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  • *Ecosystem  (132)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (132)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • PANGAEA
  • 2000-2004  (132)
  • 2002  (132)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (132)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Oxford University Press
  • PANGAEA
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  • 2000-2004  (132)
Year
  • 1
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    Climate change and latitudinal patterns of intertidal thermal stress (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: The interaction of climate and the timing of low tides along the West Coast of the United States creates a complex mosaic of thermal environments, in which northern sites can be more thermally stressful than southern sites. Thus, climate change may not lead to a poleward shift in the distribution of intertidal organisms, as has been proposed, but instead will likely cause localized extinctions at a series of "hot spots." Patterns of exposure to extreme climatic conditions are temporally variable, and tidal predictions suggest that in the next 3 to 5 years "hot spots" are likely to appear at several northern sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Brian -- Harley, Christopher D G -- Halpin, Patricia M -- O'Donnell, Michael -- Hofmann, Gretchen E -- Blanchette, Carol A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1015-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Sciences Program, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. helmuth@biol.sc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia/*physiology ; *Body Temperature ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Pacific Ocean ; Pacific States ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hybridization and the evolution of reef coral diversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: Hundreds of coral species coexist sympatrically on reefs, reproducing in mass-spawning events where hybridization appears common. In the Caribbean, DNA sequence data from all three sympatric Acropora corals show that mass spawning does not erode species barriers. Species A. cervicornis and A. palmata are distinct at two nuclear loci or share ancestral alleles. Morphotypes historically given the name Acropora prolifera are entirely F(1) hybrids of these two species, showing morphologies that depend on which species provides the egg for hybridization. Although selection limits the evolutionary potential of hybrids, F(1) individuals can reproduce asexually and form long-lived, potentially immortal hybrids with unique morphologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollmer, Steven V -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. svollmer@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Calmodulin/genetics ; Caribbean Region ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; Collagen/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Introns ; Likelihood Functions ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Taxonomists' requiem? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samyn, Yves -- Massin, Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):276-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Classification ; *Ecosystem ; Invertebrates/classification ; Plants/classification ; *Publishing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Soil fertility and hunger in Africa (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Pedro A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Center for Research in Agroforestry, Post Office Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya. P.sanchez@cgiar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Agriculture/*methods ; Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; *Food Supply ; Forestry ; Humans ; Hunger ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phosphates ; Plant Development ; Public Policy ; *Soil ; Trees/growth & development ; United Nations ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Caspian Sea. Scientists deplore OK for sturgeon catch (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2191.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce/economics ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Food Supply/economics/standards ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Invasive species. California tries to rub out the monster of the lagoon (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Australia ; Biomass ; California ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; Herbicides/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Mediterranean Region ; Seawater/*parasitology ; Seaweed/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Ecology. Out of the vault, into the forest (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2196.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arizona ; *Ecosystem ; Maps as Topic ; *Pinus ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Analysis of tetrapod footprints and skeletal material from more than 70 localities in eastern North America shows that large theropod dinosaurs appeared less than 10,000 years after the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and less than 30,000 years after the last Triassic taxa, synchronous with a terrestrial mass extinction. This extraordinary turnover is associated with an iridium anomaly (up to 285 parts per trillion, with an average maximum of 141 parts per trillion) and a fern spore spike, suggesting that a bolide impact was the cause. Eastern North American dinosaurian diversity reached a stable maximum less than 100,000 years after the boundary, marking the establishment of dinosaur-dominated communities that prevailed for the next 135 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, P E -- Kent, D V -- Sues, H-D -- Koeberl, C -- Huber, H -- Montanari, A -- Rainforth, E C -- Fowell, S J -- Szajna, M J -- Hartline, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs ; *Ecosystem ; Ferns ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iridium/*analysis ; Meteoroids ; Minor Planets ; North America ; Spores ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ecology. Sizing up the shape of life (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zens, M Scot -- Webb, Campbell O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1475-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. scot.zens@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; Plant Roots/anatomy & histology ; Plant Stems/anatomy & histology ; Plant Structures/*anatomy & histology ; Plants/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    The ins and outs of organic farming (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goklany, Indur M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1889-90; author reply 1889-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12474826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Edible Grain/growth & development ; *Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: Geographic patterns in species richness are mainly based on wide-ranging species because their larger number of distribution records has a disproportionate contribution to the species richness counts. Here we demonstrate how this effect strongly influences our understanding of what determines species richness. Using both conventional and spatial regression models, we show that for sub-Saharan African birds, the apparent role of productivity diminishes with decreasing range size, whereas the significance of topographic heterogeneity increases. The relative importance of geometric constraints from the continental edge is moderate. Our findings highlight the failure of traditional species richness models to account for narrow-ranging species that frequently are also threatened.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetz, Walter -- Rahbek, Carsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1548-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. walter.jetz@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Animals ; *Birds/physiology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Homing Behavior ; Models, Biological ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    A tropical rainforest in Colorado 1.4 million years after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: An extremely diverse lower Paleocene (64.1 million years ago) fossil leaf site from Castle Rock, Colorado, contains fossil litter that is similar to the litter of extant equatorial rainforests. The presence of a high-diversity tropical rainforest is unexpected, because other Paleocene floras are species-poor, a feature generally attributed to the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinction. The site occurs on the margin of the Denver Basin in synorogenic sedimentary rocks associated with the rise of the Laramide Front Range. Orographic conditions caused by local topography, combined with equable climate, appear to have allowed for the establishment of rainforests within 1.4 million years of the K-T boundary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Kirk R -- Ellis, Beth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2379-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA. kjohnson@dmns.