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  • 1
  • 2
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Signatur: M 18.91571
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Serie: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Klassifikation:
    Tektonik
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Signatur: ZS 22.95039
    Materialart: Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Anmerkung: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Signatur: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Signatur: M 15.89146
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 223 S., , Ill.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Signatur: Z 06.0500
    Materialart: Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Seiten: 30 cm
    ISSN: 1824-7741
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorgänger Geologisch-paläontologische Mitteilungen, Innsbruck
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Anmerkung: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    London : Penguin Books
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    ISBN: 9780141985206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: RIFS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Monographie Präsenzbestand
    Monographie Präsenzbestand
    Leiden : Nijhoff ; 1.2009 -
    Signatur: IASS 17.92082
    Materialart: Monographie Präsenzbestand
    ISSN: 1876-8814
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: RIFS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Signatur: 3/S 07.0034(2016)
    In: Annual report
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 51 Seiten
    ISSN: 1865-6439 , 1865-6447
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Annual report ... / Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-11
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data collection contains airborne hyperspectral data as well as accompanying in-situ data acquired in autumn 2011 in the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The dataset is composed of a) three airborne hyperspectral image strips acquired during an overflight on September 10th, 2011 with the APEX instrument. The airborne data consists of 288 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (413 - 2449 nm). A mosaic of the three image strips covering the Neusling test area is also provided; b) spectral reference and control measurements acquired with a portable ASD FieldSpec 3 JR spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) taken parallel to the overflight; c) a spatially comprehensive land use/land cover map generated from in-situ observations during the days next to the overflight; d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of sugar beet, maize, grassland and legumes (105 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (106 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 106 measurements of canopy height (incl. standard deviations). The dataset was collected with an agricultural focus.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Schlagwort(e): Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; LAI
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-11
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data collection contains airborne hyperspectral data as well as accompanying in-situ data acquired in autumn 2009 in the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The dataset is composed of a) two airborne hyperspectral image strips acquired during an overflight on July 27th, 2009 with the HyMap instrument over two areas; “Neusling” and “Steinbeissen”. The airborne data consists of 125 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (455 - 2478 nm); b) spectral reference measurements acquired with a portable ASD FieldSpec 3 JR spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) taken parallel to the overflight; c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps for both flight strips generated from in-situ observations during the days next to the overflight; d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) destructively measured aboveground dry biomass and canopy water content of maize, sugar beet and winter wheat (58 measurements), ii) non-destructive measurements of LAI of sugar beet and maize (52 measurements), iii) TDR soil moisture measurements covering the main land cover types in the area (250 measurements), iv) 249 measurements of canopy height, v) 199 observations of plant phenology. The dataset was intended to be used in an educational context and was collected with an agricultural focus.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Schlagwort(e): Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; Biomass ; Canopy Water Content ; LAI
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-11
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This data collection contains a multitemporal series of six airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during the growing season of 2012 over the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The airborne hyperspectral data is complemented by accompanying in-situ data acquired parallel to the overflights. The dataset is composed of a) four airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on April 28th 2012, May 25th 2012, June 16th 2012 and September 8th 2012 with the AVIS-3 imaging spectrometer. The AVIS data consists of 197 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (477 - 1704 nm); b) two airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights, which were conducted by the DLR user service OpAiRS (www.dlr.de/opairs) on May 8th 2012 and August 14th 2012 with a HySpex imaging spectrometer. The HySpex data consists of 332 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (417 - 2496 nm); c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps generated from in-situ observations for two time-windows during the growing season of 2012 (May and August); d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed (561 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (522 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 557 soil moisture measurements incl. standard deviations iv) 539 phenological observations v) 499 measurements of canopy height incl. standard deviations and vi) 38 measurements of plant density. The dataset was collected in order to cover the seasonal dynamics in the development of agricultural crops in Southern Germany.Erratum: Correct Acquisition date of the second HySpex flight was August 14th 2012, not August 12th 2012.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Schlagwort(e): Hyperspectral Imagery ; Field Spectroscopy ; Agriculture ; LAI
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-11
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on August 7th, 2008 and August 20th, 2009 consisting of 126 and 125 spectral bands, respectively, ranging from VIS to SWIR (456 - 2490 nm and 453 - 2480 nm) wavelength regions; b) spectral reference measurements acquired with an portable ASD field spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) in the same phenological periods of July/August/September 2008/09 c) plant species assemblages on 81 moist and 72 dry habitats consisting of the fractional cover of all vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The overall goal of the study was to map plant species shift along environmental gradients relating spectral information to the floristic composition. Reference plots of 1 or 2 m² size were thereby located in typical plant communities as well as in transition zones affected by species shift due to management measures such as grazing or shrub removal. In addition 17 field plots were analyzed with regard to soil horizon parameter (e.g. pH, grain size, carbonate content) in the year 2011. Soil types are further available on 51 auger probes.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Schlagwort(e): Imaging Spectroscopy ; Vegetation Ecology ; Environmental Gradients
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-11
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The dataset contains hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 3rd July 2014 consisting of 242 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (423 - 2438 nm) wavelength regions. It covers an area of about 78 km² which is dominated by beech and oak forests. The flight campaign was part of several flight campaigns within the EnMAP project and focused on hyperspectral analysis of plant physiology in deciduous forests in the Donnersberg region in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights
    Schlagwort(e): Imaging Spectroscopy ; Vegetation Ecology ; Forest
