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  • Angiosperms  (100)
  • Triticum aestivum
  • Springer  (149)
  • Cell Press
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
  • 1985-1989  (149)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1988  (77)
  • 1985  (72)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (149)
  • Cell Press
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics
Years
  • 1985-1989  (149)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots on mineralization rates of soil organic matter (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Soil C mineralization ; 14C-labelled plant material ; Decomposition stages ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the roots removed from the soil, and a new crop was started. Thus, the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of active roots on C-mineralization rates during different stages of decomposition and during long-term incubation. During the first 200 days, corresponding to the active decomposition stages, the roots weakly reduced 14C mineralization. With a lower level of decomposition, when more than 60% of the initial 14C was mineralized and when the available nutrients were markedly exhausted by plant uptake, the roots stimulated 14C mineralization.[/ p]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260735
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root activity and carbon metabolism in soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Rhizosphere ; C metabolism ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial activity ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the old roots removed from the soil, so that the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. During the initial stages of high microbial activity, due to decomposition of the labile compounds, the size of the total microbial biomass was comparable for both treatments, and the metabolic quotient (qCO2-C = mg CO2-C·mg−1 Biomass C·h−1) was increased by the plants. During the subsequent low-activity decomposition stages, after the labile compounds had been progressively mineralized, the biomass was multiplied by a factor of 2–4 in the presence of plants compared to the bare soils. Nevertheless, qCO2-C tended to reach similar low values with both treatments. The 14C-labelled biomass was reduced by the presence of roots and qCO2-14C was increased. The significance of these results obtained from a model experiment is discussed in terms of (1) the variation in the substrate originating from the roots and controlled by the plant physiology, (2) nutrient availability for plants and microorganisms, (3) soil biotic capacities and (4) increased microbial turnover rates induced by the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260736
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of biopores on root growth, water uptake and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) based on predictions from a computer model (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biopores ; Root growth ; Transpiration ; Simulations ; Mechanical impedance ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The use of vertical biopores by wheat (Triticum aestivum) seminal roots for easy access to the subsoil and the consequences for plant water supply and yield has been investigated by computer simulation. Parameters included were: biopore density and diameter, depth of cultivation and strength of the subsoil — all under a wide range of seasonal weather conditions. The model predicts that biopores add significantly to root penetration at depth, even at a density of 0.1% v/v of small, vertical pores, while 1.5% to 2.0% v/v can ensure maximum root penetration. When the growing season is shorter a larger number of biopores is needed to ensure timely root penetration to depth. With shallow tillage, biopores occur closer to the soil surface, and their importance is increased. Deeper root penetration invariably gives greater water uptake and transpiration, but may have a negative effect on grain yield, especially under the driest climatic conditions. An increase in early water use may result in less soil water being available during the grain-filling period. The effect of biopores on plant transpiration varies from year to year, depending on the amount of rain and its distribution in time, and on the amount of soil water stored at time of sowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261020
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence and determination of the extremities of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene in wheat mitochondria: evidence for sequence rearrangements in the ribosomal genes of higher plants (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Plant mitochondrial DNA ; Ribosomal genes ; Sequence rearrangements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of the wheat mitochondrial 26S ribosomal RNA gene and flanking regions was determined and compared with mitochondrial 26S rRNA genes from maize and Oenothera. All three genes exhibit a high degree of homology except within two variable regions. When the plant mitochondrial 26S rRNA genes are compared with Escherichia coli 23S rRNA and chloroplast 23S and 4.5S rRNA genes, a third variable region is apparent close to the 3′ end of the gene. The 5′ and 3′ ends of the wheat mitochondrial gene were determined by S1 nuclease mapping. Computer analysis of the wheat mitochondrial gene revealed several small sequences present either in the 5′ region of the 26S rRNA gene or in the 18S rRNA gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a direct relationship between mitochondrial genome organization and regeneration ability in hexaploid wheat somatic tissue cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 14 (1988), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Genomic variability ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Somatic tissue culture ; Regeneration ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Embryogenic and non-embryogenic long-term callus cultures of hexaploid wheat exhibit differences in the organization of their mitochondrial genome. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic fractions of callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of the wheat cultivar “Chinese Spring” have been isolated and subsequently subcultured. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments using labelled cloned wheat mitochondrial DNA fragments have shown that the mitochondrial DNA organization of embryogenic subcultures derived from embryogenic parts of “Chinese Spring” calli is closely related to that of the initial “Chinese Spring” calli, while non-embryogenic subcultures derived from non-embryogenic fragments of “Chinese Spring” calli exhibit a mitochondrial DNA organization similar to that found in non-embryogenic calli derived from cultivar “Aquila”. In addition, somatic tissue cultures initiated from three other non-embryogenic wheat cultivars (“Talent”, “Thésée” and “Capitole”) display mitochondrial DNA arrangements similar to those found in cultivar “Aquila”. These results strongly suggest that, in wheat callus cultures, a particular mitochondrial genome organization is correlated with the ability of cultured cells to regenerate whole plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419997
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological aspects of in vitro androgenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using fluorescent microscopy (1988)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Cytology ; In vitroandrogenesis ; Fluorescent microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two winter wheat genotypes (‘Diószegi 200’ and ‘Mv 15’) were compared for their in vitro androgenic capacity. On average, the induction frequency of embryogenic structures was 71.7% in ‘Diószegi 200’ and only 4.3% in ‘Mv 15’. The haploid induction ability of the two genotypes differed considerably, with ‘Diószegi 200’ being much higher. The difference in the in vitro inductability of the microspores may result from genetic differences which are manifested in the survival rate of the microspores during the culture period and their adaptability to in vitro conditions. Special DNA fluorochrornes were suitable for studying the different pathways of in vitro androgenesis. Our data indicate that the repeated equal divisions of the microspore nucleus might lead to pollen embryo formation, and subsequent divisions of the vegetative portion of the pollen grain after the first asymmetric microspore mitosis can result in pollen callus formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189155
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of Triticeae shikimate dehydrogenase (1988)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 287-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: shikimate dehydrogenase ; electrophoresis ; isoelectric focusing ; isozymest ; Triticeae ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (IEF) were used to investigate the genetic control of Triticeae shikimate dehydrogenase-1 (SKDH-1). Studies of wheat-alien species chromosome addition lines established thatSkdh-1 ofHordeum vulgare cv. Betzes is located in chromosome 5H,Skdh-V1 ofDasypyrum villosum in 5V,Skdh-R1 ofSecale cereale cvs. Dakold and King II in 5R, andSkdh-S 11 ofTriticum longissimum in 5S1S. Also, the chromosomal locations of the genes that encode SKDH-1 inT. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring,T. umbellulatum, andS. cereale cv. Imperial, determined earlier using zone electrophoresis, were reconfirmed using IEF. Zone electrophoresis and IEF do not differ markedly in their ability to detect the expression of alienSkdh-1 genes in wheat-alien species chromosome addition lines. However, IEF may be superior to zone electrophoresis as a technique for detecting and analyzing SKDH-1 genetic variants within Triticeae species; among the species studied, IEF generally resolved two or more isozymes perSkdh-1 allele present, while zone electrophoresis resolved only one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561467
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization and nucleotide sequence of the gene for the 8 kDa subunit of photosystem I in pea and wheat chloroplast DNA (1988)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 311-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast gene ; iron-sulphur protein ; psaC ; Pisum sativum ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gene for the 8 kDa subunit of photosystem I has been located in the small single copy region of wheat chloroplast DNA by coupled transcription-translation of cloned fragments of DNA and by DNA sequence analysis. The pea gene for this subunit was located in pea chloroplast DNA by using the wheat gene as a probe. The location was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of the products of coupled transcription-translation of cloned DNA with antiserum raised against the small subunits of pea photosystem I and by DNA sequence analysis. The deduced amino acid sequences of the pea and wheat proteins are identical in seventy-six out of the eighty-one amino acid residues. There are nine conserved cysteine residues, eight of which are arranged in the primary structure in a similar way to those in bacterial ferredoxins containing two 4Fe-4S centres, suggesting that the polypeptide binds iron sulphur centres A and B of photosystem I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027388
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution and systematic relationships in theTriticeae (Poaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 1-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Systematics ; phylogeny ; cladistic ; phytogeography ; isozyme analyses ; chromosome pairing ; DNA analyses ; relationships ; molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution and taxonomic relationships in theTriticeae are discussed with the view to highlight aspects of this agronomically important group of plants, which may be of interest to molecular biology. Some of these aspects are addressed in more detail in adjoining papers in which specific genomic loci have been examined at the DNA sequence or isozyme level. Aspects discussed include the systematics and geographic distribution of theTriticeae species, isozyme and chromosome pairing studies on some of the species as well as more recent developments in DNA analyses. A survey of the systematics of theTriticeae indicated that the genomic system ofLöve is probably the most useful starting point for interpreting molecular data even though the system has many problems from a taxonomic point of view. The geographical distribution ofTriticeae species, using both published and unpublished data, suggested that information of this type taken together with the theory of continental drift provides a broad time-span for considering data from DNA sequence studies. The significance, and modes of analyses, of isozyme studies were assessed because they often provide valuable characters in determining relationships between species. The main character underlyingLöve's andDewey's analyses of theTriticeae, namely chromosome pairing, is discussed with particular reference to isozyme studies to show that in some cases, such as species ofHordeum sensu lato, consistent relationships are obtained. Finally, new developments in understanding chromosome structure are considered in relation to the above variables in the taxonomy and evolution of theTriticeae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936706
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of rye (Secale cereale) 350-family DNA sequences inAgropyron and otherTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Secale cereale ; Agropyron cristatum ; 350-family DNA sequences ; R and P genome ; in situ hybridization ; Nor-loci ; 5 S-DNA loci ; relationship ; chromosome pairing ; isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is presented that in the R and P genomes (Secale cereale andAgropyron cristatum, respectively) of theTriticeae there exist closely related 350-family DNA sequences in the terminal heterochromatin. This observation is compared to the relationships between these two genomes derived from a comparison of theNor and5 S DNA loci as well as the available data on morphological characters, chromosome pairing, and isozyme studies. It is concluded that the R and P genomes are not closely related and that the common presence of very similar 350-family DNA sequences reflects the parallel amplification of this family of DNA sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936710
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA sequence analyses of the ribosomal spacer regions in theTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 91-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Ribosomal DNA spacer regions ; phenetic and molecular relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced from a range of species from the tribeTriticeae. One region, the central spacer, was found to be more divergent in sequence than the other, the 18 S-spacer junction. Both regions contained sequences 20–30 bp long which were more highly conserved than the remainder of the region and their possible significance in rDNA expression is discussed. Phenetic relationships based on the sequence data were generally consistent with the relationships based on other criteria. Species possessing the S, E, J1J2, D, and B genomes clustered together, with the H genome species being the most distinct of those examined. The R, P, and V genome species occupy an intermediate position in the overall pattern of relationships. Some relationships differed in detail from those established by other parameters, for example the position of the N genome species, and explanations for discrepancies of this type are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936712
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    The flavonoids ofBalanites aegyptiaca (Balanitaceae) from Egypt (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Zygophyllaceae ; Balanitaceae ; Balanites aegyptiaca ; Chemosystematics ; quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six flavonoid glycosides: quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside; 3-glucoside, 3-rutinoside, 3-7-diglucoside and 3-rhamnogalactoside of isorhamnetin were extracted and identified from the leaves and branches of Egyptian material ofBalanites aegyptiaca. Only isorhamnetin: 3-rutinoside and 3-rhamnogalactoside were recorded from the fruits of the same plant.—Phytochemical aspects ofBalanites aegyptiaca and some genera ofZygophylaceae s. l. viz.Nitraria, Fagonia, Zygophyllum, Seetzenia andTribulus support its affinities with that family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936042
