these processes to get an idea of the future Arctic Ocean and climate to find ways to save the Arctic.
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  • 19
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    Wiley
    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Rho.do.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; Gr. masc. adj. micros small; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Rhodomicrobium red microbe. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodomicrobium Most characteristic for Rhodomicrobium species is the polar cell growth and the characteristic vegetative growth cycle which includes the formation of peritrichously flagellated swarmer cells and nonmotile “mother cells,” which form prosthecae from one to several times the length of the mother cell. Daughter cells originate as spherical buds at the end of the prosthecae and may undergo differentiation in various ways. They are Gram-negative ovoid to elongate-ovoid bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. Internal photosynthetic membranes are of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The predominant cellular fatty acid is C18:1, which comprises more than 80% of the membrane-bound fatty acids. Ubiquinone and rhodoquinone with 10 isoprene units are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a glucosamine-containing, phosphate-free lipid A with amide-bound C16:0 3 OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 61.8–63.8. Type species: Rhodomicrobium vannielii Duchow and Douglas 1949.
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiales Hyphomicrobiaceae Blas.to.chlo'ris. Gr. masc. n. blastos bud shoot; Gr. masc. adj. chloros green; N.L. fem. n. Blastochloris green bud shoot. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Blastochloris Blastochloris species are anoxygenic phototrophic Alphaproteobacteria that have bacteriochlorophyll b in their photosynthetic reaction centers. Crystals of the photosynthetic reaction centers of Blastochloris viridis were the first that have been studied in high-resolution structure analysis at 3 Å resolution. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying and parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells are rod shaped to ovoid and exhibit polar growth, budding, and asymmetric cell division and form rosette-like cell aggregates. They are motile by means of subpolar flagella and stain Gram-negative. Straight-chain monounsaturated C18:1 is the predominant component of cellular fatty acids. Ubiquinones and menaquinones are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a 2,3-diamino-2,3-deoxy-d-glucose (DAG)-containing, phosphate-free lipid A with amide-bound C14:0 3OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 63.8–68.3. Type species: Blastochloris viridis (Drews and Giesbrecht 1966) Hiraishi 1997 (Rhodopseudomonas viridis Drews and Giesbrecht 1966).
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 21
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    In:  In: Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB). , ed. by Brenner, D. J., Krieg, N. R. and Staley, J. T. Wiley, New York, USA, pp. 506-507. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8
    Publication Date: 2022-01-17
    Description: Rho.do.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. neut. n. rhodon the rose; Gr. masc. adj. micros small; Gr. masc. n. bios life; N.L. neut. n. Rhodomicrobium red microbe. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Rhodomicrobium Most characteristic for Rhodomicrobium species is the polar cell growth and the characteristic vegetative growth cycle which includes the formation of peritrichously flagellated swarmer cells and nonmotile “mother cells,” which form prosthecae from one to several times the length of the mother cell. Daughter cells originate as spherical buds at the end of the prosthecae and may undergo differentiation in various ways. They are Gram‐negative ovoid to elongate‐ovoid bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria. Internal photosynthetic membranes are of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The predominant cellular fatty acid is C18:1, which comprises more than 80% of the membrane‐bound fatty acids. Ubiquinone and rhodoquinone with 10 isoprene units are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a glucosamine‐containing, phosphate‐free lipid A with amide‐bound C16:0 3 OH. DNA G + C content (mol%): 61.8–63.8. Type species: Rhodomicrobium vannielii Duchow and Douglas 1949.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-07-24
    Description: The availability of dissolved iron (dFe) exerts an important control on primary production. Recent ocean observation programs have provided information on dFe in many parts of the ocean, but knowledge is still limited concerning the rates of processes that control the concentrations and cycling of dFe in the ocean and hence the role of dFe as a determinant of global primary production. We constructed a three-dimensional gridded dataset of oceanic dFe concentrations by using both observations and a simple model of the iron cycle, and estimated the difference of processes among the ocean basins in controlling the dFe distributions. A Green's function approach was used to integrate the observations and the model. The reproduced three-dimensional dFe distribution indicated that iron influx from aeolian dust and from shelf sediment were 7.6 Gmol yr and 4.4 Gmol yr in the Atlantic Ocean and 0.4 Gmol yr and 4.1 Gmol yr in the Pacific Ocean. The residence times were estimated to be 12.2 years in the Atlantic and 80.4 years in the Pacific. These estimates imply large differences in the cycling of dFe between the two ocean basins that would need to be taken into consideration when projecting future iron biogeochemical cycling under different climate change scenarios. Although there is some uncertainty in our estimates, global estimates of iron cycle characteristics based on this approach can be expected to enhance our understanding of the material cycle and hence of the current and future rates of marine primary production.
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : FUCHS, K.: Investigation on the Wave Propagation in Wedge-shaped Media . . . 51 ; CHATTERJEE, N. D.: Paläomagnetische Untersuchungen an ladinischen Eruptiven der westlichen Dolomiten, Norditalien . . . 90 ; Vorlesungsverzeichnis . . . 107 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 111 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geomagnetismus ; Vulkanismus ; waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : FRIEDRICH BURMEISTER zum 75. Geburtstag . . . 227 ; DEMNATI, A. und G. DOHR: Reflexionsseismische Tiefensondierungen im Bereich des Oberrheintalgrabens und des Kraichgaues . . . 229 ; GUTDEUTSCH, R. und M. KOENIG: Über die Signalgeschwindigkeit gebeugter elastischer Wellen . . . 246 ; TÄRCZY-HORNOCH, A.: Über die Genauigkeit der berechneten durchschnittlichen Geschwindigkeit bei der seismischen Reflexionsmethode . . . 260 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber . . . 273 ; Verzeichnis der geophysikalischen Vorlesungen (Wintersemester 1965/66) . . . 276 ; Mitteilung . . . 280 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 281 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Seismik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Lucke, O.: Die dynamischen Gleichungen des Plasmas in der Magnetosphäre (S. 105); Irsraël, H.: On the Sun-Rise Effect of Sferics Activity at 27 kc (S. 138); Bosum, W.: Erdmagnetische Messungen im Deckdiabasgebiet der Dillmulde und ihre Auswertung (S. 144); Wilhelm Schweydar † (K. Jung) (S. 158).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geomagnetismus ; Magnetosphäre ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Harth, W.: VLF-Atmospherics ‒ Ihre Messung und ihre Interpretation (S. 815); Kremser, G., A. Korth, K. H. Saeger, P. A. Jensen, V. N. Jensen, J. Taagholt: On the Longitudinal Extension of Electron Precipitation During Magnetospheric Substorms (S. 815); Stüdemann, W.: Untersuchung der Richtungsverteilung energiereicher Elektronen und Protonen im Morgensektor der Polarlichtzone während erhöhten Teilcheneinfalles (S. 863); Klostermeyer, J.: Influence of Viscosity, Thermal Conduction, and Ion Drag on the Propagation of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in the Thermosphere (S. 881); Schmidt, G.: Determination of the Height of Ionospheric Irregularities with the Holographic Method (S. 891); Eichmeier, J.: Vergleich der Beweglichkeitsspektren von „natürlichen“ Luftionen und der verwendeten Meßverfahren (S. 915); Kohnen, H.: Über die Beziehung zwischen seismischen Geschwindigkeiten und der Dichte in Firn und Eis (S. 925); D. Heye und H. Meyer: Ein Meßverfahren zur paläomagnetischen Messung an Tiefseesedimentkernen an Bord eines Schiffes (S. 937); Ernstson, K.: Geoelektrische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries ‒ Zum Verlauf des inneren Walls (S. 949); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ R. Kramm, K. Schlegel and W. Weiss: Partial Reflection Measurements with FM-CW ‒ A Preliminary Investigation (S. 953); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ Losecke, W.: Über die Bestimmung von Salzstockgrenzflächen mit Hilfe der Magnetotellurik (S. 959); Buchbesprechungen (S. 963).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Aurora ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Magnetosphäre ; Ozeanografie ; Paläomagnetismus ; Sedimente ; Seismik ; Tiefsee ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Rastogi, R. G.: Some Aspects of the F2 Region at Medium Latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (S. 217); Freiburg, Ch. und W. Kertz: Anordnung von Stabmagneten zur Erzeugung homogener Feldbereiche (S. 227); Schulz, G.: Über ein Refraktionsproblem (S. 236); Haalck, F. und R. Schulze: Die mit dem UTM erreichbare Genauigkeit (S. 246); Brockamp, B.: Zur hypsographischen Kurve des Mondes (S. 271).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geodäsie ; Ionosphäre ; Magnetismus ; Mond ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : SCHEUBE, H.-G. und J. UNTIEDT: Magnetische Messungen in der Rhön im Rahmen einer Studienfahrt . . . 283 ; HEINRICH, H.: Elastische Wellen in Eis . . . 293 ; SCHEIDEGGER, A. E.: Großtektonische Bedeutung von Erdbebenherdmechanismen . . . 300 ; Voos, K.: Über die Gestalt und das Schwerefeld der Erde . . . 313 ; PLAUMANN, S.: Berechnung der Schwerewirkung beliebig geformter dreidimensionaler Massen mit Hilfe von Auszähldiagrammen . . . 327 ; MEITZNER,W.: Zur Anwendung der FÖRSTER-Sonde bei gesteinsmagnetischen Arbeiten . . . 332 ; SOFFEL, H.: Magnetic domains of polycrystalline natural magnetite . . . 345 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdbeben ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Magnetismus ; Mineralogie ; Wellen
    Language: German , English
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: ENGELHARD, L.: Absorptionszellen-Magnetometer . . . l ; MÜLLER, H. J: Suche nach einer systematischen Änderung im Laufe des Jahres in der Phase der zweiten Harmonischen der täglichen Variation der kosmischen Strahlung . . . 39 ; CASTEN, U. and H. HIRSCHLEBER: Seismic Measurements in Jutland 1969 . . . 47 ; DRESEN, L.: Amplitudenuntersuchungen an seismischen Wellen zur Charakterisierung von Verwitterungsschichten mit vertikalem Geschwindigkeitsanstieg . . . 71 ; FUCHS, K: The Method of Stationary Phase Applied to the Reflection of Spherical Waves from Transition Zones with Arbitrary Depth-Dependent Elastic Moduli and Density . . . 89 ; HÄNEL, R.: Bestimmungen der terrestrischen Warmestromdichte in Deutschland . . . 119 , HÉDERVÁRI, P.: Map of Tectonic Flux of Japan . . . 135 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber: KIND, R.: Berechnung der Quellenfunktion einer Explosion im Flachwasser mittels einer Dekonvolutionsmethode . . . 141 ; WEICHERT, D. H.: Short-Period Spectral Discriminant for Earthquake-Explosion Differentiation . . . 147 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Aurora ; Azur Satellit ; Erdkern ; Geoelektrik ; Geologie ; Geomagnetismus ; Ionosphäre ; Seismik ; Strahlung ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Probleme des Gesteins- und Paläomagnetismus. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : SOFFEL, H.‚und N. PETERSEN: Vorwort . . . 303 ; BLEIL, U.: Cation Distribution in Titanomagnetites . . . 305 ; O’REILLY, W.‚ and P. W. READMAN: The Preparation and Unimixing of Cation Deficient Titanomagnetites . . . 321 ; READMAN, P. W., and W. O’REILLY: Oxidation Processes in Titanomagnetites . . . 329 ; PRÉVOT, M.: A Method for Identifying Naturally Occuring Titanomagnetites . . . . 339 ; PUCHER, R.: Magnetic and X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of the Synthetic Spinel System FeFe2O4 — MgFe2O4 — NiFe2O4 . . . . 349 ; SCHULT, A.: On the Strength of Exchange Interactions in Titanomagnetites and its Relation to Self-Reversal of Magnetization . . . . 357 ; HARGRAVES, R. B.‚ and N. PETERSEN: Notes on the Correlation between Petrology and Magnetic Properties of Basaltic Rocks . . . 367 ; CREER, K. M.: Geophysical Interpretation of Remanent Magnetization in Oxidized Basalts . . . 383 ; HEDLEY, I. G.: The Weak Ferromagnetism of Geothite . . . . 409 ; SCHMIDBAUER, E.: Magnetization of Fe-Cr Spinels and its Application for the Identification of Such Ferrites in Rocks . . . 421 ; SCHMIDBAUER, E.: Electrical Resistivity of Fe-Cr Spinels . . . 425 ; MANSON, A. J. : Rotational Hysteresis Measurements on Oxidized Synthetic and Natural Titanomagnetites . . . 431 ; ANDERS, W.: Untersuchung von Gesteinen mit ferrimagnetischen Mineralen mittels der Resonanz der Spin-Präzession der die Erscheinung des Ferromagnetismus bewirkenden Elektronen . . . 443 ; SOFFEL, H.: The Single Domain — Multidomain Transition in Natural Intermediate Titanomagnetites . . . 451 ; BIQUAND, D. ‚ and M. PRÉVOT: A.F.-Demagnetization of Viscous Remanent Magnetization in Rocks . . . 471 ; STORETVEDT, K. M.: Some Paleomagnetic Problems of Strongly Oxidized Rocks . . . 487 ; BUREK, P. J.: An Advanced Device for Chemical Demagnetization of Red Beds . . . 493 ; MARKERT, H., and N. STEIGENBERGER: On the Size Distribution of Submicroscopic Magnetite and Titanomagnetite Fine Particles in Basalt . . . 499 ; SOFFEL, H.: The Effect of Radiation with Fast Neutrons on the Saturation Remanence of a Basalt . . . 519 ; MARKERT, H.: On Some Magnetic and Magneto-Optic Properties to be Studied on Fine Precipitations in Glasses . . . 