ALBERT

Note: Contents: 1 The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop and Christian Wiencke Part I. Atmospheric conditions 2 The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund : climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation / Marion Maturilli, Inger Hanssen-Bauer, Roland Neuber, Markus Rex, and Kåre Edvardsen Part II. Oceanography, sea ice and underwater light regime 3 The Kongsfjorden Transect : seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography / Vigdis Tverberg, Ragnheid Skogseth, Finlo Cottier, Arild Sundfjord, Waldemar Walczowski, Mark E. Inall, Eva Falck, Olga Pavlova, and Frank Nilsen 4 Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003-2016) / Olga Pavlova, Sebastian Gerland, and Haakon Hop 5 The underwater light climate in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications / Alexey K. Pavlov, Eva Leu, Dieter Hanelt, Inka Bartsch, Ulf Karsten, Stephen R. Hudson, Jean-Charles Gallet, Finlo Cottier, Jonathan H. Cohen, Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Marion Maturilli, Piotr Kowalczuk, Sławomir Sagan, Justyna Meler, and Mats A. Granskog Part III. Pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton 6 Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf / Else N. Hegseth, Philipp Assmy, Józef M. Wiktor, Józef Wiktor Jr., Svein Kristiansen, Eva Leu, Vigdis Tverberg, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Ragnheid Skogseth, and Finlo Cottier 7 Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996-2016) in relation to climate change / Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Mikko Vihtakari, Malin Daase, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Marta Gluchowska, Silke Lischka, Friedrich Buchholz and Stig Falk-Petersen Part IV. Benthic microbes, macroalgae and fauna 8 Living on cold substrata : new insights and approaches in the study of microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden / Ulf Karsten, Iris Schaub, Jana Woelfel, Duygu S. Sevilgen, Carolin Schlie, Burkhard Becker, Angela Wulff, Martin Graeve, and Heiko Wagner 9 Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden / Stein Fredriksen, Ulf Karsten, Inka Bartsch, Jana Woelfel, Miriam Koblowsky, Rhena Schumann, Siri Røang Moy, Robert S. Steneck, Józef M. Wiktor, Haakon Hop, and Christian Wiencke 10. Kelps and environmental changes in Kongsfjorden : Stress perception and responses / Kai Bischof, Christian Buschbaum, Stein Frederiksen, Francisco J. L. Gordillo, Sandra Heinrich, Carlos Jiménez, Cornelius Lütz, Markus Molis, Michael Y. Roleda, Max Schwanitz, and Christian Wiencke 11. Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Markus Molis, Frank Beuchel, Jürgen Laudien, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, and Christian Buschbaum Part V. Arctic fjord ecosystem model and autonomous marine observatories. 12. Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard / Pedro Duarte, Jan Marcin Weslawski, and Haakon Hop 13. Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop, Finlo Cottier, and Jørgen Berge Part VI. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic 14. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic : knowns, unknowns and research priorities / Kai Bischof, Peter Convey, Pedro Duarte, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Maria Granberg, Haakon Hop, Clara Hoppe, Carlos Jiménez, Leonid Lisitsyn, Brezo Martinez, Michael Y. Roleda, Peter Thor, Józef M. Wiktor, and Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Note: Contents Part I Paleomagnetism 1 Results of Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Studies of Sedimentary Rocks from Kema and Silasa Formations of the Sikhote-Alin Orogen / M. V. Arkhipov, A. Yu. Peskov, A. N. Didenko, S. Otoh, A. V. Kudymov, M. Nagata, Y. Kouchi and K. Yamamoto 2 Late Paleozoic Remagnetization: Evaluation of the Sequence of Folding in the South Urals / Inessa Golovanova, Konstantin Danukalov and Raushaniya Sal’manova 3 Paleomagnetic Directions Distortion Caused by Viscous-Plastic Deformations Estimated from Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (Case Study of Berriasian Clays from East Crimea) / V. A. Grishchenko and A. Yu. Guzhikov 4 Carboniferous of the Russian Platform: Paleomagnetic Data / A. G. Iosifidi, V. A. Mikhailova, V. V. Popov, E. S. Sergienko, A. V. Danilova, N. M. Otmas and A. V. Zhuravlev 5 Evidence for the Existence of the Gothenburg and Mono Lake Excursions Based on Paleomagnetic Data from Baunt Lake Sediments (Northern Transbaikalia) / M. A. Krainov, E. V. Bezrukova, A. A. Shchetnikov and A. Yu. Peskov 6 Intrusions of the Kulumbe River Valley, NW Siberian Traps Province: Paleomagnetism, Magnetic Fabric and Geochemistry / A. V. Latyshev, N. A. Krivolutskaya, P. S. Ulyahina, Ya. V. Bychkova and B. I. Gongalsky 7 Paleomagnetism of Basalts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Bouvet Triple Junction / V. I. Maksimochkin and A. N. Tselebrovskiy 8 Archaeomagnetic Studies of the Material of the Archaeological Monument Dmitrievskaya Sloboda II of the Second Millennium B.C / O. V. Pilipenko, I. E. Nachasova, S. K. Gribov and O. V. Zelentsova Part II Rock and Environmental Magnetism 9 Influence of Magnetostatic Interaction on Magnetic Characteristics of Decay Products of Nanodisperse Titanomagnetites / S. V. Anisimov, L. L. Afremov and I. G. Iliushin 10 An Estimate of the Remanent Magnetization in the Case of a Ferromagnet Transformation Accompanied by a Change in the Curie Temperature / V. I. Belokon, E. V. Chibiriak and O. I. Dyachenko 11 A 13,000-Yr Record of Environmental Change from Tschuchye Lake in Northeast Yakutia / S. S. Burnatny, A. N. Naumov and Yu. A. Korzun 12 Comparison of the Porosity Determination on the Whole Core and Petrophysical Samples / A. V. Fattakhov, V. E. Kosarev, D. L. Melnikova, V. D. Skirda and A. V. Starovoytov 13 Magnetic Properties of Soils from the Volga-Kama Forest-Steppe / L. A. Fattakhova, L. R. Kosareva and A. A. Shinkarev 14 Magnetic Properties of Artificial CRM Created on Titanomagnetite-Bearing Oceanic Basalts / S. K. Gribov, V. P. Shcherbakov and N. A. Aphinogenova 15 Blocking Temperature and Hysteresis Characteristics of Nanoparticles of Oxidated Magnetite / Ilia Iliushin and Leonid Afremov 16 Low-Temperature Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Mineralogy of the Ropruchey Sill (Russian Karelia) / Andrei Kosterov, Elena S. Sergienko, Petr V. Kharitonskii, Svetlana Yu. Yanson and