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Putative genome donors ofArachis hypogaea (Fabaceae), evidence from crosses with synthetic amphidiploids (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Arachis hypogaea ; Amphidiploids ; chromosome pairing ; genome ; putative ancestors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome pairing, pollen and pod fertility in hybrids between cultivated tetraploidArachis hypogaea and 15 synthetic amphidiploids from 8 diploid species (7 of the A genome and 1 of the B genome) of sect.Arachis have been utilized for the identification of putative genome donors in the evolution of cultivatedA. hypogaea. These results, in conjunction with evidence from morphological similarities, phytogeographical distribution and some phytochemical features, confirm the segmental amphidiploid origin ofA. hypogaea. A. batizocoi andA. duranensis are suggested as the donors of the B genome and the A genome respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936041
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  • 14
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    Taxonomical investigations onHelleborus viridis s. l. (Ranunculaceae) in Northern Italy (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ranunculaceae ; Helleborus viridis subsp.viridis and subsp.occidentalis ; H. odorus subsp.laxus. ; Range of distribution ; taxonomy ; Flora of Northern Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxon commonly namedHelleborus viridis in Lombardy (NW. Italy) differs from both, subsp.viridis and subsp.occidentalis, and is shown to fall within the variation range ofH. odorus subsp.laxus which has been reported so far for NE. Italy only. TrueH. viridis within Italy grows only in the Maritime Alps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936045
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Typology of latex starch grains of certainEuphorbiaceae and their possible significance in systematics (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Euphorbiaceae ; Euphorbia ; Chamaesyce ; Latex starch grains ; phylogenetic and taxonomic implications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Latex starch grains of certain Indian species ofEuphorbiaceae belonging toEuphorbia, Chamaesyce, Pedilanthus, Synadenium andMonadenium have been studied. They exhibit distinct shapes in different taxa, i.e., rod, spindle, osteoid, dumb-bell and discoid. This helps i.a. in the taxonomic circumscription ofChamaesyce fromEuphorbia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936046
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  • 16
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    Germination behaviour in populations ofCapsella bursa-pastoris (Cruciferae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Capsella bursa-pastoris ; Adaptation ; germination behaviour in natural populations ; seed dormancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Germination behaviour of variousCapsella bursa-pastoris populations collected from Scandinavia, Middle Europe and the Alps, was tested in unheated, non-illuminated greenhouses (46 populations) and in growth chambers using 5–7 alternating temperature regimes (16 populations). For all populations, the influence of temperature on germination rate is straightforward: the higher the temperature, the greater the germination. Germination capacity, however, may depend on the geographical region. There is also a strong seed age effect on both, rate and capacity of germination. Once dormancy was broken, seeds from all populations were able to germinate over the entire range of temperatures. Some populations revealed a more or less pronounced temperature optimum for germination capacity, others germinated equally well over the entire temperature range. This indicates genetic heterogeneity between populations. However, no correlation between germinability and any environmental pattern was detected. The data indicate thatCapsella bursa-pastoris has adopted a germination strategy which includes a broad temperature tolerance. Germination of wildCapsella plants seems to be regulated by the factors contributing to the inception and breaking of dormancy which depend on pre- and postharvest conditions. Adaptation in germination behaviour inCapsella bursa-pastoris is different from that in other life history traits (flowering behaviour, growth form parameters).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936010
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  • 17
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    Differences in flavonoid constituents among the species ofFagonia sinaica complex (Zygophyllaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 87-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Zygophyllaceae ; Fagonia sinaica ; F. cretica ; F. tenuifolia ; Flavonoids ; chemosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight flavonol glycosides were detected in the three species of theFagonia sinaica complex. They were fully characterized as the 3-glucosides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin, 3-rutinoside of quercetin and 3,7-diglucoside of quercetin and isorhamnetin. Two additional glycosides were partially characterized as a kaempferol 3,7-diglycoside and quercetin 3-diglycoside.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936015
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  • 18
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    Cytochemical heterochromatin differentiation inSinapis alba (Cruciferae) using a simple air-drying technique for producing chromosome spreads (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cruciferae ; Sinapis alba ; Chromosome banding ; chromosome spreading method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fluorochrome and Giemsa chromosome banding patterns and the Ag-NOR histochemical staining ofSinapis alba are described. Two major types of heterochromatin can be distinguished, one of which contains GC-rich DNA. The observations are discussed as they relate to the known satellite DNAs ofS. alba. — A simple air-drying technique for producing spreads of plant mitotic chromosomes is presented. Different materials and staining techniques were tested showing that the method has wide applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936336
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    SC-formation in someAllium species, and a discussion of the significance of SC-associated structures and of the mechanisms for presynaptic alignment (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 117-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Allium montanum ; A. oleraceum ; A. sphaerocephalon ; Meiosis ; chromosome pairing ; synaptonemal complex ; homologous alignment ; pairing initiation ; telosynapsis ; axial thickenings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Earlier observations on synaptonemal complex (SC) formation inAllium are supplemented by data from diploidA. sphaerocephalon, pentaploidA. oleraceum and allotetraploidA. senescens. Accumulating information about structures like lateral element thickenings and -doublings allows to draw conclusions about their nature. The occurrence of discrete intercalary and terminal homologous associations prior to synapsis is confirmed for a range ofAllium species and it is argued that they are a general phenomenon. Several hypotheses on homologous recognition and/or attraction are discussed in the light of the observations on homologous alignment inAllium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936338
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  • 20
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    Karyological stability and microevolution of a cell suspension culture ofBrachycome dichromosomatica (Asteraceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Brachycome dichromosomatica ; Suspension cultures ; karyotype stability and mutation ; chromatin ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A long-term suspension culture ofBrachycome dichromosomatica (2n = 4) was induced from a cotyledon-derived callus. Subcultures were obtained every week up to three years. The bulk of the cultures displayed a stable diploid karyotype, while one cell line evolved with 2n = 5 chromosomes in the 86th reinoculation. No further chromosomal change occurred also in that cell line. It is assumed that the fifth chromosome is the expression of a trisomy 2. The chromatin ultrastructure was of the species-specific chromomeric type in the wild-type line, while the trisomic line displayed more condensed chromatin, what probably indicates a rather inactive state of the extra-chromosome.Brachycome dichromosomatica is suggested to represent an ideal species to follow-up karyotype stability and/or variation in cell culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936339
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    The position and growth of lateral roots on cultured root axes of tomato,Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 141-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Lateral root ; root primordium ; roots in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Root axes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were cultured in vitro in three different concentrations of sucrose in order to vary their growth rate. Lateral root growth and the initiation of lateral root primordia were studied on each group of axes. Various aspects of primordium initiation, positioning, and emergence were quantified with a view to discovering variable and constant features of these processes. Variable parameters were the rate and frequency of root primordium emergence. Constant parameters, at least under the prevailing conditions, were the spacing between successive laterals and primordia, and the position of the primordia in relation to the vascular system. A model of primordium initiation is presented which combines controls determined by the divisional history of the potential primordium cell and by the vascular pattern.
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    Karyology and systematics of the genusAmbavia and otherAnnonaceae from Madagascar (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 155-160 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliales ; Annonaceae ; Ambavia ; Polyalthia ; Xylopia ; Chromosome numbers ; karyomorphology ; systematics and evolution in tropical woody plants ; Flora of Madagascar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract New chromosome counts and nuclei structures are reported forAnnonaceae species from Madagascar:Ambavia (2n = 14),Xylopia (2n = 16) andPolyalthia (2n = 18). This first generic count ofAmbavia and its nucleotypic parameters underline its long term isolation from the African continent and it should be regarded as an extremely distinct member of the basic stock of AfricanAnnonaceae. Some karyological similarities are found with the African generaCleistopholis (2n = 14) andUvariopsis (2n = 16) and the AmericanTetrameranthus (2n = 14, 28). The karyology ofXylopia is completely in line with previous results from the Palaeo- and Neotropics.Polyalthia has 2n = 18, and x = 9, probably the only base number within the whole genus. Fluorochrome and Giemsa-C-band patterns are identical with different congeneric species.
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    Chromosome numbers in AustralianEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 161-164 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Euphrasia ; Chromosome numbers ; Flora of Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers for six Australian taxa ofEuphrasia have been determined. Improved staining techniques have shown that numbers for four of the taxa published previously by the first author were incorrect. The investigated taxa show high ploidy levels with an apparent base number of x = 11, the same as for the genus outside Australia.
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    Pollen morphology of the cypripedioid orchids (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 158 (1988), S. 165-182 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; cypripedioid orchids ; Paphiopedilum ; Cypripedium ; Phragmipedium ; Selenipedium ; Pollen morphology ; sporoderm ; aperture ; exine ; intine ; evolution of the sporoderm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollen morphology of the four traditional genera (Paphiopedilum, Selenipedium, Cypripedium, Phragmipedium) comprising the cypripedioid orchids indicates that the monads are sulcate, more or less smooth-surfaced, and covered by a non-acetolysis resistant layer called elastoviscin. Evidence from ultrathin sections of pollen grains shows that typical exine layers are present only inSelenipedium, modified inPhragmipedium and absent inPaphiopedilum and most species ofCypripedium; that a small, inconspicuous portion of the grain surface is constructed as a sulcus; and that the pollen grain wall acts as a sponge in rapidly absorbing water. Several instances of parallelisms between non-related families and among different groups of orchids are reported and new ideas on the evolution of theCypripedioideae are presented.
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    C-banding patterns in the AustralianBulbine (Liliaceae): The annual group,B. semibarbata s. lato (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 1-17 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Asphodelaceae ; Bulbine semibarbata ; B. alata ; Heterochromatin ; C-banding patterns ; polyploids ; karyotype evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome C-band patterns have been studied in 34 populations of the Australian annualBulbine group, which comprises 4x (2n = 26, 28), 8x (2n = 52, 54) and 12x (2n = 78) populations. The 2n = 26B. semibarbata populations have a simple, low heterochromatin pattern with very minor polytypic variation. The 2n = 28 populations, corresponding morphologically to a group given separate status asB. alata, are similar in pattern but exhibit pronounced enhancement of telomeric and, more particularly, centromeric dot bands. NOR heterochromatin and satellites are difficult to identify inB. alata but appear to occur in different positions from the 26-chromosome karyotype. Eastern Australian 8 x patterns are consistent with a proposed hybrid ancestry,B. semibarbata ×B. alata. Annual and perennial C-band profiles in the AustralianBulbine are discussed briefly in relation to the “additive” and “transformation” models of heterochromatin evolution and to the possible adaptive significance of variation in heterochromatin content.
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    Floral evolution and phylogeny in the tribeThelymitreae (Orchidaceae: Neottioideae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 19-47 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Neottioideae ; Thelymitreae ; Calochilus ; Epiblema ; Thelymitra ; Pollination ; floral mimicry ; deception ; evolution of orchids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Australian orchid tribeThelymitreae, composed ofCalochilus, Epiblema, andThelymitra, is unique in theOrchidaceae because of the presence of a mitra or staminodal complex. Evidence from floral structure suggests thatEpiblema andThelymitra are sister genera and thatCalochilus is derived from aThelymitra ancestor. A “Gene Pool Vortex” model and a hypothetical phylogeny illustrate that introgressive hybridization, allopatry, and long distance dispersal have played a major role in the evolution of the tribe. Pollination and hybridization in the tribe are discussed with major emphasis on floral mimicry.
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    Distyly and incompatibility inVillarsia congestiflora (Menyanthaceae), with comparative remarks onV. capitata (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 81-83 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Menyanthaceae ; Villarsia ; Distyly ; incompatibility ; seed set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Western Australian annual of restricted distribution,Villarsia congestiflora, has distylous flowers and pollen-size heteromorphism. Results of a crossing program indicate that this species is strongly self-incompatible, that crosses among individuals of the same morph produce little or no seed, and that intermorph crosses produce copious seed. The species shares a number of morphological and ecological traits withV. capitata, another distylous, self-incompatible annual species of Western Australia with a greater area of distribution. Artificial hybrids between the two, however, showed reduced pollen stainability. Both species combine a number of specialized morphological features with a breeding system that is primitive for the familyMenyanthaceae.
