ALBERT

Description: In einer gemeinsamen Stellungnahme zur Novellierung der ETS-Richtlinie haben sich im Oktober 2015 sechs osteuropäische EU-Mitgliedstaaten (Bulgarien, Tschechien, Ungarn, Polen, Rumänien und die Slowakei) für eine Förderung von Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) im Rahmen des Innovation Funds eingesetzt (und darüber hinaus). Auch in den Beratungen über den Innovation Fund im Europäischen Parlament wird unter anderem über die Rolle von CCU diskutiert. Dieser Prozess wirft grundsätzliche Fragen über die klimapolitische Einordnung von CCU und über die Rolle von CCU im Rahmen einer ökologisch orientierten Innovationspolitik auf. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier "Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU): Klimapolitische Einordnung und innovationspolitische Bewertung" trägt zu dieser Debatte bei, indem es für ein umweltpolitisch interessiertes Publikum ohne Vorkenntnisse über die CCU-Verfahren folgende Kernfragen aufarbeitet: Wie ist CCU klima- und umweltpolitisch grundsätzlich einzuordnen? Welche CO2-Mengen aus welchen Quellen werden derzeit in der Industrie verwendet? Für welche konkreten Prozesse oder Anwendungen wäre Kohlenstoffdioxid als Rohstoff nützlich? Ist ein Zusatzbedarf an Kohlenstoffdioxid in Deutschland bzw. in Industrieländern weltweit absehbar? Welche allgemeinen Schlussfolgerungen lassen sich über die Bewertung von CCU aus Sicht einer ökologisch orientierten Innovationspolitik ziehen?

Description: Extended abstract for speed talk

Description: Expert interviews can provide interesting data for the use in qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to investigate complex social phenomena. To guide the challenging task of data calibration from qualitative data sets, techniques have already been suggested for the transformation of qualitative data into fuzzy sets. The current article follows existing guidelines and extends them with a system for indicator-based data calibration of expert interviews. While the underlying data set is confidential due to its corporate setting, in this article the analysis of the data is made transparent and hence reproducible for potential follow-up studies. First, the process of data collection is described, and the final data sample is characterized. Consequently, a system for indicator-based data calibration is presented and the calibration results for the empirical sample are provided in form of the set membership of cases and truth tables. • Data collection from expert interviews is described for a configurational setting • A combined indicator-based system is used for the calibration of qualitative data

Description: As a major contributor to climate change, the cement sector urgently needs to develop and implement greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation technologies to drastically lower its emissions to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Among the most promising technologies is CO2 mineralisation in which CO2 is transformed into a thermodynamically stable carbonate. CO2 mineralisation not only offers permanent storage of CO2 but also potentially avoids emissions by partially substituting conventional cement with the obtained carbonation products. Besides overcoming technical barriers, successful development and implementation of CO2 mineralisation require support from key stakeholders. While existing studies already provide technology-related data and assess CO2 mineralisation pathways, knowledge remains scarce about stakeholder priorities and perceptions. Using a multi-stakeholder expert survey, the present study examines: a) the priorities of different stakeholders in supporting CO2 mineralisation, b) their perceptions on the performance of CO2 mineralisation concepts, and c) their priorities if tasked with communicating CO2 mineralisation technologies to other groups. Hereby, we follow a multi-criteria decision analysis approach, based on an analytical hierarchy process, by comparing indicators from the three common sustainability pillars (i.e., environmental, economic, and social impacts). Our results indicate that key stakeholders strongly prioritise the health implications of CO2 mineralisation technologies and generally value social impacts highly. Hence, an in-depth research is needed to provide knowledge-based guidance on health issues and ways to fairly distribute costs and create positive employment outcomes. Additionally, stakeholders of all affiliations give second priority to reducing carbon footprint of cement, showing that they discount potential environmental and economic trade-offs associated with emission reduction goals. The results reveal that these concepts are perceived as compatible with other GHG mitigation approaches, such as carbon capture and storage. Moreover, if tasked with convincing different target groups to support CO2 mineralisation, stakeholders prioritise diverse themes, recognising that communication strategies must address the specific concerns of each group. Overall, the results can help investors, managers, and policymakers to ensure that upcoming decisions in R&D, investments, and the design of support mechanisms align with the priorities of key stakeholders. Our results facilitate communicating technological potentials and risks and can foster successful development and implementation of CO2 mineralisation pathways.