Irina A. Vasilieva 17 Preliminary Magnetic Investigation of Samples from Reference Permian-Triassic Sequence, Kemerovo Region, Russia / Dilyara Kuzina, Lina Kosareva, Ilmir Gilmetdinov, Radmir Aupov, Vladimir Silantiev, Vladimir Davydov, Irina Dogadina and Natalia Kuzmina 18 Magnetic Properties and Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soils of the Krasnyi Kut Town (Saratov, Russia) / M. V. Reshetnikov, A. S. Sheshnev, E. S. Sokolov and S. D. Shkodin 19 Rock-Magnetism and Granulometry of Late Palaeolithic Sites in the Tunka Rift Valley (Pribaikalie) as a Tool for Reconstruction of Sedimentary Environment / G. G. Matasova, A. A. Shchetnikov, I. A. Filinov, A. Yu. Kazansky, G. A. Vorobyeva, N. E. Berdnikova, E. O. Rogovskoy, E. A. Lipnina, I. M. Berdnikov and L. V. Lbova 20 Application of Methods of Rocks Magnetism for Determination of Criteria of Perspectiveness of Ore-Formation / J. H. Minasyan 21 Rock Magnetic Properties of Pleistocene Tephras from the Polovinka Section of the Central Kamchatka Depression / A. N. Naumov, S. S. Burnatny, P. S. Minyuk and A. G. Zubov 22 Basalts of the Zhom-Bolok Lava River as a Possible Sources of Metallic Iron in Sediments of Local Lakes: Thermomagnetic and Microprobe Justification / D. M. Pechersky, A. Yu. Kazansky, A. Kozlovsky, G. P. Markov, A. A. Shchetnikov and V. A. Tselmovich Part III Magnetostratigraphy 23 Magnetostratigraphy of the Reference Sections of the Cisuralian Series (Permian System) / Yu. P. Balabanov, R. Kh. Sungatullin, G. M. Sungatullina, L. R. Kosareva, M. S. Glukhov, P. G. Yakunina, A. O. Zhernenkov, V. V. Antonenko and A. A. Сhurbanov 24 General Magnetostratigraphic Scale: Present Status and Outlook of Development / A. Yu. Guzhikov 25 Existence of the Reversal Polarity Zones in Turonian-Coniacian from the Lower Volga (Russia): New Data / A. A. Guzhikova, A. Yu. Guzhikov, E. M. Pervushov, I. P. Ryabov and A. M. Surinskiy 26 Magnetostratigraphy of the Key Loess-Palaesol Sequence at Roxolany (Western Black Sea Region) / D. V. Hlavatskyi and V. G. Bakhmutov 27 Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy of the Upper Cenozoic Deposits of Near-Sea Dagestan (Russia) and the Age of the Early Paleolithic Site Rubas-1 / A. Yu. Kazansky, A. A. Anoikin, A. P. Derevianko, G. G. Matasova and V. Yu. Bragin 28 Magnetic Stratigraphy of the Bazhenov Suite of Western Siberia and the Surrounding Deposits / A. G. Manikin, V. A. Grishchenko, A. Yu. Guzhikov and V. V. Kolpakov Part IV Extraterrestrial Magnetism 29 Metallic Iron in the Planets Interior: Generalization of Thermomagnetic and Microprobe Results / D. M. Kuzina and D. M. Pechersky 30 Magnetic Properties of Tektite-like Impact Glasses from Zhamanshin Astrobleme, Kazakhstan / Vyacheslav A. Starunov, Andrei Kosterov, Elena S. Sergienko, Svetlana Yu. Yanson, Gennady P. Markov, Petr V. Kharitonskii, Aleksandr S. Sakhatskii, Irina E. Lezova and Evgenii V. Shevchenko 31 Background Magnetic Component of Holocene Cosmic Dust Allocated from Peat / V. A. Tselmovich and A. Yu. Kurazhkovskii Part V Geomagnetic Field and Magnetic Surveys 32 Preliminary Results of the Geohistorical and Paleomagnetic Analysis of Marine Magnetic Anomalies in the Northwestern Indian Ocean / S. A. Ivanov and S. A. Merkuriev 33 Geomagnetic Variations for Axial Dipole Hypothesis and Dynamo Parameters / S. V. Starchenko 34 Simple Estimations for Planetary Convection Turbulence and Dynamo Magnetism from Optimized Scaling and Observations / S. V. Starchenko 35 MHD Sources, 1600-2005 Evolution and 1900-2005 Probabilistic Time Analysis for Logarithmic Time-Derivatives of Geomagnetic Spherical Harmonics / S. V. Starchenko and S. V. Yakovleva 36 Unmanned Airborne Magnetic Survey Technologies: Present and Future / Tsirel Vadim, Parshin Alexander, Ancev Vasily and Kapshtan Dmitry

Note: Contents: 1 The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop and Christian Wiencke Part I. Atmospheric conditions 2 The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund : climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation / Marion Maturilli, Inger Hanssen-Bauer, Roland Neuber, Markus Rex, and Kåre Edvardsen Part II. Oceanography, sea ice and underwater light regime 3 The Kongsfjorden Transect : seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography / Vigdis Tverberg, Ragnheid Skogseth, Finlo Cottier, Arild Sundfjord, Waldemar Walczowski, Mark E. Inall, Eva Falck, Olga Pavlova, and Frank Nilsen 4 Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003-2016) / Olga Pavlova, Sebastian Gerland, and Haakon Hop 5 The underwater light climate in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications / Alexey K. Pavlov, Eva Leu, Dieter Hanelt, Inka Bartsch, Ulf Karsten, Stephen R. Hudson, Jean-Charles Gallet, Finlo Cottier, Jonathan H. Cohen, Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Marion Maturilli, Piotr Kowalczuk, Sławomir Sagan, Justyna Meler, and Mats A. Granskog Part III. Pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton 6 Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf / Else N. Hegseth, Philipp Assmy, Józef M. Wiktor, Józef Wiktor Jr., Svein Kristiansen, Eva Leu, Vigdis Tverberg, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Ragnheid Skogseth, and Finlo Cottier 7 Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996-2016) in relation to climate change / Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Mikko Vihtakari, Malin Daase, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Marta Gluchowska, Silke Lischka, Friedrich Buchholz and Stig Falk-Petersen Part IV. Benthic microbes, macroalgae and fauna 8 Living on cold substrata : new insights and approaches in the study of microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden / Ulf Karsten, Iris Schaub, Jana Woelfel, Duygu S. Sevilgen, Carolin Schlie, Burkhard Becker, Angela Wulff, Martin Graeve, and Heiko Wagner 9 Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden / Stein Fredriksen, Ulf Karsten, Inka Bartsch, Jana Woelfel, Miriam Koblowsky, Rhena Schumann, Siri Røang Moy, Robert S. Steneck, Józef M. Wiktor, Haakon Hop, and Christian Wiencke 10. Kelps and environmental changes in Kongsfjorden : Stress perception and responses / Kai Bischof, Christian Buschbaum, Stein Frederiksen, Francisco J. L. Gordillo, Sandra Heinrich, Carlos Jiménez, Cornelius Lütz, Markus Molis, Michael Y. Roleda, Max Schwanitz, and Christian Wiencke 11. Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Markus Molis, Frank Beuchel, Jürgen Laudien, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, and Christian Buschbaum Part V. Arctic fjord ecosystem model and autonomous marine observatories. 12. Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard / Pedro Duarte, Jan Marcin Weslawski, and Haakon Hop 13. Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop, Finlo Cottier, and Jørgen Berge Part VI. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic 14. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic : knowns, unknowns and research priorities / Kai Bischof, Peter Convey, Pedro Duarte, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Maria Granberg, Haakon Hop, Clara Hoppe, Carlos Jiménez, Leonid Lisitsyn, Brezo Martinez, Michael Y. Roleda, Peter Thor, Józef M. Wiktor, and Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Note: Contents Part I Introduction Population Genomics: Advancing Understanding of Nature / Gordon Luikart, Marty Kardos, Brian K. Hand, Om P. Rajora, Sally N. Aitken, and Paul A. Hohenlohe Part II Methods Genotyping and Sequencing Technologies in Population Genetics and Genomics / J. A. Holliday, E. M. Hallerman, and D. C. Haak Computational Tools for Population Genomics / Jarkko Salojärvi Population and Evolutionary Genetic Inferences in the Whole-Genome Era: Software Challenges / Alexandros Stamatakis Part III Concepts and Approaches Population Epigenomics: Advancing Understanding of Phenotypic Plasticity, Acclimation, Adaptation and Diseases / Ehren R. V. Moler, Abdulkadir Abakir, Maria Eleftheriou, Jeremy S. Johnson, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Lara C. Lewis, Alexey Ruzov, Amy V. Whipple, and Om P. Rajora Landscape Genomics: Understanding Relationships Between Environmental Heterogeneity and Genomic Characteristics of Populations / Niko Balkenhol, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Jeremy S. Johnson, David M. Cairns, Gernot Segelbacher, Kimberly A. Selkoe, Sophie von der Heyden, Ian J. Wang, Oliver Selmoni, and Stéphane Joost Paleogenomics: Genome-Scale Analysis of Ancient DNA and Population and Evolutionary Genomic Inferences / Tianying Lan and Charlotte Lindqvist Genome-Wide Association Studies and Heritability Estimation in the Functional Genomics Era / Dunia Pino Del Carpio, Roberto Lozano, Marnin D. Wolfe, and Jean-Luc Jannink Genomic Selection / Elisabeth Jonas, Freddy Fikse, Lars Rönnegård, and Elena Flavia Mouresan Part IV Population, Evolutionary and Ecological Genetics Applications and Inferences Population Genomics Provides Key Insights in Ecology and Evolution / Paul A. Hohenlohe, Brian K. Hand, Kimberly R. Andrews, and Gordon Luikart Inferring Demographic History Using Genomic Data / Jordi Salmona, Rasmus Heller, Martin Lascoux, and Aaron Shafer Advancing Biogeography Through Population Genomics / Jeremy S. Johnson, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Om P. Rajora, Keith D. Gaddis, and David M. Cairns Adaptation Without Boundaries: Population Genomics in Marine Systems / Marjorie F. Oleksiak Population Genomics of Speciation and Admixture / Nicola J. Nadeau and Takeshi Kawakami Population Genomics of Colonization and Invasion / Shana R. Welles and Katrina M. Dlugosch Population Genomics of Crop Domestication: Current State and Perspectives / Philippe Cubry and Yves Vigouroux Population Genomics of Animal Domestication and Breed Development / Samantha Wilkinson and Pamela Wiener Population Genomics of Domestication and Breed Development in Canines in the Context of Cognitive, Social, Behavioral, and Disease Traits / Kristopher J. L. Irizarry and Elton J. R. Vasconcelos Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 2 Time and Geological Periods 3 Rocks and the Geological Record 4 The Age of the Rocks 5 Plate Tectonics, the Unifying Theory 6 Tectonics Units of Europe 6.1 Ancestral Europe 6.2 Paleo-Europe 6.3 Meso-Europe 6.4 Neo-Europe 7 Overview of the Plate Tectonic History of Europe 8 The Dynamic Earth, Earthquakes in Germany 9 Early Geological Evolution of Germany 9.1 The Pre-variscan Basement 9.2 Occurrences of Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic Units 9.2.1 Harz Mountains 9.2.2 Rheinisches Schiefergebirge 9.2.3 Lusatia 9.2.4 Elbe Zone 9.2.5 Erzgebirge 9.2.6 Schwarzburg Anticlinorium, Vesser Zone 9.2.7 Bohemian Massif 9.2.8 Black Forest 10 Late Paleozoic of Germany 10.1 The Variscan Orogeny 10.1.1 Rhenohercynian Zone 10.1.2 Saxothuringian Zone 10.1.3 Moldanubian Zone 10.2 Development of the Variscan Orogeny Through Time 10.2.1 Devonian 10.2.2 Carboniferous 10.3 The Variscides in Germany 10.3.1 Regional Geology of the Rhenohercynian 10.3.2 Northern Phyllite Zone 10.3.3 Regional Geology of the Saxothuringian 10.3.4 Saxothuringian (excluding the Mid-German Crystalline Zone) 10.3.5 Regional Geology of the Moldanubian 11 Permian and Mesozoic Geology of Germany 11.1 Post-Variscan History 11.2 Permian 11.2.1 Rotliegend 11.2.2 Zechstein 11.3 Permian/Triassic Boundary 11.4 Triassic 11.4.1 Buntsandstein (Bunter Sandstone) 11.4.2 Muschelkalk 11.4.3 Keuper 11.5 Triassic/Jurassic Boundary 11.6 Jurassic 11.6.1 Early Jurassic 11.6.2 Middle Jurassic 11.6.3 Late Jurassic 11.7 Cretaceous 11.7.1 Early Cretaceous 11.7.2 Late Cretaceous 11.8 Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary 12 The Evolution of the Alps 12.1 Overview of the Tectonic Structure of the Alps 12.1.1 Helvetic 12.1.2 Penninic 12.1.3 Austroalpine and Southern Alpine Units 12.2 Development of the Alpine Region During the Permian 12.3 The Alpine Triassic 12.4 The Alpine Jurassic 12.5 The Alpine Region in the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary 12.6 The Tectonic Evolution of the Alps 13 Tertiary Basins 13.1 Tertiary Brown Coal Deposits 13.2 The Upper Rhine Graben 13.3 The Northern Alpine Foreland Basin—The Molasse 14 Tertiary and Quaternary Volcanism 14.1 Volcanism in the Eifel 14.2 Westerwald, Siebengebirge, Vogelsberg, Rhön, and Heldburger Gangschar 14.3 Small Chimneys in the Odenwald and the Messel Pit 14.4 Kaiserstuhl 14.5 Tuff Chimneys of Bad Urach, Hegau 14.6 Eger Graben Area, Fichtel Mountains, Vogtland, and Lusatia 15 Asteroid Craters 16 Germany During the Glacial Periods 16.1 Glacial and Interglacial Periods 16.2 Deposits and Erosion Forms of the Glacial Periods 16.3 The Baltic Sea—A Relic from the Last Glaciation Period Appendix References Index

