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  • United States  (266)
  • Mutation  (162)
  • Models, Biological  (63)
  • Rats  (60)
  • Phosphorylation
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (562)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health
  • Springer
  • 2000-2004  (562)
  • 2002  (562)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (562)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health
  • Springer
Years
  • 2000-2004  (562)
Year
  • 101
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    Planetary science. And an icy patch at Mars's south pole (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, Dana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1866-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate ; Dry Ice ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; *Mars ; Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    Anthrax sequence. Useful data but no smoking gun (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1002-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacillus anthracis/*classification/*genetics ; *Bioterrorism ; Cattle/microbiology ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Goats/microbiology ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 103
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    Genetics. DNA patenting and licensing (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henry, Michelle R -- Cho, Mildred K -- Weaver, Meredith A -- Merz, Jon F -- R01 HG002034/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-01A1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-01A1S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-01A1S2/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002034-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02034/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1279.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3308, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/legislation & jurisprudence ; Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Dna ; Financing, Government ; *Genetics ; Interviews as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patents as Topic ; Research Support as Topic ; *Technology Transfer ; United States ; Universities/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
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    Biosynthesis of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: C-1027 is a potent antitumor agent with a previously undescribed molecular architecture and mode of action. Cloning and characterization of the 85-kilobase C-1027 biosynthesis gene cluster from Streptomyces globisporus revealed (i) an iterative type I polyketide synthase that is distinct from any bacterial polyketide synthases known to date, (ii) a general polyketide pathway for the biosynthesis of both the 9- and 10-membered enediyne antibiotics, and (iii) a convergent biosynthetic strategy for the C-1027 chromophore from four building blocks. Manipulation of genes governing C-1027 biosynthesis allowed us to produce an enediyne compound in a predicted manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Wen -- Christenson, Steven D -- Standage, Scott -- Shen, Ben -- AI51689/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA78747/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1170-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aminoglycosides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*biosynthesis ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*biosynthesis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enediynes ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Streptomyces/enzymology/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    European patents. Tough stance on stem cell, DNA claims (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):754-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biotechnology/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cloning, Organism/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Europe ; Genes ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 106
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    Development. Missized mutants help identify organ tailors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/*cytology/growth & development ; Retina/*cytology/growth & development ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Trans-Activators/*genetics/physiology ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    Generation of live young from xenografted mouse ovaries (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snow, Melanie -- Cox, Shae-Lee -- Jenkin, Graham -- Trounson, Alan -- Shaw, Jillian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, 3800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropins, Equine/administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Nude ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary/*transplantation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rats ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; *Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
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    Regulatory role of SGT1 in early R gene-mediated plant defenses (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: Animal SGT1 is a component of Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases that target regulatory proteins for degradation. Mutations in one (SGT1b) of two highly homologous Arabidopsis SGT1 genes disable early plant defenses conferred by multiple resistance (R) genes. Loss of SGT1b function in resistance is not compensated for by SGT1a. R genes differ in their requirements for SGT1b and a second resistance signaling gene, RAR1, that was previously implicated as an SGT1 interactor. Moreover, SGT1b and RAR1 contribute additively to RPP5-mediated pathogen recognition. These data imply both operationally distinct and cooperative functions of SGT1 and RAR1 in plant disease resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Mark J -- Muskett, Paul -- Kahn, Katherine -- Feys, Bart J -- Jones, Jonathan D G -- Parker, Jane E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2077-80. Epub 2002 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Death ; *Genes, Plant ; Immunity, Innate ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oomycetes/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Plant Diseases ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sequence Alignment ; Spores, Fungal/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 109
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    A distinct signaling pathway used by the IgG-containing B cell antigen receptor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: The immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing B lymphocyte antigen receptor (IgG-BCR) transmits a signal distinct from that of IgM-BCR or IgD-BCR, although all three use the same signal-transducing component, Igalpha/Igbeta. Here we demonstrate that the inhibitory coreceptor CD22 down-modulates signaling through IgM-BCR and IgD-BCR, but not that through IgG-BCR, because of the IgG cytoplasmic tail, which prevents CD22 phosphorylation. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic tail of IgG specifically enhances IgG-BCR signaling by preventing CD22-mediated signal inhibition. Enhanced signaling through IgG-BCR may be involved in efficient IgG production, which is crucial for immunity to pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wakabayashi, Chisato -- Adachi, Takahiro -- Wienands, Jurgen -- Tsubata, Takeshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2392-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; *Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunoglobulin D/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lectins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 110
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    Merging genomes with geochemistry in hydrothermal ecosystems (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Thermophilic microbial inhabitants of active seafloor and continental hot springs populate the deepest branches of the universal phylogenetic tree, making hydrothermal ecosystems the most ancient continuously inhabited ecosystems on Earth. Geochemical consequences of hot water-rock interactions render these environments habitable and supply a diverse array of energy sources. Clues to the strategies for how life thrives in these dynamic ecosystems are beginning to be elucidated through a confluence of biogeochemistry, microbiology, ecology, molecular biology, and genomics. These efforts have the potential to reveal how ecosystems originate, the extent of the subsurface biosphere, and the driving forces of evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reysenbach, Anna-Louise -- Shock, Everett -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1077-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. reysenbacha@pdx.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Archaea/classification/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environmental Microbiology ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Variation ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hot Temperature ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    Fork reversal and ssDNA accumulation at stalled replication forks owing to checkpoint defects (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: Checkpoint-mediated control of replicating chromosomes is essential for preventing cancer. In yeast, Rad53 kinase protects stalled replication forks from pathological rearrangements. To characterize the mechanisms controlling fork integrity, we analyzed replication intermediates formed in response to replication blocks using electron microscopy. At the forks, wild-type cells accumulate short single-stranded regions, which likely causes checkpoint activation, whereas rad53 mutants exhibit extensive single-stranded gaps and hemi-replicated intermediates, consistent with a lagging-strand synthesis defect. Further, rad53 cells accumulate Holliday junctions through fork reversal. We speculate that, in checkpoint mutants, abnormal replication intermediates begin to form because of uncoordinated replication and are further processed by unscheduled recombination pathways, causing genome instability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sogo, Jose M -- Lopes, Massimo -- Foiani, Marco -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):599-602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Honggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/*metabolism ; Furocoumarins/pharmacology ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleosomes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    Unpopular opinions need not apply (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loomis, Dana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1335-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Federal Government ; Human Engineering ; *National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; *Politics ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 113
