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  • General Chemistry  (1,021)
  • BIOSCIENCES  (378)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (305)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • ddc:330
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,891)
  • 1972  (1,891)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,891)
Year
  • 1
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    Biomedical experiments. Part A: Biostack experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The biostack experiment is described which was designed to study the biologic effects of individual heavy nuclei of galactic cosmic radiation during space flight outside the magnetosphere of the earth. Specifically, the biostack experiment was designed to promote research on the effects of high energy/high Z particles of galactic cosmic radiation on a broad spectrum of biologic systems, from the molecular to the highly organized and developed forms of life. The experiment was considered unique and scientifically meritorious because of its potential yield of information - currently unavailable on earth - on the interaction of biologic systems with the heavy particles of galactic cosmic radiation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 2
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    Surveyor 3: Bacterium isolated from lunar retrieved television camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Microbial analysis was the first of several studies of the retrieved camera and was performed immediately after the camera was opened. The emphasis of the analysis was placed upon isolating microorganisms that could be potentially pathogenic for man. Every step in the retrieval of the Surveyor 3 television camera was analyzed for possible contamination sources, including camera contact by the astronauts, ingassing in the lunar and command module during the mission or at splashdown, and handling during quarantine, disassembly, and analysis at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 239-248
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  • 3
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    Microbial response to space environment, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The performance of the microbial response to space environment experiment is considered excellent by all investigators. For most microbial systems, only preliminary survival data are available at this time. None of the available data indicate space flight-mediated changes in cell viability or recovery. One quite important observation has been made at this early date, however. The eggs produced after mice had been infected with N. dubius larvae demonstrated a significant decrease in hatchability when compared to identical ground controls. Except for the fact that the Apollo 16 flight larvae had been on board the command module, treatment of the flown larvae and ground control larvae was the same; neither had been exposed to UV irradiation. The significance and implications of this finding are currently being studied.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 4
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    Visual light flash phenomenon, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 mission provided the opportunity to obtain additional data on the characteristics and frequency of the light flashes and also provided the first opportunity to obtain a direct physical record of incident cosmic ray particles with the Apollo light flash moving emulsion detector (ALFMED). The ALFMED is an electromechanical device that is worn on the head like a helmet and supports cosmic radiation-sensitive emulsions around the head of the test subject. Two light flash observation sessions were conducted during the mission: one during translunar coast and the second during transearth coast. Characteristics of the light flashes observed and reported by the Apollo crew members were generally similar to those reported on previous missions. Analyses of the ALFMED emulsion plates are proceeding as scheduled, although results are not yet available. The ALFMED results should provide conclusive evidence establishing the correlation, if any, between the incident cosmic ray particles and the perception of light flashes as reported by Apollo crew members.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 5
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    Microbiological sampling of returned Surveyor 3 electrical cabling (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A piece of electrical wiring bundle running from the television camera to another part of the spacecraft was selected for microbiological examination. Sampling methods are discussed. The results presented show that no viable microorganisms were recovered from the part of the Surveyor 3 cable which was tested. Factors that could have contributed to the sterility of the cable are thermal vacuum testing, natural dieoff, change in pressure during launch, and lunar vacuum and temperature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 248-251
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  • 6
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    Investigation of traveler acceptance factors in short haul air carrier operations (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The development of a mathematical model for human reaction to variables involved in transportation systems is discussed. The techniques, activities, and results related to defining certain specific inputs to the model are presented. A general schematic diagram of the problem solution is developed. The application of the model to short haul air carrier operations is examined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 211-228
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  • 7
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    Helicopter crew/passenger vibration sensitivity - (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Helicopter crew and passenger vibration sensitivity are presented. Pilot subjective ratings are established for discrete frequencies and the impact of combinations of harmonic frequencies is examined. A passenger long term comfort level and a short term limit are defined for discrete frequencies and compared with pilot ratings. The results show reasonable agreement between pilot and passenger. Subjective comfort levels obtained for mixed frequency environments clearly demonstrate the need for a multi-frequency criterion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 143-153
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  • 8
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    Ride quality research activities at NASA Langley Research Center (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Ride quality research to determine criteria to describe vehicle performance characteristics which will insure passenger comfort is discussed. The manner in which disciplines of vehicle environmental dynamics, structural dynamics, and electromechanical measurements are combined to define passenger environments is described. The activities of many governmental and private agencies in the field of passenger comfort are examined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 229-246
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  • 9
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    Miniature biotelemeter gives multichannel wideband biomedical data (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A miniature biotelemeter was developed for sensing and transmitting multiple channels of biomedical data over a radio link. The design of this miniature, 10-channel, wideband (5 kHz/channel), pulse amplitude modulation/ frequency modulation biotelemeter takes advantage of modern device technology (e.g., integrated circuit operational amplifiers, complementary symmetry/metal oxide semiconductor logic, and solid state switches) and hybrid packaging techniques. The telemeter is being used to monitor 10 channels of neuron firings from specific regions of the brain in rats implanted with chronic electrodes. Design, fabrication, and testing of an engineering model biotelemeter are described.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: JPL Quarterly Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 1; p 152-166
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  • 10
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    Factors influencing public acceptance of STOL noise (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The responses of people to special noise characteristics associated with short takeoff aircraft are discussed. The findings of studies which have yielded data that may be pertinent to community acceptance of short takeoff aircraft noise are presented. A three step program to evaluate public acceptance of short takeoff aircraft noise was conducted. The three steps were: (1) definition of short takeoff aircraft noise characteristics, (2) laboratory tests to evaluate individual responses, and (3) the use of community survey data to extrapolate conventional takeoff aircraft experience.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 353-365
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  • 11
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    Comparison of the sensitivity to rotation of pilots and nonpilots. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thirty-six airline pilots and 56 nonpilots were tested to determine their sensitivity to rotation. A staircase procedure was used to determine oculogyral illusion and perception of rotation thresholds, in a precision rotation device. The results indicated that (1) there were no significant differences between the two groups for either threshold measure, (2) the thresholds for the oculogyral illusion were significantly lower than the perception of rotation thresholds for both groups, and (3) changes in threshold as a function of age were minimal for 91 of the men. The validity and results of the tests are discussed with regard to the pilot's use of motion information in control tasks for aircraft and simulators.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Jan. 197
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  • 12