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    Karyosystematics and evolution of AustralianAnnonaceae as compared withEupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, andAustrobaileyaceae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 49-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Magnoliidae ; Annonaceae ; Eupomatiaceae ; Austrobaileyaceae ; Himantandraceae ; Chromosome numbers ; banding patterns ; interphase nuclei ; DNA-content ; ecology ; systematics and evolution in primitive Angiosperms ; Flora of NE. Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome counts are presented for 12 genera and 20 species of AustralianAnnonaceae (all diploid with 2n = 16 or 18; Table 1) and two species ofEupomatiaceae (2n = 20, partly from Papua New Guinea). Detailed studies on interphase nuclear structure, condensing behaviour of chromosomes, and fluorochrome and Giemsa C-banding patterns also includeHimantandraceae (Galbulimima) andAustrobaileyaceae. — Eupomatiaceae completely correspond withAnnonaceae karyologically, their base number 2n = 20 is interpreted to have evolved from 2n = 18 by ascending dysploidy from common ancestors.Eupomatia laurina andE. benettii differ in DNA and constitutive heterochromatin (hc) quantity; their evolution from high to low DNA content probably corresponds to general progressions inMagnoliidae. Austrobaileya has nuclei of the presumably primitive “Tetrameranthus type” which is closely related to that ofGalbulimima and several other primitive taxa inMagnoliidae. Karyomorphology and other characters support the maintainance of two main branches within theMagnoliidae, Laurales andMagnoliales, withAustrobaileya probably intermediate; theWinteraceae appear more remote.—InAnnonaceae the reestablishment ofAncana is underlined by its chromosome number (2n = 18) the unexpected and specialized disulcate pollen, and various morphological characters which point to a close alliance with the Australian endemic generaFitzalania andHaplostichanthus (also disulcate) and the American genus pairSapranthus/Desmopsis; they are united in the provisionalSapranthus tribe, with a more distant position toFissistigma s. str. (2n = 16). AustralianAnnonaceae exhibit a high generic and a low species diversity; they can be considered as an ± old and partly impoverished outpost of the family with phytogeographical relationships to Asia, Africa and America.—On the base of field observations three main types of floral development inAnnonaceae are proposed, the most elaborated one found in the fly pollinated genusPseuduvaria. The growth form change from shrubs to lianas during the ontogeny ofDesmos andMelodorum, the vegetative propagation of anAncana species and the ecological and evolutionary patterns of the taxa investigated are discussed.
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    Pollination biology ofOpuntia polyacantha andOpuntia phaeacantha (Cactaceae) in southern Colorado (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 85-94 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cactaceae ; Opuntia polyacantha ; O. phaeacantha ; Pollination biology ; phenology ; compatibility ; pollinator fauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phenology, compatibility system, and pollinator fauna ofOpuntia polyacantha Haw. andO. phaeacantha Engelm. in southern Colorado were studied and compared. The total blooming periods overlap, but the peak of blooming differs between the species withO. polyacantha blooming first and for longer. Neither species is apomictic,O. polyacantha is largely self-incompatible andO. phaeacantha is self-compatible but may not automatically fully self-pollinate. Examination of flowering structures showed that the former has larger flowers with more perianth parts and heavier (but fewer) anthers. Further the flowers of the allogamous species are visited by greater diversity (but similar abundance) of pollinators. Medium to large bees of the generaDiadasia, Lithurge, Melissodes, Bombus, Agapostemon andMegachile were found to be effective pollinators of the Opuntias studied. The two species were compared as to their floral attributes, breeding systems, and pollinators, and the possible role of competition for pollinators is discussed with respect to its role in their evolutionary paths.
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    Rotala cookii: A new species ofLythraceae from India showingHippuris syndrome (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 141-144 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lythraceae ; Rotala ; “Hippuris syndrome”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new aquatic species ofRotala (Rotala cookii) is described from Kerala, India. Growing in the flooded lowlands, along the coastal belt, the plant is a “Hippuris mimic”.
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    A new name and a new species in MexicanRuellia (Acanthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 161-163 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Acanthaceae ; Ruellia mirandana nom. nov. ; R. tuxtlensis spec. nova ; Taxonomy ; flora of Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Based on pollen and floral morphology,Blechum grandiflorum is transferred toRuellia, and the nameR. mirandana is proposed for this species. A new species,Ruellia tuxtlensis, is described which is distinguishable fromR. mirandana by its longer spike and elliptic bracts. It is presently known only from the lowlands of Veracruz, Mexico.
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    Isoenzyme variation in the generaPhaseolus andVigna (Fabaceae) in relation to their systematics: Aspartate aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 145-159 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Phaseolus ; Vigna ; Vigna subg.Catiang ; stat. nov. ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; superoxide dismutase ; isoenzymes ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evolutionary variation of aspartate aminotransferase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in 14 wild and cultivated species ofPhaseolus andVigna has been studied by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The American cultivated beans of the genusPhaseolus s. str.,P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. lunatus andP. acutifolius, form a homogeneous group with only minor isoenzyme variation. The genusVigna, on the contrary, proves to be heterogeneous in isozyme characters. Several clusters of taxa can be distinguished in close correspondence with modern treatments of the genus. The isoenzyme data support the inclusion of the Asian Azuki beans of subg.Ceratotropis inVigna, but argue against the transfer of the S. American speciesP. adenantha. The cowpea complexV. unguiculata s. lato of sect.Catiang forms an uniform and isolated group, distinct from other sections of subg.Vigna, and shows affinity toPhaseolus s. str. by some isoenzymes. It is suggested to removeV. unguiculata s. lato from subg.Vigna and to recognize it as a separate subg.Catiang (DC.)Jaaska & Jaaska, stat. nov.
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    Additional chromosome numbers inPelargonium (Geraniaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 165-171 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Geraniaceae ; Pelargonium ; Chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitotic chromosome counts were made from field collected and subsequently cultivated plants of 61Pelargonium species from 14 sections. The 33 new results are presented. 47 of the species have a basic number of x = 11, nine spp. of x = 9 and five spp. of x = 8. 17 spp. are polyploid. In two sections species with different basic numbers occur, which is of interest for the subgeneric classification. The size of the chromosomes varies between the investigated species. Most but not all species with x = 11 have short, those with x = 8, 9 large, and only exceptionally short chromosomes. Within sections chromosome size is not always uniform. The relationship between the different basic chromosome numbers is discussed.
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    The reproductive biology of the genusBaldellia (Alismataceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 173-183 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Alismataceae ; Baldellia ; Reproductive biology ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reproductive biology of the genusBaldellia was studied under cultivation and in nature.B. ranunculoides subsp.repens is self-incompatible whereasB. ranunculoides subsp.ranunculoides andB. alpestris are self-compatible. Bud-pollination occurs in theB. alpestris. Self-incompatibility correlates with the production of fewer, larger, more showy flowers, higher pollen production (but reduced pollen grain size), fewer carpels and smaller seeds. Resource allocation to sexual reproduction is inversely correlated with the degree of vegetative growth.B. ranunculoides subsp.repens produces more ramets than subsp.ranunculoides, which reproduces mainly by seeds.B. alpestris is intermediate between the two since it is self-compatible, produces fewer, larger seed than subsp.ranunculoides and is also able to propagate by vegetative means.
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    Cytotaxonomic analysis of the Himalayan species of the genusTorilis (Apiaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 185-192 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Apiaceae ; Torilis ; Cytotaxonomy ; phylogeny ; Flora of Kashmir Himalayas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome studies of four HimalayanTorilis species reveal a remarkable interand intraspecific differentiation of chromosome numbers and karyotypes:T. arvensis (2n = 12),T. leptophylla (2n = 12),T. Stocksiana (2n = 36) andT. japonica (2n = 16). Base numbers inTorilis are x = 6, 8, 9 and 11.
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    The cytogeographical distribution pattern ofAllium (Alliaceae) in the Greek Peninsula and Islands (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 193-215 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Alliaceae ; Allium ; Distribution ; historical phytogeography ; chromosome number ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Greece is considered as a secondary centre of evolution for the genusAllium since it possesses about 50% of the species known from the whole Flora Europaea area. In the present investigation 44 GreekAllium spp. have been studied and new chromosome counts are reported from 40 populations and 17 species. The distribution of the different cytotypes (x = 7, x = 8, x = 11 and 2n = 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x) in Greece is discussed. From the four phytogeographical subdivisions recognized, South continental Greece shows the greatest species and karyotype diversity. This phenomenon is probably due to the geographical position and to the geological history of this area which has received species and populations from different directions. Subsequently, hybridization apparently has been of evolutionary importance.
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    Intergeneric relationships ofLolium, Festuca, andVulpia (Poaceae) and their phylogeny (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 217-227 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Lolium ; Festuca ; Vulpia ; Morphology ; protein electrophoresis ; numerical systematics ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological and seed protein analyses of 26 species of the generaLolium, Festuca andVulpia confirmed their close systematic affinities. Six inflorescence characters readily differentiatedFestuca fromLolium. Protein similarities betweenFestuca of sect.Bovinae and cross-pollinated species ofLolium, coupled with cytogenetic and crossability data, substantiate that they should be united into one genus.Vulpia had phenetic similarities with sect.Scariosae, Montanae andOvinae ofFestuca. Lolium, Festuca, andVulpia are most likely derived from a common ancestral form which was close toFestuca pratensis andLolium perenne.
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    The karyotypes ofMicroseris bigelovii, M. douglasii, andM. pygmaea (Asteraceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 249-256 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Microseris bigelovii ; M. douglasii ; M. pygmaea ; Basespecific fluorochromes ; C-banding ; karyotype analysis ; silver-NOR staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of the three annuals,Microseris bigelovii, M. douglasii andM. pygmaea, consist of 2n = 18, small, submetacentric chromosomes. Length, centromere position, C-banding pattern, silver staining of NOR's, and the use of base specific fluorochromes, allow the identification of four of the nine chromosome pairs. The banding pattern ofM. bigelovii andM. pygmaea is identical, but intraspecific differences are found between strains ofM. douglasii.
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    Morphometric analysis of disjunctPapaver radicatum (Papaveraceae) populations in southern Norway (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 237-247 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Papaveraceae ; Papaver radicatum ; Canonical variates analysis ; cluster analysis ; geographic differentiation ; isolated populations ; Flora of Southern Norway ; the refugium controversy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphometric relationships between populations ofPapaver radicatum within the southern Norwegian mountains were investigated using canonical variates analysis andWard's clustering on capsule and leaf character sets. The survey describes patterns of variation among 13 wild-scored populations from five geographically disjunct localities, usually assigned to five races or subspecies. Our results from wild-collected material largely support earlier findings based on univariate statistics on cultivated material. In general, populations from within a disjunct locality (=subspecies) are most similar to other populations from the same locality. However, the subspecies vary in the degree to which they are differentiated in capsule morphology. The subsp.groevudalense populations are morphologically close to the main group of subsp.ovatilobum populations. Subspp.intermedium andoeksendalense are clearly distinct from one another and from the other subspecies, whereas the single subsp.gjaerevolli population is more similar to theovatilobum/groevudalense complex. Variation in leaf characters showed only partial congruence with variation in capsule characters. The pattern of morphological relationships among the subspecies is thus more complex than previously thought. The subspecies may have become differentiated during a period of isolation, but such results alone cannot indicate the duration of such a period.
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    Phenetic relationships inClerodendrum (Verbenaceae) and some phylogenetic considerations (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 257-271 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Verbenaceae ; Viticoideae ; Chlerodendrum ; Morphology ; numerical taxonomy ; phenetics ; phylogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cluster analyses by different methods and a minimum spanning tree were used to study phenetic relationships in the genusChlerodendrum. 129 species were scored for 52 morphological characters corresponding to 119 character states. The phenetic results suggest a classification into 7 distinct groups, which may be grouped into two subgenera. This classification is supported by the iridoid distribution as well as by some phylogenetic considerations.
