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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observed and Predicted Genetic Gains from Single and Multi-Trait Selections Using Three Mating Designs in Pearl Millet (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 103 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic components of variance, predict the response to selection and to evaluate observed response to selection using two populations namely, PSB 7 and PSB 3, of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeks). The observed response was studied using four methods of selection based on single and multitrait criteria in three types of families, namely S1, half-sib (HS) and full-sib (FS) families. One hundred SI, HS and FS families each were developed in PSB 7 and PSB 3. Plants within a population were pollinated with bulk pollen of other population to develop HS families. Crosses were made between a pair of plants using one plant from each of the two populations to develop PS families. Data were recorded on days to flower, plant height, tiller number, spike length, spike girth, seed yield per plant and spike weight. Additive genetic variance estimates were significant for all traits. The estimates of dominance and additive × location and dominance × location interaction components were not significant, except additive × location component in PSB 7 for seed yield and spike weight. The genotypic component of variance among S1 families and S1 × location interactions were significant except S1 × location interactions in PSB 7 for days to flower, spike length and spike girth.Twenty-four strains were developed by intermating superior families identified on the basis of four selection methods in each of the six types of families.The selection methods were high seed yield (YS) per se; index selection (IS) for high tiller number and long and thick spike; truncation selection (TS) for high yield among the families having days to flower and plant height lower than the population mean: and visual selection (VS) after completion of flowering for good vigour, uniformity in plant height and good inflorescence attributes. YS and IS were found to be superior to TS and VS with respect to observed genetic gains for seed yield. That advance was higher in selection among SI families as compared with FS and HS families. In general, a good agreement was noted between observed and expected responses. Expected genetic gain from FS reciprocal (R) recurrent selection was higher than the average gain from HS-R selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00385.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining ability and heterosis in diallel crosses of maize (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 49 (1977), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present investigation involved crosses among 20 elite yellow maize populations. These were evaluated in four environments in a randomized block design with four replications in each environment. Variety Cuba was observed to be the best general combiner for grain yield, followed by St Croix and Prolific. No clear association could be discerned between general combining ability (GCA) effects for grain yield and its components, and mean grain yield performance and GCA effects. Heterosis was observed in general and all the crosses involving Cuba yielded better than the midparent. The five hybrids, Kisan × Cuba, Antigua 3D × St Croix, Prolific × St Croix, Vijay × Antigua Gr. I and A 23 × Cuba, yielded more than the standard check. Significant yield superiority of these varietal hybrids over the best commercial composite (Jawahar) suggested the possibility of their commercial exploitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281709
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic architecture of a heterotic cross between two populations of maize (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 259-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; Interpopulation cross ; Half-sib reciprocal recurrent selection ; Full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nature and magnitude of variability in the interpopulation cross of ‘Mezcla Amarillo Selection’ (MAS), an introduction from CIMMYT, Mexico, and ‘J607’, a population developed in India using indigenous, American, and Yugoslavian germplasm, were studied. Interpopulation progenies developed by following the North Carolina Design I were evaluated at two locations. The additive genetic variance component in interpopulation cross,σ A(12) 2 , and in one population assuming the other population as tester,σ A12 2 andσ A21 2 were significant for all the traits evaluated, namely ear length, ear girth, kernel rows and days to silk, with one exception. For kernel rows, the dominance variance component,σ A(12) 2 , was also significant but it was smaller thanσ A(12) 2 . The variance component due to dominance X location interaction,σ DL(12) 2 , was significant for all traits except kernel rows. In the case of ear length and ear girth,σ DL(12) 2 was greater than the other components.σ AL(12) 2 ,σ AL12 2 andσ AL21 2 were not significant for any trait. Expected genetic advance indicated a superiority of half-sib reciprocal recurrent selection over full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662438