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    Passenger fluid volumes measured before and after a prolonged commercial jet flight. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Interstitial and intracellular fluid volumes were calculated from measured plasma volume, extracellular volume and total body water of six subjects before and after a 24-hour commercial overseas flight. No change occurred in these spaces or in peripheral hematocrit or total serum protein concentration. The subjective feeling of dehydration and the actual swelling of the lower extremities characteristically found among passengers at the end of a long trip of this type seems to represent a shift in body fluids to the dependent portions of the body rather than water retention or a decrease in the intravascular water volume.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Jan. 197
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  • 13
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    Contamination threats to critical surfaces from handling and storage practices. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of the procedures and results of a program designed to remove the threat of sources of molecular and particulate contamination of critical optical, electrical, and mechanical elements in spacecraft. The results of recent contamination-probing thermal-vacuum tests indicate that some of the materials and practices commonly used to protect critical surfaces from molecular or particulate contamination can themselves represent significant threats. These contamination sources include clean-room and clean-tent materials, gloves, tissues, and covering or packaging materials. Mass and infrared spectral analyses of these materials and the environments and instruments exposed to them show that the contaminants are mostly plasticizers, slip or antistatic agents, and binders used in the manufacture of these products. Products of particular threat include vinyl gloves, boots, clean-tent walls, and some polyethylene sheets and bags. Techniques for reducing these threats are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 14
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    Cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and coronary hemodynamics in the conscious dog during hypoxic hypoxia. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The mechanisms by which acute hypoxia (10% and 5% oxygen) mediates changes in coronary blood flow and cardiac function were investigated in the conscious dog. When the dogs breathed hypoxic gas mixtures through a tracheostomy, both arterial and coronary sinus oxygen tensions were significantly decreased. With 5% oxygen, there were significant increases in heart rate (25%), maximum left ventricular dP/dt (39%), left circumflex coronary artery blood flow (163%), and left ventricular oxygen consumption (52%), which were attenuated by beta-adrenergic blockage with propranolol. When electrical pacing was used to keep the ventricular rate constant during hypoxia, there was no significant difference in coronary blood flow before and after beta blockade. Beta-adrenergic receptor activity in the myocardium participates in the integrated response to hypoxia although it may not cause active vasodilation of the coronary vessels.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Apr. 197
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  • 15
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    Physical examinations of workers exposed to trichlorotrifluoroethane. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A group of 50 workers, exposed for an average of 2.77 years in an environment, samples of which contained from 46 to 4700 ppm of trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113), was examined. There were no subjective complaints, other than one case of dryness of the skin, referable to this occupational exposure. At this time, it is our opinion that there is no evidence of adverse effects from exposure to trichlorotrifluoroethane under the conditions encountered by these personnel. We believe that continued, periodic, follow-up examinations of these workers will be helpful in further evaluating any possible long-range effects of this material.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Archives of Environmental Health; 24; Apr. 197
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  • 16
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    Effects of pentobarbital on plasma glucose and free fatty acids in the rat. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Hyperglycemia and hypolipemia were observed in rats after the injection of sodium pentobarbital. The observed changes were independent of whether the blood was collected by decapitation or by needle puncture of the aorta. The hyperglycemic response was caused by two factors including the stress of the injection per se and the pharmacological action of the drug. Hyperlipemia was observed at 5 min postinjection. However, pentobarbital decreased plasma free fatty acids by 15 min postinjection. Both the hyperglycemia and hypolipemia responses were dose dependent.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; vol. 139
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  • 17
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    Effect of stratified inequality of blood flow on gas exchange in liquid-filled lungs. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This investigation set out to answer two questions: (1) are the distal alveoli in the terminal lung units less well perfused than the proximal alveoli, i.e., is there stratification of blood flow; and (2) if so, does this enhance gas exchange in the presence of stratified inequality of ventilation. Excised dog lungs were ventilated with saline and perfused with blood. Following single inspirations of xenon 133 in saline and various periods of breath holding, the expired xenon concentration against volume was measured and it confirmed marked stratified inequality of ventilation under these conditions. By measuring the rate of depletion of xenon from alveoli during a period of blood flow, we showed that the alveoli which emptied at the end of expiration had 16% less blood flow than those exhaling earlier. However, by measuring the xenon concentration in pulmonary venous blood, we found that about 10% less tracer was transferred from the alveoli into the blood when the inspired xenon was stratified within the respiratory zone. Thus while stratification of blood flow was confirmed, it was shown to impair rather than enhance the efficiency of gas transfer.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 18
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    Biological experiments - The Viking Mars Lander. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: From the biological point of view, the Viking 1975 mission might be regarded as a test of the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis concerning the chemical evolution of living systems. Mars is a planet whose early history was probably similar to that of the earth and whose present environmental conditions may be compatible with the maintenance of living organisms. Thus, the biological experiments aboard the Viking I spacecraft are primarily concerned with the question of whether chemical evolution on Mars took place, and, if so, whether the process reached a level of complexity characteristic of replicating systems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Icarus; 16; Feb. 197
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  • 19
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    Effects of n-dominance and group composition on task efficiency in laboratory triads. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Task-oriented triads were formed into various homogeneous and heterogeneous combinations according to their scores on the n-dominance personality trait of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Five group categories were used. The group task required a consensus decision on each trial. High cooperation and interdependence were reinforced by partially restricting the communication network. Results showed heterogeneous groups significantly better at organizing their group communication processes. They consequently performed the task more efficiently than homogeneous triads.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Organizational Behavior and Human Performance; 7; Apr. 197
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  • 20
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    Viruslike particles in the tissues of normal and gamma-irradiated Drosophila melanogaster. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new finding of viruslike particles in the salivary and accessory glands, muscles, and nerves of normal and gamma-irradiated Drosophila melanogaster is discussed. In morphology and size, the particles seemed identical to those described in earlier reports. On the basis of the available results, it cannot be affirmed that these particles infect only dividing cells, since they are found in all the Drosophila tissues so far examined. Their relation to the aging process is felt to be an interesting subject for further study.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology; 19; Jan. 197
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  • 21
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    Effects of exposing rats to 100% oxygen at 450 and 600 mm Hg on in vitro liver and adipose tissue lipid synthesis. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Male rats (260-285 gm) were exposed to 100% oxygen at 450 or 600 mm Hg for 1 to 4 days. Rats maintained at 450 mm Hg ate 92% the amount of food eaten by ad libitum controls maintained at sea level conditions. At 600 mm Hg, the food intake was 77% of the ad libitum controls. No difference was found in the plasma level of glucose, free fatty acids, and corticosterone between oxygen exposed rats and their respective pair-fed controls. The in vitro conversion of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue from rats exposed at 450 mm Hg for 2, 3, or 4 days was significantly increased above pair-fed controls and ad libitum controls. Increasing the oxygen pressure to 600 mm Hg abolished this increase, and in fact, reversed the increased synthesis to a significant decrease for the 4-day exposure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 22