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Climate change and socioeconomic developments will have a decisive impact on people exposed to hunger. This study analyses climate change impacts on agriculture and potential implications for the occurrence of hunger under different socioeconomic scenarios for 2030, focusing on the world regions most affected by poverty today: the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. We use a spatially explicit, agroeconomic land-use model to assess agricultural vulnerability to climate change. The aims of our study are to provide spatially explicit projections of climate change impacts on Costs of Food, and to combine them with spatially explicit hunger projections for the year 2030, both under a poverty, as well as a prosperity scenario. Our model results indicate that while average yields decrease with climate change in all focus regions, the impact on the Costs of Food is very diverse. Costs of Food increase most in the Middle East and North Africa, where available agricultural land is already fully utilized and options to import food are limited. The increase is least in Sub-Saharan Africa, since production there can be shifted to areas which are only marginally affected by climate change and imports from other regions increase. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa can partly adapt to climate change, in our model, by modifying trade and expanding agricultural land. In the Middle East and North Africa, almost the entire population is affected by increasing Costs of Food, but the share of people vulnerable to hunger is relatively low, due to relatively strong economic development in these projections. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the Vulnerability to Hunger will persist, but increases in Costs of Food are moderate. While in South Asia a high share of the population suffers from increases in Costs of Food and is exposed to hunger, only a negligible number of people will be exposed at extreme levels. Independent of the region, the impacts of climate change are less severe in a richer and more globalized world. Adverse climate impacts on the Costs of Food could be moderated by promoting technological progress in agriculture. Improving market access would be advantageous for farmers, providing the opportunity to profitably increase production in the Middle East and North Africa as well as in South Asia, but may lead to increasing Costs of Food for consumers. In the long-term perspective until 2080, the consequences of climate change will become even more severe: while in 2030 56% of the global population may face increasing Costs of Food in a poor and fragmented world, in 2080 the proportion will rise to 73%.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-29
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: In August and September 2013, 17 shallow ocean bottom seismograph (S-OBS) stations and 8 land stations had been deployed on and around Muostakh Island (Laptev Sea, Russia) for a time period of 24 days. The specifically designed underwater recording equipment consists of a low-power digital recorder, a standard 4.5Hz 3-component geophone, and a battery pack. These components are enclosed in a watertight cylindrical container safe for operation down to 100m water depth. Land stations were also equipped with 4.5 Hz 1C-geophones as well as with batteries. All instruments recorded continuously with 200 samples per second (sps). The stations were deployed along two profiles covering a region of 8km x 8 km. The tilt of the geophone inside the S-OBS influences the sensor characteristics. Since the orientation and tilt at the ocean bottom was unknown, approximately every 24 hours a calibration signal (a sequence of step-functions) was applied to the sensors of the ocean stations. This might be used to recover the actual sensor characteristics (eigenfrequency and damping). The dataset contains 1) a info-folder with a) a README file; b) a file containing the times when calibration signals occurred (format: recorder_ID - date - time); c) the station table (ASCII; recorder_ID - latitude - longitude - (water)depth); d) a map of the region with the locations of the stations; 2) raw CUBE-formatted data; 3) converted mini-seed-formatted data (hourly files).
    Schlagwort(e): Seismology ; Laptev Sea (Russia) ; Cryosphere ; Solid Earth ; Permafrost
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , temporary seismological network
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-12
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired with AISA Eagle and Hawk imaging spectrometer data in the range 400 to 2500 nm on April 2 and August 9, 2011, with a ground sampling distance of 4 m in 12 and 15 flight lines, respectively; b) airborne LiDAR data acquired in single-pulse mode in August 2011 concurrent with hyperspectral data acquisition with an avarage point density of 0.7 hits per meter squared; c) spectral reference measurements acquired with a portable ASD field spectroradiometer around the days of image acquisitions d) fractional cover of green vegetation, dry vegetation, bare soil and rock were visually estimated for 60 (April) and 53 (August) transects of 20-m length. The overall goal of the study was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral and LiDAR data for assessing sediment connectivity at the hillslope to subcatchment scale. For that the fractional cover of green vegetation, dry vegetation, bare soil and rock was derived by applying a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis approach to the hyperspectral image data. The LiDAR point clouds were pre-processed to generate a digital elevation map as well as a vegetation height map, both with 4-m spatial resolution.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extracting geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights.
    Schlagwort(e): Imaging Spectroscopy ; Airborne Laserscanning ; Mediterranean drylands ; Ground fractional cover
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Carbon management
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The Fennec climate programme aims to improve understanding of the Saharan climate system through a synergy of observations and modelling. We present a description of the Fennec airborne observations during 2011 and 2012 over the remote Sahara (Mauritania and Mali) and the advances in the understanding of mineral dust and boundary layer processes they have provided. Aircraft instrumentation aboard the UK FAAM BAe146 and French SAFIRE (Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement) Falcon 20 is described, with specific focus on instrumentation specially developed for and relevant to Saharan meteorology and dust. Flight locations, aims and associated meteorology are described. Examples and applications of aircraft measurements from the Fennec flights are presented, highlighting new scientific results delivered using a synergy of different instruments and aircraft. These include (1) the first airborne measurement of dust particles sizes of up to 300 microns and associated dust fluxes in the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer (SABL), (2) dust uplift from the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet before becoming visible in SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager) satellite imagery, (3) vertical profiles of the unique vertical structure of turbulent fluxes in the SABL, (4) in situ observations of processes in SABL clouds showing dust acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) at −15 °C, (5) dual-aircraft observations of the SABL dynamics, thermodynamics and composition in the Saharan heat low region (SHL), (6) airborne observations of a dust storm associated with a cold pool (haboob) issued from deep convection over the Atlas Mountains, (7) the first airborne chemical composition measurements of dust in the SHL region with differing composition, sources (determined using Lagrangian backward trajectory calculations) and absorption properties between 2011 and 2012, (8) coincident ozone and dust surface area measurements suggest coarser particles provide a route for ozone depletion, (9) discrepancies between airborne coarse-mode size distributions and AERONET (AERosol Robotic NETwork) sunphotometer retrievals under light dust loadings. These results provide insights into boundary layer and dust processes in the SHL region – a region of substantial global climatic importance.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  Science
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 22
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Global Sustainability. Cultural Perspectives and Challenges for Transdisciplinary Integrated Research
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Französisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 24
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Renewable Energy Futures to 2050 [Weblog]
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: In a monetary economy of production, Say’s law is not verified for many reasons. On the basis of these refutations, it is possible to state that the demand issued from the revenues generated by the production process is structurally lower than the value of production. We study here the dynamics of such an economy and obtain two main results. First, the long-term debt of this economy has to increase along a growth phase to enable demand to grow at the same pace as supply. Secondly, due to the repayment of this debt, the gap between supply and the demand issued from the revenues generated by the production process widens along a growth phase.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and is home to numerous small islands. Many of these have already vanished, and those remaining are continuing to lose ground. Over a few decades several of these small places were abandoned as the waters started to roll over the lands around the mid-nineteenth century. Houses were torn down, while some people moved within or to other islands and others migrated to solid ground when other measures failed to secure the small islands. Some people left earlier than others, but there were moments when it became difficult to retain the society of the islands. By telling the story of the Chesapeake Islands, this paper outlines the reactions of individuals and society to changes in their living environment. The aim of the article is thereby to explore the variables influencing human thresholds to migration in times of changing environments. Societal factors, as well as natural stimuli, are explored that led to migration at a certain time and place. By drawing attention to the sinking islands in the Chesapeake, I advocate the consideration of examples from the Western Hemisphere in debates on island loss and migration.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 30