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Colorado ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; *Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; *Plants/anatomy & histology/classification ; Rain ; *Trees/classification ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Global genetic resources. Science and the Convention on Biological Diversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ten Kate, Kerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2371-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE UK. K.tenKate@rbgkew.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetics ; Government ; Guidelines as Topic ; *International Cooperation ; Policy Making ; Public Policy ; Research ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Sustainable development. Cash-strapped fund struggles to make science a priority (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bostanci, Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1596-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Financial Support ; International Cooperation ; Organizations/*economics ; Policy Making ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Antarctic Sea ice--a habitat for extremophiles (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: The pack ice of Earth's polar oceans appears to be frozen white desert, devoid of life. However, beneath the snow lies a unique habitat for a group of bacteria and microscopic plants and animals that are encased in an ice matrix at low temperatures and light levels, with the only liquid being pockets of concentrated brines. Survival in these conditions requires a complex suite of physiological and metabolic adaptations, but sea-ice organisms thrive in the ice, and their prolific growth ensures they play a fundamental role in polar ecosystems. Apart from their ecological importance, the bacterial and algae species found in sea ice have become the focus for novel biotechnology, as well as being considered proxies for possible life forms on ice-covered extraterrestrial bodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, D N -- Dieckmann, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):641-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales-Bangor, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK, LL59 5EY. d.thomas@bangor.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biotechnology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Exobiology ; Freezing ; *Ice ; Light ; *Seawater/microbiology ; Sodium Chloride ; Temperature ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Sri Lanka: an amphibian hot spot (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meegaskumbura, M -- Bossuyt, F -- Pethiyagoda, R -- Manamendra-Arachchi, K -- Bahir, M -- Milinkovitch, M C -- Schneider, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):379.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oviposition ; Ovum/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Sri Lanka ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Communicating climate change (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tickell, Crispin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/economics/prevention & control ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Industry/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; Public Policy ; *Public Relations ; South Africa ; United States ; Vehicle Emissions/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Organic farming and energy efficiency (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoebl, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1890-1; author reply 1890-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12474829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Soil ; Triticum/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Conservation science. Caribou study fuels debate on drilling in Arctic Refuge (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):444-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Behavior, Animal ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Petroleum ; Public Policy ; *Reindeer/physiology ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanography. Diagnosis and Rx for U.S. coral reefs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):39.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; *Marine Biology ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: A recently completed research program (TREES) employing the global imaging capabilities of Earth-observing satellites provides updated information on the status of the world's humid tropical forest cover. Between 1990 and 1997, 5.8 +/- 1.4 million hectares of humid tropical forest were lost each year, with a further 2.3 +/- 0.7 million hectares of forest visibly degraded. These figures indicate that the global net rate of change in forest cover for the humid tropics is 23% lower than the generally accepted rate. This result affects the calculation of carbon fluxes in the global budget and means that the terrestrial sink is smaller than previously inferred.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Achard, Frederic -- Eva, Hugh D -- Stibig, Hans-Jurgen -- Mayaux, Philippe -- Gallego, Javier -- Richards, Timothy -- Malingreau, Jean-Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):999-1002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit, Joint Research Centre, TP 440, 21020 Ispra, Italy. frederic.achard@jrc.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Asia, Southeastern ; Biomass ; Carbon ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humidity ; India ; Latin America ; Maps as Topic ; *Spacecraft ; *Trees/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Mussels on the move (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, Katie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1821-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia/genetics/*physiology ; Bone and Bones ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater ; Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Looking at the future of radioecology (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mossman, Kenneth L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1333-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Radiation Dosage ; *Radiation Effects ; *Radiation Protection ; Radioactive Pollutants/adverse effects ; Radioactive Waste/adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Looking beneath the surface (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morgan, Jack A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1903-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA. morgan@lamar.colostate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; California ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Photosynthesis ; Poaceae/*growth & development/metabolism ; Soil ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farming systems. Here we report results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe. We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% and pesticide input by 97%. Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mader, Paul -- Fliessbach, Andreas -- Dubois, David -- Gunst, Lucie -- Fried, Padruot -- Niggli, Urs -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1694-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, CH-5070 Frick, Switzerland. paul.maeder@fibl.