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    Pollen-ovule patterns in tribeTrifolieae (Leguminosae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 195-205 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabaceae ; Leguminosae ; Medicago ; Trigonella ; Melilotus ; Trifolium ; Parochetus ; Ononis ; Pollen ; pollination ; ovule ; adaptation ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Relative pollen and ovule production in the genera of the legume tribeTrifolieae is explored particularly as to howMedicago with its explosive pollination mechanism compares with its allies.Medicago produces much larger, although much fewer pollen per ovule than the other five genera in the tribe; this is interpreted as a consequence of its highly specialized, irreversible pollination mechanism, which allows only one effective exchange of pollen with pollinators.Melilotus andTrifolium produce a comparatively large quantity of pollen; this can be related to their floral characteristics requiring abundant pollen to achieve fertilization. InMedicago andTrigonella, annuals convert a higher proportion of pollen grains and ovules into seeds than perennials.
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    Apomixis versus sexuality in blackberries (Rubus subgen.Rubus, Rosaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 207-218 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rosaceae ; Rubus ; Apomixis ; pseudogamy ; crossing experiments ; meiotic disturbances ; pollen fertility ; seed set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract InRubus L. a connection seems to exist between the degree of meiotic disturbances on the one hand, and the production of unreduced embryo sacs, pollen fertility and relative seed set on the other hand. Severe meiotic disturbances commonly encountered in apomictic taxa decrease pollen fertility and thereby seed set since pollen is necessary for endosperm development. By contrast interspecific hybrids between apomictic taxa appear to be sexual and exhibit high pollen fertilities, probably due to an improved meiosis. Thus, apomixis leads to a decreased fertility inRubus, not the opposite, as often discussed.
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    Perianth development inAngophora and the bloodwood Eucalypts (Myrtaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 219-239 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Angophora ; Eucalyptus ; bloodwoods ; Floral morphology ; perianth development ; operculum ; growth centres ; continuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The petals ofAngophora flowers are compound structures consisting of two morphologically distinct components that develop along separate morphogenetic pathways. These two components are also evident in the corolline parts of the bloodwood eucalypts. In occasional flowers ofAngophora and some bloodwoods, several adjacent corolline primordia may become continuous due to interprimordial growth, but the petals are mostly free at anthesis. In other bloodwood eucalypt species all the primordia in the corolline whorl become continuous at some stage in development, resulting in an operculum that is anatomically unresolvable into its original petaline parts. The varying degrees of this continuity that are evident within individual trees (and even within single flowers) suggests that operculum formation is an epigenetic event that is determined by morphogenetic processes within the flower. It is suggested that these may relate to differing rates of growth in different regions of the bud.
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    Pollen evolution and systematics inAnnonaceae with special reference to the disulcate Australian endemic genera (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 1-12 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Ancana ; Fitzalania ; Haplostichanthus ; Fissistigma ; Disulcate pollen ; exine ultrastructure ; pollen evolution in primitive Angiosperms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract All genera ofAnnonaceae endemic in Australia (Ancana, Fitzalania, Haplostichanthus) show almost exactly the same type of disulcate (disulculate) pollen with intact exine extending over the sulci. Tetrad stages inHaplostichanthus andAncana reveal a latudinal subequatiorial orientation of the two sulci at the proximal hemisphere. Sometimes they fuse into a ±zonosulcate aperture.Fissistigma pollen grains are ±globose and have a flattened pole with a central elevation and a concentric groove, covered by a somewhat reduced exine. This palynological characters give further support for separating the generaAncana andFissistigma. Germination was observed inHaplostichanthus where the pollen tube emerges at one of the two sulci and inFissistigma where the flattened part breaks up during germination. The aperture types described here are obviously transitional stages between aperturate and inaperturate pollen grains and are discussed in regard to pollen evolution.
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    Biochemical and morphological evidence for host race evolution in desert mistletoe,Phoradendron californicum (Viscaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 13-21 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Fabales ; Viscaceae ; Phoradendron californicum ; Acacia greggii ; Prosopis glandulosa ; Electrophoresis ; allozymes ; isozymes ; host race evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Allozymes and morphological characters were used to test whether host race evolution—the genetic divergence of parasitic populations caused by adaptation to different host species—has occurred in desert mistletoe,Phoradendron californicum. Populations ofPhoradendron californicum from two hosts,Acacia greggii andProsopis glandulosa, were surveyed from the Mojave and Colorado deserts. Electrophoretic data indicated genetic differentiation of mistletoes occurring on these hosts. Three of four morphological characters (internode length, main shoot lateral shoot diameter ratio and berry color) also showed significant host-specific differentiation. These data support the hypothesis that host race formation has occurred or is occurring in this parasitic angiosperm.
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    A phenetic study ofFritillaria (Liliaceae) in Greece (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 23-34 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Fritillaria ; Numerical taxonomy ; phenetics ; Flora of Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 40 population samples of 17 GreekFritillaria species were examined morphologically using 22 attributes carefully selected, with a high discriminating ability. Principal component analysis with a nearest neighbour directed network and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the phenetic similarities among the species. The evidence presented here suggests: (1) A close relationship betweenF. erhartii andF. obliqua and their possible origin fromF. bithynica. (2) A strong alliance betweenF. rixii, F. euboeica, F. carica, andF. drenovskii (groupF. sibthorpiana). (3) A link between theF. epirotica andF. graeca group and some affinities betweenF. pontica, F. gussichiae, andF. graeca. Finally it is proposed thatF. tuntasia be reduced to subspecific status asF. obliqua subsp.tuntasia.
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    Micromorphology of epicuticular waxes in Centrosperms (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 71-85 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Caryophyllales ; Centrospermae ; Cuticle ; micromorphology ; scanning electron microscopy ; systematics ; taxonomy ; wax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal surfaces of about 500 species from some 250 genera of centrospermous families plus some possibly related families were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of their epicuticular waxes is described under taxonomic aspects. In general, Centrosperms tend to develop wax platelets on their cuticle. Shape and size of these platelets are highly diverse, but specific for some taxa. Particular forms of rodlets and thick wax plates occur only in few taxa. The systematic and taxonomic applicability of wax micromorphology is limited, but tentatively family characterizations are given. The data presented provide additional information concerning the familiar and suprafamiliar classification ofCaryophyllales.
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    Relationships betweenNor-loci from differentTriticeae species (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 77-89 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevi ; T. monococcum ; Dasypyrum villosum ; B, G, S, A, V genomes ; Nor-loci ; DNA-DNA hybridization ; spacer rDNA sequences ; molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract TheNor-loci of polyploid wheats and their putative diploid progenitor species were assayed by probing isolated nuclear DNA with ribosomal DNA spacer sequences (spacer rDNA sequences, isolated by cloning), from theNor-loci of genomes B (Triticum aestivum), G (T. timopheevi), B (syn. S,T. speltoides), A (T. monococcum) and V (Dasypyrum villosum). DNA samples for analysis were digested with the restriction endonuclease Taq 1 and assayed by DNA-DNA hybridization under standard (37°C) and high stringency (64°C) conditions. The assay procedure emphasized differences between the divergent spacer sequences of the polyploid species and allowed relative homologies to the respective sequences in diploid species to be established. — The studies indicated thatT. timopheevi andT. speltoides contain different sets of spacer rDNA sequences which were readily distinguishable and, in the case ofT. timopheevi, assigned toNor-loci on different chromosomes. This contrast with the spacer rDNA sequences of the majorNor-loci on chromosomes 1 B and 6 B inT. aestivum, which were difficult to distinguish and were deduced to contain very similar sequences. Among the diploid progenitor species only the spacer rDNA fromT. speltoides shared close homology with polyploid wheat species. OneNor-locus inT. timopheevi (on chromosome 6 G) did not show close homology with any of the rDNA spacer probes available. — The data suggestsT. speltoides was the origin of someNor-loci for both theT. timopheevi andT. turgidum lines of tetraploid wheats. The possibility that the 6GNor-locus inT. timopheevi may have derived from an unknown diploid species by introgressive hybridization is discussed. The spacer rDNA sequence probe fromT. monococcum shared good homology with some accessions ofD. villosum and a line ofT. dicoccoides; the implications of this finding for evolution of present-day wheats are discussed.
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    Frequent duplication and deletion events in the 5S RNA genes and the associated spacer regions of theTriticeae (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 105-122 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; 5 S DNA sequence analyses ; duplication and deletion events ; phenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 5 S DNA units from 15 grasses in theTriticeae were analysed at the DNA sequence level. Four units carried duplications near the 3′-end of the 5 S RNA gene with 3 of the duplications centred on the same base pairs as a duplication previously reported byGerlach & Dyer. The fourth duplication was located 3′ downstream from the gene, in the spacer region. Apparent deletions were very frequent when units of the different grasses were compared and it was clear that these deletions did not extend into a 75 bp spacer region upstream from the 5 S RNA gene. This 75 bp region also tended to be more conserved between the grasses as compared to the high level of sequence change in the rest of the spacer region. — Phenetic relationships were established between the grasses using the sequence data. The relationships were generally consistent with the data from other parameters and, in addition, showed that two Australian grasses were closely related to the other Northern hemisphere genera examined. The data concerning the Australian grasses is discussed in relation to the isolated nature of Australia.
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    Variation at isozyme loci inTriticeae (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 123-142 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Evolution ; isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An electrophoretic comparison of variation at 16 presumptive isozyme gene loci was performed for 17 species from the tribeTriticeae. Included in the analysis were annuals and perennials, and self- and cross-pollinating species, representing the H, I, P, N, R, V, S, E, J, J1J2, A, B, and D genomes. Perennial species were found to contain a significantly (marginally, at the 5% level) higher proportion of polymorphic loci and level of heterozygosity, than annual species. There were no significant differences between self- and crosspollinating species. Across all species, mean heterozygosity levels ranged from 0–0.225 and the % polymorphic loci from 6.3–56.3%. Genetic distance estimates varied from 0.08–0.39 for congeneric species. Relationships were deduced between the 17 species using phenetic and cladistic analyses and compared with relationships inferred from other parameters such as morphology and nucleotide sequence data. In general, the trees derived from the various relationships were concordant; the evolutionary basis for minor discrepancies between trees is also discussed.
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    Studies in the embryology of the diandrous orchidCypripedium cordigerum (Cypripedieae, Orchidaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 159-168 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Cypripedieae ; Cypripedium cordigerum ; Embryology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anther wall layers ofCypripedium cordigerum are six to eight. The glandular tapetum is 2- or 3-layered and its cells are uninucleate. Simultaneous cytokinesis results in decussate, isobilateral and tetrahedral pollen tetrads. Ripe pollen grains are 2-celled. The mature ovules are anatropous, bitegmic and tenuinucellate. Both the integuments are dermal in origin and 2-layered. The inner integument alone forms the micropyle. The female gametophyte is 6-nucleate and bisporic. The reduction of nuclei is due to the “strike” phenomenon. Double fertilization occurs. The primary endosperm nucleus divides to form two free endosperm nuclei. The mature embryo is undifferentiated. The cells ca, m and n contribute to the embryo. The suspensor is single-celled. The seed coat is formed entirely by the outer layer of the outer integument. There are three sterile and three fertile valves in the ovary. In the prefertilization stages these valves consist of parenchymatous cells with starch and raphides. After fertilization, the sterile valves develop sclerotic cells whereas the fertile valves remain parenchymatous. The pericarp structure and embryological features support the retention of tribeCypripedieae within theOrchidaceae.