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    Beauty and the beast (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Vaccines ; *Biological Warfare ; *Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Clostridium botulinum/immunology ; *Cosmetic Techniques ; *Drug Approval ; Humans ; *Public Health ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 114
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    C-O bond formation by polyketide synthases (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Polyketide synthases (PKSs) assemble the polyketide carbon backbone by sequential decarboxylative condensation of acyl coenzyme A (CoA) precursors, and the C-C bond-forming step in this process is catalyzed by the beta-ketoacyl synthase (KS) domain or subunit. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the nonactin biosynthesis gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus revealed two KSs, NonJ and NonK, that are highly homologous to known KSs but catalyze sequential condensation of the acyl CoA substrates by forming C-O rather than C-C bonds. This chemistry can be used in PKS engineering to increase the scope and diversity of polyketide biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Hyung-Jin -- Smith, Wyatt C -- Scharon, A Janelle -- Hwang, Sung Hee -- Kurth, Mark J -- Shen, Ben -- AI51689/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08505/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Genes, Bacterial ; Macrolides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Subunits ; Sequence Alignment ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Streptomyces/genetics ; Streptomyces griseus/*enzymology/genetics ; Transformation, Bacterial
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 115
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    Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Light synchronizes mammalian circadian rhythms with environmental time by modulating retinal input to the circadian pacemaker-the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Such photic entrainment requires neither rods nor cones, the only known retinal photoreceptors. Here, we show that retinal ganglion cells innervating the SCN are intrinsically photosensitive. Unlike other ganglion cells, they depolarized in response to light even when all synaptic input from rods and cones was blocked. The sensitivity, spectral tuning, and slow kinetics of this light response matched those of the photic entrainment mechanism, suggesting that these ganglion cells may be the primary photoreceptors for this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berson, David M -- Dunn, Felice A -- Takao, Motoharu -- EY12793/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1070-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912 USA. David_Berson@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; *Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Isoquinolines ; Kinetics ; Light ; *Light Signal Transduction ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/chemistry/cytology/*physiology ; Rod Opsins/analysis/physiology ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Immunology. Antibodies kill by producing ozone (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Catalytic/*physiology ; Arthus Reaction ; Catalysis ; Escherichia coli/*physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Ozone/*metabolism ; Rats ; Singlet Oxygen/metabolism
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    Nutrition research. IOM panel weighs in on diet and health (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1788-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Exercise ; *Health ; Humans ; *Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; *Nutrition Policy ; United States
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    MAPKK-independent activation of p38alpha mediated by TAB1-dependent autophosphorylation of p38alpha (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) on specific tyrosine and threonine sites by MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) is thought to be the sole activation mechanism. Here, we report an unexpected activation mechanism for p38alpha MAPK that does not involve the prototypic kinase cascade. Rather it depends on interaction of p38alpha with TAB1 [transforming growth factor-beta-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein 1] leading to autophosphorylation and activation of p38alpha. We detected formation of a TRAF6-TAB1-p38alpha complex and showed stimulus-specific TAB1-dependent and TAB1-independent p38alpha activation. These findings suggest that alternative activation pathways contribute to the biological responses of p38alpha to various stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ge, Baoxue -- Gram, Hermann -- Di Padova, Franco -- Huang, Betty -- New, Liguo -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- Luo, Ying -- Han, Jiahuai -- AI41637/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL07195/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1291-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6 ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Peptide Mapping ; Peroxynitrous Acid/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Tiny worm takes a star turn (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):526.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Biology/history ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Great Britain ; History, 21st Century ; *Nobel Prize ; United States
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    Profile: Barbara Hatch Rosenberg. Unconventional detective bears down on a killer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1264-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bacillus anthracis ; Biological Warfare ; *Bioterrorism ; *Government Agencies ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Social Control, Formal ; Spores, Bacterial ; United States
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    Mechanisms of adaptation in a predator-prey arms race: TTX-resistant sodium channels (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Populations of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis have evolved geographically variable resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in a coevolutionary arms race with their toxic prey, newts of the genus Taricha. Here, we identify a physiological mechanism, the expression of TTX-resistant sodium channels in skeletal muscle, responsible for adaptive diversification in whole-animal resistance. Both individual and population differences in the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to function in the presence of TTX correlate closely with whole-animal measures of TTX resistance. Demonstration of individual variation in an essential physiological function responsible for the adaptive differences among populations is a step toward linking the selective consequences of coevolutionary interactions to geographic and phylogenetic patterns of diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geffeney, Shana -- Brodie, Edmund D Jr -- Ruben, Peter C -- Brodie, Edmund D 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1336-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/*physiology ; Drug Resistance ; Linear Models ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/*physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/physiology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Salamandridae/metabolism ; Skin/chemistry ; Sodium Channels/*drug effects/physiology ; Tetrodotoxin/*toxicity ; United States
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    Asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain a hypoxic switch (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1alpha and 2alpha are key mammalian transcription factors that exhibit dramatic increases in both protein stability and intrinsic transcriptional potency during low-oxygen stress. This increased stability is due to the absence of proline hydroxylation, which in normoxia promotes binding of HIF to the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL tumor suppressor) ubiquitin ligase. We now show that hypoxic induction of the COOH-terminal transactivation domain (CAD) of HIF occurs through abrogation of hydroxylation of a conserved asparagine in the CAD. Inhibitors of Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases prevented hydroxylation of the Asn, thus allowing the CAD to interact with the p300 transcription coactivator. Replacement of the conserved Asn by Ala resulted in constitutive p300 interaction and strong transcriptional activity. Full induction of HIF-1alpha and -2alpha, therefore, relies on the abrogation of both Pro and Asn hydroxylation, which during normoxia occur at the degradation and COOH-terminal transactivation domains, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lando, David -- Peet, Daniel J -- Whelan, Dean A -- Gorman, Jeffrey J -- Whitelaw, Murray L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):858-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biosciences (Biochemistry), Adelaide University, SA 5005, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Asparagine/*metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Hypoxia/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Proline/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    Molecular biology. In yeast, prions' killer image doesn't apply (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):758-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Prion Diseases/metabolism ; Prions/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Yeasts/*metabolism
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    Bioterrorism. A call for restraint on biological data (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; DNA, Viral/chemical synthesis/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Poliovirus/genetics/physiology ; Publishing/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; United States ; Variola virus/genetics/physiology ; Virus Replication