525 ; POHL, J.: On the Origin of the Magnetization of Impact Breccias on Earth . . . 549 ; HELLER, F.: Remanent Magnetization of the Bergell Granite . . .557 ; MÄUSSNEST, O.: Anomalien des erdmagnetischen Feldes im Gebiet der jungen Vulkane Südwestdeutschlands . . . 573 ; BOCK, G.‚ and H. STOFFEL: Paleomagnetic Investigation on Igneous Rocks from the Rhön, Germany . . . 581 ; WAGNER, J. J.: Rockmagnetic Studies on Ophiolites from Montgenevre (French-Italian Alps) . . . 589 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Alpen ; Geomagnetismus ; Magnetismus ; Paleomagnetism ; Petrologie ; Rhön ; Strahlung ; Vulkanismus ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : GUTLINO, G.: Ausbau eines Wechsellichtmonochromators und seine Anwendung zur Messung des Luftleuchtens während der Dämmerung und in der Nacht . . . 115 ; RAHMAN, A.: A New Type of Wave Discovered in the Schlieren Photographs . . . 146 ; KUHN, W.: Zur Theorie der endlichen elastischen Verschiebungen und ihre Anwendung auf isotrope elastische Körper, die unter beliebigen Anfangsverzerrungen stehen . . . 159 ; MÜNCH, J. Das Auftreten von pc-Pulsationen des erdmagnetischen Feldes in Abhängigkeit von der erdmagnetischen Aktivität . . . 192 ; DUTTA. S.: Note on the Propagation of Love-Waves in a Two-Layer Heterogeneous Medium . . . 200 ; EDER, G.: Der Zuwachs des Erdradius . . . 206 ; STILLER, H. und H. VOLLSTÄDT: Bestimmung ferri- und antiferromagnetischer CURIE-Temperaturen mittels Differentialthermoanalye . . . 212 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber . . . 219 ; Mitteilungen . . . 222 ; Buchbesprechung . . . 223 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geomagnetismus ; Licht ; Magnetismus ; Mechanik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten des Erdmagnetismus und der Ionosphäre, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Heft 1〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis 〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0007.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Satellite Techniques for Observing Water Vapor-Height Profiles (Bolle, H.-J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Time Variation of Low Energy Protons in the Inner Radiation Belt (Achtermann, E., Freden, S. C., Hovestadt, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Solarer Wind und Halbjahreswelle der erdmagnetischen Aktivität (Siebert, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0019.pdf"〉A Method for the Interpretation of Ionospheric Absorption Measurements during the Sunrise Effect in the D-Region (Cumme, G., Knuth, R., Wagner, C.-U.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Simultane Beobachtungen verschiedener ionosphärischer Phänomene während des erdmagnetischen Sturmes vom 31. Oktober bis 2. November 1968 (Czechowsky, P., Kochan, H., Lange-Hesse, G., Lauche, H., Möller, H. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Laufzeitanomalien von P-Wellen, beobachtet an den Stationen Stuttgart und Strasbourg (Röwer, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Israël, H., Roesner, H. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0028.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Raschke, E.: Die Strahlungsbilanz des Systems Erde-Atmosphäre — neuere Ergebnisse von Satellitenmessungen (S. 967); Harjes, H.-P.: Seismic Waves in Inhomogeneous Media (S. 1001); Haenel, R.: Heat Flow Measurements in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (S. 1035); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ G. WINTERER: Messung der Horizontalkomponente der elektrostatischen Feldstärke in der niederen Atmosphäre (S. 1049); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ D. HEYE,: Ein Meßverfahren zur paläomagnetischen Untersuchung von Lockersedimenten im Gelände (S. 1055); ‒ Brief an den Herausgeber ‒ S. THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA,: Possible Improvement of Seismic Signal to Noise Ratio by Vertical Gravity Gradients (S. 1059).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geoelektrik ; Gravitation ; Sedimente ; Seismik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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  • 34
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    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Übersichtsartikel: Dohr, G.: Reflexionsseismische Tiefensondierung (S. 193); Behle, A., W. Ehrismann, J. Makris, H. Menzel, O. Rosenbach und P. Steinhauser: Gravimetrische Untersuchungen in den Ostalpen II (Meßgebiet Salzburg ‒ Kärnten ‒ Tirol) (S. 221); Grafarend, E.: Isotropietests von Lotabweichungsverteilungen in Westdeutschland II (S. 243); Weidelt, P.: The Inverse Problem of Geomagnetic Induction (S. 257); Böhm, J.: Measurements of MeV-Electrons During the Recovery-Phase of a Polar Magnetic Substorm on March 6, 1970 (S. 291); Voigt, G.-H.: A Three Dimensional, Analytical Magnetospheric Model With Defined Magnetopause (S. 319); In memoriam KARL JUNG (S. 347); Buchbesprechungen (S. 351).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Magnetosphäre ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0113.pdf"〉Heft 5〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0114.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0115.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0116.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0117.pdf"〉A Possible Scattering Mechanism for Lunar Seismic Waves (Berckhemer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0119.pdf"〉On the Determination of Velocity Depth Distributions of Elastic Waves from the Dynamic Characteristics of the Reflected Wave Field (Fuchs, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0125.pdf"〉Auswertung seeseismischer Messungen mit einer digitalen Methode unter Anwendung der Theorie der Schallwellenausbreitung im Flachwasser (Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0128.pdf"〉On Chemical Magnetization in Some Permian Lava Flows of Southern Norway (Storetvedt, K. M., Petersen, N.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0132.pdf"〉Auswertung von Gravimeter-Messungen in der Münchberger Gneismasse längs eines Profils von Konradsreuth nach Niederlamitz (Soffel, H., Peters, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0133.pdf"〉Deutung der Schwereanomalien im Nördlinger Ries (Kahle, H.-G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0135.pdf"〉Eine Methode zur direkten Bestimmung der sogenannten "Geometrischen Tortuosität" (Bitterlich, W., Wöbking, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0137.pdf"〉Observations With Synchronously-Offset Beams on a 77 km path at 1.8 and 4 cm (Jeske, H., Seehars, H. D., Pucher, G., Cassebaum, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0139.pdf"〉Scattering of Seismic Waves and Lunar Seismograms (Strobach, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0140.pdf"〉Berechnung eines Stromsystems in der Polaren E-Region (Czechowsky, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0141.pdf"〉Mitteilung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0142.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Zürn, W., Seiler, E., Theile, B., Diem, Walk, )〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0143.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Gravimetrie ; Seismik ; Seismology ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 36
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Behrens, J.:Refraktionsseismische Messungen auf See (S. 161); Bosum, W.: Erdmagnetische Messungen im Deckdiabasgebiet der Dillmulde und ihre Auswertung [Fortsetzung] (S. 177).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Geomagnetismus ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 37
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: GEYH, M. A.: Der Radiokohlenstoff und seine Rolle in der geowissenschaftlichen Forschung . . . 909 ; FUCHS, K., D. MAYER-ROSA, and F. LIEBAU: Lateral Inhomogenities of the Earth‘s Mantle and Their Petrological Interpretation . . . 937 ; FIELITZ, K.: Elastische Wellengeschwindigkeiten in verschiedenen Gesteinen unter hohem Druck und bei Temperaturen bis 750 °C . . . 943 ; PARTSCH, W.: Ein gravimetrisches Modell der Erdkruste im Gebiet der Ostalpen . . . 957 ; HAENEL, R.: Heat Flow Measurements and a First Flow Map of Germany . . . 975 ; FLACH, D., O. ROSENBACH, and H. WILHELM: Tidal Analyses of Simulation Records Taken ba Two Askania Borehole Tiltmeters . . . 993 ; FLACH, D., G. JENTZSCH, O. ROSENBACH, and H. WILHELM: Ball-Calibration of the Askania Borehole Tiltmeter (Earth Tide Pendulum) . . . 1005 ; RICHTER, I.: Eine Gradientschicht im oberen Teil der Erdkruste als Wellenleiter von Raumwellen . . . 1013 ; BJÖRNSSON, A., O. HILDEBRAND, and H. VOELKER: First Observational Results of Geomagnetic pi2 and pc5 Pulsations on a North-South Profile through Europe . . . 1031 ; KOTADIA, K. M., and B. M. PATEL: Ionosperic Absorption of Radio Waves on 1.725 MHz and the Winter Anomaly during Sunspot Minimum . . . 1043 ; MÜHLEISEN, R., H.-J. FISCHER and H. HOFMANN: Horizontal Electric Fields in Ionosphere Derived from Air Electric Measurements . . . 1055 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Alpen ; Alps ; Askania Borehole Tiltmeter ; C-14 ; Earth’s Mantle ; Erdmantel ; Geomagnetismus ; Geothermie ; Geothermics ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Luftelektrizität ; Tiden ; waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 38
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: ENGELHARD, L.: Absorptionszellen-Magnetometer . . . l ; MÜLLER, H. J: Suche nach einer systematischen Änderung im Laufe des Jahres in der Phase der zweiten Harmonischen der täglichen Variation der kosmischen Strahlung . . . 39 ; CASTEN, U. and H. HIRSCHLEBER: Seismic Measurements in Jutland 1969 . . . 47 ; DRESEN, L.: Amplitudenuntersuchungen an seismischen Wellen zur Charakterisierung von Verwitterungsschichten mit vertikalem Geschwindigkeitsanstieg . . . 71 ; FUCHS, K: The Method of Stationary Phase Applied to the Reflection of Spherical Waves from Transition Zones with Arbitrary Depth-Dependent Elastic Moduli and Density . . . 89 ; HÄNEL, R.: Bestimmungen der terrestrischen Warmestromdichte in Deutschland . . . 119 , HÉDERVÁRI, P.: Map of Tectonic Flux of Japan . . . 135 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber: KIND, R.: Berechnung der Quellenfunktion einer Explosion im Flachwasser mittels einer Dekonvolutionsmethode . . . 141 ; WEICHERT, D. H.: Short-Period Spectral Discriminant for Earthquake-Explosion Differentiation . . . 147 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Geothermie ; Magnetismus ; Seismik ; Strahlung ; Tektonik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 39
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : STUKENBRÖKER, B.: Ergebnisse von Erdgezeiten-Parallelregistrierungen mit drei ASKANIA-Gravimetern . . . 1 ; DRIMMEL, J., G. GANGL, R. GUTDEUTSCH, M. KOENIG und E. TRAPP: Modellseismische Experimente zur Interpretation makroseismischer Daten aus dem Bereich der Ostalpen . . . 21 ; BORM, G.: Solutions of Boundary Value Problems of Multilayer Analogs of Geoelectrics and Hydrology . . . 41 ; JACOBY, W. R.: Isostasie und Dichteverteilung in Kruste und oberem Mantel . . . . . . 79 ; BUNTEBARTH, G.: Modellberechnungen zur Temperatur-Tiefen-Verteilung im Bereich der Alpen und des Alpenvorlandes . . . 97 ; BUNTEBARTH, G.: Über die Größe der thermisch bedingten Bouguer-Anomalie in den Alpen . . . 109 ; EHRISMANN‚ W.‚ W. LEPPICH, O. LETTAU, O. ROSENBACH und P. STEINHAUSER: Gravimetrische Detail-Untersuchungen in den westlichen Hohen Tauern . . . 115 ; EHRISMANN, W.: Ein allgemeines Verfahren zur digitalen Berechnung der Schwerewirkung von Modellkörpern . . . 131 ; KAHLE, H.-G., and M. TALWANI: Gravimetric Indian Ocean Geoid . . . 167 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Alpen ; Alpenvorland ; Erdmantel ; Geoelectrics ; Geoelektrik ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Hohen Tauern ; Hydrologie ; Hydrology ; Indian Ocean ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 40
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: 〈b〉Inhaltsverzeichnis :〈/b〉 〈br /〉 Übersichtsartikel: EIDEN, R. und G. ESCHELBACH: Das atmosphärische Aerosol und seine Bedeutung für den Energiehaushalt der Atmosphäre . . . 189 〈br /〉 MÜLLER, G.: Theoretical Body Wave Seismograms for Media with Spherical Symmetry — Discussion and Comparison of Approximate Methods . . . 229 〈br /〉 SCHICK, R., and M. RIUSCETTI: An Analysis of Volcanic Tremors at South Italian Volcanoes . . . 247 〈br /〉 FRÖHLICH, R. K.: Combined Magnetic and Geoelectrical Investigations over Lava Flows in the Volcanic Zone of the Laacher See, West Germany . . . 263 〈br /〉 MAKRIS, J., J. ZIMMERMANN, H. C. BACHEM, and B. RITTER: Gravity Survey of South AFAR, Ethiopia . . . 279 〈br /〉 BRÜCKL, E., und W. FÜRLINGER: Ein Vergleich von geologischen Gefügeaufnahmen mit seismischen Messungen . . . 291 〈br /〉 As, J. A.: The Compensation Method for Measuring the Components of the Earth’s Magnetic Field . . . 303 〈br /〉 Briefe an den Herausgeber: FUCHS, K.: The Fine Structure of the Lower Lithosphere — a Possible Marker for its Vertical Deformation . . . 313 〈br /〉 LAUDATIO zur Verleihung der Emil-Wiechert-Medaille an Prof. Dr. LUDWIG BIERMANN . . . 317 〈br /〉 In memoriom GÜNTER DIETRICH . . . 319 〈br /〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Deformation ; Ethiopia ; Geoelectrics ; Geomagnetism ; Geomagnetismus ; Germany ; Gravitation ; Gravity ; Italy ; Laacher See ; Lithosphere ; Seismik ; Seismics ; Volcanism ; Vulkanismus ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 41
