ALBERT

Note: Contents: Preface. - Tritium in Antarctic precipitation - information on global distribution / D. Hebert. - On the physical geography of the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica, Dronning Maud Land) / W. Richter. - Investigation of Deuterium concentration relations between atmospheric water vapour and precipitations in the Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica / P. Kowski. - Isotope-hydrological and hydrochemical characterization of lakes in the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica) / W. Richter, U. Wand, G. Strauch, P. Kowski, W. Kurze. - Isotope-hydrological and hydrochemical studies of the interior Antarctic lake "Untersee" in the Wohlthat Massif, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica / W.-D. Hermichen, M. Crelle, P. Kowski, W. Kurze, U. Wand. - The isotope-glaciological situation in the surroundings of the Schirmacher Oasis/Dronning Maud Land - a first overview / W.-D. Hermichen, P. Kowski, G. Strauch. - Radiocarbon dating of breeding places of petrels in the Antarctic / A. Hiller, U. Wand. - K - Ar dating of basalt dykes in the Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica / G. Kaiser, U. Wand.

Note: CONTENTS: Preface / G. C. S. Clarke and W. Punt. - 8. Solanaceae / W. Punt and M. Monna-Brands. - 9. Saxifragaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 10. Boraginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke. - 11. Escalloniaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 12. Grossulariaceae / A.A.M.L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 13. Hydrangeaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 14. Parnassiaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 15. Plantaginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R.Jones. - 16. Valerianaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 17. Aceraceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 18. Hippuridaceae / M. S. Engel. - 19. Haloragaceae / M. S. Engel. - 20. Papaveraceae / A. J. Kalis. - Index. - Errata.

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction. - 2. Design of the existing base. - 3. Why a new concept. - 4. Considerations for a new base. - 5. Building alternatives for a floating ice shelf. - 6. Design criteria. - 7. Concept adopted. - 8. Technical data. - 9. Services. - 9.1. Electrical. - 9.2. Mechanical. - 9.3. Fire Protection. - 9.4. Toilets. - 10. Stores. - 11. External buildings. - 12. Conclusion.

Note: [Teil 1]Ocean crust.. , [Teil 2]Continental margins and paleoenvironment..

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Physical diffusion and dispersion in open channel flow Modeling approach Description of the diffusion wave flow routing model Analysis of the numerical model Modified equation and Hirt analyses of diffusion wave model von Neumann analysis of the diffusion wave model Linear case studies Accuracy considerations of the numerical solution Field studies Apalachia Dam tailwater Norris Dam tailwater Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test arrangements Ice properties Crushing patterns Maximum ice force vs velocity Dynamic aspect ratio effect and crushing strength Measured ice force frequencies Calculated ice force frequencies Accelerations, velocities and displacements Damping Ice-induced negative damping Limit cycles Buckling load Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Methodology Potential flow around an arbitrary airfoil Incompressible velocity field Droplet trajectory equation Computational procedure for trajectories Determining the point of impact Calculation of collision efficiencies Accreting an ice layer Determining the accuracy of the flow field Determining the accuracy of the trajectories Results and discussion Comparing results with and without the history term Collision efficiency of NACA 0015 airfoil at 8° attack angle Time-dependent accretion on NACA 0015 airfoil at 8° attack angle Time-dependent accretion on NACA 0015 airfoil at 0° attack angle Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A : Sample input Appendix B: Sample output Appendix C : Program listing

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Data base Conversion factor Ground load effects Exposure effects Thermal effects Slope effects Expected value relationship Comparison with existing codes and standards Comparison with relationships proposed in new ANSI standard Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Roof snow load case history reports Appendix B. Roofs in the snow load case study data base Appendix C. Ground and roof snow load data Appendix D. Conversion factors from the 1982 ANSI standard

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Scope of study Literature review Introduction Incipient formation of frazil ice Particle size and evolution of frazil ice Influences of turbulence and water temperature on the rate of frazil ice formation Conclusions Analytical model Introduction Elements of heat transfer Elements of turbulence Experimentation Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Introduction Nucleation of frazil ice Influences of turbulence on frazil ice formation Water temperature Influences of water temperature and turbulence on the concentration of frazil ice Frazil ice particle shape and size Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Preliminary frazil ice experiments Flume experiments Couette-flow Appendix B: Listing of computer program for calculation of frazil ice formation Appendix C: Water temperature rise attributable to frazil ice formation as computed usingthe analytical model .