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Animals ; Arthropods ; Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Manure ; Pesticides ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development ; *Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Solanum tuberosum/growth & development ; Switzerland ; Triticum/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Species biology and conservation funding (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wapole, M J -- Smith, R J -- Leader-Williams, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1716-7; author reply 1716-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12463175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fertility ; *Financial Support ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals/physiology ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Merging genomes with geochemistry in hydrothermal ecosystems (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Thermophilic microbial inhabitants of active seafloor and continental hot springs populate the deepest branches of the universal phylogenetic tree, making hydrothermal ecosystems the most ancient continuously inhabited ecosystems on Earth. Geochemical consequences of hot water-rock interactions render these environments habitable and supply a diverse array of energy sources. Clues to the strategies for how life thrives in these dynamic ecosystems are beginning to be elucidated through a confluence of biogeochemistry, microbiology, ecology, molecular biology, and genomics. These efforts have the potential to reveal how ecosystems originate, the extent of the subsurface biosphere, and the driving forces of evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reysenbach, Anna-Louise -- Shock, Everett -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1077-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. reysenbacha@pdx.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Archaea/classification/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environmental Microbiology ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Variation ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hot Temperature ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Darwin and the first ecological experiment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hector, Andy -- Hooper, Rowan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):639-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. a.hector01@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Botany/history ; *Ecosystem ; England ; History, 19th Century ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Research Design ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: a bioinorganic bridge? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: Recent data imply that for much of the Proterozoic Eon (2500 to 543 million years ago), Earth's oceans were moderately oxic at the surface and sulfidic at depth. Under these conditions, biologically important trace metals would have been scarce in most marine environments, potentially restricting the nitrogen cycle, affecting primary productivity, and limiting the ecological distribution of eukaryotic algae. Oceanic redox conditions and their bioinorganic consequences may thus help to explain observed patterns of Proterozoic evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, A D -- Knoll, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1137-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. anbar@earth.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/growth & development/metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota/growth & development/metabolism ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iron/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Seawater ; Sulfides/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Trace Elements/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. From Elton to mathematics and back again (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raffaelli, Dave -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. dr13@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Parasites ; Seawater ; Soil
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    Climate change. Dangerous climate impacts and the Kyoto Protocol (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Neill, Brian C -- Oppenheimer, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1971-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Watson Institute for International Studies and the Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA. bconeill@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; *Cnidaria ; Developed Countries ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Ice ; *International Cooperation ; Oceans and Seas ; Policy Making ; Probability ; Time Factors ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Herpetology. 100 frogs a-leaping for biodiversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; Oviposition ; Sri Lanka ; Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 33
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    Soil warming and carbon-cycle feedbacks to the climate system (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: In a decade-long soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest, we documented changes in soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in order to investigate the consequences of these changes for the climate system. Here we show that whereas soil warming accelerates soil organic matter decay and carbon dioxide fluxes to the atmosphere, this response is small and short-lived for a mid-latitude forest, because of the limited size of the labile soil carbon pool. We also show that warming increases the availability of mineral nitrogen to plants. Because plant growth in many mid-latitude forests is nitrogen-limited, warming has the potential to indirectly stimulate enough carbon storage in plants to at least compensate for the carbon losses from soils. Our results challenge assumptions made in some climate models that lead to projections of large long-term releases of soil carbon in response to warming of forest ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melillo, J M -- Steudler, P A -- Aber, J D -- Newkirk, K -- Lux, H -- Bowles, F P -- Catricala, C -- Magill, A -- Ahrens, T -- Morrisseau, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2173-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. jmelillo@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodegradation, Environmental ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Massachusetts ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plants/*metabolism ; *Soil ; Temperature ; *Trees/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human appropriation of net primary production (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haberl, Helmut -- Krausmann, Fridolin -- Erb, Karl-Heinz -- Schulz, Niels B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1968-9; author reply 1968-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Humans ; *Plant Development ; Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are submarine springs where nutrient-rich fluids emanate from the sea floor. Vent and seep ecosystems occur in a variety of geological settings throughout the global ocean and support food webs based on chemoautotrophic primary production. Most vent and seep invertebrates arrive at suitable habitats as larvae dispersed by deep-ocean currents. The recent evolution of many vent and seep invertebrate species (〈100 million years ago) suggests that Cenozoic tectonic history and oceanic circulation patterns have been important in defining contemporary biogeographic patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Dover, C L -- German, C R -- Speer, K G -- Parson, L M -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1253-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA. cindy_vandover@wm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates/classification/genetics/physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 36
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    Prokaryotic diversity--magnitude, dynamics, and controlling factors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: There are probably millions of species in the microorganismal domains Bacteria and Archaea (the prokaryotes), and we are only just beginning to work out the basic principles governing their distribution and abundance in natural environments. One characteristic that has become clear is that prokaryote diversity in aquatic environments is orders of magnitude less than in sediments and soils. Hypotheses and models explaining such differences are under development and are beginning to offer promising insights into the mechanisms governing prokaryote diversity and ecosystem function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Torsvik, Vigdis -- Ovreas, Lise -- Thingstad, Tron Frede -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1064-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Jahnebakken 5, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. vigdis.torsvik@im.