  • 31
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    In:  Washington Post
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
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    In:  Environmental science and policy
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 35
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 36
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    In:  Research Handbook on International Marine Environmental Law
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 38
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Encyclopedia of Science Education
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 39
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    RWTH Aachen University
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone–climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The Kathmandu Valley in south Asia is considered as one of the global "hot spots" in terms of urban air pollution. It is facing severe air quality problems as a result of rapid urbanization and land use change, socioeconomic transformation, and high population growth. In this paper, we present the first full year (February 2013–January 2014) analysis of simultaneous measurements of two short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P), i.e., ozone (O3) and equivalent black carbon (hereinafter noted as BC) and aerosol number concentration at Paknajol, in the city center of Kathmandu. The diurnal behavior of equivalent BC and aerosol number concentration indicated that local pollution sources represent the major contributions to air pollution in this city. In addition to photochemistry, the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and wind play important roles in determining O3 variability, as suggested by the analysis of seasonal changes of the diurnal cycles and the correlation with meteorological parameters and aerosol properties. Especially during pre-monsoon, high values of O3 were found during the afternoon/evening. This could be related to mixing and entrainment processes between upper residual layers and the PBL. The high O3 concentrations, in particular during pre-monsoon, appeared well related to the impact of major open vegetation fires occurring at the regional scale. On a synoptic-scale perspective, westerly and regional atmospheric circulations appeared to be especially conducive for the occurrence of the high BC and O3 values. The very high values of SLCF/P, detected during the whole measurement period, indicated persisting adverse air quality conditions, dangerous for the health of over 3 million residents of the Kathmandu Valley, and the environment. Consequently, all of this information may be useful for implementing control measures to mitigate the occurrence of acute pollution levels in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding area.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 47
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    In:  Ecological economics
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 48
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    In:  Grain Vapor Ray: Textures of the Anthropocene ; Vapor
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This publication presents the research result of 'the Anthropocene Project' at Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin. In the Anthropocene era - a geological age of our own making, what understood to be nature is made by man. A new perspective is needed to look at the dynamics of a new epoch. These volumes offer writings that discuss the topic through the three approaches: grain, vapor and ray - the particulate, the volatile and the radiant. Each of the first three volumes is devoted to one of the three textures, in which contemporary writers respond to historical writings. The fourth volume serves as a guide to the project as a whole.'Grain, vapor and ray are three mundane textures through which we (re)imagine Earth-shaping processes. As a thought exercise that bridges matter with matters, the three capture a composite image of material flows, energetic conversions, and human activities. In the situations emerging out of the metabolic dynamics between Humanity and Earth, at times invoked as "the Anthropocene," these three textures resonate everywhere transformation and perturbation are sounded: granular, vaporous, radiant. It is not possible to imagine one without sensing the rest, thus their entanglement weaves a continuous, flowing fabric informed by (our) histories of imagination. our variation that emerges out of such flux is this book.' - from flapped page.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This paper outlines the scientific achievements and insights gained from the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, which has been jointly sponsored by the international Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP) and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) since 1990. A short history of IGAC is followed by representative key scientific achievements. Over 25 years, IGAC has facilitated international scientific collaborations that have deepened the understanding of how atmospheric composition impacts air quality, climate change, and ecosystems from local to global scales. Activities fostered by IGAC show how the field of atmospheric chemistry has evolved from a focus on the atmosphere as a single natural compartment of the Earth system to an emphasis on its interactions with other Earth components, such as oceans, the cryosphere, the biosphere, and the impact of humans on atmospheric composition. Finally, one of IGAC’s significant accomplishments has been building scientific capacity and cooperation in the field of atmospheric chemistry around the globe, especially through its biennial science conferences. As part of IGBP, IGAC has contributed to improving the current state of knowledge of the Earth system and providing the scientific basis to suggest that we have entered the Anthropocene. IGAC will continue to play this role and expand its connections to the larger global change and sustainability research communities, capitalizing on the transition to Future Earth.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 51
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    In:  Our world and us: How our environment and our societies will change
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 52
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    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant produced photochemically from reactions of NOx with peroxy radicals produced during volatile organic compound (VOC) degradation. Chemical transport models use simplified representations of this complex gas-phase chemistry to predict O3 levels and inform emission control strategies. Accurate representation of O3 production chemistry is vital for effective prediction. In this study, VOC degradation chemistry in simplified mechanisms is compared to that in the near-explicit Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) using a box model and by "tagging" all organic degradation products over multi-day runs, thus calculating the tagged ozone production potential (TOPP) for a selection of VOCs representative of urban air masses. Simplified mechanisms that aggregate VOC degradation products instead of aggregating emitted VOCs produce comparable amounts of O3 from VOC degradation to the MCM. First-day TOPP values are similar across mechanisms for most VOCs, with larger discrepancies arising over the course of the model run. Aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic VOCs have the largest inter-mechanism differences on the first day, while alkanes show largest differences on the second day. Simplified mechanisms break VOCs down into smaller-sized degradation products on the first day faster than the MCM, impacting the total amount of O3 produced on subsequent days due to secondary chemistry.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 53
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 54
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    In:  Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 55
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: In Germany, the costs of renewable energies are financed through a surcharge on the price of electricity. Much speaks for the adoption of a more broad-based approach to financing. The energy transition is a strategic project involving the whole of society and public funding should accordingly be made available.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 56
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    In:  Abstract Book
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 57
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    In:  Regional Energy Integration: Geopolitical and Climate Challenges
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 60
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The focus of climate policy is shifting towards local and regional contributions as well as initiatives by different actors and economic sectors, such as transport and traffic engineering. How can multi-level governance approaches be leveraged to enhance climate governance?