Note: Contents: THEME II USE OF TESTS AND MONITORING IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROCK STRUCTURES = UTILISATION DES ESSAIS ET DES AUSCULTATIONS DANS LA CONCEPTION ET L'EXÉCUTION D'OUVRAGES EN ROCHER = VERWENDUNG VON VERSUCHEN UND KONTROLLMESSUNGEN IM ZUSAMMENHANG MIT DEM ENTWURF UND DER ERRICHTUNG VON FELSBAUTEN. - Plateloading tests on multi-layed sedimentary rocks = Tests de surcharge de roches sédimentaires à multi-strates = Plattenladungsversuche von geschichteten Sedimentgesteinen / K. Akai, Y. Onishi, K. Takahashi. - Verhalten von vorfabrizierten Tunnelauskleidungen beim Schildvortrieb = Behaviour of the prefabricated lining in shield driven tunnels = Le comportement du revêtement préfabriqué d'un tunnel pendant l'avancement au moyen d'un bouclier / E. Andráskay, R. Attinger. - Arch formation and pillar yield in jointed rock = Formation de voûte et déformation des piliers dans une roche disjointe = Gewölbebildung und Pfeilerleistung bei abgesondertem Gestein / J. R. Barrett, B. Grumitt, M. Wical. - A new approach to the evaluation of the strength of concrete construction contact with the rocky foundation = Une nouvelle approche à l'estimation de la résistance du contact d'une construction en béton avec la fondation en roche = Neuer Standpunkt zur Berechnung von Festigkeit des Kontaktes zwischen Betonbauwerk und Felsfundamentsohle / J. A. Baslavsky, S. A. Frid. - Die Erstellung eines Pilotstollens sowie felsmechanische Untersuchungen als Grundlage für die Projektierung und den Bau des Du Toitskloof Tunnels in Südafrika = Execution of a pilot tunnel and rock mechanics investigations as a base for design and construction of the Toitskloof Tunnel in South Africa = Exécution d'une galerie de sondage et mesure des caractéristiques méchaniques des roches comme bases de la conception et de la construction du tunnel du Toitskloof, Afrique du Sud / P. C. Bebi, K. R. Mettier. - Classement statistique de mesures sismiques et conception de barrages = Statistical classification of seismic measures and dam design = Statistische Klassifizierung des seismischen Mass und Konzeption eines Staudammes / Y. Bertrand, J. Lakshmanan, J. Rouge. - The geomechanics classification in rock engineering applications = Classification géoméchanique et son application pour l'ingénieur des roches = Geomechanische Gebirgsklassifizierung und ihre Anwendung im Felsbau / Z. T. Bieniawski. - Comparison of calculated, measured and observed stresses at the Ortfjell Open Pit (Norway) = Une comparaison sur des constraintes calculées, mesurées et observées dans l'Ortfjell fosse (Norvège) = Vergleich zwischen berechneten, gemessenen und observierten Spannungen im Ortfjell Tagebau (Norwegen) / E. Broch, B. Nilsen. - Discontinuity measurement using the borehole impression probe - a case study = Mesure des discontinuités par l'emploi du "Borehole Impression Probe" = Unregelmässigkeitsmessungen unter Verwendung der Bohrloch-Eindrucksonde - eine Fallstudie / E. T. Brown, T. R. Harper, D. V. Hinds. - Strain softening marly rock = Roche marneuse à rupture progressive = Mergelstein mit progressivem Bruch / S. Cavounidis, E. Sotiropoulos. - A modified form of aquifer depletion/recovery test for assessing potential water makes into deep excavations = Modification de l'essai Lefranc pour estimer les venues d'eau dans les fouilles profondes exécutées dans l'aquifère = Abwandlung des Pump-Versuchs zur Ermittlung möglicher Wassereinbrüche in tiefen Baugruben / A. Chalmers, G. P. Daw, R. A. Scott. - Dilatometer tests in the study of the deformability of rock masses = Les essais au dilatomètre dans l'étude de la déformabilité des massifs rocheux = Dilatometerversuche zur Bestimmung der Gebirgsverformbarkeit / J. G. Charrua-Graça. - Auscultation fine d'un glissement de terrain a l'aide d'instruments nouveaux = Precise monitoring of a landslide by means of new devices = Feinbeobachtungen an einer Rutschung mittels neuartiger Instrumente / P. J. Debreuille, J. B. Francq, P. Londe. - Etude