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    Urological considerations in space medicine. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Urological problems encountered during the preparation phases of Biosatellite III, flight of Bonny the Space Monkey, are detailed. The solution to each problem is detailed. The catheter system employed, antibiotic coverage used, and bacteria encountered in the urine of the five animals are detailed. Urinary calcium levels in three ground based animals are illustrated. Testicular alterations encountered in all animals are mentioned. It is concluded that space flights of duration beyond nine days may present serious problems of a urological nature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 43; Mar. 197
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  • 23
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    Organic molecules in space. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Examination of the question of chemical evolution. Observational evidence for the occurrence of some organic compounds in space is presented, and the likely existence of more complex molecules which are as yet undetected or unidentified is pointed out. This implies that massive solid objects, i.e., planets and asteroids, were accumulated from material which already contained a variety of organic compounds. The objects or regions of the galaxy studied are comets, interstellar space, prestellar nebulae, and cool stellar atmospheres.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 24
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    External auditory canal temperature as an estimate of core temperature. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurement of rectal (T sub re), auditory canal (T sub ac), positioned 8 to 10 mm from the tympanic membrane, and mean skin temperature (mean T sub sk) in five men during various exercise regimens at an ambient temperature (T sub a) of 25 C (phase one) and in two men during rest and exercise at 5, 15, 25, and 35 C T sub a (phase two). The purpose was to determine if T sub ac can be used as an accurate estimate of core temperature. Previous observations that T sub ac was highly correlated with T sub re but T sub ac was consistently lower than T sub re are confirmed; the mean difference varied from 0.4 C at rest to 1.1 C at the end of exercise. It is concluded that auditory canal temperature cannot be utilized as an estimate of core temperature, but T sub ac may be used to estimate mean body temperature where very accurate measurements are not required.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Feb. 197
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  • 25
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    Potential targets in the search for extraterrestrial life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the potential for increasing understanding of the origins of terrestrial life by examination of other planets. If living organisms should be found on another planet, they could only have been transported from an inhabited planet or originated independently. The fundamental chemical and structural attributes of terrestrial organisms are so remarkably uniform that any living forms outside the terrestrial blueprint would almost certainly be regarded as alien organisms. It has been shown experimentally by various investigators that life can exist in an extremely wide range of temperatures and pressures. The presence of an atmosphere appears to be necessary.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 26
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    Planetary atmospheres. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of the composition of the atmospheres of the planets. Their wide variety is of interest in view of the fact that all nine planets were probably formed at the same time and out of the same chemically homogeneous mixture of gas and dust, i.e., the primitive solar nebula. The most likely explanation for this diversity in composition seems to be that the planetary atmospheres have undergone important evolutionary changes during their history of about 4.5 billion years. The early history of the earth's atmosphere is reviewed, as well as that of Venus and Mars. The most interesting aspect of Jupiter is that its present atmosphere seems to be composed of the same gases, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, out of which the first living organisms are believed to have been synthesized on the earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 27
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    Ultrastructure of Pseudomonas saccharophila at early and late log phase of growth. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of the fine structure of Pseudomonas saccarophila at the early log phase and the late log phase of growth, such as shown by electron microscopy with the aid of various techniques of preparation. The observations reported suggested that, under the experimental conditions applied, P. saccharophila multiplies by the method of constrictive division.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 109; Feb. 197
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  • 28
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    Distribution and significance of carbon compounds on the moon. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Exploration of available information concerning carbon on the moon, following review of what is known about carbon on the earth, and consideration of the results of studies of meteorites, which have provided the first direct clues about extraterrestrial carbon. Carbon and carbon isotope composition data taken from Apollo 11 samples are tabulated. Carbon compounds produced by pyrolysis, extracted with benzene-methanol, extracted with water, and freed by acid treatment are discussed. Carbon and carbon compounds in lunar rocks and soils appear to be distributed heterogeneously.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 29
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    Automatic surface inoculation of agar trays. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a machine and technique for the automatic inoculation of a plastic tray containing agar media with a culture, using either a conventional inoculation loop or a cotton swab. The design of the machine is simple, it is easy to use, and it relieves the operator from the manual task of streaking cultures. The described technique makes possible the visualization of the overall qualitative and, to some extent, quantitative relationships of various bacterial types in a sample tested.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 24; Nov. 197
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  • 30
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    Life detection systems. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some promising newer approaches for detecting microorganisms are discussed, giving particular attention to the integration of different methods into a single instrument. Life detection methods may be divided into biological, chemical, and cytological methods. Biological methods are based on the biological properties of assimilation, metabolism, and growth. Devices for the detection of organic materials are considered, taking into account an instrument which volatilizes, separates, and analyzes a sample sequentially. Other instrumental systems described make use of a microscope and the cytochemical staining principle.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 31
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    The presence of P700 in chloroplast fragments prepared by short time incubation with Triton X-100. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 275; 1972
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  • 32
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    Lactate dehydrogenase from an extremely thermophilic bacillus. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Archiv fuer Mikrobiologie; 85; 1972
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  • 33
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    An integrated medical system for long-duration space missions. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description is given of the Integrated Medical and Behavioral Laboratory Measurement System (IMBLMS) being developed for onboard medical support of the crew and for medical research during space missions. The system is suitable for use during early extended space flights and for accommodating measurement and diagnostic apparatus as well as treatment and surgical facilities developed for later missions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Aug. 197
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    Disproportional changes in hematocrit, plasma volume, and proteins during exercise and bed rest. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The interrelationships between the changes in plasma volume, hematocrit, and plasma proteins during muscular exercise and bed rest were investigated. Proportionally, the changes in hematocrit are always smaller than the changes in plasma volume. For this reason changes in the concentration of blood constituents can only be quantitated on the basis of plasma volume changes. During short periods of intensive exercise, there was a small loss of plasma proteins. With prolonged submaximal exercise there was a net gain in plasma protein, which contributes to stabilization of the vascular volume. Prolonged bed rest induced hypoproteinemia; this loss of plasma protein probably plays an important role in recumbency hypovolemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; July 197
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  • 35
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    Spacecraft sterilization. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spacecraft sterilization is a vital factor in projects for the successful biological exploration of other planets. The microorganisms of major concern are the fungi and bacteria. Sterilization procedures are oriented toward the destruction of bacterial spores. Gaseous sterilants are examined, giving attention to formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone, ethylene oxide, and the chemistry of the bactericidal action of sterilants. Radiation has been seriously considered as another method for spacecraft sterilization. Dry heat sterilization is discussed together with the effects of ethylene oxide decontamination and dry heat sterilization on materials.