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/genetics/*physiology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Eukaryota/physiology ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Random perturbations and lattice effects in chaotic population dynamics (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Domokos, Gabor -- Scheuring, Istvan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2163; discussion 2163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cornell University, Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Ithaca, NY 14853-1503, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Population Density ; *Population Dynamics ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Humped pattern of diversity: fact or artifact? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arim, Matias -- Barbosa, Olga -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1763; discussion 1763.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. marim@genes.bio.puc.cl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artifacts ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Presidential address. Science, sustainability, and the human prospect (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA. praven@nas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Global Health ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Science ; Technology ; Technology Transfer ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Grassland responses to global environmental changes suppressed by elevated CO2 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: Simulated global changes, including warming, increased precipitation, and nitrogen deposition, alone and in concert, increased net primary production (NPP) in the third year of ecosystem-scale manipulations in a California annual grassland. Elevated carbon dioxide also increased NPP, but only as a single-factor treatment. Across all multifactor manipulations, elevated carbon dioxide suppressed root allocation, decreasing the positive effects of increased temperature, precipitation, and nitrogen deposition on NPP. The NPP responses to interacting global changes differed greatly from simple combinations of single-factor responses. These findings indicate the importance of a multifactor experimental approach to understanding ecosystem responses to global change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, M Rebecca -- Zavaleta, Erika S -- Chiariello, Nona R -- Cleland, Elsa E -- Mooney, Harold A -- Field, Christopher B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1987-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. shaw@globalecology.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; California ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geraniaceae/*growth & development ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Soil ; Temperature ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mass extinctions. No 'darkness at noon' to do in the dinosaurs? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1445-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dinosaurs ; Dust ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; *Minor Planets ; Photosynthesis ; Smoke
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Kleiber and Planck: the missing link? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Radny, Marian W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):59; author reply 59.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Coral reef biodiversity and conservation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baird, Andrew H -- Bellwood, David R -- Connell, Joseph H -- Cornell, Howard V -- Hughes, Terry P -- Karlson, Ronald H -- Rosen, Brian R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1026-8; author reply 1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; *Cnidaria ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Nephropidae ; Seawater ; Snails
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Carbon sinks and conserving biodiversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Wesemael, B -- Lambin, B F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2094-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11764790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carbon ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; International Cooperation ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Disciplines team up to take the pulse of Tampa Bay (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ladika, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Budgets ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Florida ; Geologic Sediments ; Government ; Humans ; Poaceae/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Marine ecology. Scientists brace for bad tidings after spill (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- Bosch, Xavier -- Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Aquaculture ; Atlantic Ocean ; Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Fuel Oils ; *Seawater ; Shellfish ; Spain ; *Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
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    Antarctic krill under sea ice: elevated abundance in a narrow band just south of ice edge (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: We surveyed Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) under sea ice using the autonomous underwater vehicle Autosub-2. Krill were concentrated within a band under ice between 1 and 13 kilometers south of the ice edge. Within this band, krill densities were fivefold greater than that of open water. The under-ice environment has long been considered an important habitat for krill, but sampling difficulties have previously prevented direct observations under ice over the scale necessary for robust krill density estimation. Autosub-2 enabled us to make continuous high-resolution measurements of krill density under ice reaching 27 kilometers beyond the ice edge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brierley, Andrew S -- Fernandes, Paul G -- Brandon, Mark A -- Armstrong, Frederick -- Millard, Nicholas W -- McPhail, Steven D -- Stevenson, Peter -- Pebody, Miles -- Perrett, James -- Squires, Mark -- Bone, Douglas G -- Griffiths, Gwyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1890-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. andrew.brierley@st-andrews.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Crustacea/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Ice ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Coral reef biodiversity and conservation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, John C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1026-8; author reply 1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Cnidaria ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Pacific Ocean ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Looking at the future of radioecology (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pentreath, R Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1333-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Radiation Effects ; Radiation Protection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Buffered tree population changes in a quaternary refugium: evolutionary implications (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: A high-resolution pollen record from western Greece shows that the amplitude of millennial-scale oscillations in tree abundance during the last glacial period was subdued, with temperate tree populations surviving throughout the interval. This provides evidence for the existence of an area of relative ecological stability, reflecting the influence of continued moisture availability and varied topography. Long-term buffering of populations from climatic extremes, together with genetic isolation at such refugial sites, may have allowed lineage divergence to proceed through the Quaternary. Such ecologically stable areas may be critical not only for the long-term survival of species, but also for the emergence of new ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tzedakis, P C -- Lawson, I T -- Frogley, M R -- Hewitt, G M -- Preece, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2044-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. P.Tzedakis@geog.leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Greece ; Pollen ; Time ; *Trees/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