sur les caracteristiques de la roche pour un barrage d'enrochement = Study of rock characteristic for a rockfill dam = Untersuchungen der Eigenschaften des Gesteins für einen Staudamm / R. Del Hoyo Fernandez-Gago. - L'identification des roches par l'indice de continuite = Rock identification by means of continuity index = Gesteinsidentifizierung mittels Kontinuitätsindex / A. Denis, M. Panet, C. Tourenq. - Fracture growth around openings in rock models and their effect on the design of stable openings = Observation sur modèle de la propagation de la fracturation autour des cavités en rocher: impact sur les projets réels = Risswachstum rumd um Felshohlräume im Modell und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Entwurf standsicherer Hohlräume / B. B. Dhar, B. S. Verma, S. Ratan. - Site investigations and FEM calculations for two underground caverns in Peru = Reconnaissance du site et calcul par éléments finis de deuy excavations souterraines au Pérou = Felduntersuchungen und Finite-Elemente-Rechnungen für zwei Kavernen in Peru / M. Dolezalová, K. Drozd. - Analysis of a solid inclusion in situ stress measuring device = Analyse d'un capteur de contraintes in-situ peu déformable = Analyse eines verformungsarmen in-situ-Spannungsmessgebers / M. E. Duncan Fama. - Tunnels ancres a faible profundeur etude comparative sur modeles physique et mathematique = Anchored tunnels with small overburden: comparative study on physical and mathematical models = Verankerte seichtliegende Tunnel: vergleichende Untersuchungen mittels physikalischer und mathematischer Modelle / P. Egger, C. Gindroz. - Allgemeine geotechnische Gesichtspunkte und Grenzgleichgewichtsbetrachtungen als erste Orientierung bei der Planung von Talsperren = General geotechnical considerations and limit equilibrium analysis in the planning of dam foundations = Considérations générale de la géotechnique et l'analyse d'équilibre limite dans l'évaluation de suite au sujet de la construction des barrages / E. Fecker, L. Müller, G. Reik. - Investigations of stress-strain state of structurally disturbed rock massif near underground workings = Etude de l'état de tension et de déformation du massif fragmenté des roches au voisinage des galeries minières = Untersuchung des Spannungs- und Deformationszustandes des strukturgestörten Gesteinmassives in der Nähe von Untertagebaustellen / N. A. Filatov, V. D. Belykov. - Investigations into the mechanism of the failure of concrete dams rock foundations and their stability analysis = Etudes du méchanisme de rupture des fondations rocheuses des barrages en béton et calculs de leur stabilité = Bruchmechanismusuntersuchung von Felsuntergrund der Betonstaumauern und Berechnung deren Standsicherheit / Y. A. Fishman. - Preferred orientation of underground caverns in complicated tectonic zone = Orientation optimale des cavernes souterraines dans une région à tectonique complexe = Bevorzugte Orientierung von Kavernenbauten in einem Gebiet mit komplizierter Tektonik / A. Flexer, I. Larsson, M. Braun, B. Russell, L. C. Greenwood. - Investigations of seepage flow in block media as applied to designing structures on rock = Etudes de l'écoulement de filtration dans un massif fracturé, appliquées au projet d'ouvrages dans le rocher = Untersuchung der Sickerströmung im Felskörper mit Blockgefüge in Anwendung an die Projektierung der Bauwerke im Felsgestein / E. G. Gaziev, T. N. Borovykh, V. I. Rechitski. - Measurement of rock deformation in the abutments of an arch dam = Mesure des déformations d'un massif rocheux formant l'appui d'un barage voûte = Messung der Gebirgsverformungen in den Auflagern einer Bogenmauer / S. Giudici. - Die Fundierung einer exponierten Bogenbrücke = The foundations of an arch bridge in particularly difficult conditions = Les fondations d'un pont arc dans des conditions particulièrement difficiles / J. Golser, H. Brandecker, K. Mussger. - Construction behaviour of a shallow tunnel in highly stressed sedimentary rock = Comportement d'un massif