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  • 36
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    Space food systems - Mercury through Apollo. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Major achievements which characterized the development of food systems used by American astronauts in manned space flight are reviewed throughout a period spanning the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs up to and including the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. Lists of food types are accompanied by information on packaging, storage, preparation, consumption, and quality of particular products. Experience gained from development efforts for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program is also discussed.
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  • 37
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    Circadian rhythm asynchrony in man during hypokinesis. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Posture and exercise were investigated as synchronizers of certain physiologic rhythms in eight healthy male subjects in a defined environment. Four subjects exercised during bed rest. Body temperature (BT), heart rate, plasma thyroid hormone, and plasma steroid data were obtained from the subjects for a 6-day ambulatory equilibration period before bed rest, 56 days of bed rest, and a 10-day recovery period after bed rest. The results indicate that the mechanism regulating the circadian rhythmicity of the cardiovascular system is rigorously controlled and independent of the endocrine system, while the BT rhythm is more closely aligned to the endocrine system.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 38
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    Method for analyses of cyclic physiological data that are nonstationary in time. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The proposed method of studying biologic rhythms permits the biologist to view physiological data dynamically without assuming that the data are stationary in time. Vector representation of data points is employed, and the summation of the vectors (train of vectors) produces a summation dial that is able to detect dynamic changes in the time of the peak as well as random walks (arrhythmia).
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 39
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    Properties of phosphoribulokinase from Thiobacillus neapolitanus. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 112; Oct. 197
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  • 40
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    Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. VIII - Respiration-dependent detergent dissolution of cell envelopes. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; 282; 1972
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  • 41
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    Isolation of a polyvalent bacteriophage for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aerobacter aerogenes. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Virology; 9; May 1972
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  • 42
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    Lipid composition of growing and starving cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Missing abstr.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 111
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  • 43
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    Escape conditioning and low-frequency whole-body vibration - The effects of frequency, amplitude, and controls for noise and activation. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Seven experiments are reported on low-frequency whole-body vibration and rats' escape conditioning in a modified Skinner box. In the first three studies, conditioning was observed but was independent of frequency. In experiment four, the number of escape responses was directly related to vibration amplitude. Experiment five was a control for vibration noise and noise termination; experiments six and seven studied vibration-induced activation. Noise termination did not produce conditioning. In experiment six, subjects made more responses when responding led to termination than when it did not. In experiment seven, subjects preferred a bar which terminated vibration to one which did not.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Psychonomic Science; 27; May 10
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  • 44
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    Isolation and characterization of ultraviolet light-sensitive mutants of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Three independently isolated ultraviolet light sensitive (uvs) mutants of Anacystis nidulans were characterized. Strain uvs-1 showed the highest sensitivity to UV by its greatly reduced photoreactivation capacity following irradiation. Pretreatment with caffeine suppressed the dark-survival curve of strain uvs-1, thus indicating the presence of excision enzymes involved in dark repair. Under 'black' and 'white' illumination, strain uvs-1 shows photorecovery properties comparable with wild-type cultures. Results indicate that strains uvs-1, uvs-35, and uvs-88 are probably genetically distinct UV-sensitive mutants.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 110; June 197
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  • 45
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    Exobiology, Jupiter and life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent experiments in an environmental chamber have shown that not even hardy terrestrial bacteria can survive on the Martian surface. The planet Jupiter is now considered by many to be the most likely place to find nonterrestrial life. Atmospheric simulation experiments for Jupiter that have been performed involve spark or semicorona discharges in mixtures of methane and ammonia at room temperature and a pressure lower than atmospheric. Terrestrial microorganisms have been shown capable of surviving 24 hr under a range of possible Jovian atmospheric conditions. The final mode of approach to the question of Jovian life concerns theoretical studies on the sort of chemical systems from which life could be generated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Spaceflight; 14; June 197
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  • 46
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    Acute changes in the central nervous system of monkeys exposed to protons. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of the changes occurring in simian brain exposed to protons of varied energy, given in wide dose and dose-rate ranges. Results show that inflammatory reaction and glycogen accumulation in astrocytes occurred practically in all animals. Cerebral cortical necrosis, granule cell pyknosis, and inflammatory reaction occurred at doses far lower than effective for high-energy gamma radiation given other series of monkeys at comparable dose rates. Metallic impregnation, carried out in virtually all the animals tested, revealed a wide variation in glial response even at equal doses and dose rates in the same proton energy series. Proton energy effect, dose effect, dose-time effect, and dose-rate effect were evident in the various morphological categories investigated, but inconsistencies were encountered.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology; 31; Jan. 197
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  • 47
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    Comparative anatomy of the vestibular nuclear complex in submammalian vertebrates. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A synopsis of the literature on the natural history of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in lower vertebrates is presented in an attempt to assess the knowledge available. The review discloses that there is considerable descriptive information that is widely dispersed in the literature. However, information about the topology, number, and cellular composition of the cell groups that compose the VNC is sketchy. Major cytological and hodological information is still needed to establish which parts of the VNC actually are homologous.
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  • 48
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    Search for biogenic structures and viable organisms in lunar samples - A review. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to summarize the examinations and tests of the lunar samples to date and point out the limitations and tentative conclusions regarding the biology of the moon. The low levels of organic carbon, the lack of hydrous minerals, and inability to hold an atmosphere all make it unlikely that the moon could provide sufficient sources of organics and water to generate even the rudimentary beginnings of chemical precursors to life.
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  • 49
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    Solvent effects on enzymes - Implications for extraterrestrial life. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of several studies on the alterations taking place in the structure, catalytic activity, specificity, and stability of an enzyme when some or all of the water in the medium is replaced by another solvent. These studies show the utility of solvents as a tool for probing enzyme function. They also suggest that solvents other than water should be investigated as media for controlling and directing enzyme reactions.