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 62
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    In:  Research Handbook on International Marine Environmental Law
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 63
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    In:  Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: A detailed characterization of air quality in the megacity of Paris (France) during two 1-month intensive campaigns and from additional 1-year observations revealed that about 70 % of the urban background fine particulate matter (PM) is transported on average into the megacity from upwind regions. This dominant influence of regional sources was confirmed by in situ measurements during short intensive and longer-term campaigns, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from ENVISAT, and modeling results from PMCAMx and CHIMERE chemistry transport models. While advection of sulfate is well documented for other megacities, there was surprisingly high contribution from long-range transport for both nitrate and organic aerosol. The origin of organic PM was investigated by comprehensive analysis of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), radiocarbon and tracer measurements during two intensive campaigns. Primary fossil fuel combustion emissions constituted less than 20 % in winter and 40 % in summer of carbonaceous fine PM, unexpectedly small for a megacity. Cooking activities and, during winter, residential wood burning are the major primary organic PM sources. This analysis suggests that the major part of secondary organic aerosol is of modern origin, i.e., from biogenic precursors and from wood burning. Black carbon concentrations are on the lower end of values encountered in megacities worldwide, but still represent an issue for air quality. These comparatively low air pollution levels are due to a combination of low emissions per inhabitant, flat terrain, and a meteorology that is in general not conducive to local pollution build-up. This revised picture of a megacity only being partially responsible for its own average and peak PM levels has important implications for air pollution regulation policies.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 66
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 67
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    In:  Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 68
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    In:  Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Closing the Carbon Cycle
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This chapter provides an introduction to the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) for a reliable environmental assessment of CO2 capture and utilisation (CCU). Utilisation of CO2 as chemical feedstock aims at saving fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by providing an alternative carbon feedstock and closing the carbon cycle. However, these features do not necessarily render CO2 utilisation routes environmentally favourable since both CO2 capture and activation might require substantial amounts of energy. This chapter should enable the reader to understand the general concept of LCA and to identify the key environmental factors driving CCU.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 69
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, IASS
    In:  Arctic in Rapid Transition, Priority Sheet, Future Directions of Arctic Sciences
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: We report how the presence of electrophilic surface sites influences the adsorption mechanism of pyrrole on GaAs(001) surfaces. For this purpose, we have investigated the adsorption behavior of pyrrole on different GaAs(001) reconstructions with different stoichiometries and thus different surface chemistries. The interfaces were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy in a spectral range between 1.5 and 5 eV. On the As-rich c(4 × 4) reconstruction that exhibits only nucleophilic surface sites, pyrrole was found to physisorb on the surface without any significant modification of the structural and electronic properties of the surface. On the Ga-rich GaAs(001)-(4 × 2)/(6 × 6) reconstructions which exhibit nucleophilic as well as electrophilic surface sites, pyrrole was found to form stable covalent bonds mainly to the electrophilic (charge deficient) Ga atoms of the surface. These results clearly demonstrate that the existence of electrophilic surface sites is a crucial precondition for the chemisorption of pyrrole on GaAs(001) surfaces.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 71
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    In:  Brazilian Keynesian Review
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: In this article, we show that the repayment of bank credits having financed investments canrepresent an outflow outside the economic circuit in the Keynesian multiplier theory, just likesavings. We then consider the impact of these repayments on the dynamics of the Domarmodel (Domar, 1947), which aims to extend the Keynesian multiplier to the long-term. Weobtain that the rate of capital accumulation has to gradually rise throughout a growth phase,in order to avoid an overproduction crisis. This result paves the way to a theory of cycles basedon the repayment of past bank credits having financed investments.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: A diverse collection of models are used to simulate the marine boundary layer in the southeast Pacific region during the period of the October–November 2008 VOCALS REx (VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment) field campaign. Regional models simulate the period continuously in boundary-forced free-running mode, while global forecast models and GCMs (general circulation models) are run in forecast mode. The models are compared to extensive observations along a line at 20° S extending westward from the South American coast. Most of the models simulate cloud and aerosol characteristics and gradients across the region that are recognizably similar to observations, despite the complex interaction of processes involved in the problem, many of which are parameterized or poorly resolved. Some models simulate the regional low cloud cover well, though many models underestimate MBL (marine boundary layer) depth near the coast. Most models qualitatively simulate the observed offshore gradients of SO2, sulfate aerosol, CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentration in the MBL as well as differences in concentration between the MBL and the free troposphere. Most models also qualitatively capture the decrease in cloud droplet number away from the coast. However, there are large quantitative intermodel differences in both means and gradients of these quantities. Many models are able to represent episodic offshore increases in cloud droplet number and aerosol concentrations associated with periods of offshore flow. Most models underestimate CCN (at 0.1% supersaturation) in the MBL and free troposphere. The GCMs also have difficulty simulating coastal gradients in CCN and cloud droplet number concentration near the coast. The overall performance of the models demonstrates their potential utility in simulating aerosol–cloud interactions in the MBL, though quantitative estimation of aerosol–cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects of MBL clouds with these models remains uncertain.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 74