Note: Contents Manual 2.2 The relative measurement of aktivity Lectures 1.3 Statistics / H. Baumbach 2.2 Sealed sources / K. Vormum 2.4 Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis / H.-K. Bothe 3.1 The use of carriers / H. Koch 4.3 Autoradiography / K. Freyer 6.1 Radiometric methods in environmental control / H.-J. Große

Note: Contents Manual 1.1 Beta measurements 1.2 Measurement of the energy spectrum and range of α-radiation with semiconductor detectors 1.3 Error and statistical tests 1.4 Basic experiments of gamma spectroscopy 2.1 Determination of certain elements in sedimental atmospheric dust by x-ray fluorescence analysis 2.2 Calibration and efficiencies (see Supplement) 2.3 Thin-layer chromatographic separation and test of the purity of labelled compounds 2.4 Separation of Thorium-234 from Uranium-238 2.5 Separation of 137Ca/137mBa by precipitation and sorption 3.1 Determination of phosphate by simple isotope dilution analysis and determination of Zn in MgSO4 by substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis 3.2 The Szilard-Chalmers effect 3.3 Determination of the Ag content in slags by instrumental neutron activation analysis 4.1 Isotope exchange of Ethyl Iodide and Sodium Iodide 4.2 Liquid scintillation counting of Carbon-14 and Tritium 4.3 Autoradiography - Demonstration of Autoradiographic techniques Lectures 1.1 Fundamentals of radioactivity / G. K. Vormum 1.2 Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter / G. K. Vormum 1.4 Equations of radioactive decay / G. K. Vormum 1.5 Radiation detectors / M. Geisler 2.1 Radiation spectroscopy / M. Geisler 2.5 Handling of radioisotopes / G. K. Vormum 2.7 Behaviour of radionuclides in very low concentrations / H. Koch 3.6 Particle sources / J. W. Leonhardt 4.2 Tracers in chemical kinetics / J. Dermietzel 4.4 Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) / R. Trettin 5.1 Isotopic tracers in biology / H. Hübner 5.2 Low-level counting / R. Trettin 5.4 Basic concepts of radioimmunoassay (RIA) / G. K. Vormum 6.2 Radionuclide generators / R. Otto

Note: Contents: Preface ; Part 1: Fire environment ; 1 Wildland fire fundamentals ; 2 Fire behavior ; 3 Wildland fuels ; 4 Fire weather ; Part 2: Fire regime ; 5 Fire ecology ; 6 Fire and culture ; 7 Administration of fire regimes ; Part 3: Fire Management ; 8 Programs for fire management ; 9 Fire suppression ; 10 Prescribed fire ; Part 4: Global fire ; 11 Global fire ; Bibliography

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Constitutive relationships Equations of motion Uniform flow Nonuniform flow Ice transport: Uniform flow Symmetric channel Asymmetric channel Ice transport: Nonuniform flow Further considerations Basis for model improvement Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Nomenclature Introduction Principal relationships Constitutive equation Failure criteria Secondary creep: Flow equations Creep at constant stress (σ = Const.) Creep model Creep strain (σ = Const.) Creep at constant strain rate (ϵ = Const.) Stress-strain relationship Stress/strain/strain rate at failure Test data Preliminary analysis Constant stress tests (σ = Const.) Constant strain rate tests (ϵ = Const.) The principle of superposition Thermodynamic equation of creep Conclusions Literature cited