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  • 50
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    Evolution of ribonuclease in relation to polypeptide folding mechanisms. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Comparisons of the N-terminal region of pancreatic RNAase in seven species are presented, taking into account cow, bison, deer, rat, pig, kangaroo, and turtle. The available limited evidence on hypervariable regions indicates that there is still an evolutionary constraint on them. It is proposed that there is a selection pressure acting on all regions of a protein sequence in evolution. Mutations that tend to obstruct the folding process can lead to various intensities of selection pressure.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 240; Dec. 15
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  • 51
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    Thyroid and adrenal cortical rhythmicity during bed rest. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of prolonged bed rest on adrenocortical and thyroid function were assessed in eight healthy males, aged 20-40 years, who were submitted to bed rest for 56 days on a 14L:10D regimen (lights-on, 9:00 AM). Four of these subjects exercised three times daily throughout the experiment. Circulating cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine, concentrations were determined in blood samples drawn at four hourly intervals for 48-hr periods before, 10, 20, 30, 42, and 54 days during, and 10 days post-bed rest. Significant fluctuations in the circulating levels of all three hormones occurred with peaks at 7:30 AM. The suggestion is advanced that thyroid rhythms may be posture dependent.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; Nov. 197
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  • 52
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    A salt-inhibited cytochrome c reductase obtained from the moderately halophilic bacterium, Micrococcus halodenitrificans. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Bacteriology; 112; Oct. 197
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  • 53
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    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-U.S. Public Health Service Health Evaluation and Enhancement Program - Summary of results. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An exercise program was initiated in a federal agency to assess the feasibility of such a program, and to identify the factors that influenced joining, adherence to, and effectiveness of the program. The program was utilized by 237 of the 998 eligible federal employees; mean attendance rate was 1.3 days/week. Those who volunteered perceived a need for increased physical activity, believed they had sufficient time to participate and derived subjective as well as objective benefits. Significant improvements were found in heart rate response to the standard exercise test, body weight, skinfold measurements and triglyceride levels.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: American Journal of Cardiology; 30; Nov. 197
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  • 54
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    Natural aging and radiation-induced life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development; 1; 1972
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  • 55
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    Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. VII - Solubilization properties of menadione reductase. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Biological Chemistry; 247; May 25
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  • 56
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    Chemical evolution and the origin of life - Bibliography supplement 1970. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 57
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    'Thunder' - Shock waves in pre-biological organic synthesis. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Theoretical study of the gasdynamics and chemistry of lightning-produced shock waves in a postulated primordial reducing atmosphere. It is shown that the conditions are similar to those encountered in a previously performed shock-tube experiment which resulted in 36% of the ammonia in the original mixture being converted into amino acids. The calculations give the (very large) energy rate of about 0.4 cal/sq cm/yr available for amino acid production, supporting previous hypotheses that 'thunder' could have been responsible for efficient large-scale production of organic molecules serving as precursors of life.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 58
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    Habitability factors in a rotating space station. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Factors aiding man to adjust to the artificial gravity environment of a rotating space station in orbit are considered. From recent experiments reported by Newsom et al. (1966), it is known that, if man is taken stepwise into a rotating environment, he can adjust (without becoming ill) to spin rates above that required for maintaining an artificial gravity environment in a space station. Little or no data are available, and much work remains to be done in the area of prehabituation and the rate at which habituation is extinguished. At least three factors must be considered in the design of an artificial gravity space station, and these factors directly affect the degree of habitability of the space-station environment. The three factors are rotation rate, stability, and Coriolis force.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 59
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    Neuropathological evaluation of monkeys exposed to body-alone X-radiation. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Investigation of the problem of whether morphological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) following whole-body irradiation are attributable in part to abscopal factors. The 12 monkeys irradiated and the 6 that served as controls were chosen from a pool of 25 young monkeys. Over the postirradiation survival period of 14 days the hematocrit and hemoglobin values varied only slightly from the baseline values and from the values in the 6 control animals. White cell fractions were reduced in quantity but tended to recover relatively soon after irradiation. The design of this experiment was regarded as adequate to allow a conclusion whether pathological changes in the CNS of the irradiated animals differed from or exceeded those observed in the control animals. That such occurred on both counts in 3 of the 12 irradiated animals was evident. It appears that all the lesions must have been abscopally induced.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 60
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    The influence of clinostat rotation on the fertilized amphibian egg. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study in which unrestrained, fertilized eggs of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis were rotated in a plane parallel to the normal gravity vector. In R. pipiens rotation at 1/4 rpm for five days at 18 C produced a significantly increased number of commonly occurring abnormalities. Rotation at 1/15, 1/8, 1, 2, 5 and 10 rpm did not significantly affect normal development. X. laevis eggs reacted similarly. R. pipiens eggs were most sensitive to rotation at 1/4 rpm when exposure was initiated before first cleavage. Mixing of intracellular constituents apparently occurred only at 1/4 rpm in R. pipiens (of the clinostat speeds studied), and may have been the cause of the increased abnormality observed at this rate.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 61
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    The effects of various cure cycles upon the viability of Bacillus subtillis var. niger spores within solid propellant. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Saturethane solid propellant was used in all tests. The spore inoculum was evenly distributed in the propellant. Samples weighing approximately 5 g were aseptically removed, placed into curing ovens, and exposed to cure temperatures. Initial tests were conducted at 82 and 93 C. Analysis of the obtained data indicated that the survivor curves were not linear. Exposure of the inoculated propellant samples to 93 C reduced the initial population to less than 0.01% in about 20 hours. At 82 C, approximately 168 hours were required for a similar reduction. Tests involving curing temperatures of 105 and 115 C were also conducted. It is pointed out that changes in the mechanism of spore inactivation due to chemical and physical changes in the propellant could account for the nonlinear survivor curves obtained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Space Life Sciences; 3; June 197
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  • 62
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    Brain tumors in irradiated monkeys. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of 32 monkeys which survived one to seven years after total body exposure to protons or to high-energy X rays. Among these 32 monkeys there were 21 which survived two years or longer after exposure to 200 to 800 rad. Glioblastoma multiforme developed in 3 of the 10 monkeys surviving three to five years after receiving 600 or 800 rad 55-MeV protons. Thus, the incidence of tumor development in the present series was far higher than the incidence of spontaneously developing brain tumors in monkeys cited in the literature. This suggests that the tumors in the present series may have been radiation-induced.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Acta Neuropathologica; 20; 1972
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    Simulation of the human cardiovascular system - A model with normal responses to change of posture, blood loss, transfusion, and autonomic blockade. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
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    Type: Simulation; 18; June 197
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  • 64