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    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Sizeable reserves of shale gas are known to exist in France, Germany, Poland, Romania, and the United Kingdom. However, it is unclear how much of this gas is recoverable. Shale gas could deliver benefits to EU member states, but there are also valid concerns and environmental risks.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 75
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    In:  IASS Blog, 26.03.2015
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Germany aims to reduce its carbon emissions by at least 40 per cent compared to 1990 levels by the year 2020 and achieve an emissions reduction of 80 to 95 per cent by 2050. Kiel University is one of the research institutes that are already playing their part in this process.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 77
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The risks posed by ozone are largely absent in public debate. Ozone concentrations frequently exceed official limits in nearly every region in Europe and reach hazardous levels. This has negative consequences for human health and the environment.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 78
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    In:  The Routledge companion to strategic risk management | Routledge companions in business, management and accounting
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 80
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  International Science and Technology Education: Exploring Culture, Economy and Social Perceptions
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 82
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Renewable Energy Futures to 2050 [Weblog]
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: South Africa has one of the largest industrialized economies in Africa. Emissions of air pollutants are particularly high in the Johannesburg-Pretoria metropolitan area, the Mpumalanga Highveld and the Vaal Triangle, resulting in local air pollution. This study presents and evaluates a setup for conducting modeling experiments over southern Africa with the Weather Research and Forecasting model including chemistry and aerosols (WRF-Chem), and analyzes the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the total black carbon (BC) concentrations from September to December 2010. The modeled BC concentrations are compared with measurements obtained at the Welgegund station situated ca. 100 km southwest of Johannesburg. An evaluation of WRF-Chem with observational data from ground-based measurement stations, radiosondes, and satellites shows that the meteorology is modeled mostly reasonably well, but precipitation amounts are widely overestimated and the onset of the wet season is modeled approximately 1 month too early in 2010. Modeled daily mean BC concentrations show a temporal correlation of 0.66 with measurements, but the total BC concentration is underestimated in the model by up to 50 %. Sensitivity studies with anthropogenic emissions of BC and co-emitted species turned off show that anthropogenic sources can contribute up to 100 % to BC concentrations in the industrialized and urban areas, and anthropogenic BC and co-emitted species together can contribute up to 60 % to PM1 levels. Particularly the co-emitted species contribute significantly to the aerosol optical depth (AOD). Furthermore, in areas of large-scale biomass-burning atmospheric heating rates are increased through absorption by BC up to an altitude of about 600hPa.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 85
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Renewable and sustainable energy reviews
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau region (HTP), despite being a remote and sparsely populated area, is regularly exposed to polluted air masses with significant amounts of aerosols including black carbon. These dark, light-absorbing particles are known to exert a great melting potential on mountain cryospheric reservoirs through albedo reduction and radiative forcing. This study combines ground-based and satellite remote sensing data to identify a severe aerosol pollution episode observed simultaneously in central Tibet and on the southern side of the Himalayas during 13–19 March 2009 (pre-monsoon). Trajectory calculations based on the high-resolution numerical weather prediction model COSMO are used to locate the source regions and study the mechanisms of pollution transport in the complex topography of the HTP. We detail how polluted air masses from an atmospheric brown cloud (ABC) over South Asia reach the Tibetan Plateau within a few days. Lifting and advection of polluted air masses over the great mountain range is enabled by a combination of synoptic-scale and local meteorological processes. During the days prior to the event, winds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) are generally weak at lower levels, allowing for accumulation of pollutants and thus the formation of ABCs. The subsequent passing of synoptic-scale troughs leads to southwesterly flow in the middle troposphere over northern and central India, carrying the polluted air masses across the Himalayas. As the IGP is known to be a hotspot of ABCs, the cross-Himalayan transport of polluted air masses may have serious implications for the cryosphere in the HTP and impact climate on regional to global scales. Since the current study focuses on one particularly strong pollution episode, quantifying the frequency and magnitude of similar events in a climatological study is required to assess the total impact.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 88
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    Unbekannt
    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: In order to accommodate future demand, existing electricity grids must be modernised and expanded, adding new short- and long distance links. Standard transmission technologies are reaching their limits, and superconducting power lines might represent a promising option.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 89
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    In:  The international spectator : journal of the Istituto Affari Internazionali
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 91
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Economics of communication. ICT driven fairness and sustainability for local and global marketplaces
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 92
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Netherlands international law review : NILR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 95
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Princeton [u.a.] : Princeton University Press
    Signatur: PIK D 024-15-0121
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Contents: Introduction: Globalization and Inequality ; Chapter 1 Global Inequality ; Appendix to Chapter 1 Detailed Evidence on the Recent Changes in Global Inequality ; Chapter 2 Are Countries Becoming More Unequal? ; Chapter 3 Globalization and the Forces behind the Rise in Inequality ; Chapter 4 Toward a Fair Globalization: Prospects and Principles ; Chapter 5 Which Policies for a Fairer Globalization? ; Conclusion Globalizing Equality?
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 210 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780691160528
    Originaltitel: La mondialisation de l'inégalité