Note: COTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Model characteristics and test conditions Ice-hull coefficient of friction Measurements of ice properties Experimental procedures Data acquisition system Test program and procedures for 1:10 model Test program and procedures for 1:24 model Analysis of test results Comparison of test results between 1:10 and 1:24 models Analysis of tests in broken or brash-filled ice channels Analysis of tests in level ice Full-scale prediction of level ice resistance Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Taxonomic terms Appendix B: Differences in species composition and abundance in duplicate samples examined under optical and inverted light microscopes Appendix C: Morphologic descriptions and SEM micrographs

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature General background The problem Method of solution Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Evaluation of rn's in equation 25

Note: Table of Contents: Climate and American People. - Earth's climate: A dynamic system. - Why does earth's climate change?. - Can we change the climate?. - The Greenhouse Effect. - Why are Greenhouse gas amounts increasing?. - Aerosols: Sunscreen for the planet?. - How has climate changed in the past century?. - Can we predict climate change?. - What do climate models tell us about our future?. - Where do we go from here?

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Outline of analysis Plume analysis Heat transfer analysis Temperature of impinging plume Heat transfer coefficient Melting of the ice cover Simulation example Thermal reserve analysis Literature cited Appendix

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Refraction experiments Procedure Equipment Results P waves Low velocity zone SH waves Surface wave experiments Summary and discussion Literature cited Appendix A: P wave refraction data Appendix B: SH wave refraction data. Appendix C: Surface wave dispersion calculations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Background Approach Influencing factors Field factors Laboratory Laboratory trafficking tests Force measurement and coefficient of friction Test tire slip Surface friction gauge Test procedure British portable tester Experimental results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Test pavements Appendix B. Pennsylvania State University field study Appendix C. Rochester Institute of Technology field study

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Dielectric properties of sea ice Time-domain spectroscopy measurement Laboratory measurements Field measurements Analysis of ladder data Conductivity of brine and sea ice Complex dielectric constant of brine and sea ice Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature I. Introduction II. A constitutive law for snow and balance principles III. Compatibility laws and jump equations for stress waves IV. Steady shock waves in snow V. Comparison of steady-wave theory with experimental results VI. A numerical solution to the nonsteady wave problem VII. Jump equations for nonsteady shock waves VIII. Reduced jump equations Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Mit englischem Nachwort

Note: Contents Preface Symbols Abbreviations 1 The atmospheric boundary layer 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History 1.3 Observing the ABL 1.4 ABL modelling 1.5 Applications 1.6 Scope of the book 1.7 Nomenclature and some definitions Notes and bibliography 2 Basic equations for mean and fluctuating quantities 2.1 Turbulence and flow description 2.2 Governing equations for mean and fluctuating quantities 2.3 The simplified mean equations 2.4 The turbulence closure problem 2.5 The second-moment equations 2.6 Turbulent kinetic energy and stability parameters Notes and bibliography 3 Scaling laws for mean and turbulent quantities 3.1 The wind profile: simple considerations 3.2 Wind profile laws: the neutral case 3.3 Monin-Obukhov similarity theory: the non-neutral surface layer 3.4 Generalized ABL similarity theory 3.5 Similarity theory and turbulence statistics Notes and bibliography 4 Surface roughness and local advection 4.1 Aerodynamic characteristics of the land 4.2 Scalar roughness lengths 4.3 The vegetation canopy 4.4 Flow over the sea 4.5 Local advection and the internal boundary layer Notes and bibliography 5 Energy fluxes at the land surface 5.1 Surface energy balance and soil heat flux 5.2 Radiation fluxes 5.3 Evaporation 5.4 Condensation Notes and bibliography 6 The thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer 6.1 The convective boundary layer 6.2 The stable (nocturnal) boundary layer 6.3 The marine atmospheric boundary layer 6.4 Mesoscale flow and IBL growth Notes and bibliography 7 The cloud-topped boundary layer 7.1 General properties of the CTBL 7.2 Observations 7.3 Radiation fluxes and cloud-top radiative cooling 7.4 Entrainment and entrainment instability 7.5 Numerical modelling of the CTBL Notes and bibliography 8 Atmospheric boundary-layer modelling and parameterization schemes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Surface temperature 8.3 Surface humidity (soil moisture) 8.4 Canopy parameterization 8.5 Surface fluxes 8.6 Rate equation for ABL depth 8.7 Turbulence closure schemes 8.8 ABL cloud parameterization Notes and bibliography 9 The atmospheric boundary layer, climate and climate modelling 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Sensitivity of climate to the ABL and to land surface 9.3 Research priorities Notes and bibliography Appendices References Index