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    Avian persistence in fragmented rainforest (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: What factors determine the persistence of species in fragmented habitats? To address this question, we studied the relative impacts of forest deterioration and fragmentation on bird species in 12 rainforest fragments in Kenya, combining 6 years of individual capture-recapture data with measurements of current captures and museum specimens. Species mobility, as estimated from species-specific dispersal rates, and tolerance to habitat deterioration, as estimated from change in fluctuating asymmetry with increasing habitat disturbance, explained 88% of the variation in patch occupancy among eight forest bird species. Occupancy increased with mobility and with tolerance to deterioration, where both variables contributed equally to this relationship. We conclude that individual-level study, such as of dispersal behavior and phenotypic development, can predict patterns of persistence at the species level. More generally, for conservation tactics to stand a high chance of success, they should include action both within sites, to minimize habitat deterioration, and across landscapes, to maximize dispersal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lens, Luc -- Van Dongen, Stefan -- Norris, Ken -- Githiru, Mwangi -- Matthysen, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1236-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. luc.lens@rug.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Kenya ; Logistic Models ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Species Specificity ; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Estimating the size of the world's threatened flora (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pitman, Nigel C A -- Jorgensen, Peter M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Tropical Conservation, Box 90381, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0381, USA. ncp@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodegradable polymers for the environment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: Biodegradable polymers are designed to degrade upon disposal by the action of living organisms. Extraordinary progress has been made in the development of practical processes and products from polymers such as starch, cellulose, and lactic acid. The need to create alternative biodegradable water-soluble polymers for down-the-drain products such as detergents and cosmetics has taken on increasing importance. Consumers have, however, thus far attached little or no added value to the property of biodegradability, forcing industry to compete head-to-head on a cost-performance basis with existing familiar products. In addition, no suitable infrastructure for the disposal of biodegradable materials exists as yet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, Richard A -- Kalra, Bhanu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):803-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Polytechnic University, National Science Foundation Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. rgross@duke.poly.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cellulose/chemistry/metabolism ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Molecular Structure ; Plastics/chemistry/metabolism ; Polyesters/chemistry/metabolism ; Polymers/*chemistry/economics/*metabolism ; Solubility ; Starch/chemistry/metabolism ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Practical approaches to green solvents (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: Solvents are widely used in commercial manufacturing and service industries. Despite abundant precaution, they inevitably contaminate our air, land, and water because they are difficult to contain and recycle. Researchers have therefore focused on reducing solvent use through the development of solvent-free processes and more efficient recycling protocols. However, these approaches have their limitations, necessitating a pollution prevention approach and the search for environmentally benign solvent alternatives. This report highlights opportunities for the practical implementation of such green solvents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeSimone, Joseph M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):799-803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA. desimone@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollutants ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Food Industry/methods ; Hazardous Waste/*prevention & control ; Hexanes/chemistry ; Industrial Waste/*prevention & control ; Industry/*methods ; Pesticides/chemistry ; Solvents/*chemistry ; Tetrachloroethylene/chemistry ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Forest ecology. Satellites spy more forest than expected (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Maps as Topic ; *Spacecraft ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 56
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    Support of marine sustainability science (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ajayi, Thomas -- Sherman, Kenneth -- Tang, Qisheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):772.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12162321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*methods/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Fisheries ; International Cooperation ; *Marine Biology/economics/trends ; North America ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Beta diversity in tropical forests (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duivenvoorden, J F -- Svenning, J C -- Wright, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):636-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Post Office Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, Netherlands. duivenvoorden@science.uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Models, Biological ; Panama ; Peru ; Regression Analysis ; *Trees/classification/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Green chemistry: science and politics of change (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: The chemical industry plays a key role in sustaining the world economy and underpinning future technologies, yet is under unprecedented pressure from the effects of globalization and change in many of its traditional markets. Against this background, what will be needed for the industry to embrace efforts to make it "greener"? We explore some of the issues raised by the development of "green chemistry" techniques and identify potential barriers to their implementation by industry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poliakoff, Martyn -- Fitzpatrick, J Michael -- Farren, Trevor R -- Anastas, Paul T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):807-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. martyn.poliakoff@nottingham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Chemistry/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Hazardous Waste/*prevention & control ; Industrial Waste/*prevention & control ; Industry/legislation & jurisprudence/*methods/*trends ; Politics ; Risk ; Solvents/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Infectious diseases can cause rapid population declines or species extinctions. Many pathogens of terrestrial and marine taxa are sensitive to temperature, rainfall, and humidity, creating synergisms that could affect biodiversity. Climate warming can increase pathogen development and survival rates, disease transmission, and host susceptibility. Although most host-parasite systems are predicted to experience more frequent or severe disease impacts with warming, a subset of pathogens might decline with warming, releasing hosts from disease. Recently, changes in El Nino-Southern Oscillation events have had a detectable influence on marine and terrestrial pathogens, including coral diseases, oyster pathogens, crop pathogens, Rift Valley fever, and human cholera. To improve our ability to predict epidemics in wild populations, it will be necessary to separate the independent and interactive effects of multiple climate drivers on disease impact.