Note: Contents 1 The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II / Iain J. Gordon and Herbert H. T. Prins 2 The Palaeontology of Browsing and Grazing / Juha Saarinen 3 The Paleoecological Impact of Grazing and Browsing: Consequences of the Late Quaternary Large Herbivore Extinctions / John Rowan and J. T. Faith 4 Morphological and Physiological Adaptations for Browsing and Grazing / Daryl Codron, Reinhold R. Hofmann, and Marcus Clauss 5 Feeding Ecology of Large Browsing and Grazing Herbivores / Jan A. Venter, Mika M. Vermeulen, and Christopher F. Brooke 6 Population Dynamics of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates in the Anthropocene / Christian Kiffner and Derek E. Lee 7 Community Dynamics of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates / Charudutt Mishra, Munib Khanyari, Herbert H. T. Prins, and Kulbhushansingh R. Suryawanshi 8 Weather and Climate Impacts on Browsing and Grazing Ungulates / Randall B. Boone 9 Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Soil Biota and Nutrient Dynamics / Judith Sitters and Walter S. Andriuzzi 10 Effects of Grazing and Browsing on Tropical Savanna Vegetation / Frank van Langevelde, Claudius A. D. M. van de Vijver, Herbert H. T. Prins, and Thomas A. Groen 11 Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Plant Characteristics and Dynamics / Autumn E. Sabo 12 Impacts of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates on Faunal Biodiversity / Krisztián Katona and Corli Coetsee 13 Interactions Between Fire and Herbivory: Current Understanding and Management Implications / Izak P. J. Smit and Corli Coetsee 14 Managing Browsing and Grazing Ungulates / Richard W. S. Fynn, David J. Augustine, and Samuel D. Fuhlendorf 15 The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa / Iain J. Gordon, Herbert H. T. Prins, Jordan Mallon, Laura D. Puk, Everton B. P. Miranda, Carolina Starling-Manne, René van der Wal, Ben Moore, William Foley, Lucy Lush, Renan Maestri, Ikki Matsuda, and Marcus Clauss 16 Browsers and Grazers Drive the Dynamics of Ecosystems / Iain J. Gordon and Herbert H. T. Prins Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Evolution and Progress Accomplished During Previous French-Japanese Symposiums of Oceanography / Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi 2 Challenge to Resolve Problems in the Ocean and Coastal Waters in Future Earth with Stronger Cooperation Between the Two Societies Franco-Japonaise of Oceanography / Teruhisa Komatsu Part II Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts 3 Slower Decrease in Radioactive Concentrations in Some Fish Species After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster / Hisayuki Arakawa 4 Influence of Behavioral Patterns of Several Fish Species on Their Radioactive Cesium Concentrations Revealed with a Biotelemetry System After the Nuclear Accident Caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake / Keiichi Uchida, Kohei Hasegawa, Yoshinori Miyamoto, Hisayuki Arakawa, Seiji Akiyama and Naoto Hirakawa 5 Estimate of Water Quality Change in Osaka Bay Caused by the Suspension of Marine Sediment with Mega Tsunami / Mitsuru Hayashi, Satoshi Nakada, Shunich Koshimura and Eiichi Kobayashi 6 Litter in the Mediterranean Sea / François Galgani 7 The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in France: An Example of Close Cooperation Among Researchers and Fishers to Study and Manage an Endangered Species / Patrick Prouzet, Elsa Amilhat, Catherine Boisneau, Philippe Boisneau, Eric Feunteun and Nicolas Michelet 8 Trophic Cascade in Seaweed Beds in Sanriku Coast Hit by the Huge Tsunami on 11 March 2011: Sea Urchin Fishery as a Satoumi Activity Serving for Increase in Marine Productivity and Biodiversity / Teruhisa Komatsu, Shuji Sasa, Hiroki Murata, Shuhei Sawayama, Masahiro Hamana, Minami Asada, Ryo Tsujimoto, Genki Terauchi and Tetsuo Yanagi 9 The English Channel: Becoming like the Seas Around Japan / Jean-Claude Dauvin, Jean-Philippe Pezy and Alexandrine Baffreau Part III Physical Oceanography 10 Recent Research Results and Future Project in the Antarctic Ocean by Umitaka-Maru Research Group for Physical Oceanography / Yujiro Kitade, Keishi Shimada, Shigeru Aoki and Kay I. Ohshima 11 Response of Near-Inertial Internal Waves to Various Typhoon-Tracks Around the Tango Peninsula, Japan / Keiichi Yamazaki, Yujiro Kitade, Yosuke Igeta, Yutaka Kumaki and Tatsuro Watanabe 12 A High-Resolution Unstructured Grid Finite Volume Model for Currents Around Narrow Straits of Matsushima Bay / Hidekazu Shirai, Ritsuki Kunisato, Shinya Magome, Teruhisa Hattori, Takamasa Takagi, Katsuaki Okabe, Kazufumi Takayanagi and Shigeho Kakehi 13 Observation of Near-Bottom Current on the Continental Shelf Off Sanriku / Daigo Yanagimoto, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Shinzou Fujio, Hajime Nishigaki and Miho Ishizu Part IV Innovative Research 14 Control of Pressure-Driven Microdroplet Formation and Optimum Encapsulation in Microfluidic System / Mathias Girault, Akihiro Hattori, Hyonchol Kim, Kenji Matsuura, Masao Odaka, Hideyuki Terazono and Kenji Yasuda 15 Development of a De-oiling System for Seabed Sediments / Yoshichika Ikeda, Motohiro Miki, Hisayuki Arakawa and Mitsuru Izumi 16 Development of an Optical Detection System of Fuel Oil on Seabed Sediments / Akira Matsumoto, Kazuki Toguchi, Yoshichika Ikeda and Hisayuki Arakawa 17 Retinomotor and Stress Responses of Marbled Sole Pseudopleuronectes Yokohamae Under the LEDs / Rena Shibata, Yasuyuki Uto, Kenichi Ishibashi and Takashi Yada 18 Metabolome Profiling of Growth Hormone Transgenic Coho Salmon by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry / Toshiki Nakano, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Giles Yeo, Robert H. Devlin and Tomoyoshi Soga 19 Estimating the Diets of Fish Using Stomach Contents Analysis and a Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models in Sendai Bay / Hiroyuki Togashi, Yukinori Nakane, Yosuke Amano and Yutaka Kurita Part V Coastal Ecosystem and Management 20 Ecological Status of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) in France: Need for an Ecosystemic Approach / Patrick Prouzet and Nicolas Michelet 21 Challenges to Harmonize Sustainable Fishery with Environmental Conservation in the Coastal Ecosystems Under Oligotrophication / Masakazu Hori, Masahito Hirota, Franck Lagarde, Sandrine Vaz, Masami Hamaguchi, Naoaki Tezuka, Mitsutaku Makino and Ryo Kimura 22 One-Year Colonization by Zoobenthic Species on an Eco-Friendly Artificial Reef in the English Channel Intertidal Zone / Jean-Claude