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten des Erdmagnetismus und der Ionosphäre, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Heft 4〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0091.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysics and Germany, Men and Enterprises (Chapman, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Investigation of the Auroral Electrojet (Heinrich, H., Reimer, D., Siemann, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0095.pdf"〉Plasmamessungen im Polarlicht-Elektrojet und daraus erschlossene elektrische Felder (Kist, R., Spenner, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Polarisationsmessungen an künstlichen Bariumwolken (Möller, G. F., Haser, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Der Forschungssatellit AZUR (Keppler, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the Western United States from Seismic-Refraction Measurements in Comparison with Central European Results (Prodehl, C.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0105.pdf"〉MARS 66. Eine Magnetbandapparatur für seismische Tiefensondierung (Berckheimer, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0109.pdf"〉Recordings with Askania Gravimeters Before and After Important Earthquakes (Kizawa, T.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0111.pdf"〉Ergänzung zu "In memoriam Otto Lucke" (Heft 6/1969, S. 6-8) (Fanselau, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0112.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdmagnetismus ; Geomagnetismus ; Geophysik ; Ionosphäre ; Ionosphere ; Seismik ; Seismology ; Strahlung ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Berckhemer H, und W. Hiller: Kurzperiodische Stationsseismographen mit Trägerfrequenzverstärker und mechanischer Registrierung (S. 1); Brockhaus, K. und H. C. Joksch. Bestimmung der hypsometrischen Kurve des Mondes aus Beobachtungen von J. Franz (S. 9); Behnke, Cl.: Über Speicherung mehrerer durch Flüssigkeitsfunken erzeugter seismischer Impulse auf einem einzigen magnetischen Tonträger (S. 24); Kautzleben, H.: Ergänzung zur Arbeit: Über das geomagnetische Normalfeld nach Fanselau (S. 41); Lucke, 0.: Bemerkungen zur Dissertation von A. Vogel: Über die Unregelmäßigkeiten der äußeren Begrenzung des Erdkerns (S. 50).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdkern ; Geomagnetismus ; Mond ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 43
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Heft 2〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0032.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0033.pdf"〉The Influence of the Dislocation Density and Inclusions on the Coercive Force of Multidomain Titanomagnetites of the Composition 0.65 Fe₂TiO₄ 0.35 Fe₃0₄ in Basalts as Deduced from Domain Structure Observations (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Sonneneruptionseffekte in der Ionosphäre beobachtet in Lindau zwischen dem 27. Oktober und 2. November 1968 (Schwentek, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Elektronendichte-Messungen in der Ionosphäre mit einer neuartigen Hochfrequenz-Impedanzsonde (Melzner, F., Rabben, H. H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Über die Pitchwinkelverteilung von Elektronenflüssen mit Energien E〉40 keV in der Polarlichtzone (Rossberg, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Raketenexperiment zur Untersuchung von Nordlichtern. Messergebnisse des Protonendetektors EI 101 (Kirsch, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Schlierenoptische Untersuchungen an seismischen Gelmodellen mit photometrischer Auswertung des Wellenfeldes (Kozák, J., Waniek, L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Notes on Wave Theories for the Propagation of T-, Lg-, Rg-, G-Waves and Microseisms from Storms over Deep Sea (Bose, S. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0047.pdf"〉A method for Determining Source Parameters of Small Magnitude Earthquakes (Schick, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Überprüfung der Isostasie durch tiefenseismische Sondierungen (Vetter, U., Meissener, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Über die Struktur des Reykjanes-Rückens nach den Ergebnissen reflexionsseismischer Messungen (Ariç, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0056.pdf"〉In memoriam Friedrich Burmeister (Wienert, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0057.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Geophysik ; Aurora ; Earthquakes ; Erdbeben ; Ionosphäre ; Seismik ; Waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Übersichtsartikel: Behrens, J. und L. Waniek: Modellseismik (S. 1); Behle, A., W. Ehrismann, J. Makris, H. Menzel, C. Morelli und O. Rosenbach: Gravimetrische Untersuchungen in den Ostalpen I (Meßgebiet Mittenwald ‒ Innsbruck ‒ Verona) (S. 45); Koch, K. R.: Geophysical Interpretation of Density Anomalies of the Earth Computed from Satellite Observations and Gravity Measurements (S. 75); Haak, V.: Magnetotellurik: Bestimmung der Übertragungsfunktionen in Gebieten mit lateraler Änderung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit (S. 85) Reitmayr, G.: Die bevorzugten Polarisationsrichtungen des natürlichen erdelektrischen Feldes im Gebiet des Oberrhein-Grabens (S. 103); Caner, B. and H. Dragert: Instrumentation for Wide-Frequency-Band (0.01 - 100 Millihertz) Geomagnetic Induction Work (S. 121); Beblo, M.: Ein transportabler, netzunabhängiger Elektrograph für Dauerregistrierungen des induzierten erdelektrischen Feldes (S. 133); Tiefenau, H., P. G. Pruchniewicz and P. Fabian: Meridional Distribution of Tropospheric Ozone from Measurements Aboard Commercial Airliners (S. 145); Harth, W.: Die Beschreibung von VLF-Atmospherics-Parametern mit dem Wait-und-Walters-Modell (S. 153); Schödel, J. P., und J. W. Münch: Methode zur Untersuchung der spektralen Frequenzverteilung von Schwerewellen in der Ionosphäre (S.169); Briefe an den Herausgeber: Schröder, W.: Untersuchungen zur Tunguska-Katastrophe und den hochatmosphärischen Erhellungen vom 30. Juni 1908 (S. 179); Ernstson, K.: Bemerkungen zum Artikel von L. Engelhard über geoelektrische und magnetische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries (Z. Geophys. 37 (4), 667, 1971) (S. 183); Engelhard, L.: Zur Kritik von K. Ernstson an dem Artikel von L. Engelhard über geoelektrische und magnetische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries (Z. Geophys. 37 (4), 667, 1971) (S. 185); Buchbesprechungen (S. 189).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Geschichte ; Gravitation ; Ionosphäre ; Magnetismus ; Troposphäre ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 45
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Brocks, K.: Wechselwirkung Ozean-Atmosphäre (S. 675); Moritz, J.: Energetic Protons at Low Equatorial Altitudes (S.701); Rinnert, K.: Untersuchungen der unteren Ionosphäre mit Hilfe der Längstwellenausbreitung über große Entfernungen (S. 719); Bosum, W. und E. G. Kind: Die magnetische Anomalie von SOEST (S. 749); Mäussnest, O.: Magnetische Feldmessungen in der Hegau-Vulkanprovinz (SW-Deutschland) (S. 767); Töpfer, K. D.: Zur Berechnung des spez. Widerstandes von reinen unverfestigten Sanden (S. 773);
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Ionosphäre ; Ozeanografie ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 46
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: MENZEL, H: Tiefseekuppen . . . 595 ; MÜNCH, J., und W. DEMPEWOLF: Die Ablage der Orientierungsrichtung des Satelliten Azur von der Richtung des erdmagnetischen Feldes . . . 627 ; GHAZI, A., et al.: Studies on Total Ozone over Cologne . . . 641 ; Weidelt, P.: The Electromanetic Induction in Two Thin Half-Sheets . . . 649 ; ENGELHARD, L.: Geoelektrische und magnetische Messungen im Nördlinger Ries . . . 667 ; SCHLEUSENER, A. and W. Torge: Investigatione of Secular Gravity Variations in Iceland . . .679 ; JELITTO, R. J:: Vorbemerkungen zum Artikel von G. Borm über den Schwimmzustand bei sehr großen Massen . . . 703 ; BORM, G.: Über den Schwimmzustand bei sehr großen Massen . . . 707 ; GRAFAREND, E: Isotropietests von Lotabweichungsverteilungen inWestdeutschland I . . . 719 ; THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA, S. And W. R. JACOBY: Verticat Gradients of Gravity for Areal Density Contrast Exploration . . . 735 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber : MAJUMDAR, R. K:, and S. H. RAO: An Alignmant Chart for Gravity Elevation Correction . . . 743 ; THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA, S., and E. Groten: Principle of an Absolutet Gravity Meter and Gradiometer System . . . 747 ; In memoriam ALFRED EHMERT . . . 751 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 754 ,
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Atmosphere ; Azur Satellit ; Elektrodynamik ; Flotation ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Gravity ; Iceland ; Meeresboden ; Nördlinger Ries ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 47
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : Übersichtsartikel: Neue Ergebnisse und Probleme in der Luftelektrizität . . . 759 ; Übersichtsartikel: RIEGER, E.:Messungen des elektrischen Feldes in der oberen Atmosphäre . . . 795 ; LEITINGER, R.: Untersuchungen über die Höhenabhängigkeit der halbtägigen gravitationserregten Gezeiten der Atmosphäre . . . 835 ; POHL, J., .und H. SOFFEL: Paleomagnetic Age Determination of the Rochechourt Impact Structure (France) . . . 857 ; STEINWACHS, M: Interpretation von Mikroerdbebenregistrierungen in Westgriechenland . . . 867 ; FRÖHLICH, R. K.: Gravity Investigations over a Salt Structure near Lübbecke, Northern Germany . . . 883 ; KARDEVÁN, P.: Die Verwendung der exponentiellen Periodenverteilung zur Feststellung der Resonanzstellen des Untergrundes aus Registrierungen industrieller Bodenunruhe . . . 899 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Erdbeben ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Gravity ; Luftelektrizität ; Paleomagnetism ; Seismik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 48
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar (Archiv der DGG in Leipzig) | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : BOSE, S. K.: Generation of Lg-Waves and S-Velocity Distribution in the Crust . . . 1 ; JUNG, K., MENZEL, H., und O. ROSENBACH: Gravimetermessungen im Nördlinger Ries . . . 7 ; RASTOGI, R. G.: Lunar Tidal Oscillations in H and f0F2 at Equatorial Stations . . . 27 ; PETERSCHMITT, E., MENZEL, H.‚ und K. FUCHS: Seismische Messungen in den Alpen. - Die Beobachtungen auf dem NE-Profil Lago Lagorai 1962 und ihre vorläufige Auswertung . . . 41 ; Kurzmitteilung . . . 50 ;
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Seismik ; Tiden ; waves ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 49
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: INHALT: Vogler, G.: Ursachen emanometrischer Anomalien (S. 57); Budde, E.: Der Beweglichkeitskoeffizient der Radium-Emanation in Lockergesteinen (S. 72); Irsraël, H. und H. Dolezalek: Zur Vergleichbarkeit luftelektrischer Messungen (S. 77); Seibold, E. und R. Wiegert: Untersuchungen des zeitlichen Ablaufs der Sedimentation im Malo Jezero (Mljet, Adria) auf Periodizitäten (S. 87).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Radioaktivität ; Radon ; Sedimente ; Strahlung ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 50
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0144.pdf"〉Heft 6〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0145.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0146.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0147.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0148.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0149.pdf"〉Namensverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0150.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0151.pdf"〉Scattering of Low-Frequency Sound in the Ocean (Essen, H.-H., Hasselmann, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0154.pdf"〉Ringstromindizes und asymmetrischer Ringstrom (Schreiber, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0156.pdf"〉Natürliche Radioaktivität der Luft in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturschichtung und der Windgeschwindigkeit (Trippler, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0159.pdf"〉Eine säkulare Schwingung des erdmagnetischen Quadrupolfeldes als Ursache einer Änderung der Erdrotation (Wilhelm, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0163.pdf"〉Eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung der terretrischen Wärmestromdichte in Binnenseen (Hänel, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0164.pdf"〉Versuch einer Einteilung von Gesteinen nach gefügekundlichen und elektrischen Größen (Bitterlich, W., Wöbking, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0165.pdf"〉Ionenbahnen in einem platten- und zylinderförmigen Aspirationskondensator bei ebenem bzw. parabolischem Luftgeschwindigkeitsprofil (Eichmeier, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0167.pdf"〉Ein einfacher elektronischer Entzerrer für Seismometer (Wielandt, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0169.pdf"〉A Direct Demonstration of the Lunar Barometric Tide (Haurwitz, B., Cowley, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0171.pdf"〉Buchbesprechungen (Walk, Czerwinski, Haug, H., Schick, R., Kertz, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0172.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Atmosphäre ; Elektrodynamik ; Geoelektrik ; Radioaktivität ; Seismik ; Strahlung ; Tiden ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 51
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Vaněk, J.: Seismological Evidence on Discontinuities in the Mantle (S. 355); Davydova, N. I., I. P. Kosminskaya, N. K. Kapustian and G. G. Michota: Models of the Earth’s Crust and M-Boundary (S. 369); Giese, P.: The Special Structure of the PMP Traveltime Curve (395); Tregub, F. S.: Relation between P-Wave Amplitudes and Discontinuities in the Earth’s Crust (S. 407); Beranek, B.: The Results of Deep Seismic Sounding in Czechoslovakia (S. 415); Christoskov, L.: On the Amplitude Curves of Body Waves for Short Epicentral Distances and Their Oscillatory Character (S. 429); Ruprechtová, L.: Recent Interpretation of the Core Discontinuities (S. 441); Choudhury, M. A.: P-Wave Attenuation in the Mantle (S. 447); Galkin, I. N., V. T. Levshenko, V. I. Myachkin and A. V. Nikolayev: Inhomogeneity of the Earth with Respect to Physical Processes of Earthquakes (S. 455); Babuška, V.: Anisotropy of the Upper Mantle Rocks (S. 461); Červený, V.: Theory of Elastic Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media (S. 469); Behrens, J., R. Bortfeld, G. Gommlich and K. Köhler: Interpretation of Discontinuities by Seismic Imaging (S. 481); Červený, V. and J. Zahradník: Amplitude-Distance Curves of Seismic Body Waves in the Neighbourhood of Critical Points and Caustics — A Comparison (S. 499); Richards, P. G.: Seismic Waves Reflected from Velocity Gradient Anomalies within the Earth’s Upper Mantle (S. 517); Nedoma, J.: Investigation of Linear Harmonic Field of SH-Waves in a Stratified Inhomogeneous Medium Using the Finite Difference Method (S. 529); Plešinger, A. and R. Vích: On the Identification of Seismometric systems and the Correction of Recorded Signals for Identified Transfer Functions (S. 543); Vaněk, J.: Seismological Evidence on Discontinuities in the Mantle (S. 355); Davydova, N. I., I. P. Kosminskaya, N. K. Kapustian and G. G. Michota: Models of the Earth’s Crust and M-Boundary (S. 369); Giese, P.: The Special Structure of the PMP Traveltime Curve (395); Tregub, F. S.: Relation between P-Wave Amplitudes and Discontinuities in the Earth’s Crust (S. 407); Beranek, B.: The Results of Deep Seismic Sounding in Czechoslovakia (S. 415); Christoskov, L.: On the Amplitude Curves of Body Waves for Short Epicentral Distances and Their Oscillatory Character (S. 429); Ruprechtová, L.: Recent Interpretation of the Core Discontinuities (S. 441); Choudhury, M. A.: P-Wave Attenuation in the Mantle (S. 447); Galkin, I. N., V. T. Levshenko, V. I. Myachkin and A. V. Nikolayev: Inhomogeneity of the Earth with Respect to Physical Processes of Earthquakes (S. 455); Babuška, V.: Anisotropy of the Upper Mantle Rocks (S. 461); Červený, V.: Theory of Elastic Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media (S. 469); Behrens, J., R. Bortfeld, G. Gommlich and K. Köhler: Interpretation of Discontinuities by Seismic Imaging (S. 481); Červený, V. and J. Zahradník: Amplitude-Distance Curves of Seismic Body Waves in the Neighbourhood of Critical Points and Caustics — A Comparison (S. 499); Richards, P. G.: Seismic Waves Reflected from Velocity Gradient Anomalies within the Earth’s Upper Mantle (S. 517); Nedoma, J.: Investigation of Linear Harmonic Field of SH-Waves in a Stratified Inhomogeneous Medium Using the Finite Difference Method (S. 529); Plešinger, A. and R. Vích: On the Identification of Seismometric systems and the Correction of Recorded Signals for Identified Transfer Functions (S. 543);