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    Genomics. New mapping project splits the community (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1391-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping/economics ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Financing, Government ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Genotype ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Structural basis for the transition from initiation to elongation transcription in T7 RNA polymerase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: To make messenger RNA transcripts, bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) undergoes a transition from an initiation phase, which only makes short RNA fragments, to a stable elongation phase. We have determined at 2.1 angstrom resolution the crystal structure of a T7 RNAP elongation complex with 30 base pairs of duplex DNA containing a "transcription bubble" interacting with a 17-nucleotide RNA transcript. The transition from an initiation to an elongation complex is accompanied by a major refolding of the amino-terminal 300 residues. This results in loss of the promoter binding site, facilitating promoter clearance, and creates a tunnel that surrounds the RNA transcript after it peels off a seven-base pair heteroduplex. Formation of the exit tunnel explains the enhanced processivity of the elongation complex. Downstream duplex DNA binds to the fingers domain, and its orientation relative to upstream DNA in the initiation complex implies an unwinding that could facilitate formation of the open promoter complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, Y Whitney -- Steitz, Thomas A -- GM57510/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1387-95. Epub 2002 Sep 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage T7/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/*chemistry/metabolism ; Taq Polymerase/chemistry ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Initiation Site ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins
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    Harvard disappearance. Missing biologist found dead in river (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gewolb, Josh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Biochemistry/history ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; Universities
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    Neurobiology. Learning more about NMDA receptor regulation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghosh, Anirvan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. aghosh@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Ephrin-B2 ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism/physiology ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, EphB4 ; Receptors, Eph Family ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism ; src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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    Cancer research. Leukemia protein spurs gene silencing (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azacitidine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; *Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/blood/*genetics/pathology ; Leukocytes/cytology ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*genetics ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Zinc/pharmacology
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    A soldier's view of the USAMRIID (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanchard, Michelle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; *Communicable Diseases ; *Military Medicine ; United States
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    Est1p as a cell cycle-regulated activator of telomere-bound telomerase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the telomerase components Est2p, TLC1 RNA, Est1p, and Est3p are thought to form a complex that acts late during chromosome replication (S phase) upon recruitment by Cdc13p, a telomeric DNA binding protein. Consistent with this model, we show that Est1p, Est2p, and Cdc13p are telomere-associated at this time. However, Est2p, but not Est1p, also binds telomeres before late S phase. The cdc13-2 allele has been proposed to be defective in recruitment, yet Est1p and Est2p telomere association persists in cdc13-2 cells. These findings suggest a model in which Est1p binds telomeres late in S phase and interacts with Cdc13p to convert inactive, telomere-bound Est2p to an active form.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taggart, Andrew K P -- Teng, Shu-Chun -- Zakian, Virginia A -- GM43265/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA09528-16/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Cell Cycle ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; G1 Phase ; Genes, Fungal ; Models, Biological ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Precipitin Tests ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; S Phase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomerase/genetics/*metabolism ; Telomere/*metabolism ; *Telomere-Binding Proteins
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    Regulation of hypoxic death in C. elegans by the insulin/IGF receptor homolog DAF-2 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: To identify genetic determinants of hypoxic cell death, we screened for hypoxia-resistant (Hyp) mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans and found that specific reduction-of-function (rf) mutants of daf-2, an insulin/insulinlike growth factor (IGF) receptor (INR) homolog gene, were profoundly Hyp. The hypoxia resistance was acutely inducible just before hypoxic exposure and was mediated through an AKT-1/PDK-1/forkhead transcription factor pathway overlapping with but distinct from signaling pathways regulating life-span and stress resistance. Selective neuronal and muscle expression of daf-2(+) restored hypoxic death, and daf-2(rf) prevented hypoxia-induced muscle and neuronal cell death, which demonstrates a potential for INR modulation in prophylaxis against hypoxic injury of neurons and myocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Barbara A -- Avidan, Michael S -- Crowder, C Michael -- R01 NS045905/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2388-91. Epub 2002 Jun 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Alleles ; Animals ; Anoxia/genetics ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Death ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Cell Survival ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Genes, Helminth ; Intestines/cytology/metabolism ; Longevity ; Movement ; Muscles/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; *Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Becoming human. New fossils raise molecular questions (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cercopithecidae ; DNA/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Development. Fishing out a new heart (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Ian C -- Stainier, Didier Y R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2141-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ianjr88@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Extremities/physiology ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Injuries/pathology/physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles/surgery ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; *Protein Kinases ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *Regeneration/genetics/physiology ; Zebrafish/genetics/*physiology ; *Zebrafish Proteins
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    Women's health. More questions about hormone replacement (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Combinations ; Drug Labeling ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; *Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Female ; Great Britain ; Hot Flashes/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Risk Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 136
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    50 million years of genomic stasis in endosymbiotic bacteria (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Comparison of two fully sequenced genomes of Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate endosymbionts of aphids, reveals the most extreme genome stability to date: no chromosome rearrangements or gene acquisitions have occurred in the past 50 to 70 million years, despite substantial sequence evolution and the inactivation and loss of individual genes. In contrast, the genomes of their closest free-living relatives, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., are more than 2000-fold more labile in content and gene order. The genomic stasis of B. aphidicola, likely attributable to the loss of phages, repeated sequences, and recA, indicates that B. aphidicola is no longer a source of ecological innovation for its hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamas, Ivica -- Klasson, Lisa -- Canback, Bjorn -- Naslund, A Kristina -- Eriksson, Ann-Sofie -- Wernegreen, Jennifer J -- Sandstrom, Jonas P -- Moran, Nancy A -- Andersson, Siv G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2376-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aphids/*microbiology/physiology ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Buchnera/*genetics/physiology ; DNA, Intergenic ; Diet ; Ecosystem ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Operon ; Pseudogenes ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics ; Species Specificity ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Scientific evidence. Judge rejects cancer data in Maryland cell phone suit (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parascandola, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Maryland ; Peer Review, Research ; Publishing ; Risk Factors ; *Telephone ; United States