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    Past and future space flight experiments on man and their spin-off contribution to world health. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The manned space-flight program has created some requirements which were new to the practice of medicine. The remoteness of the patient made it necessary to provide sensing and transmitting capability for various physiologic functions. The space and weight penalties in a spacecraft required that such sensors and related equipment be miniaturized and of a noninterfering nature as far as the crewmen were concerned. The need for continually increasing flight durations created a requirement for a type of equipment reliability previously unknown to medicine. The requirement to protect the crewmen against the environment of space and provide a habitable spacecraft has produced a series of ground-based medical applications.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Astronautica Acta; 17; Apr. 197
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    Advanced research to qualify man for long term weightlessness. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: NASA is in the process of conducting a broad program of research and development of technology to qualify, support, and permit the successful use of man in long-term space flight. The technological tasks include human engineering, extravehicular engineering, life support, and human research to assess the effect of space stresses on human physiology and psychology. Various testing techniques that are being used may have future relevance to world health. These include a biocybernetic approach to the study of cardiovascular stresses, measurement of blood flow by means of the Doppler effect, and a device for simulating radiation dosages similar to those produced in solar flares. The planned program includes a study of both humans and animals.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Astronautica Acta; 17; Apr. 197
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  • 66
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    A common modality of action of simulated space stresses on the oxidative metabolism of ethylmorphine, aniline and p-nitroanisole by male rat liver. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High gravity, cold and starvation elicited similar responses in male Simonson rats. These responses included a decreased rate in body weight gain, increased metabolism of aniline and p-nitroanisole, and no consistent pattern of change in the metabolism of ethylmorphine. Cold and starvation increased the amount of hepatic cytochrome P-450, while hypobaric-hyperoxia caused no change in any of the parameters measured. When 1% acetone was given to the rats in their drinking water, the effects on drug metabolism were similar to those produced by food restriction in that the metabolism of aniline and p-nitroanisole was increased, and the metabolism of ethylmorphine unchanged. The type I binding spectrum of acetone suggests that it is either a substrate, inhibitor, or both for hepatitic oxidative enzymes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology; 21; 1972
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    Nutrition and Musculoskeletal Function: Skylab Experiment Series Number M070 (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The M070 experiments are expected to give medical investigators precise information on a variety of biochemical changes occurring during exposure to space flight. Sufficient control data are being generated by baseline studies to differentiate those effects that are caused by weightless flight and those that are caused by other abnormal conditions that normally accompany spaceflight.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 10 p
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    Development of Sensitive and Direct Methods for Measuring Plasma Aldosterone and Catecholamine Concentrations (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Radioimmunoassays for renin activity, angiotensin 1, and angiotensin 2 in the study of vasomotor regulation give new insight into the role of the renin system in maintaining postural homeostatsis. Similar laboratory procedures for specific assays of aldosterone and catecholamines achieve accurate determinations in small human blood samples.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 12 p
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    Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, and Vitamin D (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Analyses of secretion of parathyroid hormone during tests of stimulation and suppression of hormone-secretory activity using infusions of EDTA and calcium, respectively, have established that, in contrast to previous views, secretion of the hormone is not autonomous in many patients that have adenomatous hyperparathyroidism, but is responsive to changes in blood-calcium concentration. These findings have led to a new understanding of the pathophysiology of hormone production in hyperparathy-roidism. A related application of the diagnostic use of the radioimmunoassay is the preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors and the distinction between adenomas and chief-cell hyperplasia. Work involving catheterization and radioimmunoassay of blood samples obtained from the subclavin and innominate veins and the venae cavae, led to localization in a high percentage of patients. However, this procedure has been adopted recently to detect hormone concentration in the small veins directly draining the parathyroid glands.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 28 p
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  • 70
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    Studies of the Renin-aldosterone System and Sodium Homeostasis During Simulated Weightlessness: Application of the Water Immersion Model to Man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The ability of water immersion to reproducibly suppress renin and aldosterone and to produce a significant natriuresis in man during weightlessness simulation is proven. It is concluded that the water immersion model constitutes a useful tool for elucidating the mechanism of natriuresis occurring during manned space flight and the specific countermeasures for use in its management.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 13 p
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    The NASA-USPHS Health Evaluation and Enhancement Program (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: An exercise program was initiated to assess the feasibility of an on the job health evaluation and enhancement program, as well as to identify the factors which influenced volunteering, adherence, and effectiveness of the program. The program was utilized by 237 of the 998 eligible Federal employees, with a mean attendance of 1.3 days per week. Those who volunteered perceived a need for increased physical activity, felt they had sufficient time to participate, and derived subjective as well as objective benefits. Significant improvements were found in heart rate response to the standard exercise test, body weight, skinfold measurements, and triglycerides. A consistent relationship was found between subjectively reported effects of the program on work, health habits, and behavior, and improvement in cardiovascular function, based on treadmill performance. Numerous personal and programmatic factors influencing volunteering and participation were identified.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Proc. of the Ann. Conf. of NASA Clinic Directors, Environ. Health Offic. and Med. Program Advisors; p 173-195
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  • 72
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    Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Levels in Ground Based Studies (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Baseline values of immunoreactive ACTH were established in the normal healthy adult. Normal levels of ACTH secretion were determined for both the male and the female in circulating plasma and serum. The data obtained in these studies are particularly significant in that the sampling was carefully controlled; only healthy employed individuals of both sexes were tested in a routine work situation that would not be considered conducive to stress. It has been found that alterations in the classically described circadian rhythm of ACTH secretion can occur when activities (such as work/rest cycles) are imposed on the individual studied. These changes can be demonstrated even when there is no appreciable change noted in the rhythm of hydrocortisone secretion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 9 p
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  • 73
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    Estimation of Vasopressin Excretion in the Urine as a Method of Monitoring Vasopressin Secretion During Space Flight (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: It is demonstrated that, under the circumstances of space flight, the measurement of plasma ADH levels might be misleading and that only the urinary ADH levels provide reliable information. The results of a partially completed survey of ADH levels in urine samples from human subjects in which simultaneous plasma ADH levels were available are included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 12 p
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  • 74
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    The Medical Aspects of Space Flight Seen from the Viewpoint of Nuclear Medicine (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Radionuclide volume measurements performed on crews of selected Apollo missions indicate the following: (1) Invariably, there is a small drop in red-cell mass of the returning crewmembers; (2) plasma-volume decreases similar to those experienced during bedrest are found in crewmen of short Gemini missions. After longer missions, the plasma-volume decrease is no longer present; (3) extracellular- and total-body water changes prove that spaceflight weight loss includes actual tissue losses; and (4) the loss of total-body exchangeable potassium after the Apollo 15 mission is evidence of increased aldosterone secretion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 8 p