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    Chromosome numbers of Western Australian species ofVillarsia (Menyanthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 49-52 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Menyanthaceae ; Villarsia ; Chromosome numbers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are reported for eight of the nine Western AustralianVillarsia species.Villarsia albiflora, V. calthifolia, V. capitata, V. congestiflora, V. lasiosperma, V. latifolia, andV. violifolia are diploid with n=9. Five populations ofV. parnassiifolia are diploid and three are tetraploid (n=18). The morphological, ecological, and breeding-system diversity of the Western Australian species is largely not associated with the tetraploidy or hexaploidy that characterizes otherVillarsia species in eastern Australia and South Africa. The majority of Western AustralianVillarsia species are restricted to the high rainfall zone of southwestern Western Australia, where favorable climatic and edaphic conditions may have existed since mid-late Tertiary times.
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    A new low chromosome number forOrnithogalum tenuifolium (Hyacinthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Liliaceae ; Hyacinthaceae ; Ornithogalum ; O. tenuifolium ; Evolution of karyotypes ; karyotype symmetry ; Robertsonian translocations ; C-bands ; new lower basic number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new chromosome number (2n=4) forOrnithogalum tenuifolium Delaroche is reported. The new chromosome race is postulated to have originated by a Robertsonian translocation from a Southern African chromosome race with six chromosomes, and represents thus the final step in a series of decreasing basic number of the species.
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    Aperture types withinSapranthus andPolyalthia (Annonaceae) (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 135-146 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; Polyalthia ; Sapranthus ; Pollen types: inaperturate ; omniaperturate ; sulcate ; disulcate ; germination zones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within the large palaeotropical genusPolyalthia so far five different pollen types are described (two monosulcate types, two disulcate types, and a single omniaperturate type). One of the disulcatePolyalthia types is similar to the disulcate neotropical genusSapranthus. All the newly described types differ predominantly not in exine but rather in intine characters. From this it can be concluded that seemingly “inaperturate” grains are disculcate in function, generally with two clearly recognizable germination zones, or omniaperturate, with the whole sporoderm capable of germination. The functions of the intine layers within the germination zones and within the nongerminating areas are very different and cooperate during the first germination steps in bursting the exine. It is difficult clearly to define the germination zones of pollen grains if the exine exhibits no modifications. Based on our and other results a more precise definition is suggested.
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    Genome relationships in theElytrigia group of the genusAgropyron (Poaceae) as indicated by seed protein electrophoresis (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 147-153 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Agropyron ; Thinopyrum ; Lophopyrum ; Polyploid complex ; isoelectric focusing ; protein profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Agropyron bessarabicum (2n = 14),A. rechingeri (2n = 28),A. junceiforme (2n = 28),A. elongatum (2n = 14),A. flaccidifolium (2n = 28) andA. scirpeum (2n = 28) were studied by isoelectric focusing of seed soluble proteins.—The protein profiles obtained from the six taxa showed a striking degree of similarity; typically they consist of 40 bands. No qualitative but only quantitative differences (in the intensity of some bands) were found.—Combined with the cytological information available these protein data indicate that the two polyploid complexes must be placed in the recently erected genusThinopyrum with the genome designations:T. bessarabicum Jj1 Jj1,T. sartorii (=A. rechingeri) Jj1 Jj1 Jj3 Jj3,T. junceiforme Jj1 Jj1 Jj2 Jj2,T. elongatum Je1 Je1,T. flaccidifolium Je1 Je1 Je1 Je1 andT. scirpeum Je1 Je1 Je2 Je2.
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    Non-equivalency of genera inAngiospermae: Evidence from DNA hybridization studies (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 155-168 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Compositae ; Umbelliferae ; Iridaceae ; DNA hybridization ; systematics ; rank of taxa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of taxa equivalency in phylogenetically distant groups can hardly be solved by comparing morphological differences alone. An attempt is made to approach the problem by means of DNA comparisons, e.g., DNA hybridization. Data obtained forCompositae, Umbelliferae andIridaceae indicate that both unique and repetitive DNA sequence comparisons lead to the conclusions that genera within these families are not equivalent, e.g., the differences in the DNA among the species ofIris are much more pronounced than among those ofAchillea; some genera ofUmbelliferae occupy an intermediate position.
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    Chemosystematics of theRutaceae: Suggestions for a more natural taxonomy and evolutionary interpretation of the family (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 97-134 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Rutaceae ; new circumscription and arrangement of subfamilies and tribes ; Chemotaxonomy ; alkaloids ; benzylisoquinolines ; anthranilate alkaloids ; coumarins ; limonoids ; evolutionary advancement ; evolutionary replacement ; evolutionary relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemosystematics ofRutaceae is reviewed on the basis of updated surveys of various secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic derivation. A comparison of these data with the morphological and geographical differentiation clearly shows that the current taxonomic arrangement of the family is to a large extent artificial and needs improvement. Starting from obviously “natural” groups of genera (or single genera) as “basic taxonomic entities” a new system with informal tribal names is suggested. In particular, the subfamilyToddalioideae is broken up altogether and its former members are rearranged among several of the 17 provisional tribes within the subfamilyRutoideae s. lat. Phylogenetic progressions can be recognized from parallel changes of morphological characters and biosynthetic pathways to secondary metabolites. As a general trend, a stepwise replacement of benzylisoquinolines by simple and complex anthranilic acid derived alkaloids, and eventually by coumarins and/or limonoids is confirmed. The available data are summarized in a discussion of the possible evolutionary relationships among theRutaceae, with theZanthoxylum- andEvodia-tribes in a central position.
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    Ribosomal RNA sequences for inferring phylogeny within the grass family (Poaceae) (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 29-37 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Evolution ; phylogenetic trees ; 18 S rRNA ; 26 S rRNA ; direct rRNA sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated RNA from nine different grass species and fromPsilotum, a modern representative of a primitive land plant lineage. By direct RNA sequencing with reverse transcriptase, we have determined the nucleotide sequence for five regions of the 18 S rRNA molecule and three regions of the 26 S rRNA molecule. Over 1 600 positions have been elucidated for each plant species. These sequences were aligned by computer and the variable positions were identified by inspection. The data from the variable positions were input into phylogenetic inference computer programs to generate an evolutionary relationship among the grass species. This evolutionary tree based on nucleotide sequence data was compared to a recent classification of thePoaceae based on morphological data.
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    Fractionation of alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amylase alleles from wheat in actinomycin-D/CsCl gradients (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 61-64 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticum ; Fractionation of alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amylase ; actinomycin-D/CsCl gradient ; cloning of alleles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amylase genes were fractionated and enriched in an actinomycin-D/CsCl gradient. The experiments illustrated may be of importance for cloning of DNA alleles in crop science.
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    Amplification and dispersion of repeated DNA sequences in theTriticeae (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 39-59 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Evolution ; dispersed repeated sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four representatives of a family of dispersed repetitive sequences which were prominent and dispersed in the E genome ofThinopyrum elongatum but poorly represented in wheat, were studied in detail. The 1.4kb sequences were present both as part of tandem and more complex arrays and appeared to have resulted from repeated amplification of the sequence and their dispersion throughout the genome. Subcloning of sections of the 1.4 kb sequences resulted in probes which improved the resolution of the E genome from the genomes in wheat and enabled identification of single E genome chromosomes introduced into wheat. The generality of these types of sequences in the tribeTriticeae was confirmed by isolating analogous sequences from the R (rye,Secale cereale), V (Dasypyrum villosum), and N (Psathyrostachys juncea) genomes. — The cloned repetitive sequences from the R, V, and N genomes each showed characteristic fluctuations in amount within the grasses examined in addition to being virtually absent from wheat. It is thus possible that these sequences may provide useful taxonomic indicators for establishing relationships within theTriticeae, as well as valuable probes for tracing alien chromatin introduced into wheat.
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    Taxonomy ofCarminatia (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) (1988)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 169-179 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Asteraceae ; Eupatorieae ; Carminatia ; Taxonomy ; new species ; Flora of Mexico
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A taxonomic study of the largely Mexican genusCarminatia is rendered. It is comprised of three closely related species:C. tenuiflora, C. recondita andC. anomala spec. nova. Illustrations, dot maps, keys to species and complete synonymy are presented.
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    Studies on systematic embryology inScilla (Hyacinthaceae) (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 161 (1988), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Hyacinthaceae ; Scilla persica ; Scilla hohenackeri group ; Embryology ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scilla persica and 5 species of the so-calledS. hohenackeri group, namely,S. furseorum, S. puschkinioides, S. vvedenskyi, S. hohenackeri, andS. greilhuberi, have been investigated embryologically with special reference to embryo sac and endosperm development.Polygonum-type embryo sac development was stated inS. puschkinioides andS. greilhuberi. 8-nucleate, normally structured embryo sacs, which could not be specified further due to sparse availability of the material, were stated inS. furseorum, S. vvedenskyi, andS. hohenackeri. InS. persica the embryo sac develops according to the bisporicAllium-type. In most species endosperm development was stated to be nuclear, exceptS. hohenackeri, where the type could not be specified. Other traits of possible taxonomic significance are the number of layers in the outer integument, which is mostly 4, or 5–6 inS. furseorum, and the occurrence of polyploid versus haploid and early degenerating antipodal nuclei, the latter occurring only inS. persica andS. furseorum. These embryological characters may be useful for assessing taxonomic relationship of the present species with other allied groups withinScilla, in particular, theS. siberica alliance,S. messeniaca, and theS. bifolia alliance. TheAllium-type embryo sac, which occurs inS. persica, is also characteristic for theS. siberica alliance, and may be a common derived character. Lack of antipodal polyploidization, as characteristic forS. persica andS. furseorum, occurs also in theS. siberica alliance, and is perhaps another common derived trait indicating phylogenetic relationship. Nuclear endosperm development is more frequent in spring-flowering squills than helobial development, which has previously been stated inS. messeniaca, some species of theS. siberica alliance, and inS. litardierei. While helobial endosperm may be primitive forHyacinthaceae in general, it may, by reversal, also occur as a derived character, at least in some species of theS. siberica alliance.
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    Responses of wheat and barley genotypes to toxic concentrations of soil boron (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; boron toxicity ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth and yield of seven wheat and two barley cultivars or lines, previously found to show different degrees of boron tolerance under field conditions, were compared in a pot experiment at a range of soil boron treatments. Soil treatments ranged up to 150 mg/kg applied B. Extractable B in soils ranged up to 103 mg/kg. At the highest B treatment seedling emergence was delayed, but the percentage emergence was not reduced. The degree of boron toxicity symptom expression varied between the wheat cultivars and lines, with the two most tolerant, Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12, displaying the least symptoms. The concentration of boron applied to the soil which produced a significant depression of growth and yield varied between cultivars. For example, the yield of (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 was not affected at the 100 mg/kg applied boron treatment, while the grain yield for (Wl*MMC)/W1/10 was significantly reduced at the 25 mg/kg treatment. There was a linear increase in boron concentration in tillers at the boot-stage with increasing concentration of boron in the soil. The most boron tolerant genotypes had the lowest tissue boron concentrations in each of the treatments. Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had approximately half the boron concentrations of the more sensitive genotypes at the 25 and 50 mg/kg treatments. Differential tolerance of boron within the tissue was also observed. Both Stirling and (Wl*MMC)/W1/10 had significantly reduced total dry matter and grain yields at the 25 mg/kg treatment, while the concentrations of boron in boot stage tillers at this treatment were 118 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had tissue boron concentrations of 144 and 131 mg/kg, respectively, at the 50 mg/kg treatment but yield was unaffected. The relative responses in the pot experiment, for wheat, were in close agreement with field results. Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had the highest grain yields, with the lowest concentrations of boron in the grain when grown under high boron conditions in the field. In pots these two genotypes proved to be the most tolerant of boron. For barley the advantage in grain yield in the field, expressed by WI-2584 compared with Stirling, was not repeated in pots. WI-2584 was, however, more tolerant than Stirling on the basis of total dry matter production. The results show that useful variation in boron tolerance exists among wheat, and that breeding should be able to provide cultivars tolerant to high levels of boron.