Description: Deutschland will seine Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2050 um 80 bis 95 Prozent vermindern. Die bereits vorgesehenen und umgesetzten Maßnahmen sind jedoch trotz der bisherigen Erfolge nicht ausreichend, um dieses ambitionierte Ziel zu erreichen. Neben dem Sektor der Energiewirtschaft als größter Quelle der Treibhausgasemissionen werden in Deutschland erhebliche Mengen im Industriesektor freigesetzt. Im Klimaschutzplan 2050 hat die Bundesregierung erstmals ein Sektorziel für die Industrie festgelegt. Die vorliegende acatech POSITION analysiert die Optionen der Verwertung und Speicherung von CO2 – Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) und Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) –, die für die Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen aus Industrieprozessen infrage kommen. Es wird empfohlen, zeitnah Diskussionen über Potenziale und Bedingungen des Einsatzes von CCU und CCS unter Beteiligung einer breiten Öffentlichkeit zu führen. Nur dann können Vorbehalte gegenüber CCU und CCS berücksichtigt, geeignete Technologien rechtzeitig fortentwickelt und zur Marktreife gebracht werden, damit auch die nötige Infrastruktur geplant, genehmigt, finanziert und errichtet werden kann.

Description: Lately, the technical research on carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) has achieved important breakthroughs. While single CO2-based innovations are entering the markets, the possible economic effects of a large-scale CO2 utilization still remain unclear to policy makers and the public. Hence, this paper reviews the literature on CCU and provides insights on the motivations and potential of making use of recovered CO2 emissions as a commodity in the industrial production of materials and fuels. By analyzing data on current global CO2 supply from industrial sources, best practice benchmark capture costs and the demand potential of CO2 utilization and storage scenarios with comparative statics, conclusions can be drawn on the role of different CO2 sources. For near-term scenarios the demand for the commodity CO2 can be covered from industrial processes, that emit CO2 at a high purity and low benchmark capture cost of approximately 33 €/t. In the long-term, with synthetic fuel production and large-scale CO2 utilization, CO2 is likely to be available from a variety of processes at benchmark costs of approx. 65 €/t. Even if fossil-fired power generation is phased out, the CO2 emissions of current industrial processes would suffice for ambitious CCU demand scenarios. At current economic conditions, the business case for CO2 utilization is technology specific and depends on whether efficiency gains or substitution of volatile priced raw materials can be achieved. Overall, it is argued that CCU should be advanced complementary to mitigation technologies and can unfold its potential in creating local circular economy solutions.

Description: This chapter is mainly based on the "Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilisation" written by the authors. This chapter provides a brief introduction to techno-economic assessment (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for CO2 utilisation, and all topics are explained in further detail in the Guidelines mentioned above.

Description: CO2 utilisation technologies—also called carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU)—convert CO2 via physical, chemical, or biological processes into carbon-based products. CO2 utilisation technologies are viewed as a means of helping to address climate change and broadening the raw material base for commodities that can be sold to generate economic revenue. However, while technical research and development into the feasibility of CO2 utilisation options are accelerating rapidly; at present, there has been limited research into the social acceptance of the technology and CO2-derived products. This review article outlines and explores three key dimensions of social acceptance (i.e., socio-political, market, and community acceptance) pertaining to innovation within CO2 utilisation. The article highlights the importance of considering issues of social acceptance as an aspect of the research, development, demonstration, and deployment process for CO2 utilisation and explores how key stakeholders operating on each dimension might affect the innovation pathways, investment, and siting decisions relating to CO2 utilisation facilities and CO2-derived products. Beyond providing a state-of-the-art review of current research into the social acceptance of CO2 utilisation, this article also outlines an agenda for future research in the field.

Description: Carbon dioxide is a harmful greenhouse gas. But it is also the basic ingredient of countless chemical products. In recent years, research on the sequestration and practical use of carbon dioxide has yielded a number of important initial breakthroughs.