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  • 1
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    Plasma volume and blood constituent shifts during +Gz acceleration after bedrest with exercise conditioning (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Apr. 197
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  • 2
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    Plasma lactic dehydrogenase activities in men during bed rest with exercise training (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Peak oxygen uptake and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH-T) and its five isoenzymes were measured by spectrophotometer in seven men before, during, and after bed rest and exercise training. Exercise training consisted of isometric leg exercises of 250 kcal/hr for a period of one hour per day. It is found that LDH-T was reduced by 0.05 percent in all three regimens by day 10 of bed rest, and that the decrease occurred at different rates. The earliest reduction in LDH-T activity in the no-exercise regimen was associated with a decrease in peak oxygen uptake of 12.3 percent. It is concluded that isometric (aerobic) muscular strength training appear to maintain skeletal muscle integrity better during bed rest than isotonic exercise training. Reduced hydrostatic pressure during bed rest, however, ultimately counteracts the effects of both moderate isometric and isotonic exercise training, and may result in decreased LDH-T activity.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 56; 193-198
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  • 3
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    Disproportional changes in hematocrit, plasma volume, and proteins during exercise and bed rest. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The interrelationships between the changes in plasma volume, hematocrit, and plasma proteins during muscular exercise and bed rest were investigated. Proportionally, the changes in hematocrit are always smaller than the changes in plasma volume. For this reason changes in the concentration of blood constituents can only be quantitated on the basis of plasma volume changes. During short periods of intensive exercise, there was a small loss of plasma proteins. With prolonged submaximal exercise there was a net gain in plasma protein, which contributes to stabilization of the vascular volume. Prolonged bed rest induced hypoproteinemia; this loss of plasma protein probably plays an important role in recumbency hypovolemia.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 33; July 197
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  • 4
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    Fluid-electrolyte shifts and maximal oxygen uptake in man at simulated altitude /2,287 m/ (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Experiments were conducted on six trained distance runners (21-23 yr) subjected to an eight-day dietary control at sea level, followed by an eight-day stay in an altitude chamber (2287-m altitude) and a four-day recovery at sea level. Fluid and electrolyte shifts during exercise at altitude were evaluated to gain insight into the mechanism of reduction in working capacity. The results are discussed in terms of resting fluid volumes and blood constituents, maximal exercise variables, and maximal exercise fluid-electrolyte shifts. Since there are no significant changes in fluid balance or resting plasma volume (PV) at altitude, it is concluded that neither these nor the excessive PV shifts with exercise contribute to the reduction in maximal oxygen uptake at altitude. During altitude exposure the percent loss in PV is found to follow the percent reduction in maximal oxygen uptake; however, on the first day of recovery the percent change in PV remains depressed while maximal oxygen uptake returns to control levels.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 44
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  • 5
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    Effects of isometric and isotonic exercise on body water compartments during 14 days bed rest (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Life Sci. Publ., Vol. 1; 2 p
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  • 6
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    Vascular uptake of rehydration fluids in hypohydrated men at rest and exercise (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The purpose of this study was to formulate and to evaluate rehydration drinks, which would restore total body water and plasma volume (PV), for astronauts to consume before and during extravehicular activity, a few hours before reentry, and immediately after landing. In the first experiment (rest, sitting), five healthy men (23-41 yr), previously dehydrated for 24 hr., drank six (1a, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7) fluid formulations (one each at weekly intervals) and then sat for 70 min. Pre-test PV were measured with Evans blue dye and changes in PV were calculated with the hematocrit-hemoglobin transformation equation. This rest experiment simulated hypohydrated astronauts preparing for reentry. The second experiment (exercise, supine) followed the same protocol except four healthy men (30-46 yr) worked for 70 min. in the supine position on a cycle ergometer at a mean load of 71+/-1 percent of their peak aerobic work capacity. This exercise experiment simulated conditions for astronauts with reduced total body water engaging in extravehicular activity.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-103942 , A-92113 , NAS 1.15:103942
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  • 7
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    Fluid and electrolyte shifts during bed rest with isometric and isotonic exercise (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is difficult to separate the effects of reduction in hydrostatic pressure from that of reduced energy expenditure when investigating the confinement deconditioning problem. Experiments were conducted on seven healthy young men aged 19-21 yr with the purpose of separating these two factors by using isotonic physical exercise during bed rest to provide a daily energy expenditure greater than normal ambulatory levels. Fluid and electrolyte shifts were measured during three two-week bed rest periods, each of which being separated by a three-week ambulatory recovery period. During two of the three bed rest periods they performed isometric and isotonic exercises to compare their effects on fluid and electrolyte shifts during bed rest. It is shown that during bed rest, preservation of the extracellular volume takes precedence over maintenance of the plasma volume and that this mechanism is independent of the effects of isometric or isotonic exercise.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 42
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  • 8
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    Effects of exercise on fluid exchange and body composition in man during 14-day bed rest (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A description is presented of an investigation in which body composition, fluid intake, and fluid and electrolyte losses were measured in seven normal, healthy men during three 2-wk bed-rest periods, separated by two 3-wk recovery periods. During bed rest the subjects remained in the horizontal position continuously. During the dietary control periods, body mass decreased significantly with all three regimens, including no exercise, isometric exercise, and isotonic excercise. During bed rest, body mass was essentially unchanged with no exercise, but decreased significantly with isotonic and isometric exercise. With one exception, there were no statistically significant changes in body density, lean body mass, or body fat content by the end of each of the three bed-rest periods.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 43
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  • 9
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    Body water compartments during bed rest: Evaluation of analytical methods (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nine healthy young men were studied to determine the reproducibility and interchangeability of the use of radio-iodinated human serum albumin and Evans Blue dye for estimating plasma volume, sodium bromide for extracellular fluid volume, and deuterium oxide for total body water volume. All subjects were tested in a semibasal condition and allowed to rest for at least 30 min. after arriving at the laboratory. The results indicate that there was uniform distribution of I131 and Evans Blue dye 10 min. after injection and of NaBr and D2O 3 hours after oral ingestion; the buildup of residual tracer did not interfere appreciably with the measurement of either or Evans Blue spaces when they are administered at equal intervals, and the buildup of background tracer after ingestion of NaBr and D2O once per week for three consecutive weeks did not affect the accuracy of the measurement. It was found that I131 and Evans Blue may be used interchangeably for estimating plasma volume; for estimating bromide and D2O spaces, one 3-hour equilibrium blood sample gives results similar to the extrapolation of multiple samples.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TR-R-406 , A-4656
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  • 10
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    Vascular Uptake of Six Rehydration Drinks at Rest and Exercise (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: A report presents data on the effectiveness of each of six rehydration fluids in restoring total body water and plasma volume in human subjects during rest and exercise. One of the six fluids was water sweetened with aspartame: the others were water containing various amounts of sodium chloride and/or sodium citrate, plus various amounts of aspartame and/or other carbohydrates. In one experiment, five men who had previously dehydrated themselves for 24 hours drank one of the rehydration fluids, then sat for 70 minutes. Pretest plasma volumes were measured and changes in plasma volumes were calculated. This procedure was repeated at weekly intervals until all six rehydration fluids had been tested. Another similar experiment involved four men who exercised on a cycle ergometer for 70 minutes in the supine position after drinking the fluids.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: ARC-13390 , NASA Tech Briefs; 20; 116
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