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Erdbeben ; Erdkern ; Erdmantel ; Diskontinuität ; Seismik ; Wellen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 52
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    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Description: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Heft 3〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0061.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Die Theorien der thermoremanenten Magnetisierung von Gesteinen (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Natural Magnetization of Deep Core Samples of Basaltic Rocks from Brazil (Schult, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the East African Rift System from Spectral Response Ratios of Long-Period Body Waves (Bonjer, K.-P., Fuchs, K., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0071.pdf"〉Crustal Investigation from Gravity Measurements at the Scarp of the Ethiopian Plateau (Makris, J., Thiele, P., Zimmermann, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Verbreitung von schadenverursachenden Erdbeben auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Versuch einer seismologischen Regionalisierung (Ahorner, L., Murawski, H., Schneider, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Einfluß oberflächennaher Störkörper auf geoelektrische Widerstandsmessungen (Töpfer, K. D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Problematik der Deutung paläomagnetischer Meßergebnisse auf Grund von Untersuchungen an den Basalten des Paläovulkans Vogelsberg in Hessen (Schenk, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Ethiopian Rift Derived from Seismic and Gravity Data (Makris, J., Menzel, H., Zimmermann, J., Bonjer, K.-P., Fuchs, K., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0087.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdbeben ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Tektonik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
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  • 53
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    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers for Young Minds, 7 (96).
    Publication Date: 2019-07-22
    Description: All around the world, beneath the seafloor, there are huge volumes of natural gas. But these are not the normal gas reservoirs that we collect to use for cooking, heating our homes, and making electricity in power stations. This gas is locked up in what we call gas hydrates. Gas hydrates are a solid form of water, rather like ice, that contains gas molecules locked up in a “cage” of water molecules. Gas hydrates are found on continental shelves around the world and in permafrost in the arctic. We are interested in gas hydrates because they could be used as a future source of natural gas. They are also important because they can cause large landslides on the seafloor, damaging offshore pipelines and cables and contributing to the formation of tsunami waves.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 54
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    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers for Young Minds, 7 (Article 25).
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Did you know that we have better maps of the moon, Mars, and Venus than we do of the seafloor on Earth? Since oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface, understanding what the seafloor looks like, and where different processes, such as ocean currents are active, is hugely important. Mapping the seafloor helps us to work out things like where different types of fish live, where we might find resources, such as rare metals and fossil fuels, and whether there is a risk of underwater landslides happening that might cause a tsunami. Mapping the seafloor is very challenging, because we cannot use the same techniques that we would use on land. To map the deep ocean, we use a tool called a multibeam echo-sounder, which is attached to a ship or a submarine vessel.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Recent surveys of marine microbial diversity have identified a previously unrecognized lineage of diplonemid protists as being among the most diverse heterotrophic eukaryotes in global oceans. Despite their monophyly (and assumed importance), they lack a formal taxonomic description, and are informally known as deep-sea pelagic diplonemids (DSPDs) or marine diplonemids. Recently, we documented morphology and molecular sequences from several DSPDs, one of which is particularly widespread and abundant in environmental sequence data. To simplify the communication of future work on this important group, here we formally propose to erect the family Eupelagonemidae to encompass this clade, as well as a formal genus and species description for the apparently most abundant phylotype, Eupelagonema oceanica, for which morphological information and single-cell amplified genome data are currently available. © 2018 International Society of Protistologists
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Spores of the dinoflagellate Chytriodinium are known to infest copepod eggs causing their lethality. Despite the potential to control the population of such an ecologically important host, knowledge about Chytriodinium parasites is limited: we know little about phylogeny, parasitism, abundance, or geographical distribution. We carried out genome sequence surveys on four manually isolated sporocytes from the same sporangium, which seemed to be attached to a copepod nauplius, to analyze the phylogenetic position of Chytriodinium based on SSU and concatenated SSU/LSU rRNA gene sequences, and also characterize two genes related to the plastidial heme pathway, hemL and hemY. The results suggest the presence of a cryptic plastid in Chytriodinium and a photosynthetic ancestral state of the parasitic Chytriodinium/Dissodinium clade. Finally, by mapping Tara Oceans V9 SSU amplicon data to the recovered SSU rRNA gene sequences from the sporocytes, we show that globally, Chytriodinium parasites are most abundant within the pico/nano- and mesoplankton of the surface ocean and almost absent within microplankton, a distribution indicating that they generally exist either as free-living spores or host-associated sporangia. © 2018 International Society of Protistologists
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  • 57
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    Wiley
    In:  Animal Plant Reviews, 2 . pp. 619-658.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Heteroplasmy occurs when copies of an organellar genome (plastid or mitochondrial) differ from one another either within a cell or among cells within an individual. This phenomenon was first discovered in plastids over 100 years ago, though ‘heteroplasmy’ was not formally defined until decades later. Mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy have since been discovered in diverse taxa, including numerous plants, particularly those with the gynodioecious breeding system. Though heteroplasmy can arise through mutations in organellar genomes, biparental inheritance of organelles often generates heteroplasmy. This article is intended to summarise the cytoploid nature of organellar genomes and different aspects of mitochondrial and plastid heteroplasmy, from its discovery, to the development of detection methods. We will also discuss the effects of heteroplasmy on individuals, populations, and species, with regard to fitness, cytonuclear interactions, and genome evolution. Finally, we highlight a few research questions which we consider in need of further investigation to understand the prevalence and effects of heteroplasmy in natural settings.
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  • 58
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    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Prospecting, 67 (6). pp. 1557-1570.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Although narrow‐azimuth towed‐streamer data provides good image quality for structural interpretation, it is generally accepted that for wide‐azimuth marine surveys seabed receivers deliver superior seismic reflection measurements and seismically derived reservoir attributes. However, seabed surveys are not widely used due to the higher acquisition costs when compared to streamer acquisition. In recent years, there have been significant engineering efforts to automate receiver deployment and retrieval in order to minimize the cost differential and conduct cost‐efficient seabed receiver seismic surveys. These engineering efforts include industrially engineered nodes, nodes‐on‐a‐rope deployment schemes and even robotic nodes, which swim to and from the deployment location. This move to automation is inevitable, leading to robotization of seismic data acquisition for exploration and development activities in the oil and gas industry. We are developing a robotic‐based technology, which utilizes autonomous underwater vehicles as seismic sensors without the need of using a remotely operated vehicle for deployment and retrieval. In this paper, we describe the autonomous underwater vehicle evolution throughout the project years from initial heavy and bulky nodes to fully autonomous light and flexible underwater receivers. Results obtained from two field pilot tests using different generations of autonomous underwater vehicles indicate that the seismic coupling, and navigation based on underwater acoustics are very reliable and robust.
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  • 59
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    Wiley
    In:  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1436 (1). pp. 54-69.
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Regional climate modeling bridges the gap between the coarse resolution of current global climate models and the regional-to-local scales, where the impacts of climate change are of primary interest. Here, we present a review of the added value of the regional climate modeling approach within the scope of paleoclimate research and discuss the current major challenges and perspectives. Two time periods serve as an example: the Holocene, including the Last Millennium, and the Last Glacial Maximum. Reviewing the existing literature reveals the benefits of regional paleo climate modeling, particularly over areas with complex terrain. However, this depends largely on the variable of interest, as the added value of regional modeling arises from a more realistic representation of physical processes and climate feedbacks compared to global climate models, and this affects different climate variables in various ways. In particular, hydrological processes have been shown to be better represented in regional models, and they can deliver more realistic meteorological data to drive ice sheet and glacier modeling. Thus, regional climate models provide a clear benefit to answer fundamental paleoclimate research questions and may be key to advance a meaningful joint interpretation of climate model and proxy data.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: A marine seismic method based on continuous source and receiver wavefields has been developed. The method requires continuous recording of the seismic data. The source that may consist of multiple source elements can emit signals continuously while moving. The ideal source wavefield to be used with this method should be as white as possible both in a temporal and a spatial sense to avoid deep notches in the spectrum enabling a stable multi‐dimensional deconvolution. White noise has such properties. However, equipment that can generate white noise does not exist. In order to generate a continuous source wavefield that is approaching the properties of white noise using existing equipment onboard marine seismic vessels, individual air‐guns can be triggered with short randomized time intervals in a near‐continuous fashion. The main potential benefits with the method are to reduce the environmental impact of marine seismic surveys and to improve acquisition efficiency. The peak sound pressure levels are significantly reduced by triggering one air‐gun at a time compared to conventional marine seismic sources. Sound exposure levels are also reduced in most directions. Since the method is based on continuous recording of seismic data and the air‐guns are triggered based on time and not based on position, there are less vessel speed limitations compared to conventional marine seismic data acquisition. Also, because the source wavefield is spread out in time, the wavefields emitted from source elements in different cross‐line positions can be designed such that the emitted wavefield is spatially white in this direction. This means that source elements in multiple cross‐line positions can be operated simultaneously, potentially improving the cross‐line sampling and/or the acquisition efficiency.