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative genetic analyses of metric traits using diallel and factorial mating designs in bread wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Line × tester analysis ; Triticum aestivum ; Gene action ; Combining ability ; Mating designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary For studying the inheritance of metric traits, diallel cross and factorial mating designs are commonly used. Since factorial mating design is less restrictive in crossing plans, the genetic information drawn from it was compared with that from a diallel cross. The comparison was made using graphical, genetic components and combining ability analyses for grain yield, grain weight and spike length in a field experiment of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Analyses were made on a nine parent diallel cross and a 4 ♀ × 5 ♂ factorial mating design which was sampled from the diallel cross. In general, there was a high degree of agreement between the results obtained from factorial mating design and diallel cross analyses showing thereby that the former provides almost equivalent genetic information to the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662454
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity for RFLPs in European maize inbreds (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 672-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLPs ; Heterosis ; Genetic distances ; Prediction ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been proposed for the prediction of the yield potential of hybrids and the assignment of inbreds to heterotic groups. Such use was investigated in 66 diallel crosses among 6 flint and 6 dent inbreds from European maize (Zea mays L.) germ plasm. Inbreds and hybrids were evaluated for seven forage traits in four environments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Midparent heterosis (MPH) and specific combining ability (SCA) were calculated. Genetic distances (GD) between lines were calculated from RFLP data of 194 clone-enzyme combinations. GDs were greater for flint x dent than for flint x flint and dent x dent line combinations. Cluster analysis based on GDs showed separate groupings of flint and dent lines and agreed with pedigree information, except for 1 inbred. GDs of all line combinations in the diallel were partitioned into general (GGD) and specific (SGD) genetic distances; GGD explained approximately 20% of the variation among GD values. For the 62 diallel crosses (excluding 4 crosses of highly related lines), correlations of GD with F1 performance, MPH, and SCA for dry matter yield (DMY) of stover, ear, and forage were positive but mostly of moderate size (0.09≤r≤0.60) compared with the higher correlations (0.39≤r≤0.77) of SGD with these traits. When separate calculations were performed for various subsets, correlations of GD and SGD with DMY traits were generally small (r〈0.47) for the 36 flint x dent crosses, significantly positive (r〈0.53) for the 14 flint x flint crosses, and inconclusive for the 12 dent x dent crosses because of the lack of significant genotypic variation. Results indicated that RFLPs can be used for assigning inbreds to heterotic groups. RFLP-based genetic distance measures seem to be useful for predicting forage yield of (1) crosses between lines from the same germ plasm group or (2) crosses including line combinations from the same as well as different heterotic groups. However, they are not indicative of the hybrid forage yield of crosses between unrelated lines from genetically divergent heterotic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224167
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimates of gene frequencies in two heterotic maize populations (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1984), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; Maize ; Genetic variances ; Covariances ; Gene frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present study was undertaken to obtain information on average gene frequency in two heterotic populations of maize (Zea mays L.), Mezcla Amarillo Selection (MAS) and J607. Sixty-four male plants were taken in each of the populations and each of these were crossed to a different set of eight plants, four of which belonged to the same population and four to the other population. This resulted in two groups of intra-population (within MAS and within J607) and two groups of inter-population (MAS X J607 and J607 X MAS) progenies. Each group consisted of 256 full-sib progenies on the pattern of the North Carolina Design I mating system. The male plants were selfed to produce 64 S1 prgenies in each population. The materials were evaluated at two diverse locations, Ludhiana and Gurdaspur, for grain yield, ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows, plant height, ear height and days to silk. An incomplete block design with two replications were used. The plot consisted of a 5 m long row. Ratios of estimated genetic components of variance and covariance were compared with corresponding theoretical ratios computed for a single locus for various gene frequencies and levels of dominance, and approximate ranges of the gene frequencies and their relative magnitude were worked out in the two populations. The average frequency of favourable genes for plant height was estimated as 0.6 in MAS and 0.8 in J607. For grain yield the average gene frequency was 0.8 to 0.9 in MAS and 0.7 to 0.8 in J607 whereas for ear height it was 0.5 to 0.7 in MAS and 0.4 to 0.6 in J607. The gene frequency in the two populations seemed to be similar for days to silk, ear length, ear girth and kernel rows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272892
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified full-sib selection and estimation of genetic parameters (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 672-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Partial-diallel cross ; Components of genetic variance ; Zea mays L ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cycle of full-sib selection is completed in three seasons while that of a modified method is completed in two seasons. In modified full-sib selection, selected families can be recombined and new families generated following a partial-diallel cross. The components of genetic variance can be estimated from the partial-diallel analysis of such families. Thus, in addition to performing selection, genetic parameters can be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260774