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvell, C Drew -- Mitchell, Charles E -- Ward, Jessica R -- Altizer, Sonia -- Dobson, Andrew P -- Ostfeld, Richard S -- Samuel, Michael D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2158-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. cdh5@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Animals, Wild ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Climate ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/etiology/transmission/veterinary ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Vectors ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/physiology ; Humans ; *Infection/epidemiology/etiology/transmission/veterinary ; Parasites/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/etiology ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Virus Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Conservation priorities for Russian mammals (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polishchuk, Leonard V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of General Ecology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. LV@Polishchuk.msk.ru〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Fertility ; Litter Size ; Logistic Models ; Longevity ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Russia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global biodiversity, biochemical kinetics, and the energetic-equivalence rule (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: The latitudinal gradient of increasing biodiversity from poles to equator is one of the most prominent but least understood features of life on Earth. Here we show that species diversity can be predicted from the biochemical kinetics of metabolism. We first demonstrate that the average energy flux of populations is temperature invariant. We then derive a model that quantitatively predicts how species diversity increases with environmental temperature. Predictions are supported by data for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine taxa along latitudinal and elevational gradients. These results establish a thermodynamic basis for the regulation of species diversity and the organization of ecological communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Andrew P -- Brown, James H -- Gillooly, James F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. drewa@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; *Ecosystem ; Kinetics ; *Models, Biological ; Plants ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Hydrothermal systems. Stirring the oceanic incubator (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dziak, Robert P -- Johnson, H Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1406-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Pacific Ocean ; Photosynthesis ; Pressure ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A selective advantage to immigrant genes in a Daphnia metapopulation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Immigrants to habitats occupied by conspecific organisms are usually expected to be competitively inferior, because residents may be locally adapted. If residents are inbred, however, mating between immigrants and residents results in offspring that may enjoy a fitness advantage from hybrid vigor. We demonstrate this effect experimentally in a natural Daphnia metapopulation in which genetic bottlenecks and local inbreeding are common. We estimate that in this metapopulation, hybrid vigor amplifies the rate of gene flow several times more than would be predicted from the nominal migration rate. This can affect the persistence of local populations and the entire metapopulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebert, Dieter -- Haag, Christoph -- Kirkpatrick, Mark -- Riek, Myriam -- Hottinger, Jurgen W -- Pajunen, V Ilmari -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):485-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoologisches Institut, Universitat Basel, Rheinsprung 9, 4051 Basel, Switzerland. dieter.ebert@unifr.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Daphnia/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Finland ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; *Hybrid Vigor ; Hybridization, Genetic ; *Inbreeding ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanography. Small critters--big effects (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morel, Andre -- Antoine, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 06238 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. morel@obs-vlfr.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/metabolism/*physiology ; Geography ; Light ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/metabolism/*physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Spacecraft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Malaria. Ecologists see flaws in transgenic mosquito (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified/parasitology/physiology ; Anopheles/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Insect ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/transmission ; Pilot Projects ; Plasmodium falciparum/*physiology ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Population density in plants and animals is thought to scale with size as a result of mass-related energy requirements. Variation in resources, however, naturally limits population density and may alter expected scaling patterns. We develop and test a general model for variation within and between species in population density across the order Carnivora. We find that 10,000 kilograms of prey supports about 90 kilograms of a given species of carnivore, irrespective of body mass, and that the ratio of carnivore number to prey biomass scales to the reciprocal of carnivore mass. Using mass-specific equations of prey productivity, we show that carnivore number per unit prey productivity scales to carnivore mass near -0.75, and that the scaling rule can predict population density across more than three orders of magnitude. The relationship provides a basis for identifying declining carnivore species that require conservation measures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carbone, Chris -- Gittleman, John L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2273-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. chris.carbone@ioz.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Body Weight ; Carnivora/*physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; *Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Extreme responses to climate change in Antarctic lakes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quayle, Wendy C -- Peck, Lloyd S -- Peat, Helen -- Ellis-Evans, J C -- Harrigan, P Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water ; Light ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Seasons ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Issues in Amazonian development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laurance, William F -- Fearnside, Philip M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1643-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11881632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment. Biodiversity update--progress in taxonomy (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: Taxonomy and systematics underpin our ability to conserve and benefit from biodiversity in sustainable ways as envisaged under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Despite progress in phylogenetics towards reconstructing the "Tree of Life" and in biodiversity informatics, the fundamental documentation of species necessary to complete the inventory of life has lagged behind. It is argued that this reflects a lack of appreciation of the role played by species-level taxonomic information in underpinning conservation and sustainable use and under investment in the relevant institutions at the expense of supporting the centralised financial mechanism of the CBD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackmore, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK. s.blackmore@rbge.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biological Specimen Banks ; *Classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Databases, Factual ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Financial Support ; International Cooperation ; Phylogeny ; Plants/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecology. Inbreeding and metapopulations (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, Anthony R -- Whitlock, Michael C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):454-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; *Hybrid Vigor ; Hybridization, Genetic ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecology. Quaternary refugia and persistence of biodiversity (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taberlet, Pierre -- Cheddadi, Rachid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2009-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations d'Altitude, CNRS UMR 5553, Universite Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. pierre.taberlet@ujf-grenoble.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Europe ; Geography ; North America ; Pollen ; Time ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Trophic control of production in a rocky intertidal community (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: In the low intertidal zone at Tatoosh Island, Washington, United States, minimal estimates of primary production can vary from 0 to an average of 86 kilograms of wet mass per square meter per year when the grazing assemblage is manipulated. Highly productive annual kelps (Laminariales) replace less productive perennial species when macroscopic grazers are reduced or absent, resulting in monodominant assemblages of Alaria marginata. Experiments were repeated in seven consecutive years. Increased species richness makes no significant additional contribution to annual production. Rather, a competitively superior species is favored when its enemies are reduced, suggesting that terrestrial perspectives on the role of biodiversity that are developed without considering consumers may not be general.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paine, Robert T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):736-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Mollusca/physiology ; Phaeophyta/*growth & development ; Sea Urchins/physiology ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Time Factors ; Washington