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Part I. Low frequency resistivity methods Resistivity of earth materials Theory and description of techniques Surface impedance technique Airborne radiowave technique Magnetic induction technique Case studies Location of thaw zones beneath lakes and rivers Location of permeable materials in unfrozen ground Delineating permafrost boundaries Part II. High frequency dielectric methods Dielectric properties of earth materials Theory and description of equIpment Profiling radar Imaging radar Case studies Radar profile of a river channel Impulse radar profile of a freshwater lake SLAR imagery of Arctic lakes Literature cited Appendix A: Satellite imagery for subsurface water exploration

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Field site Historical background Chapter 2. Characteristics of the debris and ice Characteristics of the facies and subfacies Basal zone Characteristics of the debris Discussion Chapter 3. Oxygen isotope analysis Sampling and analysis Results Discussion Chapter 4. Depositional processes—till formation Methods of analysis Environmental setting Till formation Chapter 5. Depositional processes—resedimentation Sediment flows Other resedimentation processes Resedimentation process relationships Chapter 6. Process distribution, sediment dispersal and depositional patterns Physical characteristics Sediment dispersal Sedimentary facies Patterns of terminus sedimentation Chapter 7. Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Material representation of ice Development of the volumetric constitutive law for snow Fully elastic phase Elastic-plastic phase Fully plastic phase Simplified equation Comparison with experimental data Application to vehicle mobility problems Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Site preparation Sulfur foam application Sulfur foaming equipment Environmental aspects Traffic testing and test pad observations Field sampling and temperature readings during pouring Lab tests for physical properties Sulfur foam odor analysis Insulation costs Lab experiments with sulfur foam Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Experimental procedure Description of roofs Meteorological data Procedure Analysis General Temperature profiles Temperature rankings Heat flow Snow depths and meltwater volumes Degree of icing Results and conclusions General Temperature profiles of the roofs Comparative temperatures of roofs by section — rankings Heat flow and accumulation Snow depth, coverage, and meltwater Degree of icing Discussion of the icing problem Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Laboratory studies General Elmendorf AFB silty clay Fairbanks silt Field studies Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL Traffic use Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL Performance observations Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL Conclusions Elmendorf AFB MESL Ft. Wainwright MESL General Literature cited Appendix A. The MESL concept Appendix B. Classification, compaction, freezing and CBR test results for Fairbanks silt

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental methods Density profile and densification Internal structure in typical samples Average grain size obtained from thin section Two-dimensional porosity, total pore periphery and tortuosity Vertical distribution of Young's modulus Air permeability and its structlU'al dependence Porosity dependence Grain size dependence Kozeny's constant for Greenland snow Correlation between air permeability and tortuosity of grains Unconfined compressive strength Static compression and creep in snow under high stresses Microscopic observation of the change in snow textlU'e under compression Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The Environment Ice Growth and Accumulation Natural Ice Transport Accumulation Sites 1. Under-ice accumulation 2. Accumulation on top of the ice Evaluation of Ice Disposal Techniques 1. General 2. Disposal by displacement under the remaining ice sheet 3. Disposal by ejection on top of adjacent ice cover 4. Disposal by slurrying 5. Disposal by rafting Conclusions and Recommendations Literature Cited