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    Components of partial resistance to Leptosphaeria nodorum among seven soft red winter wheats (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 37 (1988), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; soft red winter wheat ; Leptosphaeria nodorum ; Septoria nodorum ; septoria nodorum blotch ; glume blotch ; components of partial resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seven soft red winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for partial resistance to Leptosphaeria nodorum under field conditions. The results demonstrate that resistance is available among cultivars that are adapted to the southeastern U.S. and that resistance is long lasting. Resistant cultivars had longer incubation and latent periods, slower rates of lesion development, and reduced the level of sporulation of L. nodorum. Seedlings of susceptible cultivars sustained severe disease with dew periods as short as 48 hr in greenhouse tests. One resistant cultivar sustained little damage with dew period as long as 144 hr. Latent period was shortest on the second leaf below the flag leaf (F-2 leaf) of all cultivars and longest on the flag leaf which reflected the effect of microclimate and leaf age. The range in length of latent period on the flag, F-1, and F-2 leaves of resistant cultivars was less than that for susceptible cultivars. Differences between cultivars were greatest (up to 6.8 days) for the F-2 leaf. A delay in production of inoculum on the F-2 and lower leaves of resistant cultivars should delay infection of the flag leaf and spike. The greatest differentiation among cultivars for sporulation of L. nodorum was on upper leaves at Feekes growth stage 11.2. ‘Oasis’ consistently had less sporulation than other cultivars at all sampling dates and leaf positions. The rate of disease progress up the plant (disease severity) and area under the disease progress curve were also least on ‘Oasis’. There were significant correlations among components of resistance and associated components suggesting that a single or interrelated mechanisms control expression of resistance. Overall, ‘Oasis’ was the most resistant cultivar followed by ‘Coker 762’ and ‘Coker 747’. There cultivars have remained resistant for ten or more years. ‘Stacy’ was intermediate in resistance and was the most variable of the seven cultivars for the components tested. ‘Holley’, ‘Omega 78’, and ‘Florida 301’ were highly susceptible by all criteria tested. Plant height was not a factor in resistance. The resistant cultivars are mostly later in maturity than the susceptible cultivars. In this study, crop maturity was similar under existing environmental conditions during the two seasons when most data were collected.
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    The gibberellic acid insensitive dwarfing gene from the wheat variety Saitama 27 (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; gibberellic acid insensitivity ; semi-dwarfness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetic analysis of a new weak source of GA-insensitivity derived from Saitama 27 showed that it was controlled by a single gene located on chromosome 4A and allelic to Rht1 and Rht3. the gene was shown to be present in many Italian and Yugoslavian varieties suggesting a selective advantage in some breeding programmes. Varietal comparisons indicated that the gene reduces height by around 11 per cent. This was combined with an increase in spikelet fertility and in the total number of grain developing in the ear. In this initial experiment a reduction in grain size eliminated the advantages of increased grain number. Following development of isogenic lines in a number of varietal backgrounds the true potential of the gene will be determined.
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    The effects of KNO3 concentration in callus induction medium for wheat anther culture (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: anther culture ; potassium nitrate ; pollen callus ; pollen plantlets ; albino ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract KNO3 concentration was found to significantly affect the anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). When KNO3 was increased from 0 to 15 mM (in cultivar Jinghua 1) or from 10 to 15 mM (in cultivars 2531-10, Xiaoyan 759 and Norin 10), the callus induction frequency increased significantly. When KNO3 was increased further above 20 mM, the callus induction frequency decreased significantly in all the tested cultivars. The subsequent frequency of green plantlet regeneration increased significantly, and the ratio of green to albino regenerants increased sharply when KNO3 concentration increased. Further experiments found that the decrease of callus induction frequency in the medium with too much KNO3 might be caused by NO3 - ion alone, while the effect of KNO3 on green plantlet regeneration might be caused by both K+ and NO3 - ions, and that the effects of NO3 - concentration were independent of NH4 + concentration in the medium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043102
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    Heritabilities and genetic variation for preharvest sprouting in progenies of Clark's Cream white winter wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; breeding ; preharvest sprouting ; heritability ; variation ; α-amylase ; falling number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Preharvest sprouting resistance is a major breeding criterion in many regions where white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is produced. Availability of genetic sources of sprouting resistance should significantly advance this goal. Objectives of the present investigation were to determine heritabilities and genetic variation of sprouting resistance in progeny of six susceptible genotypes and Clark's Cream, a cultivar with excellent sprouting resistance. Sixty-five randomly selected F2:F3 lines from the six parental combinations were evaluated in blocks-within-replication designs at two locations during 1984–85. Falling number, α-amylase activity, and sprouting percentage in simulated rain were usually more favorable in F2:F4 grain than in grain of the susceptible parents and frequently equalled levels in grain of the resistant parent. Broad sense heritability estimates were moderate to high for falling number and α-amylase activity, low to moderate for visual sprouting, and inconsistent for embryo germination in ABA. Phenotypic correlations with sprouting were significant most often for falling number and least often for the agronomic traits, days to heading and kernel weight. We concluded that increased preharvest sprouting resistance is an attainable objective when genetic sources of strong resistance and appropriate selection criteria, such as sprouting after simulated rain, are used.
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    Dormancy breaking procedures and the breeding of white-grained wheat with resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; dormancy ; gibberellic acid ; pre-harvest sprouting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Gibberellic acid, cold (4°C) and a combination of these two treatments were tested for use in breaking dormancy in 27 lines of white-grained wheat with varying levels of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. Germination increased in all lines treated with gibberellic acid. Dormancy could be broken with 1 μM gibberellic acid. Response to cold varied. A combination of gibberellic acid and cold treatment was the most effective. This technique has been found useful in treating seed in a breeding program aimed at producing wheats with resistance to pre-harvest sprouting.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039869
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    Agronomic and qualitative characteristics of ten bread wheat hybrids produced using a chemical hybridizing agent (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; hybrid ; heterosis ; bread making quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten experimental hybrids derived from the crossing of representative Italian pure-line varieties were grown at three locations in 1984–85. The amount of F1 seed produced from the crossings ranged from 1.5 up to 4 kg per plot of 20 m2. Hybrid purity was on average 88% when estimated through the growout test and 82% when estimated through acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) of gliadin. All the hybrids showed high-parent heterosis for plant height. Grain yield was higher in the hybrids (71.1 q/ha) than in the female parents (66.5 q/ha); the range of mid-parent heterosis being-10% to +17%. Four hybrids showed standard heterosis (yield advantage). The highest value (+6%) was obtained with the combinations Chiarano x Leopardo and Claudia x Leopardo. Among yield components, the number of spikelets/spike proved to be an important trait and may explain the superiority of the hybrids over the traditional varieties. The bread-making quality appeared intermediate to that of the parents or closer to that of the poorest parental variety.
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    Cereal cytogenetics in retrospect. What came true of some cereal cytogeneticists' pipe dreams? (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 7-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; cytogenetics ; chromosome identification ; gene localisation ; interspecific gene transfer ; chromosome elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Achievements and limitations regarding three aspects of cytogenetic research in barley and common wheat are illustrated and discussed. Unambiguous chromosome identification has become possible through the application of chromosome banding techniques, mainly C-banding, N-banding and Ag-banding. Gene localisation studies have yielded a vast amount of information regarding the genetic architecture of barley and wheat. Many genes have been allocated to specific chromosomes, and linkage studies have been carried out with some of these genes. There is growing evidence for a considerable discrepancy between distances on the genetic linkage maps and the physical maps of barley and wheat chromosomes. Although barley can be hybridised with most species of the genus Hordeum and with several species of related genera, interspecific gene transfer is very rare and barley breeding can presently make use of the gene pool of only one wild species, viz. H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum. For wheat breeding, the gene pools of species of the genus Triticum and species of related genera are accessible. Several methods have been developed to achieve gene transfer. Genome interactions in interspecific hybrids result in spatial separation of the parental genomes, in nucleolar competition, and sometimes in chromosome elimination and the formation of haploids.
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    Identification of rye genotypes resistant to biotypes B, C, E, and F of the greenbug (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 37 (1988), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticosecale ; Schizaphis graminum ; greenbug ; insect biotypes ; resistant germplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a serious pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and other small grains. Cultivar resistance would be an efficient means of control. Unfortunately, a paucity of greenbug resistance in wheat germplasm and occurrence of new virulent biotypes of the greenbug have made development of resistant cultivars difficult. Therefore, resistance genes are sought in species related to and crossable with wheat. Our objective was to evaluate, in greenhouse seedling tests, 11 rye (Secale cereale L.) accessions for their reaction to greenbug biotypes B, C, E, and F. Two ryes, CI 187 and PI 240675, segregated for resistance to all four biotypes. It may be possible to transfer this resistance to wheat. These resistance sources may also be of importance in rye and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) breeding.
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    Variation in epicuticular wax content in wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum var. durum ; durum wheat ; epicuticular wax ; spectral reflectance ; drought tolerance ; glaucousness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum) were evaluated for epicuticular wax content and its relationship with spectral reflectance. Epicuticular wax is associated with drought tolerance. Highly significant differences (1.51 to 2.80 mg/dm2) were found in the amount of epicuticular wax (EW) among the cultivars. Water stress significantly enhanced the level of EW. EW content under stress and control conditions were positively correlated (r=0.85, p〈0.01) suggesting that selection for this trait could be practised in either environment. Surface reflectance was reduced when the waxy layer from the leaf was removed with chloroform. The reduction for the abaxial surface was twice that for the adaxial surface indicating that the abaxial surface was more waxy than the adaxial one. The mean reduction (both surfaces) termed ‘δ’ was positively correlated with the amount of EW (r=0.59, p〈0.01).
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    Characterization of preharvest sprouting resistance in Clark's Cream white winter wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; preharvest sprouting ; dormancy ; α-amylase ; falling number ; inhibitors ; embryo response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Resistance to preharvest sprouting has been observed in several white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, but the mode of resistance has not been determined. Studies were conducted to characterize the strong preharvest sprouting resistance in Clark's Cream genotype to facilitate breeding for the trait. Clark's Cream and five other hard red and white wheat genotypes were grown in the glasshouse and field and effects of simulated rain, embryo maturity, inhibitors in floral parts and GA, endogenous inhibitors, and ABA and GA combinations on sprouting were measured. The six genotypes differed significantly in sprouting after simulated rain, α-amylase activity, and response to GA and ABA. Embryo maturity and inhibition levels in floral parts and caryopses were nearly similar for all genotypes. Clark's Cream appeared to differ most in high embryo sensitivity, which was fairly nonspecific for ABA, GA, and endogenous inhibitor, and in low α-amylase production during sprouting. Breeding procedures that lead to the preharvest sprouting resistance of Clark's Cream are discussed.
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    Inheritance of culm number in two uniculm x multiculm wheat crosses (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; tillering ; heritability ; gene effects ; epistasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effective utilization of uniculm wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm in breeding programs requires an understanding of the inheritance of the uniculm character. The parents, F1, F2, and first generation backcrosses (B1 and B2) of two crosses, each utilizing a uniculm spring wheat line and a locally adapted winter wheat cultivar, were space planted in an experiment to acquire information regarding the genetic control of culm number. Significant F1 deviations from midparent values revealed the presence of substantial non-additive gene effects. The scaling tests of Mather and the joint scaling test detected the presence of epistasis. Hayman's six-parameter model revealed that a negative dominance effect provided the major contribution to variation in culm number, while additive x additive and dominance x dominance gene effects were of considerable importance.