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A global experiment under way (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉da Fonseca, Gustavo A B -- Gascon, Claude -- Steininger, Marc K -- Brooks, Thomas -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Lacher, Thomas E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11890179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Collection ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Plants ; *Research Design ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Coastal cool-down (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, Katie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Pacific Ocean ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Zooplankton/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Side effects of oceanic iron fertilization (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, Mark G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):1993.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12243191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/metabolism ; *Iron ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; *Seawater ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Impacts of soil faunal community composition on model grassland ecosystems (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: Human impacts, including global change, may alter the composition of soil faunal communities, but consequences for ecosystem functioning are poorly understood. We constructed model grassland systems in the Ecotron controlled environment facility and manipulated soil community composition through assemblages of different animal body sizes. Plant community composition, microbial and root biomass, decomposition rate, and mycorrhizal colonization were all markedly affected. However, two key ecosystem processes, aboveground net primary productivity and net ecosystem productivity, were surprisingly resistant to these changes. We hypothesize that positive and negative faunal-mediated effects in soil communities cancel each other out, causing no net ecosystem effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradford, M A -- Jones, T H -- Bardgett, R D -- Black, H I J -- Boag, B -- Bonkowski, M -- Cook, R -- Eggers, T -- Gange, A C -- Grayston, S J -- Kandeler, E -- McCaig, A E -- Newington, J E -- Prosser, J I -- Setala, H -- Staddon, P L -- Tordoff, G M -- Tscherko, D -- Lawton, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Population Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK. m.a.bradford@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Body Constitution ; Carbon/metabolism ; Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fungi/growth & development ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Density ; *Soil ; Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ESA and Society for Ecological Restoration meeting. An ecological oasis in the desert (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1635-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aphids/microbiology/parasitology ; Arizona ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Desert Climate ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Symbiosis ; Wasps/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    POTUS and the fish (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bass ; Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sea-floor ecosystems. Trawling's a drag for marine life, say studies (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; Fishes ; Geologic Sediments ; Industry ; *Marine Biology ; Porifera ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Islands, equilibria, and speciation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherry, Joshua L -- Adler, Frederick R -- Johnson, Kevin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic, and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. cherry@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Birds/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; West Indies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Report seeks answers to marine mystery (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2110-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Seals, Earless
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Conserving native plants in China (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, H -- Han, X -- Kang, L -- Raven, P -- Jackson, P W -- Chen, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):935-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Endangered Species Act. Cherished concepts faltering in the field (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shouse, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1219-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Florida ; *Government Agencies ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Transgenic fish: a boon or threat? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramseyer, Laurel J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1715.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12462233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Feed ; Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/*genetics/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Species diversity--scale matters (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Katherine J -- Whittaker, Robert J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1245-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. kathy.willis@geography.oxford.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Birds ; *Bryozoa ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Great Britain ; Models, Statistical ; *Plants ; Seawater ; South America ; Time Factors ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbial eukaryote species (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coleman, Annette W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):337; author reply 337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Eukaryota/*classification/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Paleontology. East of Eden at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beard, Chris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2028-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. beardc@carnegiemuseums.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Europe ; Fossils ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Mammals ; North America ; *Paleontology ; Primates ; Time ; Wyoming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conservation biology. Predictive ecology to the rescue? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cote, Isabelle M -- Reynolds, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. i.cote@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Birds/growth & development/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Fishes/growth & development/physiology ; Forecasting ; Fresh Water ; Kenya ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; North America ; Seawater ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting. A whale of a chain reaction (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; *Seaweed ; *Whales
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Central Asia. Caspian ecology teeters on the brink (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):430-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia, Central ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Distemper ; Distemper Virus, Canine ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; Food Chain ; Oceans and Seas ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Pest Control, Biological ; Petroleum ; Politics ; *Scyphozoa/physiology ; *Seals, Earless/physiology ; Seawater ; Water Pollution ; Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Arizona ecologist puts stamp on forest restoration debate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; Fires ; *Forestry ; History, 21st Century ; *Pinus ; Politics ; Southwestern United States ; *Trees ; United States