Note: Table of Contents Preface List of Participants Foreword Introduction Education and training in remote sensing Chapter 1 Background - the physical basis of remote sensing Chapter 2 The EARTHNET data acquisition, processing and distribution faculty Chapter 3 METEOSAT, Europe's contribution to the global weather observing system Chapter 4 Remote sensing from space: review of future plans and prospects Chapter 5 Guide to the design and specification of a primary user receiving station for meteorological and oceanographic satellite data Chapter 6 The design and implementation of DIBIAS, a digital interactive image processing system Chapter 7 A low-cost image data display system for teaching use Chapter 8 Elementary ideas of optical image processing Chapter 9 Geometrical aspects of remote sensing, space cartography Chapter 10 Statistical methods: a selective tutorial survey Chapter 11 The atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data and the quantitative determination of suspended matter in marine water surface layers Chapter 12 Remote sensing of a complex surface Chapter 13 Some legal aspects of remote sensing Chapter 14 Airborne remote sensing experiments with a fluorescent tracer Chapter 15 Remote sensing of pollution Chapter 16 Studies of dust storms from satellites Chapter 17 The use of remote sensing in hydrology in Norway Chapter 18 Radio echo sounding of ice masses: principles and applications Chapter 19 Examples of applications of digital image processing of remotely sensed phenomena Chapter 20 Sea surface fronts and temperatures Chapter 21 Remote sensing of ocean waves, currents and surface winds by dekametric radar Chapter 22 The SEASAT-1 synthetic aperture radar: introduction data reception and processing Chapter 23 Microwave radiometry and applications Chapter 24 Meteorological models and climatological data sets Chapter 25 Use of satellite images and derived meteorological parameters for weather analysis and forecast Chapter 26 The use of cinematographic methods for the presentation of atmospheric motions as revealed by remote sensing techniques from satellites Notes on Field Trips FT1 A field assessment of various forms of remote sensing imagery on theTay Estuary tidal flats FT2 Notes for field work on sea truth measurement for remote sensing verification Worksheets for Laboratory Exercises WS1 Example of an exercise in aerial photograph interpretation WS2 A case study of mid-latitude frontal cyclone structure using TIROS-N upper-air and surface observations WS3 A climatological archive from meteorological satellite data - the problems involved WS4 Interpretation of aerial infrared survey data WS5 Simple spatial filtering experiments WS6 Portable LANDSAT-type radiometer and classification of a LANDSAT scene of the Dundee area WS7 Estimation of the forest area in the County of Norfolk from LANDSAT MSS images WS8 Classification and temporal variation in Wessex using LANDSAT MSS images WS9 Mapping of the Abertay Sands using LANDSAT MSS digital data WS 10 Estimation of snow cover in the Scottish highlands from LANDSAT imagery WS 11 Snow cover determination from TIROS-N and NOAA-6 AVHRR data Index

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Test sites Test procedures and materials Analysis of test data Mobility tests Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Obiectives and procedures Ground electrical resistivity in permafrost regions Electromagnetic techniques General Magnetic induction method Surface impedance fradiowave method Direct current method General description of field sites Results Site 1 CRREL permafrost station, Fairbanks, Alaska Site 2 Planned road cut for Steese Highway near Fox, Alaska Site 3 Relic floodplain near Fairbanks, Alaska Site 4 Pingos, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Site 5 Ice wedges, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Comparisons between the surface impedance and magnetic induction methods Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Discussion of the depth of sensitivity of the magnetic induction method using two- and three-layer apparent resistivity curves

Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors Introduction Estimates and field measurements of ice forces on structures General Indirect estimates Direct measurements Small-scale and laboratory studies Instrumentation plan for measuring ice loads on the Yukon River Bridge Load cell development The single reaction beam system Performance of a single reaction beam load cell The double reation beam load cell Reaction beam design Stress in the beam Deflection Axial tensile stress in the reaction beam Measurement techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Finding load magnitude and location with a single reaction beam device Appendix B. Finding load magnitude and location on a double reaction beam device