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  • 61
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (1). pp. 365-373.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We investigate the role of the tropics, the stratosphere, and atmosphere‐ocean coupling for seasonal forecasts of strong, potentially damaging, Northern Hemisphere extratropical winter wind storm frequencies. This is done by means of relaxation experiments with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model, which allow us to prescribe perfect forecasts for specific parts of the coupled atmosphere‐ocean system. We find that perfect predictions of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere significantly enhance winter storm predictive skill between eastern Greenland and Northern Europe. Correct seasonal predictions of the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warmings play a decisive role. The importance of correctly predicting the tropics and of two‐way atmosphere‐ocean coupling, both for forecasting stratospheric sudden warming risk and, correspondingly, severe winter storm frequency, is noted.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The northern part of the South China Sea is characterized by widespread occurrence of bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) indicating the presence of marine gas hydrate. Because the area covers both a tectonically inactive passive margin and the termination of a subduction zone, the influence of tectonism on the dynamics of gas hydrate systems can be studied in this region. Geophysical data show that there are multiple thrust faults on the active margin while much fewer and smaller faults exist in the passive margin. This tectonic difference matches with a difference in the geophysical characteristics of the gas hydrate systems. High hydrate saturation derived from ocean bottom seismometer data and controlled source electromagnetic data and conspicuous high‐amplitude reflections in P‐Cable 3D seismic data above the BSR are found in the anticlinal ridges of the active margin. In contrast all geophysical evidence for the passive margin points to normal to low hydrate saturations. Geochemical analyses of gas samples collected at seep sites on the active margin show methane with heavy δ13C isotope composition, while gas collected at the passive margin shows light carbon isotope composition. Thus, we interpret the passive margin as a typical gas hydrate province fuelled by biogenic production of methane and the active margin gas hydrate system as a system that is fuelled not only by biogenic gas production but also by additional advection of thermogenic methane from the subduction system.
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  • 63
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (5). pp. 2715-2725.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The mechanisms controlling the variability of oxygen levels in the ocean are poorly quantified. We focus here on the impact of wind synoptic variability associated with tropical convective regions and extra‐tropical storms. Removing the wind higher frequencies of variability (2 days – 1 month) in an atmosphere reanalysis used to force an ocean model decreases wind stress by up to 20% in the tropics and 50% in the mid‐latitudes, weakening wind‐driven ocean circulation by 20%. Oxygen levels decrease by up to 10 mmol.m‐3 in tropical oceans and 30 mmol.m‐3 in subtropical gyres mainly due to changes in advective processes. While a large part of the tropical oxygen anomaly has local origins, changes in oxygen levels in the subtropical gyres modulate tropical oxygen distribution. Our study suggests that the “storminess” of the ocean is an important parameter that could determine the future evolution of poorly oxygenated regions.
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  • 64
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (6). pp. 3317-3326.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The Benguela Upwelling system (BUS) is the most productive of all eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems and it hosts a well‐developed oxygen minimum zone. As such, the BUS is a potential hotspot for production of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas derived from microbially‐driven decay of sinking organic matter. Yet, the extent at which near‐surface waters emit N2O to the atmosphere in the BUS is highly uncertain. Here we present the first high‐resolution surface measurements of N2O across the northern part of the BUS (nBUS). We found strong gradients with a three‐fold increase in N2O concentrations near the coast as compared with open ocean waters. Our observations show enhanced sea‐to‐air fluxes of N2O (up to 1.67 nmol m−2 s−1) in association with local upwelling cells. Based on our data we suggest that the nBUS can account for 13% of the total coastal upwelling source of N2O to the atmosphere.
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  • 65
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (4). pp. 2158-2166.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH), a short-lived intermediate in the nitrogen cycle, is a potential precursor of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in the ocean. However, measurements of NH 2 OH in the ocean are sparse. Here we present a data set of depth profiles of NH 2 OH from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the eastern tropical South Pacific and compare it to N 2 O, nitrate, and nitrite profiles under varying oxygen conditions. The presence of NH 2 OH in surface waters points toward surface nitrification in the upper 100 m. Overall, we found a ratio of 1:3 between NH 2 OH and N 2 O in open ocean areas when oxygen concentrations were 〉50 μmol/L. In the equatorial Atlantic Ocean and the open ocean eastern tropical South Pacific, where nitrification is the dominant N 2 O production pathway, stepwise multiple regressions demonstrated that N 2 O, NH 2 OH, and nitrate concentrations were highly correlated, suggesting that NH 2 OH is a potential indicator for nitrification.
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA) is affecting marine ecosystems through changes in carbonate chemistry that may influence consumers of phytoplankton, often via trophic pathways. Using a mesocosm approach, we investigated OA effects on a subtropical zooplankton community during oligotrophic, bloom, and post-bloom phases under a range of different pCO2 levels (from ∼400 to ∼1480 μatm). Furthermore, we simulated an upwelling event by adding 650 m-depth nutrient-rich water to the mesocosms, which initiated a phytoplankton bloom. No effects of pCO2 on the zooplankton community were visible in the oligotrophic conditions before the bloom. The zooplankton community responded to phytoplankton bloom by increased abundances in all treatments, although the response was delayed under high-pCO2 conditions. Microzooplankton was dominated by small dinoflagellates and aloricate ciliates, which were more abundant under medium- to high-pCO2 conditions. The most abundant mesozooplankters were calanoid copepods, which did not respond to CO2 treatments during the oligotrophic phase of the experiment but were found in higher abundance under medium- and high-pCO2 conditions toward the end of the experiment, most likely as a response to increased phyto- and microzooplankton standing stocks. The second most abundant mesozooplankton taxon were appendicularians, which did not show a response to the different pCO2 treatments. Overall, CO2 effects on zooplankton seemed to be primarily transmitted through significant CO2 effects on phytoplankton and therefore indirect pathways. We conclude that elevated pCO2 can change trophic cascades with significant effects on zooplankton, what might ultimately affect higher trophic levels in the future.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Radiative forcing from volcanic aerosol impacts surface temperatures; however, the background climate state also affects the response. A key question thus concerns whether constraining forcing estimates is more important than constraining initial conditions for accurate simulation and attribution of posteruption climate anomalies. Here we test whether different realistic volcanic forcing magnitudes for the 1815 Tambora eruption yield distinguishable ensemble surface temperature responses. We perform a cluster analysis on a superensemble of climate simulations including three 30-member ensembles using the same set of initial conditions but different volcanic forcings based on uncertainty estimates. Results clarify how forcing uncertainties can overwhelm initial-condition spread in boreal summer due to strong direct radiative impact, while the effect of initial conditions predominate in winter, when dynamics contribute to large ensemble spread. In our setup, current uncertainties affecting reconstruction-simulation comparisons prevent conclusions about the magnitude of the Tambora eruption and its relation to the “year without summer.”
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Increasing global energy demands have led to the ongoing intensification of hydrocarbon extraction from marine areas. Hydrocarbon extractive activities pose threats to native marine biodiversity, such as noise, light, and chemical pollution, physical changes to the sea floor, invasive species, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we assessed at a global scale the spatial overlap between offshore hydrocarbon activities and marine biodiversity (〉25,000 species, nine major ecosystems, and marine protected areas), and quantify the changes over time. We discovered that two-thirds of global offshore hydrocarbon activities occur in areas within the top 10% for species richness, range rarity, and proportional range rarity values globally. Thus, while hydrocarbon activities are undertaken in less than one percent of the ocean's area, they overlap with approximately 85% of all assessed species. Of conservation concern, 4% of species with the largest proportion of their range overlapping hydrocarbon activities are range restricted, potentially increasing their vulnerability to localized threats such as oil spills. While hydrocarbon activities have extended to greater depths since the mid-1990s, we found that the largest overlap is with coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries, saltmarshes and mangroves. Furthermore, in most countries where offshore hydrocarbon exploration licensing blocks have been delineated, they do not overlap with marine protected areas (MPAs). Although this is positive in principle, many countries have far more licensing block areas than protected areas, and in some instances, MPA coverage is minimal. These findings suggest the need for marine spatial prioritization to help limit future spatial overlap between marine conservation priorities and hydrocarbon activities. Such prioritization can be informed by the spatial and quantitative baseline information provided here. In increasingly shared seascapes, prioritizing management actions that set both conservation and development targets could help minimize further declines of biodiversity and environmental changes at a global scale.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Rapid mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is affecting sea level and, through increased freshwater and sediment discharge, ocean circulation, sea-ice, biogeochemistry, and marine ecosystems around Greenland. Key to interpreting ongoing and projecting future ice loss, and its impact on the ocean, is understanding exchanges of heat, freshwater, and nutrients that occur at the GrIS marine margins. Processes governing these exchanges are not well understood because of limited observations from the regions where glaciers terminate into the ocean and the challenge of modeling the spatial and temporal scales involved. Thus, notwithstanding their importance, ice sheet/ocean exchanges are poorly represented or not accounted for in models used for projection studies. Widespread community consensus maintains that concurrent and long-term records of glaciological, oceanic, and atmospheric parameters at the ice sheet/ocean margins are key to addressing this knowledge gap by informing understanding, and constraining and validating models. Through a series of workshops and documents endorsed by the community-at-large, a framework for an international, collaborative, Greenland Ice sheet-Ocean Observing System (GrIOOS), that addresses the needs of society in relation to a changing GrIS, has been proposed. This system would consist of a set of ocean, glacier, and atmosphere essential variables to be collected at a number of diverse sites around Greenland for a minimum of two decades. Internationally agreed upon data protocols and data sharing policies would guarantee uniformity and availability of the information for the broader community. Its development, maintenance, and funding will require close international collaboration. Engagement of end-users, local people, and groups already active in these areas, as well as synergy with ongoing, related, or complementary networks will be key to its success and effectiveness.
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Genetic data have great potential for improving fisheries management by identifying the fundamental management units—that is, the biological populations—and their mixing. However, so far, the number of practical cases of marine fisheries management using genetics has been limited. Here, we used Atlantic cod in the Baltic Sea to demonstrate the applicability of genetics to a complex management scenario involving mixing of two genetically divergent populations. Specifically, we addressed several assumptions used in the current assessment of the two populations. Through analysis of 483 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the Atlantic cod genome, we confirmed that a model of mechanical mixing, rather than hybridization and introgression, best explained the pattern of genetic differentiation. Thus, the fishery is best monitored as a mixed-stock fishery. Next, we developed a targeted panel of 39 SNPs with high statistical power for identifying population of origin and analyzed more than 2,000 tissue samples collected between 2011 and 2015 as well as 260 otoliths collected in 2003/2004. These data provided high spatial resolution and allowed us to investigate geographical trends in mixing, to compare patterns for different life stages and to investigate temporal trends in mixing. We found similar geographical trends for the two time points represented by tissue and otolith samples and that a recently implemented geographical management separation of the two populations provided a relatively close match to their distributions. In contrast to the current assumption, we found that patterns of mixing differed between juveniles and adults, a signal likely linked to the different reproductive dynamics of the two populations. Collectively, our data confirm that genetics is an operational tool for complex fisheries management applications. We recommend focussing on developing population assessment models and fisheries management frameworks to capitalize fully on the additional information offered by genetically assisted fisheries monitoring.
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean-atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of a network of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time to address fundamental scientific questions as well as societal needs. The network is maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements and provide platforms for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System. This paper describes network enhancements, scientific accomplishments and successes obtained from the last 10 years of observations, and additional results enabled by cooperation with other national and international programs. Capacity building activities and the role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System that is presently being optimized are also described.
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The tropical Atlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, Atlantic hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, and atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific. The tropical Atlantic also connects the southern and northern branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and receives freshwater input from some of the world’s largest rivers. To address these diverse, unique, and interconnected research challenges, a rich network of ocean observations has developed, building on the backbone of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). This network has evolved naturally over time and out of necessity in order to address the most important outstanding scientific questions and to improve predictions of tropical Atlantic severe weather and global climate variability and change. The tropical Atlantic observing system is motivated by goals to understand and better predict phenomena such as tropical Atlantic interannual to decadal variability and climate change; multidecadal variability and its links to the meridional overturning circulation; air-sea fluxes of CO2 and their implications for the fate of anthropogenic CO2; the Amazon River plume and its interactions with biogeochemistry, vertical mixing, and hurricanes; the highly productive eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling systems; and oceanic oxygen minimum zones, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Past success of the tropical Atlantic observing system is the result of an international commitment to sustained observations and scientific cooperation, a willingness to evolve with changing research and monitoring needs, and a desire to share data openly with the scientific community and operational centers. The observing system must continue to evolve in order to meet an expanding set of research priorities and operational challenges. This paper discusses the tropical Atlantic observing system, including emerging scientific questions that demand sustained ocean observations, the potential for further integration of the observing system, and the requirements for sustaining and enhancing the tropical Atlantic observing system.