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of circulant partial diallel crosses in maize (1978)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 52 (1978), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Partial diallel analysis ; Combining ability ; Heritability ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present study was conducted in maize (Zea mays L.) on crosses among 20 diverse parents. The materials were evaluated in four different environments for eight characters. Combining ability analysis was carried out following diallel and partial diallel crosses. The number of crosses per parent (s) varied from 3 to 19 and the results were studied to identify the critical value of s that would provide an adequate information with minimum resources. The S5 partial diallel was as good as the S19 for the detection of differences among general combining ability (GCA) effects. Even the S3 gave adequate information in the case of characters with high heritability. However, partial diallel analysis was less efficient in detecting the differences due to specific combining ability (SCA) effects. These results varied with environments, and characters with low heritability were more prone to misinterpretation. GCA effects showed fluctuations in partial diallel analysis which were more pronounced in S5 and S3, particularly for characters with low heritability. The average standard error of difference between GCA effects increased with a decrease in s, with a steep slope for s 〈 7. The partial diallel analysis was more efficient for the estimation of the variance component of GCA than for SCA, as the estimate of SCA was biased upwards. Estimates of broad sense heritability obtained from the partial diallels agreed with the full diallel analysis better than the narrow sense estimates. Smaller partial diallels gave erratic estimates of heritability, particularly for the characters with low heritability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273763
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis of digestibility traits of maize stover (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays ; maize ; forage ; digestibility ; near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is emerging as a potentially useful tool in breeding plants for quality traits. Information is lacking, however, on its use in forage maize (Zea mays L.). The objectives of the present investigation were to evaluate the prediction of digestibility traits of maize stover using NIRS technique and to study the effect of laboratory (Lab) and NIRS assays on the estimates of variation and covariation. Twelve inbred lines, 66 diallel crosses among them and eight hybrid checks were evaluated at silage and grain harvests for 2 years at two agro-climatically diverse locations in the Federal Republic of Germany. Standard methods were used for Lab analysis of in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). In NIRS evaluation, calibration equations were developed by modified stepwise regression. The standard error of calibration was 2.5, 1.7, 1.4 and 0.4 for IVDOM, NDF, ADF and ADL, respectively. The coefficient of multiple determination was high (≥0.9) except for ADL. The validation statistics (standard error and correlation coefficient) were similar. In the diallel crosses, the estimates of variation (heritabilities in broad and narrow sense, genotypic and error coefficients of variation), generally, did not vary appreciably and consistently in the comparisons between Lab and NIRS methods particulary at silage harvest. Simple and rank correlations between Lab and NIRS analyses were positive and significant. These correlation coefficients based on the mean performance of the diallel crosses at silage harvest were 〉0.9 and at least 16 hybrids were common between the two analyses, among the upper one-third or lower one-third (22) hybrids. The study showed that NIRS analysis should be useful in maize breeding programmes wherein a large number of genotypes need to be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028963
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in reciprocal crosses of maize inbred lines diverse for protein content (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; maize ; reciprocal difference ; protein content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Forty-two crosses and their reciprocals in maize (Zea mays L.) involving inbred lines highly diverse for protein content were evaluated in four environments. Data were recorded on crude protein content of grain, protein yield, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, dry matter content of ear at harves,, days to 50% slking, plant height, ear height, and early vigor. No significant variation due to reciprocal differences was observed for protein content and early vigor. For all other traits the variance component due to reciprocal x environment interactions was significant while the variance component due to reciprocal differences was significant only for kernel weight, dry matter content of ear, plant height, and ear height. The variance components due to nuclear differences and their interactions with environments were always highly significant and larger than the components due to reciprocal differences and reciprocal x environment interactions. The instability and low magnitude of reciprocal differences indicated that it might be difficult to exploit them commercially. However, seeing the presence of reciprocal differences for most of the traits studied, the evaluation of breeding materials for these differences seems to be important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056590
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