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  • 1
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    Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Analysis of tetrapod footprints and skeletal material from more than 70 localities in eastern North America shows that large theropod dinosaurs appeared less than 10,000 years after the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and less than 30,000 years after the last Triassic taxa, synchronous with a terrestrial mass extinction. This extraordinary turnover is associated with an iridium anomaly (up to 285 parts per trillion, with an average maximum of 141 parts per trillion) and a fern spore spike, suggesting that a bolide impact was the cause. Eastern North American dinosaurian diversity reached a stable maximum less than 100,000 years after the boundary, marking the establishment of dinosaur-dominated communities that prevailed for the next 135 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, P E -- Kent, D V -- Sues, H-D -- Koeberl, C -- Huber, H -- Montanari, A -- Rainforth, E C -- Fowell, S J -- Szajna, M J -- Hartline, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs ; *Ecosystem ; Ferns ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iridium/*analysis ; Meteoroids ; Minor Planets ; North America ; Spores ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A Middle Triassic stem-turtle and the evolution of the turtle body plan (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-25
    Description: The origin and early evolution of turtles have long been major contentious issues in vertebrate zoology. This is due to conflicting character evidence from molecules and morphology and a lack of transitional fossils from the critical time interval. The approximately 220-million-year-old stem-turtle Odontochelys from China has a partly formed shell and many turtle-like features in its postcranial skeleton. Unlike the 214-million-year-old Proganochelys from Germany and Thailand, it retains marginal teeth and lacks a carapace. Odontochelys is separated by a large temporal gap from the approximately 260-million-year-old Eunotosaurus from South Africa, which has been hypothesized as the earliest stem-turtle. Here we report a new reptile, Pappochelys, that is structurally and chronologically intermediate between Eunotosaurus and Odontochelys and dates from the Middle Triassic period ( approximately 240 million years ago). The three taxa share anteroposteriorly broad trunk ribs that are T-shaped in cross-section and bear sculpturing, elongate dorsal vertebrae, and modified limb girdles. Pappochelys closely resembles Odontochelys in various features of the limb girdles. Unlike Odontochelys, it has a cuirass of robust paired gastralia in place of a plastron. Pappochelys provides new evidence that the plastron partly formed through serial fusion of gastralia. Its skull has small upper and ventrally open lower temporal fenestrae, supporting the hypothesis of diapsid affinities of turtles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoch, Rainer R -- Sues, Hans-Dieter -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):584-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14472. Epub 2015 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. ; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 121, PO Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Shells ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Germany ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Turtles/*anatomy & histology/classification
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Triassic vertebrates of gondwanan aspect from the richmond basin of virginia (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-31
    Description: A new locality of early Late Triassic age in the Richmond basin of east-central Virginia has yielded abundant remains of a diversified assemblage of small to medium-sized tetrapods that closely resembles Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanan) assemblages in the predominance of certain synapsids. Associated palynomorphs indicate an early middle Carnian age for the fossiliferous strata. The discovery suggests that previously recognized differences between tetrapod assemblages of early Late Triassic age from Gondwana and Laurasia at least in part reflect differences in stratigraphic age, rather than geographic separation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sues, H D -- Olsen, P E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):1020-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17789610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    New fossil evidence on the sister-group of mammals and early mesozoic faunal distributions (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-01
    Description: Newly discovered remains of highly advanced mammal-like reptiles (Cynodontia: Tritheledontidae) from the Early Jurassic of Nova Scotia, Canada, have revealed that aspects of the characteristic mammalian occlusal pattern are primitive. Mammals and tritheledontids share an homologous pattern of occlusion that is not seen in other cynodonts. The new tritheledontids represent the first definite record of this family from North America. The extreme similarity of North American and African tritheledontids supports the hypothesis that the global distribution of terrestrial tetrapods was homogeneous in the Early Jurassic. This Early Jurassic cosmopolitanism represents the continuation of a trend toward increased global homogeneity among terrestrial tetrapod communities that began in the late Paleozoic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shubin, N H -- Crompton, A W -- Sues, H D -- Olsen, P E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 1;251(4997):1063-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17802092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Vertebrate transitions (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sues, H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 15;256(5059):1057-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17795027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Cretaceous extinctions: multiple causes (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Archibald, J David -- Clemens, W A -- Padian, Kevin -- Rowe, Timothy -- Macleod, Norman -- Barrett, Paul M -- Gale, Andrew -- Holroyd, Pat -- Sues, Hans-Dieter -- Arens, Nan Crystal -- Horner, John R -- Wilson, Gregory P -- Goodwin, Mark B -- Brochu, Christopher A -- Lofgren, Donald L -- Hurlbert, Stuart H -- Hartman, Joseph H -- Eberth, David A -- Wignall, Paul B -- Currie, Philip J -- Weil, Anne -- Prasad, Guntupalli V R -- Dingus, Lowell -- Courtillot, Vincent -- Milner, Angela -- Milner, Andrew -- Bajpai, Sunil -- Ward, David J -- Sahni, Ashok -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):973; author reply 975-6. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5981.973-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate Change ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geological Phenomena ; Mexico ; *Minor Planets ; Seawater ; Vertebrates ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Paleontology. Dinosaurs dined on grass (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piperno, Dolores R -- Sues, Hans-Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1126-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA. pipernod@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; *Poaceae/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Embryos of an early Jurassic prosauropod dinosaur and their evolutionary significance (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: Articulated embryos from the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa are referable to the prosauropod Massospondylus carinatus and, together with other material, provide substantial insights into the ontogenetic development in this early dinosaur. The large forelimbs and head and the horizontally held neck indicate that the hatchlings were obligate quadrupeds. In contrast, adult Massospondylus were at least facultatively bipedal. This suggests that the quadrupedal gait of giant sauropods may have evolved by retardation of postnatal negative allometry of the forelimbs. Embryonic body proportions and an absence of well-developed teeth suggest that hatchlings of this dinosaur may have required parental care.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reisz, Robert R -- Scott, Diane -- Sues, Hans-Dieter -- Evans, David C -- Raath, Michael A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):761-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. rreisz@utm.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/embryology ; Dentition ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*anatomy & histology ; Embryonic Development ; Femur/embryology ; Forelimb/anatomy & histology/embryology ; *Fossils ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Locomotion ; Neck/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Ovum ; Paleodontology ; Posture ; Ribs/embryology ; Skull/embryology ; South Africa ; Spine/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Response (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sereno, P C -- Wilson, J A -- Larsson, H C -- Dutheil, D B -- Sues, H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1752-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17775787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Early cretaceous dinosaurs from the sahara (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-14
    Description: A major question in Mesozoic biogeography is how the land-based dinosaurian radiation responded to fragmentation of Pangaea. A rich fossil record has been uncovered on northern continents that spans the Cretaceous, when continental isolation reached its peak. In contrast, dinosaur remains on southern continents are scarce. The discovery of dinosaurian skeletons from Lower Cretaceous beds in the southern Sahara shows that several lineages of tetanuran theropods and broad-toothed sauropods had a cosmopolitan distribution across Pangaea before the onset of continental fragmentation. The distinct dinosaurian faunas of Africa, South America, and Asiamerica arose during the Cretaceous by differential survival of once widespread lineages on land masses that were becoming increasingly isolated from one another.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sereno, P C -- Wilson, J A -- Larsson, H C -- Dutheil, D B -- Sues, H D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 14;266(5183):267-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17771449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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