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Ultraslow spreading ridges account for one-third of the global mid-ocean ridges. Their impact on the diversity and connectivity of benthic deep-sea microbial assemblages is poorly understood, especially for hydrothermally inactive, magma-starved ridges. We investigated bacterial and archaeal diversity in sediments collected from an amagmatic segment (10∘–17∘E) of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) and in the adjacent northern and southern abyssal zones of similar water depths within one biogeochemical province of the Indian Ocean. Microbial diversity was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Our results show significant differences in microbial communities between stations outside and inside the SWIR, which were mostly explained by environmental selection. Community similarity correlated significantly with differences in chlorophyll a content and with the presence of upward porewater fluxes carrying reduced compounds (e.g., ammonia and sulfide), suggesting that trophic resource availability is a main driver for changes in microbial community composition. At the stations in the SWIR axial valley (3,655–4,448 m water depth), microbial communities were enriched in bacterial and archaeal taxa common in organic matter-rich subsurface sediments (e.g., SEEP-SRB1, Dehalococcoida, Atribacteria, and Woesearchaeota) and chemosynthetic environments (mainly Helicobacteraceae). The abyssal stations outside the SWIR communities (3,760–4,869 m water depth) were dominated by OM1 clade, JTB255, Planctomycetaceae, and Rhodospirillaceae. We conclude that ultraslow spreading ridges create a unique environmental setting in sedimented segments without distinct hydrothermal activity, and play an important role in shaping microbial communities and promoting diversity, but also in connectivity among deep-sea habitats.
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Parasites are one of the strongest selective agents in nature. They select for hosts that evolve counter‐adaptive strategies to cope with infection. Helminth parasites are special because they can modulate their hosts’ immune responses. This phenomenon is important in epidemiological contexts, where coinfections may be affected. How different types of hosts and helminths interact with each other is insufficiently investigated. We used the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) – Schistocephalus solidus model to study mechanisms and temporal components of helminth immune modulation. Sticklebacks from two contrasting populations with either high resistance (HR) or low resistance (LR) against S. solidus, were individually exposed to S. solidus strains with characteristically high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) in G. aculeatus. We determined the susceptibility to another parasite, the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, and the expression of 23 key immune genes at three time points after S. solidus infection. D. pseudospathaceum infection rates and the gene expression responses depended on host and S. solidus type and changed over time. Whereas the effect of S. solidus type was not significant after three weeks, T regulatory responses and complement components were upregulated at later time points if hosts were infected with HG S. solidus. HR hosts showed a well orchestrated immune response, which was absent in LR hosts. Our results emphasize the role of regulatory T cells and the timing of specific immune responses during helminth infections. This study elucidates the importance to consider different coevolutionary trajectories and ecologies when studying host‐parasite interactions.
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits are of increasing economic interest in order to satisfy the relentless growth in worldwide metal demand. The Trans‐Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) hydrothermal field at 26°N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge hosts several such deposits. This study presents new controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM), bathymetric and magnetic results from the TAG field. Potential SMS targets were selected based on their surface expressions in high‐resolution bathymetric data. High‐resolution reduced‐to‐the‐pole magnetic data show negative anomalies beneath and surrounding the SMS deposits, revealing large areas of hydrothermal alteration. CSEM data, sensitive to the electrical conductivity of SMS mineralization, further reveal a maximum thickness of up to 80 m and conductivities of up to 5 S/m. SMS samples have conductivities of up to a few thousand S/m, suggesting that remotely inferred conductivities represent an average of metal sulphide ores combined with silicified and altered host basalt that likely dominates at greater depths.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Oceanic oxygen decline due to anthropogenic climate change is a matter of growing concern. A quantitative oxygen proxy is highly desirable in order to identify and monitor recent dynamics as well as to reconstruct pre-Anthropocene changes in amplitude and extension of oxygen depletion. Geochemical proxies like foraminiferal I/Ca ratios seem to be promising redox proxies. Nevertheless, recent studies on microanalyses of benthic foraminiferal I/Ca ratios at the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) measured with secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) revealed a possible association of iodine with organic accumulations within the test. Here, we present a new study on the micro-distribution of nitrogen, sulfur, and iodine within the test walls of Uvigerina striata from the Peruvian OMZ measured with Nano-SIMS. A quantification of the foraminiferal I/Ca ratios from our NanoSIMS study is in good agreement with quantitative results from a previous SIMS study. Additionally, we compared uncleaned specimens with specimens that have been treated with an oxidative cleaning procedure. Both nitrogen and sulfur, which are used as tracer for organic matter, show a patchy distribution within the test walls of the uncleaned specimens and a statistically significant correlation with the iodine distribution. This patchy organic-rich phase has a different geochemical signature than the pristine calcitic parts of the test and another phase that shows a banding-like structure and that is characterized by a strong sulfur enrichment. All three elements, sulfur, nitrogen, and iodine, are strongly depleted in the cleaned specimens, even within the massive parts of the test walls that lack the connection with the test pores. These results indicate that the organic parts of the test walls are located inside a microporous framework within the foraminiferal calcite. This has to be considered in the interpretation of geochemical proxies on foraminiferal calcite, especially for microanalytical methods, since the chemical signature of these organic parts likely alters some element-to-calcium ratios within the foraminiferal test.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The climate of the last two millennia was characterised by decadal to multi‐centennial variations which were recorded in terrestrial records and had important societal impacts. The cause of these climatic events is still under debate but changes in the North Atlantic circulation have often been proposed to play an important role. In this review we compile available high‐resolution paleoceanographic datasets from the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. The records are grouped into regions related to modern ocean conditions and their variability is discussed. We additionally discuss our current knowledge from modelling studies, with a specific focus on the dynamical changes that are not well inferred from the proxy records. An illustration is provided through the analysis of two climate model ensembles and an individual simulation of the last millennium. This review thereby provides an up‐to‐date paleo‐perspective on the North Atlantic multidecadal to multi‐centennial ocean variability across the last two millennia.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Marine sponges (Phylum Porifera) are globally distributed within marine and freshwater ecosystems. In addition, sponges host dense and diverse prokaryotic communities, which are potential sources of novel bioactive metabolites and other complex compounds. Those sponge-derived natural products can span a broad spectrum of bioactivities, from antibacterial and antifungal to antitumor and antiviral compounds. However, most analyses concerning sponge-associated prokaryotes have mainly focused on conveniently accessible relatively shallow sampling locations for sponges. Hence, knowledge of community composition, host-relatedness and biotechnological potential of prokaryotic associations in temperate and cold-water sponges from greater depths (mesophotic to mesopelagic zones) is still scarce. Therefore, we analyzed the prokaryotic community diversity of four phylogenetically divergent sponge taxa from mesophotic to mesopelagic depths of Antarctic shelf at different depths and locations in the region of the South Shetland Islands using 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based sequencing. In addition, we predicted functional profiles applying Tax4Fun from metagenomic 16S rRNA gene data to estimate their biotechnological capability and possible roles as sources of novel bioactive compounds. We found indications that cold and deep-water sponges exhibit host-specific prokaryotic communities, despite different sampling sites and depths. Functional prediction analysis suggests that the associated prokaryotes may enhance the roles of sponges in biodegradation processes of xenobiotics and their involvement in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: In the course of the ongoing global intensification and diversification of human pressures, the study of variation patterns of biological traits along environmental gradients can provide relevant information on the performance of species under shifting conditions. The pronounced salinity gradient, co‐occurrence of multiple stressors, and accelerated rates of change make the Baltic Sea and its transition to North Sea a suitable region for this type of study. Focusing on the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus, one of the main foundation species on hard‐bottoms of the Baltic Sea, we analyzed the phenotypic variation among populations occurring along 2,000 km of coasts subjected to salinities from 4 to 〉30 and a variety of other stressors. Morphological and biochemical traits, including palatability for grazers, were recorded at 20 stations along the Baltic Sea and four stations in the North Sea. We evaluated in a common modeling framework the relative contribution of multiple environmental drivers to the observed trait patterns. Salinity was the main and, in some cases, the only environmental driver of the geographic trait variation in F. vesiculosus. The decrease in salinity from North Sea to Baltic Sea stations was accompanied by a decline in thallus size, photosynthetic pigments, and energy storage compounds, and affected the interaction of the alga with herbivores and epibiota. For some traits, drivers that vary locally such as wave exposure, light availability or nutrient enrichment were also important. The strong genetic population structure in this macroalgae might play a role in the generation and maintenance of phenotypic patterns across geographic scales. In light of our results, the desalination process projected for the Baltic Sea could have detrimental impacts on F. vesiculosus in areas close to its tolerance limit, affecting ecosystem functions such as habitat formation, primary production, and food supply.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: N2-fixing cyanobacteria mediate H2 fluxes through the opposing processes of H2 evolution, which is a by-product of the N2 fixation reaction, and H2 uptake, which is driven by uptake hydrogenases. Here, we used microelectrodes to characterize H2 and O2 dynamics in single natural colonies of the globally important N2 fixer Trichodesmium collected from the Gulf of Eilat. We observed gradually changing H2 dynamics over the course of the day, including both net H2 evolution and net H2 uptake, as well as large differences in H2 fluxes between individual colonies. Net H2 uptake was observed in colonies amended with H2 in both light and dark. Net H2 evolution was recorded in the light only, reflecting light-dependent N2 fixation coupled to H2 evolution. Both net H2 evolution and H2 uptake rates were higher before 2 pm than later in the day. These pronounced H2 dynamics in the morning coincided with strong net O2 uptake and the previously reported diel peak in N2 fixation. Later in the afternoon, when photosynthesis rates determined by O2 measurements were highest, and N2 fixation rates decrease according to previous studies, the H2 dynamics were also less pronounced. Thus, the observed diel variations in H2 dynamics reflect diel changes in the rates of O2 consumption and N2 fixation. Remarkably, the presence of H2 strongly stimulated the uptake of mineral iron by natural colonies. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on the time of day, with the strongest response in incubations that started before 2 pm, i.e., the period that covered the time of highest uptake hydrogenase activity. Based on these findings, we propose that by providing an electron source for mineral iron reduction in N2-fixing cells, H2 may contribute to iron uptake in Trichodesmium colonies.
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Heme b is an iron-containing co-factor in hemoproteins. Heme b concentrations are low (〈1 pmol L-1) in iron limited phytoplankton in cultures and in the field. Here, we determined heme b in marine particulate material (〉0.7 μm) from the North Atlantic Ocean (GEOVIDE cruise – GEOTRACES section GA01), which spanned several biogeochemical regimes. We examined the relationship between heme b abundance and the microbial community composition, and its utility for mapping iron limited phytoplankton. Heme b concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 5.1 pmol L-1 (median = 2.0 pmol L-1, n = 62) in the surface mixed layer (SML) along the cruise track, driven mainly by variability in biomass. However, in the Irminger Basin, the lowest heme b levels (SML: median = 0.53 pmol L-1, n = 12) were observed, whilst the biomass was highest (particulate organic carbon, median = 14.2 μmol L-1, n = 25; chlorophyll a: median = 2.0 nmol L-1, n = 23) pointing to regulatory mechanisms of the heme b pool for growth conservation. Dissolved iron (DFe) was not depleted (SML: median = 0.38 nmol L-1, n = 11) in the Irminger Basin, but large diatoms (Rhizosolenia sp.) dominated. Hence, heme b depletion and regulation is likely to occur during bloom progression when phytoplankton class-dependent absolute iron requirements exceed the available ambient concentration of DFe. Furthermore, high heme b concentrations found in the Iceland Basin and Labrador Sea (median = 3.4 pmol L-1, n = 20), despite having similar DFe concentrations to the Irminger Basin, were attributed to an earlier growth phase of the extant phytoplankton populations. Thus, heme b provides a snapshot of the cellular activity in situ and could both be used as indicator of iron limitation and contribute to understanding phytoplankton adaptation mechanisms to changing iron supplies.
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  • 82
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124 (5). pp. 3021-3035.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Key Points: • A regional ocean model is used to examine multidecadal shelf temperature changes on the Agulhas Bank • There are distinct shelf temperature regime changes in 1966 and 1996 • These regime shifts are caused by changes in coastal upwelling linked to large-scale wind variability The Agulhas Bank is an important area for the spawning of small pelagic fish and other species. Here, within a NEMO ocean model, we investigate changes in temperature over the Bank on multidecadal time scales. In agreement with previous observational studies, a shift to colder temperatures is found in 1997. The model also simulates an earlier shift from colder to warmer temperatures in 1966. These shifts are coastally confined and shown, using a climatologically forced model run as a control, to be driven by a north‐south migration in the large‐scale wind belts, rather than by changes in downward heat fluxes or changes in the Agulhas Current itself. The zonal wind changes on the Agulhas Bank show a significant relationship with the Southern Annular Mode, showing some promise for future predictability of cold and warm regimes on the Agulhas Bank. Thus, while the Agulhas Current has been shown in previous work to have a large impact on intra‐annual and interannual temperature variability, this work shows that multidecadal variability in temperature on the shelf is likely to be wind forced.