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  • 75
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    Urinary Excretion of Antidiuretic Hormone in Man (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: It is shown that urinary excretion of ADH can be detected readily and quantitated accurately. The ADH excretion in normal subjects is inhibited following the administration of a water load and stimulated following water deprivation. It appears that measurement of ADH excretion in man provides a means of quantitating alterations in neurohypophyseal ADH secretion. By determining not only the basal excretion of ADH but also the response to such physiological influences as water loading and dehydration, it becomes possible to study the dynamics of ADH release. Thus, the ability to extract ADH efficiently from urine combined with a sensitive and specific technique for determination of ADH concentration allows the exploration of regulatory systems for ADH control in the normal state as well as the etiological role of altered ADH secretion in clinical disorders of water balance.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 15 p
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  • 76
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    Endocrine Laboratory Results Apollo Missions 14 and 15 (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: Endocrine/metabolic responses to space flight have been measured on the crewmen of Apollo missions 14 and 15. There were significant biochemical changes in the crewmen of both missions immediately postflight. However, the Apollo 15 mission results differed from Apollo 14 and preflight shown by a normal to increased urine volume with slight increases in antidiuretic hormone. Although Apollo 15 was the first mission in which the exchangeable potassium measurement was made (a decrease), results from other missions were indicative of similar conclusions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the 1971 Manned Spacecraft Center Endocrine Program Conf.; 21 p
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  • 77
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    Apparent paradoxical patterns of anaerobic glycolysis and hexokinase activity in the red blood cells of acutely bled rats, with evidence that the responses were in part hormone-dependent. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: British Journal of Haematology; 23; Oct. 197
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  • 78
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    Cinemicrographic study of the development of subsurface colonies of Staphylococcus aureus in soft agar. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 24; Nov. 197
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  • 79
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    Visual perception of accelerated nitrogen nuclei interacting with the human retina. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Visual phenomena have now been observed in high-energy nitrogen beams produced at the Berkeley Bevatron. Using a nitrogen beam deflected at about 266 MeV/nucleon, three scientifically trained subjects made a series of observations. These observations confirm earlier hypotheses and argue for electronic excitation in or near the outer segments as the important mechanism. A picture showing a simplified anatomy of the left eye in horizontal section is presented. Three regions where various beam positions intercepted visual nervous structures are indicated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 239; Sept. 22
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  • 80
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    Electroadhesive devices for zero-g intra/extravehicular activities. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Initial studies of the electroadhesive phenomenon are shown to indicate that electroadhesors are potentially usable as zero-g assistive devices for a range of intra- and extravehicular activities in space missions. These uses generally are related to astronaut and cargo maneuvering, worksite restraint, and tool and equipment tiedown.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 9; Apr. 197
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  • 81
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    Responses of blind fish to gravitational changes as achieved in parabolic flight (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: Blind fish, during parabolic flight, display a measurable and consistent behavior. The most spectacular new behavioral response is the forward looping of blind fish in or near weightlessness. This response shows no measurable adaptation during the entire period of weightlessness of about 30 sec. During the entrance and exit of weightless parabolas (pushover and pullout) respectively, the fish assumes a forward tilted diving position. Parabolic flight with negative g in the range between 0g and -1g causes similar diving responses of the fish with the only difference being that the dive is directed toward the top of the fish tank. When the response to a g value less than 1g is compared to the response to increased g load on the ground (escape of darting response) an essential difference is seen: higher horizontal acceleration or jerk on the ground causes fish to swim, or even dart, against the direction of inertial force; fish during weightless parabolas move into the direction of the inertial or gravitational force. Since the vestibular system of fish is homologous to that of man, the observed behavior of fish in weightless flight could help to better understand human performance and sensations in comparable situations.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: AGARD Predictability of Motion Sickness in the Selection of Pilots; 4 p
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  • 82
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    Medical technology advances from space research (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Details of medical research and development programs, particularly an integrated medical laboratory, as derived from space technology are given. The program covers digital biotelemetry systems, automatic visual field mapping equipment, sponge electrode caps for clinical electroencephalograms, and advanced respiratory analysis equipment. The possibility of using the medical laboratory in ground based remote areas and regional health care facilities, as well as long duration space missions is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Space for Mankind's Benefit; p 237-244
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  • 83
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    Breathing metabolic simulator (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A description is given of an automatic computer controlled second generation breathing metabolic simulator (BMS). The simulator is used for evaluating and testing respiratory diagnostic, monitoring, support, and resuscitation equipment. Any desired sequence of metabolic activities can be simulated on the device for up to 15 hours. The computer monitors test procedures and provides printouts of test results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Space for Mankind's Benefit; p 231-235
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  • 84
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    Domestic applications for aerospace waste and water management technologies (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some of the aerospace developments in solid waste disposal and water purification, which are applicable to specific domestic problems are explored. Also provided is an overview of the management techniques used in defining the need, in utilizing the available tools, and in synthesizing a solution. Specifically, several water recovery processes will be compared for domestic applicability. Examples are filtration, distillation, catalytic oxidation, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis. Solid disposal methods will be discussed, including chemical treatment, drying, incineration, and wet oxidation. The latest developments in reducing household water requirements and some concepts for reusing water will be outlined.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Space for Mankind's Benefit; p 221-230
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  • 85
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    Development of analysis techniques for remote sensing of vegetation resources (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Various data handling and analysis techniques are summarized for evaluation of ERTS-A and supporting high flight imagery. These evaluations are concerned with remote sensors applied to wildland and agricultural vegetation resource inventory problems. Monitoring California's annual grassland, automatic texture analysis, agricultural ground data collection techniques, and spectral measurements are included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Review, Vol. 5; 13 p
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  • 86
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    Public health applications of remote sensing (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Remote infrared and multispectral photography were used to identify coastal salt water-fresh water interfaces conducive to encephalitis vector mosquito breeding in Florida, and to determine the environmental conditions that caused an explosive outbreak of anthrax in Louisiana. Multiband photographic inventories were obtained by simultaneously processing three photographic negatives of the same view which record different wavelength portions of the same light. The process enhances differentiation of vegetative communities and sharply delineates edge effects by assigning false colors to differentiate subtle density differences.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 1; 20 p
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  • 87