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    An evaluation of a new rhombic grid selection, gridded mass selection and simple mass selection methods for yield improvement in wheat (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; selection ; simple mass selection ; gridded mass selection ; rhombic grid selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An experiment was conducted in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to: (1) ascertain the efficiency of gridded mass selection; (2) to determine if additional selection efficiency can be achieved through refinement of the gridded mass selection procedure; and (3) to determine if the degree of homozygosity has an effect on response to single-plant selection. Three selection methods [simple mass selection (SMS); gridded mass selection (GMS); and a new rhombic grid selection (RGS)] were applied to four populations [a conventional F2 (CON-F2); an intermated F2 (INT-F2); and 2 partial backcrossed populations] developed from a biparental cross involving the Canadian spring wheat cultivars, ‘Glenlea’ and ‘Sinton’. Averaged over the 4 populations, a single cycle of RGS (10% selection intensity) increased yield by about 9.5%, whereas GMS and SMS increased yield by approximately 4.5% and 3.1%, respectively. The degree of homozygosity of individual plants that make up the population appeared to have an effect on the efficiency of selection. In general, selection was more efficient in the two partial backcrossed populations, and least efficient in the CON-F2 and INT-F2 populations. The largest response to selection (15.9%) was attained when RGS was applied in the backcross to Glenlea population, and the lowest response (1.2%) when SMS was enforced in the CON-F2 population. This paper represents the first report on the efficiency of rhombic grid selection for yield improvement in cereal crops.
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    Characterization of the durable resistance to yellow rust in old winter wheat cultivars in the Netherlands (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust ; adult plant resistance ; complete resistance ; durable resistance ; overall resistance ; partial resistance ; race-specific resistance ; temperature sensitive resistance ; Vertifolia effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Winter wheat cultivars released in the Netherlands before 1930 carried durable resistance to yellow rust. Cultivars released in the period between 1930 and 1950 often were durably resistant while recent cultivars infrequently showed durable resistance. This durable resistance was not difficult to transfer to new cultivars. Twenty nine older cultivars with durable resistance and eight recent non-durably resistant cultivars were tested in the seedling stage and in the adult plant stage against 12 West-European yellow rust races and against some non-European races in the seedling stage only. The adult plant tests were carried out in ‘race nursery’ tests in the Flevopolder. Per race nursery all 37 cultivars, planted in hills of about 20 plants on both sides of the highly susceptible cv. Michigan Amber, were exposed to one race. The infection type of each cultivar-race combination was scored on 0 to 9 scale once in the seedling stage and twice in the adult plant stage. In the race nurseries the percentage leaf area affected was evaluated three times to be used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). This AUDPC multiplied with the mean infection type in the field gave the susceptibility index (SI). The infection types were classified into resistant (R), intermediate (I) or susceptible (S) when the infection types were 0 to 3, 4 to 6 or 7 to 9, respectively. Four categories of resistance were discerned on the basis of the three infection type scores: 1) RRR, overall resistance; complete or near-complete resistant at all stages. 2) SRR, adult plant resistance, complete- or near-complete resistant at the adult plant stage only. 3) SRS and SSR, temperature sensitive resistance, the resistance changed from the one evaluation data to the other. 4) SSS and an SI lower than that of Michigan Amber, partial resistance. The frequencies of overall, adult plant and temperature sensitive resistance were 1.4, 52 and 54% in the older cultivars and 40, 62 and 22% in the recent ones, respectively. Among the older cultivars all had a fair to high level of partial resistance, the SI being on average only 20% of that of Michigan Amber, while most cultivars also seemed to carry temperature sensitive resistance. The partial resistance of the recent cultivars was of a much lower level with a mean SI compared to that of Michigan Amber of 61%. Partial resistance was highly correlated (r = −0.94) with the mean resistance scores from the Dutch Recommended Cultivars Lists. It was concluded that partial resistance and temperature sensitive resistance were the major components of the durable resistance in the older cultivars.
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    Effects of nitrogen fertilization and cultivar on the damage relation of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) in winter wheat (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 94 (1988), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; epidemiology ; vertical distribution ; AUDPC-value ; tolerance ; integrated control ; Mycosphaerella graminicola ; triadimefon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In 1981 en 1983 werd in veldproeven met wintertarwe de relatie tussen schade (in kg are−1) en meeldauw onderzocht. Of de relatie onafhankelijk is van de stikstofbemesting (175 en 235 kg ha−1 N totaal), kon niet met zekerheid worden vastgesteld. De schaderelatie werd niet significant beïnvloed door de vier getoetste rassen. In de twee jaren werd een vergelijkbare schade van gemiddeld 0.0125 kg are−1 per puistdag meeldauw per blad gemeten, bij een opbrengstniveau van 70–90 kg are−1. Tevens werd de locatie van meeldauw in het gewas beschreven.
    Notes: Abstract The damage relation of powdery mildew in winter wheat was studied in field experiments in 1981 and 1983, in the Netherlands. No firm conclusion was obtained on the effect of nitrogen supply (175 and 235 kg ha−1 N totally) on the damage relation. The relation was not affected by cultivars (four) and did not differ significantly between both years. The measured relation averaged 0.0125 kg are−1 damage per pustule-day mildew per leaf, at yields of 70–90 kg are−1. The effect of the fungicide triadimefon on yield could be ascribed to its effect on diseases. The vertical distribution of mildew in the crop was described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01998397
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    Infectivity and acetylene reduction of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizosphere bacteria ; Nitrogenase activity ; Triticum aestivum ; Inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat seedlings were inoculated with rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria and grown gnotobiotically for 15 days. The growth medium consisted of semisolid agar with or without plant nutrients. The bacteria, isolated from roots of field-grown wheat, were three unidentified Gram-negative rods (A1, A2, E1), one Enterobacter agglomerans (C1) and two Bacillus polymyxa (B1, B2). A strain of Azospirillum brasilense (USA 10) was included for comparison. Nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction activity, ARA) was tested on intact plants after 8 and 15 days of growth. In semisolid agar without plant nutrients, five isolates showed ARA of 0.01–0.9 nmol C2H4 plant−1 h−1, while the two strains of B. polymyxa had higher ARA of 3.3–10.6 nmol C2H4 plant−1 h−1. Plant development was not affected by inoculation with bacteria, except that inoculation with B. polymyxa resulted in shorter shoots and lower root weight. Transmission electronmicroscopy of roots revealed different degrees of infection. A. brasilense, A1 and A2, occurred mainly in the mucilage on the root surface and between outer epidermal cells (low infectivity). B. polymyxa strains and E1 were found in and between epidermal cells (intermediate infectivity) while E. agglomerans invaded the cortex and was occasionally found within the stele (high infectivity).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301779
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    Chromosomal localization of structural genes and regulators in wheat by 2D electrophoresis of ditelosomic lines (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; 2D electrophoresis ; Gene localization ; Homoeologous genes ; Genetic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Among the 782 spots observed in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of denatured proteins from etiolated wheat shoots, 185 were found to be variable between the euploid and 26 ditelosomic lines of ‘Chinese Spring’. Thirty-five structural genes were located on 17 chromosome arms. Numerous intensity changes showing alterations in protein levels were observed and led to the following statements: 1) regulators are frequently found and can be assigned for a same polypeptide to various chromosome arms; 2) for most polypeptides homoeologous arms do not manifest similar effects; 3) nevertheless, when affecting the same polypeptide, homoeologous arms display in most cases identical regulatory effects; 4) gene dosage compensation is observed in only one out of four homoeoallelic situations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278250
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    Intrachromosomal mapping of the nucleolar organiser region relative to three marker loci on chromosome 1B of wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Intrachromosomal mapping ; Nucleolar organiser region ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction enzyme digestion of the ribosomal RNA genes of the nucleolar organisers of wheat has revealed fragment length polymorphisms for the nucleolar organiser on chromosome 1B and the nucleolar organiser on 6B. Variation between genotypes for these regions has also been demonstrated. This variation has been exploited to determine the recombination frequency between the physically defined nucleolar organiser on 1B (designatedNor1) and other markers; two loci,Glu-B1 andGli-B1 which code for endosperm storage proteins andRf3, a locus restoring fertility to male sterility conditioned byT. timopheevi cytoplasm.Gli-B1 andRf3 were located on the short-arm satellite but recombine with the nucleolar organiser giving a gene order ofNor1 — Rf3 — Gli-B1. Glu-B1 is located on the long arm of 1B but shows relatively little recombination withNor1, which is, in physical distance, distal on the short arm. This illustrates the discrepancy between map distance and physical distance on wheat chromosomes due to the distal localisation of chiasmata. The recombination betweenNor1 andRf3 indicates that, contrary to previous suggestions, fertility restoration is not a property of the nucleolar organiser but of a separate locus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662440
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    Comparative genetic analyses of metric traits using diallel and factorial mating designs in bread wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 325-328 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Line × tester analysis ; Triticum aestivum ; Gene action ; Combining ability ; Mating designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary For studying the inheritance of metric traits, diallel cross and factorial mating designs are commonly used. Since factorial mating design is less restrictive in crossing plans, the genetic information drawn from it was compared with that from a diallel cross. The comparison was made using graphical, genetic components and combining ability analyses for grain yield, grain weight and spike length in a field experiment of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Analyses were made on a nine parent diallel cross and a 4 ♀ × 5 ♂ factorial mating design which was sampled from the diallel cross. In general, there was a high degree of agreement between the results obtained from factorial mating design and diallel cross analyses showing thereby that the former provides almost equivalent genetic information to the latter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662454
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    Genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat (1985)
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 583-589 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Common wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Electrophoresis ; Endosperm proteins ; Glutenins ; Gliadins ; Genetic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Total endosperm proteins extracted from both several common wheat cultivars and some intervarietal substitution lines derived from them were fractionated according to their molecular weight in a high resolution one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The four donor cultivars and the recipient one — ‘Chinese Spring’, possessed differentially migrating protein bands in the fractions of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenins and gliadins. Several of these bands were identified for the first time in this study. By utilizing intervarietal substitution lines the control of the HMW glutenins and gliadins by chromosomes of homoeologous group 1 was either reaffirmed or, for the new bands, established. Several HMW gliadin subunits showed a considerable variation in their staining intensity in the intervarietal substitution lines indicating that their expression was dependent on the genetic background.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251108
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    Factors affecting the induction of pollen plants of intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum X Triticum-Agropyron (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 294-299 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Anther culture ; Pollen callus (plantlet) ; Induction frequency ; Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron glaucum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experimental results showed that the use of potato extract as a basic component of culture medium had a promoting effect on producing calli in anther culture of the intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Triticum-Agropyron (intermediate type). The induction frequencies of pollen callus on the Potato-II medium containing potato extract as the main component was much higher than that found on N6 and W5 media. The induction frequencies of pollen callus and green plantlets in four intergeneric hybrid material inoculated at the late-uninucleate pollen stage were all higher than those inoculated at the mid-uninucleate stage. Appropriate increases in culture temperature significantly increased pollen callus induction frequencies of the intergeneric hybrids. The genotype and physiological state of anther donor plants also influenced pollen callus and green plantlet induction frequencies.
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    Structural homology of endosperm high molecular weight glutenin subunits of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 634-642 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Hexaploid wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Glutenins ; Electrophoresis ; Amino acid analysis ; Peptide mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several high molecular weight endosperm glutenin subunits, coded by genes located on chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., were isolated from excised gel segments and subjected to amino acid analysis and peptide mapping; the latter was carried out following a limited digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus aureus — V8 protease. Generally, all high molecular weight glutenins had a similar amino acid composition but several significant differences were observed in some of them. Both analyses revealed that the structural similarity among the various subunits was related to the homology of the genes coding them: subunits coded by homoalleles, i.e., different alleles of the same gene, were most similar; those coded by homoeoalleles, i.e., alleles of homoeologous genes, were less similar; whereas subunits coded either by alleles of different genes of the same gene cluster, or by nonhomoeoalleles of homoeologous clusters, were the least similar. Several small peptides derived from protease digestion of various subunits had a higher than expected staining intensity indicating that small peptide repeats may be interspersed within the glutenin subunits. The evolutionary course of the high molecular weight glutenins is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252289
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    Nucleolus organizer competition in Triticum aestivum — Aegilops umbellulata chromosome addition lines (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 278-283 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nucleolar competition ; Amphiplasty ; Ag-NORs ; Addition lines ; Triticum aestivum ; Aegilops umbellulata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleolar organizer activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) and Aegilops umbellulata (UU) chromosomes have been analyzed in the complete set of the chromosome addition lines by using a highly reproducible silver-staining procedure. Chromosomes 1U and 5U produce the partial inactivation of wheat nucleolar organizer chromosomes 6B, 1B and 5D. The chromosomes D and G from Ae. umbellulata, which are not SAT-chromosomes, seem to specifically influence the activity of wheat NORs. The predominant status of the U genome with respect to nucleolar competition in the Triticeae is confirmed.