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Gravitational sinking of photosynthetically fixed particulate organic carbon (POC) constitutes a key component of the biological carbon pump. The fraction of POC leaving the surface ocean depends on POC sinking velocity (SV) and remineralization rate (Cremin), both of which depend on plankton community structure. However, the key drivers in plankton communities controlling SV and Cremin are poorly constrained. In fall 2014, we conducted a 6 weeks mesocosm experiment in the subtropical NE Atlantic Ocean to study the influence of plankton community structure on SV and Cremin. Oligotrophic conditions prevailed for the first 3 weeks, until nutrient‐rich deep water injected into all mesocosms stimulated diatom blooms. SV declined steadily over the course of the experiment due to decreasing CaCO3 ballast and – according to an optical proxy proposed herein – due to increasing aggregate porosity mostly during an aggregation event after the diatom bloom. Furthermore, SV was positively correlated with the contribution of picophytoplankton to the total phytoplankton biomass. Cremin was highest during a Synechococcus bloom under oligotrophic conditions and in some mesocosms during the diatom bloom after the deep‐water addition while it was particularly low during harmful algal blooms. The temporal changes were considerably larger in Cremin (max. 15‐fold) than in SV (max. 3‐fold). Accordingly, estimated POC transfer efficiency to 1000 m was mainly dependent on how the plankton community structure affected Cremin. Our approach revealed key players and interactions in the plankton food web influencing POC export efficiency thereby improving our mechanistic understanding of the biological carbon pump. Key points Sinking velocity was higher during oligotrophy than during blooms which is linked to ballast, porosity, and phytoplankton size structure Remineralization was highly variable but tended to be higher during Synechococcus or diatom blooms and lower during harmful algal blooms Plankton community structure had a considerably larger influence on particle remineralization rate than on sinking velocity
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The physiological processes driving the rapid rates of calcification in larval bivalves are poorly understood. Here, we use a calcification substrate-limited approach (low dissolved inorganic carbon, CT) and mRNA sequencing to identify proteins involved in bicarbonate acquisition during shell formation. As a secondary approach, we examined expression of ion transport and shell matrix proteins (SMPs) over the course of larval development and shell formation. We reared four families of Mytilus edulis under ambient (ca. 1865 µmol/kg) and low CT (ca. 941 µmol/kg) conditions and compared expression patterns at six developmental time points. Larvae reared under low CT exhibited a developmental delay, and a small subset of contigs was differentially regulated between ambient and low CT conditions. Of particular note was the identification of one contig encoding an anion transporter (SLC26) which was strongly upregulated (2.3–2.9 fold) under low CT conditions. By analyzing gene expression profiles over the course of larval development, we are able to isolate sequences encoding ion transport and SMPs to enhance our understanding of cellular pathways underlying larval calcification processes. In particular, we observe the differential expression of contigs encoding SLC4 family members (sodium bicarbonate cotransporters, anion exchangers), calcium-transporting ATPases, sodium/calcium exchangers, and SMPs such as nacrein, tyrosinase, and transcripts related to chitin production. With a range of candidate genes, this work identifies ion transport pathways in bivalve larvae and by applying comparative genomics to investigate temporal expression patterns, provides a foundation for further studies to functionally characterize the proteins involved in larval calcification.
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  • 85
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20 (8). pp. 3841-3860.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Mid‐ocean ridge axes are marked by segmentation of the axes and underlying magmatic systems. Fine‐scale segmentation has mainly been studied along fast‐spreading ridges. Here we offer insight into the third‐ and fourth‐order segmentation of intermediate‐spreading ridges and their temporal evolution. The Alarcón Rise and the Endeavour Segment have similar spreading rates (49 and 52.5 mm/year, respectively) but contrasting morphologies that vary from an axial high with a relatively narrow axial summit trough to an axial valley. One‐meter resolution bathymetry acquired by autonomous underwater vehicles, lava geochemistry, and ages from sediment cores is combined with available seismic reflection profiles to analyze variations in (1) geometry and orientation of the axial summit trough or valley, (2) seafloor depth near the axis, and (3) distribution of hydrothermal vents, (4) lava chemistry, and (5) flow ages between contiguous axes. Along both intermediate‐spreading segments, third‐ and fourth‐order discontinuities and associated segments are similar in dimension to what has been observed along fast‐spreading ridges. The Alarcón Rise and the Endeavour Segment also allow the study of the evolution of fine‐scale segmentation over periods of 300 to 4,000 years. Comparison between old and young axes reveals that the evolution of fine‐scale segmentation depends on the intensity of the magmatic activity. High magmatic periods are associated with rapid evolution of third‐order segments, while low magmatic activity periods, dominated by tectonic deformation and/or hydrothermal activity, are associated with little to no change in segmentation.
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers between coastal lagoons and the sea, driven by a positive hydraulic gradient, is a net new pathway for solute transfer to the sea. On the sea side of sand barriers, seawater circulation in the swash-zone generates a flux of recycled and new solutes. The significance and temporal variability of these vectors to the French Mediterranean Sea is unknown, despite lagoons constituting ~ 50% of the coastline. A one-dimensional Ra-224(ex)/Ra-223 reactive-transport model was used to quantify water flow between a coastal lagoon (La Palme) and the sea over a 6-month period. Horizontal flow between the lagoon and sea decreased from ~ 85 cm d(-1) during May 2017 (0.3 m(3) d(-1) m(-1) of shoreline) to ~ 20 cm d(-1) in July and was negligible in the summer months thereafter due to a decreasing hydraulic gradient. Seawater circulation in the swash-zone varied from 10 to 52 cm d(-1) (0.4-2.1 m(3) d(-1) m(-1)), driven by short-term changes in the prevailing wind and wave regimes. Both flow paths supply minor dissolved silica fluxes on the order of ~ 3-10 mmol Si d(-1) m(-1). Lagoon-sea water exchange supplies a net dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux (320-1100 mmol C d(-1) m(-1)) two orders of magnitude greater than seawater circulation and may impact coastal ocean acidification. The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers represents a significant source of new DIC, and potentially other solutes, to the Mediterranean Sea during high lagoon water-level periods and should be considered in seasonal element budgets.
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Our civilization needs a clean, resilient, productive, safe, well-observed, documented and predicted ocean. “The ocean we need for the future we want” was the motto of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission proposal to the United Nations to consider the merit of an Ocean Science Decade. By proclaiming the Decade, the UN General Assembly offered the oceanographic community a unique, once in a life-time, opportunity to change the way we do things, make oceanography fit for purpose of effectively supporting sustainable development, and energize the ocean sciences for future generations. The Decade is the chance to put in place a more complete and sustainable observing system and feed the resulting data into a science-based informed decision-making system allowing increased reliance of our civilization on the ocean, its ecosystem services and, at the same time, preserving ocean health. Strong and proactive engagement of the oceanographic community in the design of the Decade and its observing component and subsequent energetic implementation of the ideas are sought. Participants in OceanObs’19 are invited to consider the additional possibilities and requirements associated with the Decade in their contributions to and brainstorming at the Conference. It is essential to use collective wisdom of OceanObs’19 to help developing an ambitious and also realistic implementation plan for the Decade, with a strong observational component.
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Climate change and variability are major societal challenges, and the ocean is an integral part of this complex and variable system. Key to the understanding of the ocean's role in the Earth's climate system is the study of ocean and sea-ice physical processes, including its interactions with the atmosphere, cryosphere, land and biosphere. These processes include those linked to ocean circulation; the storage and redistribution of heat, carbon, salt and other water properties; and air-sea exchanges of heat, momentum, freshwater, carbon and other gasses. Measurements of ocean physics variables are fundamental to reliable earth prediction systems for a range of applications and users. In addition, knowledge of the physical environment is fundamental to growing understanding of the ocean's biogeochemistry and biological/ecosystem variability and function. Through the progress from OceanObs'99 to OceanObs'09, the ocean observing system has evolved from a platform centric perspective to an integrated observing system. The challenge now is for the observing system to evolve to respond to an increasingly diverse end user group. The Ocean Observations Physics and Climate panel (OOPC), formed in 1995, has undertaken many activities that led to observing system-related agreements. Here, OOPC will explore the opportunities and challenges for the development of a fit-for-purpose, sustained and prioritized ocean observing system, focusing on physical variables that maximize support for fundamental research, climate monitoring, forecasting on different timescales, and society. OOPC recommendations are guided by the Framework for Ocean Observing (Lindstrom et al. 2012) which emphasizes identifying user requirements by considering time and space scales of the Essential Ocean Variables. This approach provides a framework for reviewing the adequacy of the observing system, looking for synergies in delivering an integrated observing system for a range of applications and focusing innovation in areas where existing technologies do not meet these requirements
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We study the structure and tectonics of the collision zone between the Nazca Ridge (NR) and the Peruvian margin constrained by seismic, gravimetric, bathymetric, and natural seismological data. The NR was formed in an on-ridge setting, and it is characterized by a smooth and broad shallow seafloor (swell) with an estimated buoyancy flux of ~7 Mg/s. The seismic results show that the NR hosts an oceanic lower crust 10–14 km thick with velocities of 7.2–7.5 km/s suggesting intrusion of magmatic material from the hot spot plume to the oceanic plate. Our results show evidence for subduction erosion in the frontal part of the margin likely enhanced by the collision of the NR. The ridge-trench collision zone correlates with the presence of a prominent normal scarp, a narrow continental slope, and (uplifted) shelf. In contrast, adjacent of the collision zone, the slope does not present a topographic scarp and the continental slope and shelf become wider and deeper. Geophysical and geodetic evidence indicate that the collision zone is characterized by low seismic coupling at the plate interface. This is consistent with vigorous subduction erosion enhanced by the subducting NR causing abrasion and increase of fluid pore pressure at the interplate contact. Furthermore, the NR has behaved as a barrier for rupture propagation of megathrust earthquakes (e.g., 1746 Mw 8.6 and 1942 Mw 8.1 events). In contrast, for moderate earthquakes (e.g., 1996 Mw 7.7 and 2011 Mw 6.9 events), the NR has behaved as a seismic asperity nucleating at depths 〉20 km.
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  • 90
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    Wiley
    In:  Evolution, 73 (12). pp. 2540-2541.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Does disease resistance evolution in vitro reflect resistance evolution in vivo? Hernandez and Koskella conducted serial passage experiments of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and two lytic bacteriophages in high‐nutrient medium (in vitro) and in a tomato plant (in vivo). High levels of bacterial resistance to phages evolved in vitro but not in vivo, suggesting that high costs and low benefits of resistance explain the observed pattern.
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  • 91
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    Wiley
    In:  Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 33 (20). pp. 1553-1564.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Rationale: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an atmospheric trace gas regulating Earth's climate, and is a key intermediate of many nitrogen cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems. Laser-based technology for N2O concentration and isotopic/isotopomeric analyses has potential advantages, which include high analytical specificity, low sample size requirement and reduced cost. Methods: An autosampler with a purge-and-trap module is coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer to achieve automated and high-throughput measurements of N2O concentrations, N2O isotope ratios (δ15Nbulk and δ18O values) and position-specific isotopomer ratios (δ15Nα and δ15Nβ values). The system provides accuracy and precision similar to those for measurements made by traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques. Results: The sample sizes required were 0.01–1.1 nmol-N2O. Measurements of four N2O isotopic/isotopomeric references were cross-calibrated with those obtained by IRMS. With a sample size of 0.50 nmol-N2O, the measurement precision (1σ) for δ15Nα, δ15Nβ, δ15Nbulk and δ18O values was 0.61, 0.33, 0.41 and 0.43‰, respectively. Correction schemes were developed for sample size-dependent isotopic/isotopomeric deviations. The instrumental system demonstrated consistent measurements of dissolved N2O concentrations, isotope/isotopomer ratios and production rates in seawater. Conclusions: The coupling of an autosampler with a purge-and-trap module to a cavity ring-down spectrometer not only significantly reduces sample size requirements, but also offers comprehensive investigation of N2O production pathways by the measurement of natural abundance and tracer level isotopes and isotopomers. Furthermore, the system can perform isotopic analyses of dissolved and solid nitrogen-containing samples using N2O as the analytical proxy.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Distinct differences were observed in geochemical signatures in sediments from two sites drilled in the upper plate of the Costa Rica margin during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 334. The upper 80 m at Site U1379, located on the outer shelf, show pore water non‐steady state conditions characteristic of a declining methane flux. These contrast with analyses of the upper sediment layers at the middle slope site (U1378) that reflect steady state conditions. Distinct carbonate‐rich horizons up to 11 meters thick were recovered between 63 and 310 meters below seafloor at Site U1379 but were not found at Site U1378. The carbonates and dissolved inorganic carbon from Site U1379 have a depleted carbon stable isotope signal (up to ‐25‰) that indicates anaerobic methane oxidation. This inference is further supported by distinct δ34S‐pyrite and magnetic susceptibility records that reveal fluctuations of the sulfate‐methane transition in response to methane flux variations. Tectonic reconstructions of this margin document a marked subsidence event after arrival of the Cocos Ridge, 2.2 ± 0.2 million years ago (Ma), followed by increased sedimentation rates and uplift. As the seafloor at Site U1379 rose from ~2000 m to the present water depth of ~126 m, the site moved out of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) at ~1.1 Ma, triggering upward methane advection, methane oxidation, and the onset of massive carbonate formation. Younger carbonate occurrences and the non‐steady state pore profiles at Site U1379 reflect continued episodic venting likely modulated by changes in the underlying methane reservoir.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The pelagic ocean receives terrigenous inputs of a range of organic compounds; however, the role that this terrigenous material plays in the ocean carbon cycle and biological pump is not entirely understood, and questions remain as to how oceanic cycles of terrigenous and autochthonous carbon interact. A significant portion of organic carbon that cannot be utilized by marine microbes in the epipelagic ocean escapes microbial remineralization to be sequestered in the deep ocean as refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM). Lignin, a “model” terrigenous compound, is thought to be refractory in the open ocean unless chemically altered. However, in this study, incubation experiments performed using lignin-amended oligotrophic seawater from the Sargasso Sea exhibited bacteria and archaea growth that doubled compared to unamended control treatments. The increase in bacteria and archaea cell abundance in lignin-amended treatments coincided with a 21–25% decrease in absorbance (250–400 nm) of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suggesting that certain microbes may be capable of altering fractions of this ostensibly recalcitrant organic matter. Furthermore, the microbial response to the lignin-amended treatments appears to be taxon-specific. Two phyla of Archaea, Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota, exhibited an increase in abundance of 7-fold and 28-fold (from 2.42 × 106 cells L–1 to 1.72 × 107 cells L–1, and from 1.60 × 106 cells L–1 to 4.54 × 107 cells L–1, respectively), over 4 days of incubation in lignin-amended treatments. Additionally, an increase of 11-fold and 13-fold (from 2.93 × 106 cells L–1 to 3.30 × 107 cells L–1, and from 3.26 × 106 cells L–1 to 4.28 × 107 cells L–1, respectively), was observed in the abundance of these phyla in treatments containing lignin with added nitrogen and phosphorus, thus raising questions regarding primary and/or secondary responses to lignin degradation. Our findings indicate that marine bacteria and archaea play a role in the transformation of the optical properties of lignin in the open ocean and that they may serve as a potential sink for a portion of the lignin macromolecule.