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    Aging. Dietary advice on Q (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tatar, Marc -- Rand, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):54-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. marc_tatar@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Diet ; Electron Transport ; Energy Metabolism ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Larva/growth & development/metabolism ; *Longevity ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mutation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquinone/administration & dosage/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Solar system exploration. France, Italy threaten to rain on parade of missions to Mars (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):1972-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: France ; *International Cooperation ; Italy ; *Mars ; *Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drug-abuse research. White House stirs interest in brain-imaging initiative (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):748-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/*drug effects/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Genetics, Medical/economics/trends ; Government ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/economics/trends ; Neurosciences/*economics/*trends ; Research/economics/trends ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/genetics/*physiopathology ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular biology. An RNA-guided pathway for the epigenome (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jenuwein, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2215-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. jenuwein@nt.imp.univie.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics/metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; *Genome ; Heterochromatin/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Protozoan Proteins ; RNA Replicase/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/metabolism ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Ribonuclease III ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Tetrahymena/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Finding genes that underlie complex traits (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: Phenotypic variation among organisms is central to evolutionary adaptations underlying natural and artificial selection, and also determines individual susceptibility to common diseases. These types of complex traits pose special challenges for genetic analysis because of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, genetic heterogeneity, low penetrance, and limited statistical power. Emerging genome resources and technologies are enabling systematic identification of genes underlying these complex traits. We propose standards for proof of gene discovery in complex traits and evaluate the nature of the genes identified to date. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrate the insights that can be expected from the accelerating pace of gene discovery in this field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glazier, Anne M -- Nadeau, Joseph H -- Aitman, Timothy J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2345-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Ducane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; *Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plants/genetics ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Amacrine-signaled loss of intrinsic axon growth ability by retinal ganglion cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: The central nervous system (CNS) loses the ability to regenerate early during development, but it is not known why. The retina has long served as a simple model system for study of CNS regeneration. Here we show that amacrine cells signal neonatal rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to undergo a profound and apparently irreversible loss of intrinsic axon growth ability. Concurrently, retinal maturation triggers RGCs to greatly increase their dendritic growth ability. These results suggest that adult CNS neurons fail to regenerate not only because of CNS glial inhibition but also because of a loss of intrinsic axon growth ability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, Jeffrey L -- Klassen, Matthew P -- Hua, Ying -- Barres, Ben A -- 2T32GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY11030/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1860-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Sherman Fairchild Science Building D231, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. jlgoldbe@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Amacrine Cells/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Aging ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Techniques ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Nerve Regeneration ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/cytology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology/transplantation/ultrastructure ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Colliculi/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An interview with Elias Zerhouni: piloting high-flying NIH to a soft landing. Interview by Jocelyn Kaiser (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zerhouni, Elias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2197-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Specimen Banks ; Bioterrorism ; Budgets ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Stem Cells ; United States
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    Connections and regulation of the human estrogen receptor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Estrogen regulates a plethora of functionally dissimilar processes in a broad range of tissues. Recent progress in the study of the molecular mechanism of action of estrogen(s) has revealed why different cells can respond to the same hormone in a different manner. Three of these findings are of particular importance: (i) There are two genetically and functionally distinct estrogen receptors that have distinct expression patterns in vivo; (ii) the positive and negative transcriptional activities of these receptors require them to engage transcription cofactors (coactivators or corepressors) in target cells; and (iii) not all cofactors are functionally equivalent, nor are they expressed in the same manner in all cells. Thus, although the estrogen receptor is required for a cell to respond to an estrogenic stimulus, the nature and extent of that response are determined by the proteins, pathways, and processes with which the receptor interacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonnell, Donald P -- Norris, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710, USA. donald.mcdonnell@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens/*metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Estrogen/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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    Transcriptional regulation of cortical neuron migration by POU domain factors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: The identification of pathways mediated by the kinase Cdk5 and the ligand reelin has provided a conceptual framework for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying proper lamination of the developing mammalian cerebral cortex. In this report, we identify a component of the regulation of Cdk5-mediated cortical lamination by genetic analysis of the roles of the class III POU domain transcription factors, Brn-1 and Brn-2, expressed during the development of the forebrain and coexpressed in most layer II-V cortical neurons. Brn-1 and Brn-2 appear to critically control the initiation of radial migration, redundantly regulating the cell-autonomous expression of the p35 and p39 regulatory subunits of Cdk5 in migrating cortical neurons, with Brn-1(-/-)/Brn-2(-/-) mice exhibiting cortical inversion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEvilly, Robert J -- de Diaz, Marcela Ortiz -- Schonemann, Marcus D -- Hooshmand, Farideh -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1528-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-0648, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hippocampus/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/*physiology ; POU Domain Factors ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: Multicellular organisms have three well-characterized subfamilies of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that control a vast array of physiological processes. These enzymes are regulated by a characteristic phosphorelay system in which a series of three protein kinases phosphorylate and activate one another. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) function in the control of cell division, and inhibitors of these enzymes are being explored as anticancer agents. The c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) are critical regulators of transcription, and JNK inhibitors may be effective in control of rheumatoid arthritis. The p38 MAPKs are activated by inflammatory cytokines and environmental stresses and may contribute to diseases like asthma and autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Gary L -- Lapadat, Razvan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1911-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. gary.johnson@uchsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Division ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 10 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Neoplasms/enzymology/pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    A National Ecological Observatory Network (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teeri, James A -- Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1893.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12474846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; *Government Agencies/economics/organization & administration ; Human Activities ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Intellectual property. Arrest of ex-Harvard postdocs raises questions of ownership (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2310-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academic Medical Centers ; *Graft Rejection/genetics ; Humans ; *Intellectual Property ; Massachusetts ; Ownership ; Patents as Topic ; Research ; *Theft ; United States
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    Progression of vertebrate limb development through SHH-mediated counteraction of GLI3 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: Distal limb development and specification of digit identities in tetrapods are under the control of a mesenchymal organizer called the polarizing region. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is the morphogenetic signal produced by the polarizing region in the posterior limb bud. Ectopic anterior SHH signaling induces digit duplications and has been suspected as a major cause underlying congenital malformations that result in digit polydactyly. Here, we report that the polydactyly of Gli3-deficient mice arises independently of SHH signaling. Disruption of one or both Gli3 alleles in mouse embryos lacking Shh progressively restores limb distal development and digit formation. Our genetic analysis indicates that SHH signaling counteracts GLI3-mediated repression of key regulator genes, cell survival, and distal progression of limb bud development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉te Welscher, Pascal -- Zuniga, Aimee -- Kuijper, Sanne -- Drenth, Thijs -- Goedemans, Hans J -- Meijlink, Frits -- Zeller, Rolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):827-30. Epub 2002 Sep 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Death ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Extremities/*embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Homeobox ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Limb Buds/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Polydactyly/genetics ; Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Zebrafish Proteins