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    Relationships between five species ofLolium (Poaceae) (1985)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 169-175 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae =Gramineae ; Lolium ; Morphology ; protein electrophoresis ; numerical methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Morphological analysis and electrophoresis of seed proteins of fiveLolium species disclosed that they form two distinct groups corresponding to those recognized from compatibility data.Lolium temulentum andL. remotum of the self-pollinated group were shown to be distinct but closely related species. Morphological intergradation and high similarities between protein profiles ofL. perenne, L. multiflorum andL. rigidum (cross-pollinated species) suggest little genetic differentiation between these taxa. This implies that treatment at the infraspecific level might better accomodate the data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985922
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    Development of endosperm inScrophularia himalensis with a discussion on the variation in the endosperm of the tribeScrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 177-184 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Scrophularieae ; Scrophularia himalensis ; Endosperm ; endosperm haustoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scrophularia himalensis has anab initio cellular endosperm. A transverse division separates a micropylar chamber from a chalazal chamber. The second division is vertical in both, the third is also vertical but at right angles to the second and restricted to the micropylar chamber just as the fourth transverse division. The four-celled micropylar haustorium is branched, highly aggressive, and persists for a long time during seed development. The bicelled chalazal haustorium is non-aggressive and is relatively short-lived. The endosperm proper is ruminate. Variation in the early ontogeny of the endosperm and the structure of endosperm haustoria in the tribeScrophularieae are evaluated.
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    Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos (1985)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 239-246 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae (Gramineae) ; Bambusoideae ; Bambusa ; Dendrocalamus ; Pseudostachyum ; Melocalamus ; Melocanna ; Ochlandra ; Embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.
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    Evolution alpiner Populationen vonEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae): Die mittel- bis kleinblütigen, drüsenhaarigen Arten (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 215-237 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Rhinanthoideae ; Euphrasia ; E. hirtella ; E. drosocalyx ; Infraspecific classification ; chorology of the Alpine Flora ; Flora of Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A more precise taxonomic concept ofE. hirtella and its infraspecific synonymy is presented. Its diploid nature (2n = 22) is confirmed. Within the European area ofE. hirtella five different races may be recognised: “typical”, “brandisii”, “capitulata”, “Rofan” and “Bretagne”. Taxonomic rank is not yet attributed to these races. The heterogeneous taxonomic assembly “E. drosocalyx” is disentangled. The type refers to products of hybrid introgression ofE. rostkoviana-characters (long glandular hairs) intoE. minima.
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    Enzymatic variability in the cattail (Typha angustifolia andT. latifolia, Typhaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 247-252 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Typhaceae ; Sparganiaceae ; Typha ; Esterases ; ADH ; GDH disc electrophoresis ; speciation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The enzymatic spectra ofTypha angustifolia, T. latifolia and their hybrids were examined by disc electrophoresis for three enzymatic systems: esterases, alcohol deshydrogenase, and glutamate deshydrogenase. The intermediate position of the hybrids is confirmed. The study of alcohol deshydrogenase reveales the existence of an intraspecific variability inT. angustifolia between individuals from the Massif Armoricain in France and Dellys in Algeria.
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    Variable self-compatability inNeolloydia intertexta (Cactaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 287-289 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Cactaceae ; Neolloydia intertexta ; Self-compatability ; pollination ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Self and outcross pollination treatments were applied toNeolloydia intertexta. Two distinct patterns of seed production were found, and are correlated with self-pollinated outcrossed treatments. The outcrossed result resembles the field exposed crop. The untouched controls produce a similar pattern to the actively selfed group. The self treatments produce substantially less seed than the outcrosses; thus, self-compatability is incomplete.
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    Heteromerikarpie und Fruchtpolymorphismus beiMicroparacaryum, gen. nov., (Boraginaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 291-312 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Boraginaceae ; Microparacaryum gen. nov. ; Paracaryum ; Mattiastrum ; Taxonomy ; distribution maps ; heteromericarpy ; fruit polymorphism ; Flora of Western Asia (Turkey, U.S.S.R., Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microparacaryum (M. Pop. exH. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech is described as a new genus of theBoraginaceae-Cynoglosseae. It comprises the annual species hitherto included inParacaryum (DC.)Boiss. andMattiastrum (Boiss.)Brand. Distribution maps are given for all 3 genera.Microparacaryum consists of two species,M. salsum (Boiss.)Hilger & Podlech (M. s.) andM. intermedium (Fresen.)Hilger & Podlech (M. i.). ParticularlyM. i. is a very variable species, and most of the species formerly recognized belong here. Scattered all over the range of the genus, plants occur with nutlets exhibiting flat or incurved marginal wings, often in mixed populations. This fruit polymorphism is taxonomically treated by recognizing “formae”. In addition, the following new infraspecific taxa and combinations are described:M. i. var.intermedium formaparacaryoides Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum (H. Riedl)Hilger & Podlech,M. i. var.stellatum formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech,M. s. formamattiastroides Hilger & Podlech.
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    Rumex bithynicus Rech. f., eine neue Art und ihre Hybriden aus der nordwestlichen Türkei (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 317-319 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Polygonaceae ; Rumex ; New species ; hybrids ; Turkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rumex bithynicus sp. n. (sect.Rumex) with two new hybrids from NW Turkey is close toR. alveolatus (from NE Iran, Afghanistan, NW Pakistan and Turkmenistan).
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    Pollen ultrastructure and systematic affinities ofAnaxagorea (Annonaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 148 (1985), S. 253-285 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Annonaceae ; “Fusaea subfamily” ; Anaxagorea ; Meiocarpidium ; Palynology ; pollen ultrastructure ; intine extrusion ; systematic and phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract LM, SEM and TEM observations document similar palynological features for paleo- and neotropical species ofAnaxagorea. Pollen grains are solitary, heteropolar, ellipsoidal to globose, and broadly sulcate. The exine consists of a smooth and microperforated tectum, a granular to “protocolumellar” infratectal layer, and sometimes an initial, not foliated basal layer. The intine is stratified and tends to extrude with its considerably swelling alveolarfibrillar outer layer through the aperture, already inside the unopened pollen sacs. This appears as a new and irreversible harmomegathic mechanism, limited toAnaxagorea, Meiocarpidium and possibly otherAnnonaceae. These palynological data are discussed and coordinated with those from gross-morphological, anatomical, karyological, phytochemical and other studies. All this offers convincing proof for the sometimes questioned systematic and phylogenetic coherence of the widely disjunct S. & C. American and SE. Asian members ofAnaxagorea. Furthermore, a broad comparison with otherAnnonaceae genera demonstrates somewhat closer links ofAnaxagorea with several small and relictual African genera, i.e.Meiocarpidium andPolyceratocarpus, but alsoLettowianthus andPiptostigma;Cleistopholis andAmbavia are more isolated. These genera which exhibit many “primitive” features are provisionally arranged under “tribe I” of the so-called “Fusaea subfamily”. There are loose affinities with “tribe II”, an assembly of more advanced and widespread, often proliferating generic groups, including the S. AsianCananga, the pantropicalXylopia (withPseudannona from Mauritius), a possible link toAnaxagorea and “tribe I”, and the S. AsianGoniothalamus (with the AustralasianRichella s. str. and the W. AfricanNeostenanthera andBoutiquea); the neotropicalFusaea andDuckeanthus apparently are more remote. Because of relationships to several otherAnnonaceae groups and difficulties with its circumscription and definition, the maintainance of the “Fusaea subfamily” as a whole appears questionable.
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    Evolution alpiner Populationen vonEuphrasia (Scrophulariaceae):E. alpina undE. christii (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 1-18 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Scrophulariaceae ; Rhinanthoideae ; Euphrasia ; E. alpina ; E. christii ; E. cisalpina ; Chorology and history of the Alpine flora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The taxonomic affinities, circumsciription and racial differentiation ofE. alpina and its infraspecific synonymy are considered. Its diploid nature is confirmed. The yellow-floweringE. christii is also diploid (2n = 22, first account). A detailed comparison withE. alpina (Figs. 1–2) suggests the rank of subspecies only, and gives no hints as to its suggested hybrid origin. The distribution of the two taxa is documented in maps (Figs. 3–5).
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    DasFestuca vivipara-Problem in den Alpen (1985)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 19-45 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Festuca vivipara ; F. ovina subsp.supina ; Chromosome numbers ; external morphology ; anatomy ; ecology ; distribution ; phylogeny ; Flora of the Central and Eastern Alps ; of Austria ; Slovenia ; N. Italy ; Switzerland ; and Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The differences betweenFestuca vivipara (tetraploid) andF. ovina subsp.supina (diploid), two often confused taxa, are demonstrated in regard to morphology, leaf anatomy, ecology and distribution. New maps illustrate the distribution ofF. vivipara in the Alps and the Northern Hemisphere. The development of different polyploidy levels withinF. vivipara as a consequence of occasional sexual processes is discussed. (English Summary on p. 39.)
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    Pollen morphology inLinum sect.Macrantholinum (1985)
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    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 65-69 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum ; sect.Macrantholium ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollen of the two distylous species which make upLinum sect.Macrantholinum differs from that of other distylous species in the genus in being multiporate and in having much more modest differences in exine sculpturing between grains from long- and short-styled plants. Pollen morphology does not help in relating the two species to others in the genus but does support their retention in a separate section.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984154
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  • 98
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    Karyotaxonomic analysis of the genusBunium (Umbelliferae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 71-88 
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    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) ; Bunium ; Chromosome numbers ; karyotypes ; karyosystematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosome numbers are reported for 23 species of the genusBunium, distributed mainly in Middle Asia and Transcaucausia. The great diversity of basic chromosome numbers is unusual for a genus ofUmbelliferae: x = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, and 6. This series obviously has to be interpreted as descending dysploidy. Infraspecific aneuploidy was found in three species, but there are no B-chromosomes or polyploidy. The karyotypes of 18 species are described, using two morphometric chromosome parameters, centromere position and relative length (Table 2), and illustrated (Figs. 2–4). Species vary greatly in their karyotype asymmetry (20.4–45.9%). Chromosome numbers and structures appear to be useful in the karyotaxonomical and biogeographical analysis of the genus.
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  • 99
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    Evolutionary trends in the androecium of theOrchidaceae (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 119-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Orchidaceae ; Androecium morphology ; pollination ; evolutionary trends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of the androecium in theOrchidaceae shows three major trends. There is a progressive trend in the degree of fusion of the filament(s) and staminode(s) to the gynoecium. Secondly, there is a reduction in the number of fertile anthers. Finally, there is a progressive change in the position of the base of the anther relative to the apex of the stigma; in the more primitive orchids the apex of the stigma is always higher than the base of the anther (this position is reversed in the higher orchids). All three trends reflect variation in the evolution of pollen dispersal and pollen reception mechanisms in theOrchidaceae. Trends in the evolution of the orchid anther(s) tend to parallel trends in the evolution of their pollinaria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984157
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  • 100
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    Relationships between three species ofFestuca sect.Bovinae (Poaceae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae =Gramineae ; Festuca sect. ; Bovinae ; Seed protein electrophoresis ; morphology ; numerical analysis ; systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seed protein electrophoresis confirms the existence of polymorphism among hexaploid populations ofFestuca arundinacea. Both protein and morphological results suggest thatF. pratensis andF. arundinacea should retain independent specific status. High protein homology of these two species withF. gigantea points towards phylogenetic links between these taxa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984158
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