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: A 18 - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: PIK Bibliothek
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  • 96
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Signatur: AWI A11-15-0048
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This textbook aims to be a one stop shop for those interested in aerosols and their impact on the climate system. It starts with some fundamentals on atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radiation and cloud physics, then goes into techniques used for in-situ and remote sensing measurements of aerosols, data assimilation, and discusses aerosol-radiation interactions, aersol-cloud interactions and the multiple impacts of aerosols on the climate system. The book aims to engage those interested in aerosols and their impacts on the climate system: graduate and PhD students, but also post-doctorate fellows who are new to the field or would like to broaden their knowledge. The book includes exercises at the end of most chapters. Atmospheric aerosols are small (microscopic) particles in suspension in the atmosphere, which play multiple roles in the climate system. They interact with the energy budget through scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation. They also serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei with impacts on the formation, evolution and properties of clouds. Finally aerosols also interact with some biogeochemical cycles. Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols are responsible for a cooling effect that has masked part of the warming due to the increased greenhouse effect since pre-industrial time. Natural aerosols also respond to climate changes as shown by observations of past climates and modelling of the future climate.
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: XVII, 311 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9789401796484
    Originaltitel: Aérosols atmosphériques : propriétés et impacts climatiques
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents: 1 General Introduction. - 1.1 The Climate System. - 1.2 The Atmosphere. - 1.3 Energy Budget and Atmospheric Composition. - 1.4 The Water Cycle. - 1.5 Aerosols and Climate Change. - 1.6 Outline of this Textbook. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles. - 2 Atmospheric Aerosols. - 2.1 Definitions. - 2.2 Sources of Aerosols and Aerosol Precursors. - 2.2.1 Marine Aerosols. - 2.2.2 Desert Dust. - 2.2.3 Volcanic Aerosols. - 2.2.4 Biogenic Aerosols. - 2.2.5 Biomass Burning Aerosols. - 2.2.6 Aerosols from Fossil Fuel Combustion. - 2.3 Spatial and Temporal Aerosol Distributions. - 2.4 Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions. - 2.5 Climate Effects of Aerosols. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 3 Physical, Chemical and Optical Aerosol Properties. - 3.1 Fine, Accumulation and Coarse Modes. - 3.2 Size Distribution. - 3.3 Chemical Composition. - 3.3.1 Aerosol Mixture. - 3.3.2 Inorganic Aerosols. - 3.3.3 Black Carbon Aerosols. - 3.3.4 Organic Aerosols. - 3.3.5 Geographic Distribution of Aerosol Chemical Composition. - 3.4 Refractive Index. - 3.5 Deliquescence, Efflorescence and Hysteresis. - 3.6 Definition of Aerosol Optical Properties. - 3.6.1 Absorption and Scattering Cross Sections. - 3.6.2 Phase Function. - 3.6.3 Upscatter Fractions. - 3.7 Calculation of Aerosol Optical Properties. - 3.7.1 Mie Theory. - 3. 7.2 Extinction, Scattering and Absorption. - 3.7.3 Optical Depth and Angström Coefficient. - 3.8 Optical Properties of Nonspherical Aerosols. - 3.9 Aerosols and Atmospheric Visibility. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 4 Aerosol Modelling. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Emissions. - 4.2.1 Generalities. - 4.2.2 Fossil Fuels, Biofuels, and Other Anthropogenic Sources. - 4.2.3 Vegetation Fires. - 4.2.4 Sea Spray. - 4.2.5 Desert Dust. - 4.2.6 Dimethylsulphide. - 4.2.7 Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds. - 4.2.8 Volcanoes. - 4.2.9 Resuspension. - 4.3 Atmospheric Processes. - 4.3.1 Nucleation. - 4.3.2 Condensation of Semi-Volatile Compounds. - 4.3.3 Coagulation. - 4.3.4 In-Cloud Aerosol Production. - 4.3.5 Wet Deposition. - 4.3.6 Dry Deposition. - 4.3.7 Sedimentation. - 4.3.8 Aerosol Transport. - 4.4 Modelling Approaches. - 4.4.1 Bulk Approach. - 4.4.2 Sectional Approach. - 4.4.3 Modal Approach. - 4.5 Example: The Sulphur Budget. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 5 Interactions of Radiation with Matter and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. - 5.2.1 Generalities. - 5.2.2 Definitions. - 5.3 Interactions of Radiation with Matter. - 5.3.1 Matter, Energy and Spectral Lines. - 5.3.2 Intensity of Spectral Lines. - 5.3.3 Spectral Line Profiles. - 5.3.4 Processes of lnteractions of Radiation with Matter. - 5.4 Modelling of the Interaction Processes. - 5.4.1 Molecular Absorption Coefficient. - 5.4.2 Scattering Phase Function. - 5.4.3 Molecular Scattering. - 5.4.4 Absorption and Scattering by Aerosols. - 5.4.5 Thermal Emission. - 5.5 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. - 5.5.1 Equation of Radiative Transfer. - 5.5.2 Extinction Only. - 5.5.3 Scattering Medium. - 5.5.4 Plane-Parallel Atmosphere. - 5.5.5 Resolution of the Equation of Radiative Transfer. - 5.6 Absorption Bands, Energy, and Actinic Fluxes. - 5.6.1 Main Molecular Absorption Bands in the Atmosphere. - 5.6.2 Radiative Flux. - 5.6.3 Two-Flux Method. - 5.6.4 Stefan-Boltzmann Law. - 5.6.5 Radiative Budget. - 5.6.6 Actinic Fluxes. - 5.6.7 Polarization of Radiation. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 6 In Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements of Aerosols. - 6.1 Introduction to Aerosol Remote Sensing. - 6.2 Passive Remote Sensing: Measurement of the Extinction. - 6.2.1 General Principles. - 6.2.2 Ground-Based Photometry. - 6.2.3 Spaceborne Occultation Measurements. - 6.2.4 Retrieval of Aerosol Size Distribution. - 6.3 Passive Remote Sensing: Measurement of the Scattering. - 6.3.1 General Principles. - 6.3.2 Ground-Based Measurement of Scattered Radiation. - 6.3.3 Spaceborne Measurements of Scattered Radiation. - 6.4 Measurement of Infrared Radiation. - 6.4.1 General Principles. - 6.4.2 Spaceborne Nadir Measurement of Infrared Radiation. - 6.4.3 Spaceborne Limb Measurement of Infrared Radiation. - 6.5 Active Remote Sensing: Lidar. - 6.5.1 General Principles. - 6.5.2 The Lidar Equation. - 6.5.3 Raman Lidar. - 6.6 In Situ Aerosol Measurements. - 6.6.1 Measurement of Aerosol Concentrations. - 6.6.2 Measurement of Aerosol Chemical Composition. - 6.6.3 Measurement of Aerosol Scattering. - 6.6.4 Measurement of Aerosol Absorption. - 6.7 Conclusions. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 7 Aerosol Data Assimilation. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Basic Principles of Data Assimilation. - 7.3 Applications of Data Assimilation for Aerosols. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 8 Aerosol-Radiation Interactions. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Atmospheric Radiative Effects Due to Aerosols. - 8.2.1 Simplified Equation for Scattering Aerosols. - 8.2.2 Simplified Equation for Absorbing Aerosols. - 8.2.3 Radiative Transfer Calculations. - 8.2.4 Global Estimates and Sources of Uncertainty. - 8.3 Rapid Adjustments to Aerosol-Radiation Interactions. - 8.4 Radiative Impact of Aerosols on Surface Snow and Ice. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 9 Aerosol-Cloud lnteractions. - 39.1 Introduction. - 9 .1.1 Cloud Formation. - 9 .1.2 Cloud Distribution. - 9 .1.3 Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. - 9.2 Aerosol Effects on Liquid Clouds. - 9 .2.1 Saturation Pressure of Water Vapour. - 9.2.2 Kelvin Effect. - 9.2.3 Raoult's Law. - . - 9.2.4 Köhler Theory. - 9.2.5 Extensions to the Köhler Theory. - 9.2.6 CCN and Supersaturation in the Cloud. - 9.2.7 Dynamical and Radiative Effects in Clouds. - 9.2.8 Principle of the Cloud Albedo Effect. - 9.2.9 Observations of the Cloud Albedo Effect. - 9.2.10 Adjustments in Liquid Water Clouds. - 9.2.11 Rapid Adjustments Occurring in Liquid Clouds. - 9.3 Aerosols Effects on Mixed-Phased and Ice Clouds. - 9.3.1 Elements of Microphysics of Ice Clouds. - 9.3.2 Impact of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Ice Clouds. - 9.4 Forcing Due to Aerosol-Cloud lnteractions. - 9.5 Aerosols, Contrails and Aviation-Induced Cloudiness. - 9.5.1 Formation of Condensation Trails. - 9.5.2 Estimate of the Climate Impact of Contrails. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 10 Climate Response to Aerosol Forcings. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Radiative Forcing, Feedbacks and Climate Response. - 10.2.1 Radiative Forcing. - 10.2.2 Climate Feedbacks. - 10.2.3 Rapid Adjustments and Effective Radiative Forcing. - 10.2.4 Climate Response and Climate Efficacy. - 10.3 Climate Response to Aerosol Forcings. - 10.3.1 Equilibrium Response. - 10.3.2 Past Emissions. - 10.3.3 Detection and Attribution of Aerosol Impacts. - 10.3.4 Future Emissions Scenarios. - 10.4 Nuclear Winter. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 11 Biogeochemical Effects and Climate Feedbacks of Aerosols. - 11 .1 Introduction. - 11.2 Impact of Aerosols on Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 11.2.1 Diffuse Radiation and Primary Productivity. - 11.2.2 Aerosols as a Source of Nutrients. - 11.2.3 Acidification of Precipitation. - 11.3 Impact of Aerosols on Marine Ecosystems. - 11.4 Aerosols-Atmospheric Chemistry Interactions. - 11.4.1 Interactions with Tropospheric Chemistry. - 11.4.2 Impact of Stratospheric Aerosols on the Ozone Layer and Ultravialet Radiation. - 11.5 Climate Feedbacks Involving Marine Aerosols. - 11.5.1 Sulphate Aerosols from DMS Emissions. - 11.5.2 Marine Aerosols. - 11.5.3 Other Aerosols of Maritime Origin. - 11.6 Climate Feedbacks Involving Continental Aerosols. - 11.6.1 Secondary Organic Aerosols. - 11.6.2 Primary Aerosols of Biogenic Origin. - 11.6.3 Aerosols from Vegetation Fires. - 11.6.4 Desert Dust. - 11.7 Climate Feedbacks Involving Stratospheric Aerosols. - References. - Further Reading (Textbooks and Articles). - 12 Strato
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
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  • 97
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Tokyo : National Institute for Polar Research
    Signatur: AWI P5-15-0033
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 26 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Ausgabe: 2014, rev. March 2015
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Contents: 1. Introduction. - (1) The purposes of the long-term plan report. - (2) The background and particulars of this report. - (3) Contents of this report. - 2.Changes in the Arctic environment to date and in the near future. - 3. History of Arctic environmental research. - 4. Abstracts of all themes. - (1) Elucidation of abrupt environmental change in the Arctic associated with the on-going global warming. - Theme 1: Arctic amplification of global warming. - Theme 2: Mechanisms and influence of sea ice decline. - Theme 3: Biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem changes. - Theme 4: Ice sheet, glaciers, permafrost, snowfall, snow cover and hydrological cycle. - Theme 5: Interactions between the Arctic and the entire earth. - Theme 6: Predicting future environmental conditions of the Arctic based on paleoenvironmental records. - Theme 7: Effects of the Arctic environment on human society. - (2) Elucidation of environmental change concerning biodiversity. - Theme 8: Effects on terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. - Theme 9: Influence on marine ecosystem and biodiversity. - (3) Broad and important subjects on the Arctic environment. - Theme 10: Geospace environment. - Theme 11: Interaction of surface environment change with solid earth. - Theme 12: Basic understanding on formation and transition process of permafrost. - (4) Development of methods enabling breakthroughs in environmental research. - Theme A: Sustainable seamless monitoring. - Theme B: Earth system-modeling for inter-disciplinary research. - Theme C: Data assimilation to connect monitoring and modeling. - 5. Improvement of research foundation. - Authors and reviewers.
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
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  • 98
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
    Signatur: AWI A14-15-0008
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The cryosphere, that region of the world where water is temporarily or permanently frozen, plays a crucial role on our planet. Recent developments in remote sensing techniques, and the acquisition of new data sets, have resulted in significant advances in our understanding of all components of the cryosphere and its processes. This book, based on contributions from 40 leading experts, offers a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the methods, techniques and recent advances in applications of remote sensing of the cryosphere. Examples of the topics covered include: snow extent, depth, grain size and impurities; surface and subsurface melting; glaciers; accumulation over the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets; ice thickness and velocities; gravimetric measurements from space; sea, lake and river ice; frozen ground and permafrost; fieldwork activities; recent and future cryosphere-oriented missions and experiments.
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 408 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Ausgabe: 1. edition
    ISBN: 9781118368855
    Serie: The cryosphere science series
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: Table of Contents: List of contributors. - Cryosphere Science: Series Preface. - Preface. - Acknowledgments. - About the companion website. - 1 Remote sensing and the cryosphere. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Remote sensing. - 1.2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum and blackbody radiation. - 1.2.2 Passive systems. - 1.2.3 Active systems. - 1.3 The cryosphere. - References. - 2 Electromagnetic properties of components of the cryosphere. - 2.1 Electromagnetic properties of snow. - 2.1.1 Visible/near-infrared and thermal infrared. - 2.1.2 Microwave region. - 2.2 Electromagnetic properties of sea ice. - 2.2.1 Visible/near-infrared and thermal infrared. - 2.2.2 Microwave region. - 2.3 Electromagnetic properties of freshwater ice. - 2.4 Electromagnetic properties of glaciers and ice sheets. - 2.4.1 Visible/near-infrared and thermal infrared. - 2.4.2 Microwave region. - 2.5 Electromagnetic properties of frozen soil. - 2.5.1 Visible/near-infrared and thermal infrared. - 2.5.2 Microwave region. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 3 Remote sensing of snow extent. - 3.1 lntroduction. - 3.2 Visible/near-infrared snow products. - 3.2.1 The normalized difference snow index (NDSI). - 3.3 Passive microwave products. - 3.4 Blended VNIR/PM products. - 3.5 Satellite snow extent as input to hydrological models. - 3.6 Concluding remarks. - Acknowledgments. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 4 Remote sensing of snow albedo, grain size, and pollution from space. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Forward modeling. - 4.3 Local optical properties of a snow layer. - 4.4 Inverse problem. - 4.5 Pitfalls of retrievals. - 4.6 Conclusions. - Acknowledgments. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 5 Remote sensing of snow depth and snow water equivalent. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Photogrammetry. - 5.3 LiDAR. - 5.4 Gamma radiation. - 5.5 Gravity data. - 5.6 Passive microwave data. - 5.7 Active microwave data. - 5.8 Conclusions. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 6 Remote sensing of melting snow and ice. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 General considerations on optical/thermal and microwave sensors and techniques for remote sensing of melting. - 6.2.1 Optical and thermal sensors. - 6.2.2 Microwave sensors. - 6.2.3 Electromagnetic properties of dry and wet snow. - 6.3 Remote sensing of melting over land. - 6.4 Remote sensing of melting over Greenland. - 6.4.1 Thermal infrared sensors. - 6.4.2 Microwave sensors. - 6.5 Remote sensing of melting over Antarctica. - 6.6 Conclusions. - References. - Acronyms. - 7 Remote sensing of glaciers. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 Fundamentals. - 7.3 Satellite instruments for glacier research. - 7.4 Methods. - 7.4.1 Image classification for glacier mapping. - 7.4.2 Mapping debris-covered glaciers. - 7.4.3 Glacier mapping with SAR data. - 7.4.4 Assessing glacier changes. - 7.4.5 Area and length changes. - 7.4.6 Volumetrie glacier changes. - 7.4.7 Glacier velocity. - 7.5 Glaciers of the Greenland ice sheet. - 7.5.1 Surface elevation. - 7.5.2 Glacier extent. - 7.5.3 Glacier dynamics. - 7.6 Summary. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 8 Remote sensing of accumulation over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. - 8.1 Introduction to accumulation. - 8.2 Spaceborne methods for determining accumulation over ice sheets. - 8.2.1 Microwave remote sensing. - 8.2.2 Other remote sensing techniques and combined methods. - 8.3 Airborne and ground-based measurements of accumulation. - 8.3.1 Ground-based. - 8.3.2 Airborne. - 8.4 Modeling of accumulation. - 8.5 The future for remote sensing of accumulation. - 8.6 Conclusions. - References. - Acronyms. - Website cited. - 9 Remote sensing of ice thickness and surface velocity. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.1.1 Electrical properties of glacial ice. - 9.2 Radar principles. - 9.2.1 Radar sounder. - 9.2.2 Radar equation. - 9.3 Pulse compression. - 9.4 Antennas. - 9.5 Example results. - 9.6 SAR and array processing. - 9.7 SAR Interferometry. - 9. 7.1 Introduction. - 9.7.2 Basic theory. - 9.7.3 Practical considerations of InSAR systems. - 9.7.4 Application of InSAR to Cryosphere remote sensing. - 9.8 Conclusions. - References. - Acronyms. - 10 Gravimetry measurements from space. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Observing the Earth's gravity field with inter-satellite ranging. - 10.3 Surface mass variability from GRACE. - 10.4 Results. - 10.5 Conclusions. - References. - Acronyms. - 11 Remote sensing of sea ice. - 11.1 Introduction. - 11.2 Sea ice concentration and extent. - 11.2.1 Passive microwave radiometers. - 11.2.2 Active microwave - scatterometry and radar. - 11.2.3 Visible and infrared. - 11.2.4 Operational sea ice analyses. - 11.3 Sea ice drift. - 11.4 Sea ice thickness and age, and snow depth. - 11.4.1 Altimetric thickness estimates. - 11.4.2 Radiometric thickness estimates. - 11.4.3 Sea ice age estimates as a proxy for ice thickness. - 11.5 Sea ice melt onset and freeze-up, albedo, melt pond fraction and surface temperature. - 11.5.1 Melt onset and freeze-up. - 11.5.2 Sea ice albedo and melt pond fraction. - 11.5.3 Sea ice surface temperature. - 11.6 Summary, challenges and the road ahead. - References. - Acronyms. - Website cited. - 12 Remote sensing of lake and river ice. - 12.1 Introduction. - 12.2 Remote sensing of lake ice. - 12.2.1 Ice concentration, extent and phenology. - 12.2.2 Ice types. - 12.2.3 Ice thickness and snow on ice. - 12.2.4 Snow/ice surface temperature. - 12.2.5 Floating and grounded ice: the special case of shallow Arctic/sub-Arctic lakes. - 12.3 Remote sensing of river ice. - 12.3.1 Ice extent and phenology. - 12.3.2 lce types, ice jams and flooded areas. - 12.3.3 Ice thickness. - 12.3.4 Surface flow velocities. - 12.3.5 Incorporating SAR-derived ice information into a GIS-based system in support of river-flow modeling and flood forecasting. - 12.4 Conclusions and outlook. - Acknowledgments. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 13 Remote sensing of permafrost and frozen ground. - 13.1 Permafrost - an essential climate variable of the "Global Climate Observing System". - 13.2 Mountain permafrost. - 13.2.1 Remote sensing of surface features and permafrost landforms. - 13.2.2 Generation of digital elevation models. - 13.2.3 Terrain elevation change and displacement. - 13.3 Lowland permafrost - identification and mapping of surface features. - 13.3.1 Land cover and vegetation. - 13.3.2 Permafrost landforms. - 13.3.3 Landforms and processes indicating permafrost degradation. - 13.4 Lowland permafrost - remote sensing of physical variables related to the thermal permafrost state. - 13.4.1 Land surface temperature through thermal remote sensing. - 13.4.2 Freeze-thaw state of the surface soil through microwave remote sensing. - 13.4.3 Permafrost mapping with airborne electromagnetic surveys. - 13.4.4 Regional surface deformation through radar interferometry. - 13.4.5 A gravimetric signal of permafrost thaw?. - 13.5 Outlook - remote sensing data and permafrost models. - References. - Acronyms. - 14 Field measurements for remote sensing of the cryosphere. - 14.1 Introduction. - 14.2 Physical properties of interest. - 14.2.1 Surface properties. - 14.2.2 Sub-surface properties. - 14.3 Standard techniques for direct measurements of physical properties. - 14.3.1 Topography. - 14.3.2 Snow depth. - 14.3.3 Snow water equivalent and density. - 14.3.4 Temperature. - 14.3.5 Stratigraphy. - 14.3.6 Sea ice depth and ice thickness. - 14.4 New techniques for high spatial resolution measurements. - 14.4.1 Topography. - 14.4.2 Surface properties. - 14.4.3 Sub-surface properties. - 14.5 Simulating airborne and spaceborne observations from the ground. - 14.5.1 Active microwave. - 14.5.2 Passive microwave. - 14.6 Sampling strategies for remote sensing field campaigns: concepts and examples. - 14.6.1 Ice sheet campaigns. - 14.6.2 Seasonal snow campaigns. - 14.6.3 Sea ice campaigns. - 14.7 Conclusions. - References. - Acronyms. - Websites cited. - 15 Remote sensing missions and the cryosphere. - 15.1 In
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
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    Signatur: PIK B 050-15-0039
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    Seiten: X, 212 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780262028448
    Originaltitel: Geld macht doch glücklich
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: A 18 - Bitte bestellen
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    Signatur: PIK C 132-17-90804
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    Seiten: XV, 352 Seiten , Diagramme
    ISBN: 9781107036062 (hardback)
    Serie: Cambridge studies in international and comparative law 116
    Sprache: Englisch
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