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    Patents. NIH to limit scope of foreign patents (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Financing, Government ; Foreign Professional Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Patents as Topic ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Graduate student unions. Labor seeks fertile ground on ivy-covered campuses (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1328-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; Humans ; *Labor Unions ; United States ; *Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 153
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    Neuronal calcium sensor 1 and activity-dependent facilitation of P/Q-type calcium currents at presynaptic nerve terminals (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: P/Q-type presynaptic calcium currents (IpCa) undergo activity-dependent facilitation during repetitive activation at the calyx of the Held synapse. We investigated whether neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) may underlie this phenomenon. Direct loading of NCS-1 into the nerve terminal mimicked activity-dependent IpCa facilitation by accelerating the activation time of IpCa in a Ca2+-dependent manner. A presynaptically loaded carboxyl-terminal peptide of NCS-1 abolished IpCa facilitation. These results suggest that residual Ca2+ activates endogenous NCS-1, thereby facilitating IpCa. Because both P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and NCS-1 are widely expressed in mammalian nerve terminals, NCS-1 may contribute to the activity-dependent synaptic facilitation at many synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsujimoto, Tetsuhiro -- Jeromin, Andreas -- Saitoh, Naoto -- Roder, John C -- Takahashi, Tomoyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2276-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. tujimoto-tky@umin.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain Stem/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/administration & ; dosage/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins ; Neuropeptides/administration & dosage/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar
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    Space biomedicine. An Rx for astronauts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/*organization & administration ; Aerospace Medicine/economics/*organization & administration ; *Astronauts ; Budgets ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Space Flight ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neurobiology. What the synapse tells the neuron (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mel, Bartlett W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1845-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. mel@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/*physiology ; *Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Signal transduction. Decoding NF-kappaB signaling (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ting, Alice Y -- Endy, Drew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL5/genetics ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; Chemokines, CXC/genetics ; Computer Simulation ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Evolutionary biology. Evo-devo enthusiasts get down to details (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):953-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Caenorhabditis/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Cell Lineage ; *Developmental Biology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; *Genes ; Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Male ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Species Specificity ; Stomatognathic System/anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tangled roots? Genetics meets genealogy (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1634-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Commerce ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Entrepreneurship ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation ; *Pedigree ; Y Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    2003 budget: Bioterrorism drives record NIH request (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; *Budgets ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; *Neoplasms ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 160
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    Establishment and maintenance of a heterochromatin domain (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: The higher-order assembly of chromatin imposes structural organization on the genetic information of eukaryotes and is thought to be largely determined by posttranslational modification of histone tails. Here, we study a 20-kilobase silent domain at the mating-type region of fission yeast as a model for heterochromatin formation. We find that, although histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 (H3 Lys9) directly recruits heterochromatin protein Swi6/HP1, the critical determinant for H3 Lys9 methylation to spread in cis and to be inherited through mitosis and meiosis is Swi6 itself. We demonstrate that a centromere-homologous repeat (cenH) present at the silent mating-type region is sufficient for heterochromatin formation at an ectopic site, and that its repressive capacity is mediated by components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. Moreover, cenH and the RNAi machinery cooperate to nucleate heterochromatin assembly at the endogenous mat locus but are dispensable for its subsequent inheritance. This work defines sequential requirements for the initiation and propagation of regional heterochromatic domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Ira M -- Shankaranarayana, Gurumurthy D -- Noma, Ken-Ichi -- Ayoub, Nabieh -- Cohen, Amikam -- Grewal, Shiv I S -- GM59772/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2232-7. Epub 2002 Sep 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Post Office Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Centromere ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Fungal/*genetics ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Gene Silencing ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Methylation ; *Methyltransferases ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; RNA Replicase/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Ribonuclease III ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Scientific community. U.S. science academy elects new members (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1001-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; United States
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  • 162
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    Place cells and place recognition maintained by direct entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Place cells in hippocampal area CA1 may receive positional information from the intrahippocampal associative network in area CA3 or directly from the entorhinal cortex. To determine whether direct entorhinal connections support spatial firing and spatial memory, we removed all input from areas CA3 to CA1, thus isolating the CA1 area. Pyramidal cells in the isolated CA1 area developed sharp and stable place fields. Rats with an isolated CA1 area showed normal acquisition of an associative hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition task. Spatial recall was impaired. These results suggest that the hippocampus contains two functionally separable memory circuits: The direct entorhinal-CA1 system is sufficient for recollection-based recognition memory, but recall depends on intact CA3-CA1 connectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brun, Vegard H -- Otnass, Mona K -- Molden, Sturla -- Steffenach, Hill-Aina -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Unit, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Denervation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/*physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    No major schizophrenia locus detected on chromosome 1q in a large multicenter sample (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Reports of substantial evidence for genetic linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 1q were evaluated by genotyping 16 DNA markers across 107 centimorgans of this chromosome in a multicenter sample of 779 informative schizophrenia pedigrees. No significant evidence was observed for such linkage, nor for heterogeneity in allele sharing among the eight individual samples. Separate analyses of European-origin families, recessive models of inheritance, and families with larger numbers of affected cases also failed to produce significant evidence for linkage. If schizophrenia susceptibility genes are present on chromosome 1q, their population-wide genetic effects are likely to be small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levinson, Douglas F -- Holmans, Peter A -- Laurent, Claudine -- Riley, Brien -- Pulver, Ann E -- Gejman, Pablo V -- Schwab, Sibylle G -- Williams, Nigel M -- Owen, Michael J -- Wildenauer, Dieter B -- Sanders, Alan R -- Nestadt, Gerald -- Mowry, Bryan J -- Wormley, Brandon -- Bauche, Stephanie -- Soubigou, Stephane -- Ribble, Robert -- Nertney, Deborah A -- Liang, Kung Yee -- Martinolich, Laura -- Maier, Wolfgang -- Norton, Nadine -- Williams, Hywel -- Albus, Margot -- Carpenter, Eric B -- DeMarchi, Nicola -- Ewen-White, Kelly R -- Walsh, Dermot -- Jay, Maurice -- Deleuze, Jean-Francois -- O'Neill, F Anthony -- Papadimitriou, George -- Weilbaecher, Ann -- Lerer, Bernard -- O'Donovan, Michael C -- Dikeos, Dimitris -- Silverman, Jeremy M -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- Mallet, Jacques -- Crowe, Raymond R -- Walters, Marilyn -- G9309834/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9810900/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K24-MH64197/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- KO2-01207/PHS HHS/ -- MH 41953/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 45390/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 52537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH61602/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH57314/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46289/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):739-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dfl@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Australia ; Canada ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree ; Schizophrenia/ethnology/*genetics ; United States