Dauvin and Aurélie Foveau 23 New Installations of Artificial Reefs Along the Coast of the Landes (South–West Atlantic Coast of France) / Gérard Fourneau, Florence Dufour, Aurélie Penne, Nelly Ferrou, Thomas Scourzic, Aurore Laborde and Elodie Zaccari 24 Marine Ecosystem Services: Perception of Residents from Remote Islands, Taketomi Town / Kazumi Wakita, Keiyu Kohama, Takako Masuda, Katsumi Yoshida, Taro Oishi, Zhonghua Shen, Nobuyuki Yagi, Hisahi Kurokura, Ken Furuya and Yasuwo Fukuyo 25 Quantitative Mapping of Fish Habitat: From Knowledge to Spatialised Fishery Management / Sandrine Vaz and Olivier Le Pape 26 Do Our Ocean Policies Make Any Difference in the Wellbeing of Coastal Communities? / Yves Henocque Part VI Aquaculture 27 Heterogeneity of Japanese Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Spat Collection in a Shellfish Farmed Mediterranean Lagoon / Franck Lagarde, Martin Ubertini, Serge Mortreux, Adeline Perignon, Axel Leurion, Patrik Le Gall, Claude Chiantella, Slem Meddah, Jean-Louis Guillou, Gregory Messiaen, Béatrice Bec, Cécile Roques, Delphine Bonnet, Hélène Cochet, Ismaël Bernard, Erika Gervasoni, Marion Richard, Gilles Miron, Annie Fiandrino, Stephane Pouvreau and Emmanuelle Roque D’orbcastel 28 Suitable Oyster Culture Density in Oginohama Bay, Miyagi, Japan / Yutaka Okumura, Akatsuki Nawata, Hiroshi Ito, Akio Oshino and Motoyuki Hara 29 Population Dynamics of the Manila Clam Ruditapes Philippinarum and Implications of the 2011 Tsunami Impact in Two Shallow, Semi-enclosed Bays in Northeastern Japan / Hirokazu Abe, Masami Hamaguchi, Naoto Kajihara, Yuichi Taniai, Akio Oshino, Akihiro Moriyama and Takashi Kamiyama 30 Feed and Feeding in Certification Schemes of Sustainable Aquaculture / Catherine Mariojouls, Raphaëla Le Gouvello and François Simard Part VII Short and Preliminary Communications 31 French Bluefin Tuna Longline Fishery Bycatch Programme / François Poisson, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Hervé Demarcq, Luisa Métral, Blandine Brisset, Delphine Cornella and Bertrand Wendling 32 137 Cs and Tritium Concentrations in Seawater off the Fukushima Prefecture: Results from the SOSO 5 Rivers Cruise (October 2014) / Michio Aoyama, Hervé Thébault, Y. Hamajima, Sabine Charmasson, Mireille Arnaud and Céline Duffa Correction to: Oceanography Challenges to Future Earth / Teruhisa Komatsu, Hubert-Jean Ceccaldi, Jiro Yoshida, Patrick Prouzet and Yves Henocque Author Index

Note: Contents Part I Unraveling Microbial Diversity and Their Processes Phagotrophic Protists: Central Roles in Microbial Food Webs / Evelyn B. Sherr and Barry F. Sherr Overview Protists as Elemental Recyclers Protists as Consumers of Bacteria Protists as Consumers of Phytoplankton Protists in High Latitude Food Webs Looking to the Future References Drivers That Structure Biodiversity in the Plankton / Tatiana A. Rynearson and Susanne Menden-Deuer Plankton Biodiversity Alternate Hypotheses That Explain the Paradox of the Plankton An Organismal Perspective on the Paradox of the Plankton: A Biodiversity Explosion from Within? Linking Individual Level Behaviors with Plankton Ecology Pervasive Intra-specific Variability in the Genetic Diversity, Physiological Capacity, and Behavioral Repertoire of Plankton Evolution: Generating and Structuring Diversity over the Long Term Opportunities for Progress References The Elongated, the Squat and the Spherical: Selective Pressures for Phytoplankton Shape / Lee Karp-Boss and Emmanuel Boss Introduction Effects of Shape on Diffusion Other Selective Pressures References Crossing the Freshwater/Saline Barrier: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacteria Inhabiting Both Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems / Mina Bižić-Ionescu and Danny Ionescu Introduction Recent Data on Shared Taxa Synthesis of Published Sequence Data Future Perspectives References Approaches and Challenges for Linking Marine Biogeochemical Models with the “Omics” Revolution / Victoria J. Coles and Raleigh R. Hood Introduction Bridging the Cultural and Structural Divide Relating Existing Omics to Current Biogeochemical Models Near-Term Innovation Conclusions References Part II Viewing Growth and Trophodynamics Through a Stoichiometric Lens Out of Africa and into Stoichiometry / Susan S. Kilham and Peter Kilham References Exploring the Implications of the Stoichiometric Modulation of Planktonic Predation / Aditee Mitra and Kevin J. Flynn Introduction Characterising the Predator–Prey Stoichiometric Link Elemental Stoichiometry and Commercial Microalgal Production Effects of Temperature, Ocean Acidification and Nutrient Excess Avoiding Predation Stoichiometry and Mixotrophy Conclusions References . Part III Understanding the Mysteries of Light and Nitrogen On Saturating Response Curves from the Dual Perspectives of Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism / Todd M. Kana and Patricia M. Glibert Introduction Static vs. Dynamic Behavior Gradient Signals and Dynamics of Response Curves Overall Perspective on Dynamic Kinetics References Nitrate Reductase: A Nexus of Disciplines, Organisms, and Metabolism / Erica B. Young and John A. Berges Introduction Why Nitrate Reductase? Understanding That Has Emerged from Recent NR Measurements Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges Conclusion References The Ammonium Paradox of an Urban High- Nutrient Low-Growth Estuary / Frances Wilkerson and Richard Dugdale High-Nutrient Low-Growth Estuaries and Oligotrophication Observation of an Ammonium Paradox Ammonium: The Gatekeeper Controlling Access to Nitrate References Why Is Planktonic Nitrogen Fixation So Rare in Coastal Marine Ecosystems? Insights from a Cross-Systems Approach / Roxanne Marino and Robert W. Howarth References Where Light and Nutrients Collide: The Global Distribution and Activity of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers / Greg M. Silsbe and Sairah Y. Malkin At the Confluence of Light and Nutrients Distribution of Marine SCMLs Phytoplankton Production in SCMLs Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers in Lakes References Part IV Looking in the Rear View Mirror: The Long View on Changing Ecosystems An Ecosystem in Transition: The Emergence of Mixotrophy in the Arabian Sea / Joaquim I. Goes and Helga do R. Gomes Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion References The Saint Lawrence Island Polynya: A 25-Year Evaluation of an Analogue for Climate Change in Polar Regions / Jacqueline M. Grebmeier and Lee W. Cooper Introduction Synthesis Results and Discussion The Northern Bering Sea: Interannual Variability and Change Benthivores Overall Summary References Ecological Processes and Nutrient Transfers from Land to Sea: A 25-Year Perspective on Research and Management of the Seine River System / Josette Garnier and Gilles Billen Introduction 1850–1990: Organic Pollution and Oxygen 1990–2000: Eutrophication and Algal Bloom 2000–2015: Agricultural Pollution and Nitrate Contamination Conclusion: From Microbial Ecology to Territorial Biogeochemistry References A Historical Perspective on Eutrophication in the Pensacola Bay Estuary, FL, USA / Jane M. Caffrey and Michael C. Murrell Introduction Pensacola Bay Physical Setting Human Colonization of Pensacola Bay River and Estuarine Water Quality Controls on Primary Production, Organic Matter, and Nutrient Cycling Summary References Unpublished Reports Websites Meeting in the Middle: On the Interactions Between Microalgae and Their Predators or Zooplankton and Their Food / Karen H. Wiltshire and Maarten Boersma Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Lake Transparency: A Window into Decadal Variations in Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Lakes of Acadia National Park, Maine / Collin Roesler and Charles Culbertson Introduction Methods Results Discussion References Part V Focusing on Unique Systems, Processes and Dynamics Phytoplankton Biodiversity in the Oligotrophic Northwestern Sargasso Sea / James L. Pinckney and Tammi L. Richardson Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Biological Oceanography of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: A Review / Peter C. Rothlisberg and Michele A. Burford Introduction Study Area Currents and Hydrography Phytoplankton and the Role of Nutrients Zooplankton Penaeid Prawn Larval Ecology Larval Dispersal Mechanisms Summary Points References Discerning the Causes of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Lyngbya majuscula) Blooms in Moreton Bay, Australia / Judith M. O’Neil and William C. Dennison Introduction Nutrient Interactions Light Interactions Conceptual Model Broader Significance References Copepod, Ctenophore, and Schyphomedusae Control in Structuring the Chesapeake Bay Summer Mesohaline Planktonic Food Web / Kevin G. Sellner and Stella G. Sellner Introduction Methods Results and Discussion References Microbiogeochemical Ecophysiology of Freshwater Hydrothermal Vents in Mary Bay Canyon, Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park WY / Carmen Aguilar and Russell Cuhel Introduction Methods Big Picture Outcomes Closing Remarks References Index

Note: Contents: Introduction ; Horizontal Policies: General Aspects ; The Circulation of the Model of Sustainable Development: Tracing the Path in a Comparative Law Perspective ; 3-D Sustainability and Its Contribution to Governance Assessment in Legal Terms: Examples and Perspectives ; Sustainability—A Long, Hard Road ; Horizontal Policies: Human and Intellectual Property Rights ; Environmental Sustainability as a Human Right ; Ensuring Access to Safe Drinking Water as an Imperative of Sustainable Development ; Ensuring a Sustainable Future Through Recognizing and Protecting Indigenous Ecological Knowledge ; Horizontal policies: Communication and Social Enterprise Governance ; Framing New Environmental Cultures for Sustainability. Communication and Sensemaking in Three Intractable Multiparty Conflicts in the EbreBiosfera, Spain ; An Empirical Investigation of Supportive Legal Frameworks for Social Enterprises in Belgium: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison of Case Studies Concerning Social Enterprises in the Social Housing, Finance and Energy Sector ; Horizontal Policies: Public Participation ; Judicial Control Over Acts of Administrative Omission: Environmental Rule of Law and Recent Case Law in Japan ; Examining the Resilience of Public Participation Structures for Sustainable Mining in the Philippines ; Public Participation and Constitutional Impediments to Sustainable Development in Nigeria ; Horizontal Policies: Assessment Tools ; A Global Conceptual Framework for Categorizing Environmental Change Based on Property Rights and Compensation ; Prioritising the Environment in Sustainable Development: Lessons from Australian Environmental Impact Assessment ; Reframing Sustainability in Taiwan: Legal Challenges and Opportunities ; Sectorial Policies: Forest and Water Management ; A Legal Butterfly Effect: Unexpected Twists and Turns of the Law in Costa Rica’s Payment for Ecosystem Services Program ; From River Basins to Landscapes—Holistic Legal Constructs and Their Differentiation ; Coherence Issues Between Climate, Energy and Water in the Case of European Hydropower: Can We Have It All? ; Sectorial Policies: Renewable Energy ; Generating Renewable Energy for the Material Realization of Sustainable Development: What Do We Need from Multilateral Cooperation, the Climate Change and the International Trade Regimes? ; The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard and the Revocation of Feed in Tariffs—Foreign Renewable Energy Investments in Crisis-Struck Spain ; Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Sustainability into Policymaking, Planning and Implementation of Renewable Energy Projects—The New Zealand Model ; Tackling Climate Change Through the Elimination of Trade Barriers for Low-Carbon Goods: Multilateral, Plurilateral and Regional Approaches ; Sectorial Policies: Cities, Waste and Material Management ; Environmental Integration in China’s Eco-city Development—From an Institutional Perspective ; Identifying the Interaction Between Landfill Taxes and NIMBY. A Simulation for Flanders (Belgium) Using a Dynamic Optimization Model ; Pressing Forward—Developments in the Transition Towards Sustainable Materials Management in EU Environmental Law ; Sectorial Policies: Biodiversity, Nature Conservation, Oceans and Spatial Planning ; Sustainable Development: New Thoughts, New Policy, New Law? ; Sustainable Development of the Oceans: Closing the Gaps in the International Legal Framework ; Knowledge in Sustainable Resource Management in Australia ; Sectorial Policies: Agriculture and Rural Policy ; The Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Its Implications in Agriculture: The Agroforestry Case in the Brazilian Legal Framework ; Next Generation Rural Natural Resource Governance: A Careful Diagnosis ; Conclusions