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  • 92
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    Dealing with the risks of transgenic fish (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weaver, Dallas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1715.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12462235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Biotechnology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; California ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*genetics ; Research ; Risk Assessment ; Zebrafish/*genetics
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  • 93
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    Biodiversity. Bid to save Kamchatka's wildlife (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1787-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Budgets ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation ; Plants ; Russia
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  • 94
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    Microbial behavior in a heterogeneous world (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Most microorganisms are motile during at least part of their life cycle, because they need to find optimal conditions in a patchy world. The sheer volume of microorganisms in the biosphere means that their motile sensory behavior also contributes to the global transformation and cycling of matter. How microorganisms move and how they orient themselves using environmental cues are integral to understanding the complex structure and function of microbial communities, but although motility in response to external stimuli was first described more than 120 years ago, understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved has only been achieved more recently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fenchel, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1068-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark. tfenchel@zi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biofilms/growth & development ; *Chemotaxis ; *Ecosystem ; Euryarchaeota/*physiology ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Movement ; Oxygen ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: Coral reefs are the most biologically diverse of shallow water marine ecosystems but are being degraded worldwide by human activities and climate warming. Analyses of the geographic ranges of 3235 species of reef fish, corals, snails, and lobsters revealed that between 7.2% and 53.6% of each taxon have highly restricted ranges, rendering them vulnerable to extinction. Restricted-range species are clustered into centers of endemism, like those described for terrestrial taxa. The 10 richest centers of endemism cover 15.8% of the world's coral reefs (0.012% of the oceans) but include between 44.8 and 54.2% of the restricted-range species. Many occur in regions where reefs are being severely affected by people, potentially leading to numerous extinctions. Threatened centers of endemism are major biodiversity hotspots, and conservation efforts targeted toward them could help avert the loss of tropical reef biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Callum M -- McClean, Colin J -- Veron, John E N -- Hawkins, Julie P -- Allen, Gerald R -- McAllister, Don E -- Mittermeier, Cristina G -- Schueler, Frederick W -- Spalding, Mark -- Wells, Fred -- Vynne, Carly -- Werner, Timothy B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1280-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA. cr10@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria/classification/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/classification/physiology ; Humans ; *Nephropidae/classification/physiology ; Seawater ; *Snails/classification/physiology ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Economic reasons for conserving wild nature (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: On the eve of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, it is timely to assess progress over the 10 years since its predecessor in Rio de Janeiro. Loss and degradation of remaining natural habitats has continued largely unabated. However, evidence has been accumulating that such systems generate marked economic benefits, which the available data suggest exceed those obtained from continued habitat conversion. We estimate that the overall benefit:cost ratio of an effective global program for the conservation of remaining wild nature is at least 100:1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Bruner, Aaron -- Cooper, Philip -- Costanza, Robert -- Farber, Stephen -- Green, Rhys E -- Jenkins, Martin -- Jefferiss, Paul -- Jessamy, Valma -- Madden, Joah -- Munro, Kat -- Myers, Norman -- Naeem, Shahid -- Paavola, Jouni -- Rayment, Matthew -- Rosendo, Sergio -- Roughgarden, Joan -- Trumper, Kate -- Turner, R Kerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):950-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forestry ; Humans ; Private Sector ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Why conservationists should heed Pokemon (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Clegg, Lizzie -- Coulson, Tim -- Taylor, Jennie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11924673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Ecological effects of climate fluctuations (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: Climate influences a variety of ecological processes. These effects operate through local weather parameters such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, and ocean currents, as well as interactions among these. In the temperate zone, local variations in weather are often coupled over large geographic areas through the transient behavior of atmospheric planetary-scale waves. These variations drive temporally and spatially averaged exchanges of heat, momentum, and water vapor that ultimately determine growth, recruitment, and migration patterns. Recently, there have been several studies of the impact of large-scale climatic forcing on ecological systems. We review how two of the best-known climate phenomena-the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation-affect ecological patterns and processes in both marine and terrestrial systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stenseth, Nils Chr -- Mysterud, Atle -- Ottersen, Geir -- Hurrell, James W -- Chan, Kung-Sik -- Lima, Mauricio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1292-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. n.c.stenseth@bio.uio.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Food Chain ; Geography ; Plankton/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment. Frontier governance in Amazonia (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nepstad, D -- McGrath, D -- Alencar, A -- Barros, A C -- Carvalho, G -- Santilli, M -- Vera Diaz, M del C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):629-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC), Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296, USA. dnepstad@whrc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Economics ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Forestry ; Government ; Public Policy ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stability in real food webs: weak links in long loops (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Increasing evidence that the strengths of interactions among populations in biological communities form patterns that are crucial for system stability requires clarification of the precise form of these patterns, how they come about, and why they influence stability. We show that in real food webs, interaction strengths are organized in trophic loops in such a way that long loops contain relatively many weak links. We show and explain mathematically that this patterning enhances stability, because it reduces maximum "loop weight" and thus reduces the amount of intraspecific interaction needed for matrix stability. The patterns are brought about by biomass pyramids, a feature common to most ecosystems. Incorporation of biomass pyramids in 104 food-web descriptions reveals that the low weight of the long loops stabilizes complex food webs. Loop-weight analysis could be a useful tool for exploring the structure and organization of complex communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neutel, Anje-Margriet -- Heesterbeek, Johan A P -- De Ruiter, Peter C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. a.neutel@geog.uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Plants ; Predatory Behavior ; *Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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