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    Public health preparedness (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburg, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1425.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism ; Communicable Disease Control ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/therapy ; Disease Notification ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; *Public Health/manpower ; Public Health Administration ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Transcription. Oxygen sensing gets a second wind (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruick, Richard K -- McKnight, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):807-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard L3.124, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA. bruick@biochem.swmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asparagine/*metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Response Elements ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Mammalian genetic approaches to study gene function have been hampered by the lack of tools to generate stable loss-of-function phenotypes efficiently. We report here a new vector system, named pSUPER, which directs the synthesis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mammalian cells. We show that siRNA expression mediated by this vector causes efficient and specific down-regulation of gene expression, resulting in functional inactivation of the targeted genes. Stable expression of siRNAs using this vector mediates persistent suppression of gene expression, allowing the analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes that develop over longer periods of time. Therefore, the pSUPER vector constitutes a new and powerful system to analyze gene function in a variety of mammalian cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- Bernards, Rene -- Agami, Reuven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):550-3. Epub 2002 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Tumor Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Down-Regulation ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, p53 ; *Genetic Techniques ; *Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Ligases/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phenotype ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
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    Envelope-based HIV vaccines (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donnelly, John J -- Barnett, Susan W -- Dorenbaum, Alejandro -- Stamatatos, Leonidas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1277-8; author reply 1277-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neutralization Tests ; United States ; Vaccines, DNA/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology
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    Multiple roles of Arabidopsis VRN1 in vernalization and flowering time control (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Arabidopsis VRN genes mediate vernalization, the process by which a long period of cold induces a mitotically stable state that leads to accelerated flowering during later development. VRN1 encodes a protein that binds DNA in vitro in a non-sequence-specific manner and functions in stable repression of the major target of the vernalization pathway, the floral repressor FLC. Overexpression of VRN1 reveals a vernalization-independent function for VRN1, mediated predominantly through the floral pathway integrator FT, and demonstrates that VRN1 requires vernalization-specific factors to target FLC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, Yaron Y -- Mesnage, Stephane -- Mylne, Joshua S -- Gendall, Anthony R -- Dean, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Photoperiod ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Structures/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Repressor Proteins ; Temperature
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    Alternative splicing and neuritic mRNA translocation under long-term neuronal hypersensitivity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: To explore neuronal mechanisms underlying long-term consequences of stress, we studied stress-induced changes in the neuritic translocation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) splice variants. Under normal conditions, we found the synaptic AChE-S mRNA and protein in neurites. Corticosterone, anticholinesterases, and forced swim, each facilitated a rapid (minutes), yet long-lasting (weeks), shift from AChE-S to the normally rare AChE-R mRNA, promoted AChE-R mRNA translocation into neurites, and induced enzyme secretion. Weeks after stress, electrophysiological measurements in hippocampus slices displayed apparently normal evoked synaptic responses but extreme hypersensitivity to both anticholinesterases and atropine. Our findings suggest that neuronal hypersensitivity under stress involves neuritic replacement of AChE-S with AChE-R.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meshorer, Eran -- Erb, Christina -- Gazit, Roi -- Pavlovsky, Lev -- Kaufer, Daniela -- Friedman, Alon -- Glick, David -- Ben-Arie, Nissim -- Soreq, Hermona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):508-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences and The Eric Roland Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 91904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Action Potentials ; *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Corticosterone/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism/physiology ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurites/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/genetics/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Claire Fraser profile. TIGR's chief: results without the roar (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/economics/history/*organization & administration ; Biotechnology ; Budgets ; Computational Biology ; *Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Maryland ; Molecular Biology/history ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
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    Microbiology. A binding contract for anthrax (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bull, James J -- Parrish, Colin R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Integrative Biology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. bull@bull.biosci.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax/prevention & control/therapy ; Anthrax Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/blood ; *Antigens, Bacterial ; Antitoxins/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Bacillus anthracis/*immunology ; Bacterial Toxins/*immunology/metabolism/toxicity ; Bioterrorism ; Drug Industry ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Rats ; Receptors, Peptide/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins
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    Humped pattern of diversity: fact or artifact? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arim, Matias -- Barbosa, Olga -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1763; discussion 1763.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. marim@genes.bio.puc.cl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artifacts ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    A MADS-box gene necessary for fruit ripening at the tomato ripening-inhibitor (rin) locus (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Tomato plants harboring the ripening-inhibitor (rin) mutation yield fruits that fail to ripen. Additionally, rin plants display enlarged sepals and loss of inflorescence determinacy. Positional cloning of the rin locus revealed two tandem MADS-box genes (LeMADS-RIN and LeMADS-MC), whose expression patterns suggested roles in fruit ripening and sepal development, respectively. The rin mutation alters expression of both genes. Gene repression and mutant complementation demonstrate that LeMADS-RIN regulates ripening, whereas LeMADS-MC affects sepal development and inflorescence determinacy. LeMADS-RIN demonstrates an agriculturally important function of plant MADS-box genes and provides molecular insight into nonhormonal (developmental) regulation of ripening.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vrebalov, Julia -- Ruezinsky, Diane -- Padmanabhan, Veeraragavan -- White, Ruth -- Medrano, Diana -- Drake, Rachel -- Schuch, Wolfgang -- Giovannoni, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):343-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant, Soil and Nutrition Lab and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Antisense ; DNA, Complementary ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Fruit/physiology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Lycopersicon esculentum/*genetics/*physiology ; MADS Domain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Plant Structures/genetics/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified
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    Epidemiology. Despite safety concerns, U.K. hormone study to proceed (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology ; Confidence Intervals ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology/etiology ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy/*adverse effects ; Female ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Menopause ; Risk Assessment ; Stroke/epidemiology/etiology ; United States
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    Bowties and brainiacs at the AAAS meeting (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helvarg, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):46.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11963926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Science ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Presidential address. Science, sustainability, and the human prospect (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA. praven@nas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Global Health ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Science ; Technology ; Technology Transfer ; United States
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    Evidence of HIV-1 adaptation to HLA-restricted immune responses at a population level (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: Antigen-specific T cell immunity is HLA-restricted. Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) mutations that allow escape from host immune responses may therefore be HLA allele-specific. We analyzed HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences from a large HLA-diverse population of HIV-1-infected individuals. Polymorphisms in HIV-1 were most evident at sites of least functional or structural constraint and frequently were associated with particular host HLA class I alleles. Absence of polymorphism was also HLA allele-specific. At a population level, the degree of HLA-associated selection in viral sequence was predictive of viral load. These results support a fundamental role for HLA-restricted immune responses in driving and shaping HIV-1 evolution in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Corey B -- John, Mina -- James, Ian R -- Christiansen, Frank T -- Witt, Campbell S -- Mallal, Simon A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1439-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Level 2 North Block, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, WA 6000, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Cohort Studies ; Consensus Sequence ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Genes, MHC Class I ; HIV Infections/*immunology/virology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; HIV-1/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; HLA Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; HLA-A Antigens/genetics/immunology ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Selection, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Viral Load ; Western Australia