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Multidisciplinary ocean observing activities provide critical ocean information to satisfy ever-changing socioeconomic needs and require coordinated implementation. The upper oxycline (transition between high and low oxygen waters) is fundamentally important for the ecosystem structure and can be a useful proxy for multiple observing objectives connected to eastern boundary systems (EBSs) that neighbor oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The variability of the oxycline and its impact on the ecosystem (VOICE) initiative demonstrates how societal benefits drive the need for integration and optimization of biological, biogeochemical, and physical components of regional ocean observing related to EBS. In liaison with the Global Ocean Oxygen Network, VOICE creates a roadmap toward observation-model syntheses for a comprehensive understanding of selected oxycline-dependent objectives. Local to global effects, such as habitat compression or deoxygenation trends, prompt for comprehensive observing of the oxycline on various space and time scales, and for an increased awareness of its impact on ecosystem services. Building on the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), we present a first readiness level assessment for ocean observing of the oxycline in EBS. This was to determine current ocean observing design and future needs in EBS regions (e.g., the California Current System, the Equatorial Eastern Pacific off Ecuador, the Peru–Chile Current system, the Northern Benguela off Namibia, etc.) building on the FOO strategy. We choose regional champions to assess the ocean observing design elements proposed in the FOO, namely, requirement processes, coordination of observational elements, and data management and information products and the related best practices. The readiness level for the FOO elements was derived for each EBS through a similar and very general ad hoc questionnaire. Despite some weaknesses in the questionnaire design and its completion, an assessment was achievable. We found that fisheries and ecosystem management are a societal requirement for all regions, but maturity levels of observational elements and data management and information products differ substantially. Identification of relevant stakeholders, developing strategies for readiness level improvements, and building and sustaining infrastructure capacity to implement these strategies are fundamental milestones for the VOICE initiative over the next 2–5 years and beyond.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays critical roles in marine carbon cycling, but its sources and sinks remain uncertain. In this study, we monitored DOC exudation rates of Sargassum natans under visible light (lambda 〉 390 nm) and solar radiation. DOC release rates ranged from 7 to 10 mu g C g(biomass)(-1) hr(-1) (wet weight) under visible light, but increased to 23 to 41 mu g C g(biomass)(-1) hr(-1) when exposed to natural sunlight. Results indicate that DOC released by Sargassum could amount to 0.3 to 1.2 Tg C/year, potentially contributing significantly to the marine DOC pool in the Gulf of Mexico and Western North Atlantic. We employed the Folin-Ciocalteu phenolic content method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the diverse pool of organic compounds exuded from Sargassum. Results from these complementary methods showed that Sargassum release large quantities of phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols that have very similar properties to terrestrial DOC. These phlorotannins and their oxygenated phenolic derivatives exhibit a high hydrogen deficiency and functionalization (i.e., 4 to 6 oxygen atoms per aromatic ring), representing 5 to 18% of the released DOC isolated by solid phase extraction. Thus, Sargassum is the largest biological source of open ocean polyphenols recorded to date. The amount of polyphenolic DOC released by Sargassum challenges previous beliefs that all polyphenols found within the oceans are remnants of terrestrial organic matter, although the stability of phlorotannins and their derivatives needs to be further evaluated.
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  • 96
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20 (11). pp. 5126-5147.
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: We present a three-dimensional gas hydrate systems model of the southern Hikurangi subduction margin in eastern New Zealand. The model integrates thermal and microbial gas generation, migration, and hydrate formation. Modeling these processes has improved the understanding of factors controlling hydrate distribution. Three spatial trends of concentrated hydrate occurrence are predicted. The first trend (I) is aligned with the principal deformation front in the overriding Australian plate. Concentrated hydrate deposits are predicted at or near the apexes of anticlines and to be mainly sourced from focused migration and recycling of microbial gas generated beneath the hydrate stability zone. A second predicted trend (II) is related to deformation in the subducting Pacific plate associated with former Mesozoic subduction beneath Gondwana and the modern Pacific-Australian plate boundary. This trend is enhanced by increased advection of thermogenic gas through permeable layers in the subducting plate and focused migration into the Neogene basin fill above Cretaceous-Paleogene structures. The third trend (III) follows the northern margin of the Hikurangi Channel and is related to the presence of buried strata of the Hikurangi Channel system. The predicted trends are consistent with pronounced seismic reflection anomalies related to free gas in the pore space and strength of the bottom-simulating reflection. However, only trend I is also associated with clear and widespread seismic indications of concentrated gas hydrate. Total predicted hydrate masses at the southern Hikurangi Margin are between 52,800 and 69,800 Mt. This equates to 3.4–4.5 Mt hydrate/km2, containing 6.33 × 108–8.38 × 108 m3/km2 of methane.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Global climatic changes during the last Glacial and Deglacial have been related to variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we present new and refined 231Pa/230Th down‐core profiles extending back to 30 ka BP from the northwestern Atlantic along the Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), which is the main component of the southward deep backflow of the AMOC. Besides the well‐known Bermuda Rise records, available high‐resolution 231Pa/230Th data in the northwestern Atlantic are still sparse. Our new records along with reconstructions of deep water provenance from Nd isotopes constrain the timing and magnitude of past changes in AMOC from an additional northwestern Atlantic region forming a depth transect between 3000 and 4760 m water depth. Our extended and improved dataset confirms the weakening of the AMOC during deglacial cold spells such as Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas interrupted by a reinvigoration during the Bølling‐Allerød interstadial as seen in the prominent 231Pa/230Th records from the Bermuda Rise. However, in contrast to the Bermuda Rise records we find a clearly reduced circulation strength during the Last Glacial Maximum in the deep Atlantic.
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Corals exert a strong biological control over their calcification processes, but there is a lack of knowledge on their capability of long-term acclimatization to ocean acidification (OA). We used a dual geochemical proxy approach to estimate the calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) and carbonate chemistry of a Mediterranean coral (Balanophyllia europaea) naturally growing along a pH gradient (range: pHTS 8.07–7.74). The pHcf derived from skeletal boron isotopic composition (δ11B) was 0.3–0.6 units above seawater values and homogeneous along the gradient (mean ± SEM: Site 1 = 8.39 ± 0.03, Site 2 = 8.34 ± 0.03, Site 3 = 8.34 ± 0.02). Also carbonate ion concentration derived from B/Ca was homogeneous [mean ± SEM (μmol kg–1): Site 1 = 579 ± 34, Site 2 = 541 ± 27, Site 3 = 568 ± 30] regardless of seawater pH. Furthermore, gross calcification rate (GCR, mass of CaCO3 deposited on the skeletal unit area per unit of time), estimated by a “bio-inorganic model” (IpHRAC), was homogeneous with decreasing pH. The homogeneous GCR, internal pH and carbonate chemistry confirm that the features of the “building blocks” – the fundamental structural components – produced by the biomineralization process were substantially unaffected by increased acidification. Furthermore, the pH up-regulation observed in this study could potentially explain the previous hypothesis that less “building blocks” are produced with increasing acidification ultimately leading to increased skeletal porosity and to reduced net calcification rate computed by including the total volume of the pore space. In fact, assuming that the available energy at the three sites is the same, this energy at the low pH sites could be partitioned among fewer calicoblastic cells that consume more energy given the larger difference between external and internal pH compared to the control, leading to the production of less building blocks (i.e., formation of pores inside the skeleton structure, determining increased porosity). However, we cannot exclude that also dissolution may play a role in increasing porosity. Thus, the ability of scleractinian corals to maintain elevated pHcf relative to ambient seawater might not always be sufficient to counteract declines in net calcification under OA scenarios.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Gelatinous zooplankton (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Urochordata, namely, Thaliacea) are ubiquitous members of plankton communities linking primary production to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean by serving as food and transferring “jelly‐carbon” (jelly‐C) upon bloom collapse. Global biomass within the upper 200 m reaches 0.038 Pg C, which, with a 2–12 months life span, serves as the lower limit for annual jelly‐C production. Using over 90,000 data points from 1934 to 2011 from the Jellyfish Database Initiative as an indication of global biomass (JeDI: http://jedi.nceas.ucsb.edu, http://www.bco‐dmo.org/dataset/526852), upper ocean jelly‐C biomass and production estimates, organism vertical migration, jelly‐C sinking rates, and water column temperature profiles from GLODAPv2, we quantitatively estimate jelly‐C transfer efficiency based on Longhurst Provinces. From the upper 200 m production estimate of 0.038 Pg C year−1, 59–72% reaches 500 m, 46–54% reaches 1,000 m, 43–48% reaches 2,000 m, 32–40% reaches 3,000 m, and 25–33% reaches 4,500 m. This translates into ~0.03, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 Pg C year−1, transferred down to 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,500 m, respectively. Jelly‐C fluxes and transfer efficiencies can occasionally exceed phytodetrital‐based sediment trap estimates in localized open ocean and continental shelves areas under large gelatinous blooms or jelly‐C mass deposition events, but this remains ephemeral and transient in nature. This transfer of fast and permanently exported carbon reaching the ocean interior via jelly‐C constitutes an important component of the global biological soft‐tissue pump, and should be addressed in ocean biogeochemical models, in particular, at the local and regional scale.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Sea surface salinity (SSS) is an important variable in the global ocean circulation. However, decadal to interdecadal changes in SSS are not well understood due to the lack of instrumental data. Here we reconstruct SSS from a paired, bimonthly resolved coral δ18O and Sr/Ca record from La Reunion Island that extends from 1913 to 1995. Coral Sr/Ca correlates with regional sea surface temperature (SST) back to 1966, when instrumental coverage is good, while coral δ18O does not. The slope of the monthly (annual mean) coral Sr/Ca-SST regression is −0.040 mmol/mol per 1 °C (−0.068 mmol/mol per 1 °C) consistent with published estimates of the Sr/Ca-SST relationship. Coral Sr/Ca suggest a warming of 0.39 °C since 1913. δ18O seawater is calculated by subtracting the temperature component from measured coral δ18O, using coral Sr/Ca as well as historical SST products. The derived δ18O seawater reconstructions are correlated (r 〉 0.6), and all show a significant shift in the midtwentieth century (−0.17‰ to −0.19‰), indicating a freshening of SSS by 0.7 psu. However, the timing of this shift depends on the temperature component and varies from 1947 (δ18O seawater calculated with historical SST) to the late 1950s (δ18O seawater calculated with coral Sr/Ca). Coral Sr/Ca shows warm temperature anomalies in the mid-1950s, while historical SST products show warm anomalies from 1940 to 1945 followed by cooling in the 1950s, a pattern typical for the World War II bias. This suggests that historical SST may bias reconstructions of δ18O seawater and SSS from corals.
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