Note: Contents 1 History and Description of Ice Ages 1.1 Discovery of Ice Ages 1.2 Description of Ice Sheets 1.3 Vegetation During LGM 1.3.1 LGM Climate 1.3.2 Global Flora 1.3.3 Ice Age Forests 1.4 Vegetation and Dust Generation During the LGM 1.4.1 Introduction: Effect of Low CO2 on Plants 1.4.2 C3 and C4 Flora Differences 1.4.3 Effects of Low CO2 on Tree Lines 1.4.4 Source of the LGM Dust 2 Variability of the Earth’s Climate 2.1 Factors that Influence Global Climate 2.2 Stable Extremes of the Earth’s Climate 2.3 Ice Ages in the Recent Geological Past 3 Ice Core Methodology 3.1 History of Ice Core Research 3.2 Dating Ice Core Data 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Age Markers 3.2.3 Counting Layers Visually 3.2.4 Layers Determined by Measurement 3.2.5 Ice Flow Modeling 3.2.6 Other Dating Methods 3.2.7 Synchronization of Dating of Ice Cores from Greenland and Antarctica 3.2.8 GISP2 Experience 3.2.9 Tuning 3.2.10 Flimsy Logic 3.3 Processing Ice Core Data 3.3.1 Temperature Estimates from Ice Cores 3.3.2 Temperature Estimates from Borehole Models 3.3.3 Climate Variations 3.3.4 Trapped Gases 4 Ice Core Data 4.1 Greenland Ice Core Historical Temperatures 4.2 Antarctica Ice Core Historical Temperatures 4.2.1 Vostok and EPICA Data 4.2.2 Homogeneity of Antarctic Ice Cores 4.3 North-South Synchrony 4.3.1 Direct Comparison of Greenland and Antarctica Ice Core Records 4.3.2 Sudden Changes 4.3.3 Interpretation of Sudden Change in Terms of Ocean Circulation 4.3.4 Seasonal Variability of Precipitation 4.4 Data from High-Elevation Ice Cores 4.5 Carbon Dioxide 4.5.1 Measurements 4.5.2 Explanations 4.6 Dust in Ice Cores 5 Ocean Sediment Data 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chronology 5.3 Universality of Ocean Sediment Data 5.4 Summary of Ocean Sediment Ice Volume Data 5.5 Comparison of Ocean Sediment Data with Polar Ice Core Data 5.6 Historical Sea Surface Temperatures 5.7 Ice-Rafted Debris 6 Other Data Sources 6.1 Devil’s Hole 6.1.1 Devil’s Hole Data 6.1.2 Comparison of Devil’s Hole Data with Ocean Sediment Data 6.1.3 Devil’s Hole: Global or Regional Data? 6.1.4 Comparison of Devil’s Hole Data with Vostok Data 6.1.5 The Continuing Controversy 6.2 Speleothems in Caves 6.3 Magnetism in Rocks and Loess 6.3.1 Magnetism in Loess 6.3.2 Rock Magnetism in Lake Sediments 6.4 Pollen Records 6.5 Physical Indicators 6.5.1 Ice Sheet Moraines 6.5.2 Coral Terraces 6.5.3 Mountain Glaciers 6.6 Red Sea Sediments 7 Overview of the Various Models for Ice Ages 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Variability of the Sun 7.3 Astronomical Theory 7.4 Volcanism 7.5 Greenhouse Gases 7.6 Role of the Oceans 7.6.1 Glacial-Interglacial Cycles: The Consensus View 7.6.2 Sudden Climate Change - The Consensus View 7.6.3 Wunsch’s Objections 7.7 Models Based on Clouds 7.7.1 Extraterrestrial Dust Accretion 7.7.2 Clouds Induced by Cosmic Rays 7.7.3 Ocean–Atmosphere Model 7.8 Models Based on the Southern Hemisphere 8 Variability of the Earth’s Orbit: Astronomical Theory 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Variability of the Earth’s Orbit 8.2.1 Variability Within the Orbital Plane 8.2.2 Variability of the Orbital Plane 8.3 Calculation of Solar Intensities 8.4 Importance of Each Orbital Parameter 8.5 Historical Solar Irradiance at Higher Latitudes 8.6 Connection Between Solar Variability and Glaciation/Deglaciation Cycles According to Astronomical Theory 8.6.1 Models for Ice Volume 8.6.2 Review of the Imbries’ Model 8.6.3 Memory Model 8.6.4 Modification of Paillard Model 8.7 Models Based on Eccentricity or Obliquity 8.7.1 A Model Based on Eccentricity 8.7.2 The Middle-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) 9 Comparison of Astronomical Theory with Data 9.1 Ice Volume Versus Solar Input 9.2 Spectral Analysis 9.2.1 Introduction 9.2.2 Spectral Analysis of Solar and Paleoclimate Data 10 Interglacials 11 Terminations of Ice Ages 11.1 Abstract 11.2 Background 11.3 Terminations 11.4 North or South (or Both)? 11.5 Models Based on CO 2 and the Southern Hemisphere 11.6 Climate Models for Terminations of Ice Ages 11.7 Model Based on Solar Amplitudes 11.8 Dust as the Driver for Terminations 11.8.1 Introduction 11.8.2 Antarctic Dust Data 11.8.3 Correlation of Ice Core Dust Data with Terminations 11.8.4 Dust Levels on the Ice Sheets 11.8.5 Optical Properties of Surface Deposited Dust 11.8.6 Source of the Dust 11.8.7 Ice Sheet Margins 11.9 Model Based on Solar Thresholds 11.10 The Milankovitch Model Versus the Most Likely Model 11.10.1 Criteria for a Theory 11.10.2 The “Milankovitch” Model 11.10.3 The Most Likely Model 11.10.4 Unanswered Questions 12 Status of Our Understanding References Index

Note: Contents Introduction 1 An Introduction to the Research on Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Covadonga Orejas and Carlos Jiménez Part I Past 2 Paleoecology of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Marco Taviani, Agostina Vertino, Lorenzo Angeletti, Paolo Montagna, and Alessandro Remia 3 Cold-Water Corals in the Mediterranean: A History of Discovery / Julian Evans, Leyla Knittweis, Joseph A. Borg, and Patrick J. Schembri 4 A Turbulent Story: Mediterranean Contourites and Cold-Water Corals / Michele Rebesco and Marco Taviani 5 Messinian Salinity Crisis: What Happened to Cold-Water Corals? / André Freiwald 6 Did Quaternary Climate Fluctuations Affect Mediterranean Deep-Sea Coral Communities? / Agostina Vertino and Cesare Corselli 7 A Deglacial Cold-Water Coral Boom in the Alborán Sea: From Coral Mounds and Species Dominance / Claudia Wienberg 8 Highly Variable Submarine Landscapes in the Alborán Sea Created by Cold-Water Corals / Dierk Hebbeln 9 Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Agostina Vertino, Marco Taviani, and Cesare Corselli 10 Bathyal Corals Within the Aegean Sea and the Adjacent Hellenic Trench / Jürgen Titschack 11 Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals as Paleoclimate Archives / Paolo Montagna and Marco Taviani 12 Tomography of Cold-Water Corals-Bearing Cores / Lorenzo Angeletti, Matteo Bettuzzi, and Maria Pia Morigi 13 Changing Views About Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Marco Taviani Part II Present 14 Taxonomy, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mediterranean Deep-Sea Corals and Cold-Water Corals / Alvaro Altuna and Angelo Poliseno 15 Habitat Mapping of Cold-Water Corals in the Mediterranean Sea / Claudio Lo Iacono, Alessandra Savini, Veerle