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    An overview of insecticide resistance (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to current malaria control efforts. The Anopheles gambiae genome will enable identification of new resistance genes and will provide new molecular targets for the design of more effective insecticides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hemingway, Janet -- Field, Linda -- Vontas, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):96-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/metabolism/parasitology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Insect ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/metabolism ; Insect Vectors/genetics/metabolism/parasitology ; *Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides/metabolism ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Parasites/physiology ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Developmental biology. Nerves tell arteries to make like a tree (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2121-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries/*embryology ; Axons/physiology ; Body Patterning ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology/*physiology ; Humans ; Lymphokines/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mobius Syndrome/pathology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Peripheral Nervous System/*embryology/metabolism ; Skin/blood supply/embryology/innervation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 180
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    Role of Escherichia coli curli operons in directing amyloid fiber formation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: Amyloid is associated with debilitating human ailments including Alzheimer's and prion diseases. Biochemical, biophysical, and imaging analyses revealed that fibers produced by Escherichia coli called curli were amyloid. The CsgA curlin subunit, purified in the absence of the CsgB nucleator, adopted a soluble, unstructured form that upon prolonged incubation assembled into fibers that were indistinguishable from curli. In vivo, curli biogenesis was dependent on the nucleation-precipitation machinery requiring the CsgE and CsgF chaperone-like and nucleator proteins, respectively. Unlike eukaryotic amyloid formation, curli biogenesis is a productive pathway requiring a specific assembly machinery.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2838482/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2838482/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Matthew R -- Robinson, Lloyd S -- Pinkner, Jerome S -- Roth, Robyn -- Heuser, John -- Hammar, Marten -- Normark, Staffan -- Hultgren, Scott J -- 1 F32 AI10502-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI29549/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48689/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK51406/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI010502/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI010502-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NIA P50 AG05681-17/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):851-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Box 8230, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Amyloid/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Biopolymers ; Circular Dichroism ; Congo Red/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; *Operon ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Subunits
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    Human subjects in weapons research (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caplan, Arthur L -- Sankar, Pamela -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):923.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Warfare ; *Chemical Warfare ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Ethics, Research ; Guidelines as Topic ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation/*ethics ; *Research Subjects ; Security Measures ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 182
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    Immunoglobulin-domain proteins required for maintenance of ventral nerve cord organization (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: During development, neurons extend axons along defined routes to specific target cells. We show that additional mechanisms ensure that axons maintain their correct positioning in defined axonal tracts. After termination of axonal outgrowth and target recognition, axons in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) of Caenorhabditis elegans require the presence of a specific VNC neuron, PVT, to maintain their correct positioning in the left and right fascicles of the VNC. PVT may exert its stabilizing function by the temporally tightly controlled secretion of 2-immunoglobulin (Ig)-domain proteins encoded by the zig genes. Dedicated axon maintenance mechanisms may be widely used to ensure the preservation of functional neuronal circuitries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aurelio, Oscar -- Hall, David H -- Hobert, Oliver -- 5F32NS11107-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR12596/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):686-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; *Body Patterning ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Cues ; Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Reporter ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Larva/genetics/metabolism ; Movement ; Mutation ; Nervous System/cytology/growth & development ; Neural Pathways/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    National security. Research chiefs hunt for details in proposal for new department (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1944-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; Budgets ; *Government Agencies/economics/organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Personnel ; *Security Measures ; *Terrorism ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/economics ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services/economics
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    Retrograde support of neuronal survival without retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Application of nerve growth factor (NGF) covalently cross-linked to beads increased the phosphorylation of TrkA and Akt, but not of mitogen-activated protein kinase, in cultured rat sympathetic neurons. NGF beads or iodine-125-labeled NGF beads supplied to distal axons resulted in the survival of over 80% of the neurons for 30 hours, with little or no retrograde transport of iodine-125-labeled NGF; whereas application of free iodine-125-labeled NGF (0.5 nanograms per milliliter) produced 20-fold more retrograde transport, but only 29% of the neurons survived. Thus, in contrast to widely accepted theory, a neuronal survival signal can reach the cell bodies unaccompanied by the NGF that initiated it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacInnis, Bronwyn L -- Campenot, Robert B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1536-9. Epub 2002 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, 6-14 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Microspheres ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Transport ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion
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    Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an abundant mammalian phagocyte hemoprotein thought to primarily mediate host defense reactions. Although its microbicidal functions are well established in vitro, humans deficient in MPO are not at unusual risk of infection. MPO was observed herein to modulate the vascular signaling and vasodilatory functions of nitric oxide (NO) during acute inflammation. After leukocyte degranulation, MPO localized in and around vascular endothelial cells in a rodent model of acute endotoxemia and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxant responses, to which MPO-deficient mice were resistant. Altered vascular responsiveness was due to catalytic consumption of NO by substrate radicals generated by MPO. Thus MPO can directly modulate vascular inflammatory responses by regulating NO bioavailability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eiserich, Jason P -- Baldus, Stephan -- Brennan, Marie-Luise -- Ma, Wenxin -- Zhang, Chunxiang -- Tousson, Albert -- Castro, Laura -- Lusis, Aldons J -- Nauseef, William M -- White, C Roger -- Freeman, Bruce A -- I01 BX000513/BX/BLRD VA/ -- R01 HL067930/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R03 TW005682/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jpeiserich@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Catalysis ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromans/metabolism/pharmacology ; Coculture Techniques ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology/*physiology ; Endotoxemia/enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Inflammation/*enzymology/physiopathology ; Leukocytes/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidase/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Vasodilation
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    Science and security. Academy asks to ease visas for scholars (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; *Security Measures ; Students ; *Travel ; United States
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    Amphibian declines. Conflict brewing over herbicide's link to frog deformities (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):938-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aromatase/metabolism ; Atrazine/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Disorders of Sex Development/*chemically induced ; Herbicides/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Male ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Oocytes ; Population Density ; Rana pipiens/*abnormalities/growth & development/metabolism ; Testis/*abnormalities ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Xenopus laevis/*abnormalities/growth & development/metabolism