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    An altitude chamber rescue ensemble (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Altitude chamber tests accomplished with the astronaut crews in the spacecraft at a simulated altitude of above 200,000 ft requires that a rescue team be provided in the event of an accident in the spacecraft. The rescue crew is stationed in an airlock maintained at an altitude of 18,000 ft. A protective ensemble provides the rescue crew with life support capabilities, communications, and protection in the event of an emergency. In the event of an emergency, repressurization of the chamber is initiated; as the chamber descends, the airlock ascends and the two meet at 25,000 ft. This phase of the emergency repressurization takes less than 30 sec.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 351-358
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  • 88
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    An emergency survival suit (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A thermally insulative inflatable garment designed specifically as a lightweight low storage volume emergency suit for subzero weather survival is reported. Testing confirms that the inflatable suit design satisfies the objectives for a subject standing at rest with environmental temperatures down to -450 F if the garment is inflated with Freon.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 347-350
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  • 89
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    Catalyzed sodium chlorate candles (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The catalytic effect of cobalt powder on chlorate decomposition has been confirmed. Catalysis is enhanced by oxidation of the metal during burning. Catalysts other than cobalt compounds should also be effective; the complete elimination of fuel has shown that the oxidation of cobalt during decomposition is not a vital factor in the improved performance of catalyzed candles.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 335-345
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  • 90
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    Influence of facemask design on operational performance (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Spirometric measurements of oxygen volume and determination of the amount of argon in exhaled breath are used to analyze facemask design efficiency during treadmill walking tests with subjects carrying plastic hoods filled with argon. Facemask leakage measurements established the better performance of a pneumatic seal type mask in comparison with plain seal type masks.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems p325-333 (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 91
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    Breathing metabolic simulator (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a breathing metabolic simulator (BMS) is reported. This BMS simulates all of the breathing and metabolic parameters required for complete evaluation and test of life support and resuscitation equipment. It is also useful for calibrating and validating mechanical and gaseous pulmonary function test procedures. Breathing rate, breathing depth, breath velocity contour, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide release are all variable over wide ranges simulating conditions from sleep to hard work with respiratory exchange ratios covering the range from hypoventilation. In addition, all of these parameters are remotely controllable to facilitate use of the device in hostile or remote environments. The exhaled breath is also maintained at body temperature and a high humidity. The simulation is accurate to the extent of having a variable functional residual capacity independent of other parameters.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 315-324
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  • 92
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    Respiratory protective device design using control system techniques (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The feasibility of a control system analysis approach to provide a design base for respiratory protective devices is considered. A system design approach requires that all functions and components of the system be mathematically identified in a model of the RPD. The mathematical notations describe the operation of the components as closely as possible. The individual component mathematical descriptions are then combined to describe the complete RPD. Finally, analysis of the mathematical notation by control system theory is used to derive compensating component values that force the system to operate in a stable and predictable manner.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 305-314
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  • 93
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    Effect of neck warming and cooling on thermal comfort (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The potential use of local neck cooling in an area superficial to the cerebral arteries was evaluated by circulating cold or hot water through two copper disks held firmly against the neck. Subjective responses indicated that neck cooling improves the thermal comfort in a hot environment.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 289-294
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  • 94
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    Tolerance to external breathing resistance with particular reference to high inspiratory resistance (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The ability of men to exercise while breathing through graded inspiratory resistances was studied in order to define acceptable respiratory mouthpiece assembly standards. Experimental results with subjects wearing breathing masks and walking for 30 min on treadmills were used to calculate expiratory work rates. It is concluded that the airflow must be appropriate to the upper limit of minute ventilation likely to be encountered in the men wearing the apparatus.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 295-303
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  • 95
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    A liquid cooled garment temperature controller based on sweat rate (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An automatic controller for liquid cooled space suits is reported that utilizes human sweat rate as the primary input signal. The controller is so designed that the coolant inlet temperature is inversely proportional to the subject's latent heat loss as evidenced by evaporative water loss.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 283-287
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  • 96
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    Portable life support for instrumentation of an offshore platform (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A compressor was used to supply air through a nylon hose to the offshore platform field engineer working at the bottom of the piling. Air quality in the pile was sampled periodically for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and combustible gases by an universal tester and an explosion meter.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 257-264
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  • 97
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    Potential techniques and development activities in diver suit heating (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A prototype compact reactor suitable for combustion of propane with oxygen under shallow as well as submerged deep submergence diving conditions is reported. The device is used to heat the circulating water in a water tube-type diving suit.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems; p 247-256
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  • 98
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    A flight-rated liquid-cooled garment for use within a full-pressure suit (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A flight rated liquid cooled garment system for use inside a full pressure suit has been designed, fabricated, and tested. High temperature tests with this system have indicated that heat is absorbed at a rate decreasing from 224 kg-cal/hr to 143 kg-cal/hr over a 40-min period. The first 30 min are very comfortable; thereafter a gradual heat load builds that results in mild sweating at the end of the 40-min period. In flight tests during hot weather when this cooling system was worn under a regulation flight suit, the pilot reported that temperatures were comfortable and that the garment prevented sweating.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 99
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    Thermal protection of divers (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Various diving suit-heating element combinations are evaluated in an effort to achieve a diving capability to depths of 1000 ft in water temperatures down to 29 F. Wet suits, dry suits and suits made of incompressible material are reported, and suit heat replacement by circulation of hot water with heating by cemented electrical elements is described.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems p229-235 (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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  • 100
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    Operation and testing of Mark 10 Mod 3 underwater breathing apparatus (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Performance tests on a closed circuit, mixed gas underwater breathing apparatus are reported. The equipment is designed to provide a minimum diving duration of four hours at 1500 ft below sea surface; it senses oxygen partial pressure in the breathing gas mix and controls oxygen content of the breathing gas within narrow limits about a preset value. The breathing circuit subsystem provides respirable gas to the diver and removes carbon dioxide and moisture from the expired gas. Test results indicate undesirable variations in oxygen partial pressure with oxygen addition and insufficient carbon dioxide absorption.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Second Conf. on Portable Life Support Systems (SEE N72-27106 18-05)
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