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    Closing of the National Tritium Labeling Facility (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moses, William W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Humans ; *Isotope Labeling ; *Laboratories ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Radioactive Waste ; Safety ; *Tritium ; United States
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  • 189
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    Hijacking of host cell IKK signalosomes by the transforming parasite Theileria (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: Parasites have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to ensure their propagation and evade antagonistic host responses. The intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria is the only eukaryote known to induce uncontrolled host cell proliferation. Survival of Theileria-transformed leukocytes depends strictly on constitutive nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity. We found that this was mediated by recruitment of the multisubunit IkappaB kinase (IKK) into large, activated foci on the parasite surface. IKK signalosome assembly was specific for the transforming schizont stage of the parasite and was down-regulated upon differentiation into the nontransforming merozoite stage. Our findings provide insights into IKK activation and how pathogens subvert host-cell signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heussler, Volker T -- Rottenberg, Sven -- Schwab, Rebekka -- Kuenzi, Peter -- Fernandez, Paula C -- McKellar, Susan -- Shiels, Brian -- Chen, Zhijian J -- Orth, Kim -- Wallach, David -- Dobbelaere, Dirk A E -- GM63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1033-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cattle ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Leukocytes/enzymology/*parasitology/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Naphthoquinones/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Theileria/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity
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    Biodefense. New anthrax vaccine gets a green light (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):639-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax/*prevention & control ; *Anthrax Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; *Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Toxins/*immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Military Medicine ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 191
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    Cell biology. Cell migration research is on the move (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chicurel, Marina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):606-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/physiology ; Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; *Cell Movement ; Computer Simulation ; Cytological Techniques ; Genes ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; Proteins/physiology ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; Software ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 192
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    Medicine. Clinical trials and industry (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baird, Patricia -- Downie, Jocelyn -- Thompson, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2211.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3 Canada. pbaird@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; Clinical Trials as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; *Confidentiality ; Conflict of Interest ; *Disclosure ; *Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ethics, Clinical ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; *Patient Rights ; Periodicals as Topic ; Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; Risk ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 193
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    U.S. science policy. GOP takes Senate, budget uncertain (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies/economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
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  • 194
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    Seismology. Suit ties whale deaths to research cruise (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):722-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Maps as Topic ; Mexico ; Noise/*adverse effects ; *Oceanography ; Pacific Ocean ; Sound/adverse effects ; United States ; *Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 195
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    Fisheries science. Miscue raises doubts about survey data (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Population Density ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 196
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    A LAT mutation that inhibits T cell development yet induces lymphoproliferation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: Mice homozygous for a single tyrosine mutation in LAT (linker for activation of T cells) exhibited an early block in T cell maturation but later developed a polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder and signs of autoimmune disease. T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-induced activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) and of nuclear factor of activated T cells, calcium influx, interleukin-2 production, and cell death were reduced or abrogated in T cells from LAT mutant mice. In contrast, TCR-induced Erk activation was intact. These results identify a critical role for integrated PLC-gamma1 and Ras-Erk signaling through LAT in T cell development and homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sommers, Connie L -- Park, Cheung-Seog -- Lee, Jan -- Feng, Chiguang -- Fuller, Claudette L -- Grinberg, Alexander -- Hildebrand, Jay A -- Lacana, Emanuela -- Menon, Rashmi K -- Shores, Elizabeth W -- Samelson, Lawrence E -- Love, Paul E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2040-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Antigens, CD5/analysis ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Cell Division ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*etiology/immunology/pathology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phospholipase C gamma ; Phosphoproteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; *Point Mutation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology/pathology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 197
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    Biological agents. New U.S. rules set the stage for tighter security, oversight (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control ; Genetic Engineering ; Guidelines as Topic ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Security Measures ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 198
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    Germline stem cells anchored by adherens junctions in the Drosophila ovary niches (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: How stem cells are recruited to and maintained in their niches is crucial to understanding their regulation and use in regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate that DE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is required for anchoring germline stem cells (GSCs) in their niches in the Drosophila ovary. Two major components of this adhesion process, DE-cadherin and Armadillo/beta-catenin, accumulate at high levels in the junctions between GSCs and cap cells, one of the niche components. Removal of these proteins from GSCs results in stem cell loss. Furthermore, DE-cadherin is required for recruiting GSCs to their niche. Our study demonstrates that anchorage of GSCs in their niche by DE-cadherin-mediated adhesion is important for stem cell maintenance and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Xiaoqing -- Zhu, Chun-Hong -- Doan, Chuong -- Xie, Ting -- 1R01 GM64428-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 17608/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/*physiology ; Alleles ; Animals ; Armadillo Domain Proteins ; Cadherins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Ovary/cytology/growth & development/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors ; Wnt1 Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 199
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    Molecular biology. New proteases in a ubiquitin stew (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochstrasser, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. mark.hochstrasser@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; Yeasts/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 200
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    Loss of sex discrimination and male-male aggression in mice deficient for TRP2 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: The mouse vomeronasal organ (VNO) is thought to mediate social behaviors and neuroendocrine changes elicited by pheromonal cues. The molecular mechanisms underlying the sensory response to pheromones and the behavioral repertoire induced through the VNO are not fully characterized. Using the tools of mouse genetics and multielectrode recording, we demonstrate that the sensory activation of VNO neurons requires TRP2, a putative ion channel of the transient receptor potential family that is expressed exclusively in these neurons. Moreover, we show that male mice deficient in TRP2 expression fail to display male-male aggression, and they initiate sexual and courtship behaviors toward both males and females. Our study suggests that, in the mouse, sensory activation of the VNO is essential for sex discrimination of conspecifics and thus ensures gender-specific behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stowers, Lisa -- Holy, Timothy E -- Meister, Markus -- Dulac, Catherine -- Koentges, Georgy -- DC03903/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1493-500. Epub 2002 Jan 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; Chemoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Electroporation ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Mucosa/physiology ; Pheromones/*physiology/urine ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Signal Transduction ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Video Recording ; Vomeronasal Organ/*innervation/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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