A. I. Huvenne, and Eulàlia Gràcia 16 Cold-Water Coral Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean Sea: Methodologies and Perspectives / Lorenzo Angeletti, Annaëlle Bargain, Elisabetta Campiani, Federica Foglini, Valentina Grande, Elisa Leidi, Alessandra Mercorella, Mariacristina Prampolini, and Marco Taviani 17 Working with Visual Methods, Comparison Among the French Deep-Sea Canyons / Maïa Fourt, Adrien Goujard, and Pierre Chevaldonné 18 Review of the Circulation and Characteristics of Intermediate Water Masses of the Mediterranean: Implications for Cold-Water Coral Habitats / Daniel R. Hayes, Katrin Schroeder, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Pierre Testor, Laurent Mortier, Anthony Bosse, and Xavier du Madron 19 Occurrence and Biogeography of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Giovanni Chimienti, Marzia Bo, Marco Taviani, and Francesco Mastrototaro 20 Gorgonian and Black Coral Assemblages in Deep Coastal Bottoms and Continental Shelves of the Mediterranean Sea / Andrea Gori, Jordi Grinyó, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Stefano Ambroso, Pablo J. López-González, Josep-Maria Gili, Giorgio Bavestrello, and Marzia Bo 21 Mediterranean Black Coral Communities / Marzia Bo and Giorgio Bavestrello 22 Recent Discoveries of Extensive Cold-Water Coral Assemblages in Maltese Waters / Leyla Knittweis, Julian Evans, Ricardo Aguilar, Helena Álvarez, Joseph A. Borg, Silvia García, and Patrick J. Schembri 23 Corals of Aphrodite: Dendrophyllia ramea Populations of Cyprus / Covadonga Orejas, Carlos Jiménez, Andrea Gori, Jesús Rivera, Claudio Lo Iacono, Didier Aurelle, Louis Hadjioannou, Antonis Petrou, and Katerina Achilleos 24 Cold-Water Corals in Fluid Venting Submarine Structures / Desirée Palomino, José Luis Rueda, Juan Tomás Vázquez, Javier Urra, Olga Sánchez-Guillamón, Emilio González-García, Nieves López-González, and Luis Miguel Fernández-Salas 25 Cold-Water Corals and Mud Volcanoes: Life on a Dynamic Substrate / Andres Rüggeberg and Anneleen Foubert 26 Occurrence of Living Cold-Water Corals at Large Depths Within Submarine Canyons of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea / Anna Aymà, Jacopo Aguzzi, Miquel Canals, Joan Batista Company, Galderic Lastras, Ariadna Mecho, and Claudio Lo Iacono 27 Submarine Canyons in the Mediterranean: A Shelter for Cold-Water Corals / Pere Puig and Josep-Maria Gili 28 A Cold-Water Coral Habitat in La Fonera Submarine Canyon, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea / Galderic Lastras, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, and Miquel Canals 29 Cold-Water Coral Associated Fauna in the Mediterranean Sea and Adjacent Areas / José L. Rueda, Javier Urra, Ricardo Aguilar, Lorenzo Angeletti, Marzia Bo, Cristina García-Ruiz, Manuel M. González-Duarte, Eduardo López, Teresa Madurell, Manuel Maldonado, Ángel Mateo-Ramírez, César Megina, Juan Moreira, Francina Moya, Lais V. Ramalho, Antonietta Rosso, Cèlia Sitjà, and Marco Taviani 30 Cold-Water Corals as Shelter, Feeding and Life-History Critical Habitats for Fish Species: Ecological Interactions and Fishing Impact / Gianfranco D’Onghia 31 Past, Present and Future Connectivity of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Patterns, Drivers and Fate in a Technically and Environmentally Changing World / Joana Boavida, Ronan Becheler, Anna Maria Addamo, Florent Sylvestre, and Sophie Arnaud-Haond 32 Desmophyllum dianthus Genetics and More / Anna Maria Addamo 33 Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Cold Water Corals Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata / Markus G. Weinbauer, Davide Oregioni, Anne Großkurth, Marie-Emanuelle Kerros, Tilmann Harder, Michael DuBow, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Cornelia Maier 34 Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata: An Archaea Riddle? / Markus G. Weinbauer, Davide Oregioni, and Cornelia Maier 35 Biology and Ecophysiology of Mediterranean Cold–Water Corals / Stéphanie Reynaud and Christine Ferrier-Pagès 36 Growth Patterns of Mediterranean Calcifying Cold-Water Corals / Franck Lartaud, Vincent Mouchi, Leïla Chapron, Anne-Leïla Meistertzheim, and Nadine Le Bris 37 Demography and Conservation of Deep Corals: The Study of Population Structure and Dynamics / Lorenzo Bramanti, Giovanni Santangelo, Maria Carla Benedetti, Mimmo Iannelli, and Katell Guizien 38 Cold-Water Coral in Aquaria: Advances and Challenges. A Focus on the Mediterranean / Covadonga Orejas, Marco Taviani, Stefano Ambroso, Vasilis Andreou, Meri Bilan, Marzia Bo, Sandra Brooke, Paal Buhl-Mortensen, Erik Cordes, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Christine Ferrier-Pagès, Antonio Godinho, Andrea Gori, Jordi Grinyó, Cristina Gutiérrez-Zárate, Sebastian Hennige, Carlos Jiménez, Ann I. Larsson, Franck Lartaud, Jay Lunden, Cornelia Maier, Sandra R. Maier, Juancho Movilla, Fiona Murray, Erwan Peru, Autun Purser, Maria Rakka, Stéphanie Reynaud, J. Murray Roberts, Pedro Siles, Susanna M. Strömberg, Laurenz Thomsen, Dick van Oevelen, Alfredo Veiga, and Marina Carreiro-Silva 39 Approaching Cold-Water Corals to the Society: Novel Ways to Transfer Knowledge / Sergio Rossi and Covadonga Orejas Part III Future 40 Perspectives of Biophysical Modelling with Implications on Biological Connectivity of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals / Matthew W. Johnston and Ann I. Larsson 41 The Interface Between Tectonic Evolution and Cold-Water Coral Dynamics in the Mediterranean / Rinus Wortel and Paul Meijer 42 The Mediterranean Is Getting Saltier: From the Past to the Future / Nikolaos Skliris 43 The Spread of Non-indigenous Species in the Mediterranean – A Threat to Cold-Water Corals? / Bella S. Galil 44 Fate of Mediterranean Scleractinian Cold-Water Corals as a Result of Global Climate Change. A Synthesis / Cornelia Maier, Markus G. Weinbauer, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso 45 A Case Study: Variability in the Calcification Response of Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals to Ocean Acidification / Juancho Movilla 46 Conservation of Cold-Water Corals in the Mediterranean: Current Status and Future Prospects for Improvement / Maria del Mar Otero and Pilar Marin Species Index Subject Index

Note: IntroductionSingle-particle motions -- Plasmas as fluids -- Waves in plasmas -- Diffusion and resistivity -- Equilibrium and stability -- Kinetic theory -- Nonlinear effects -- Special plasmas -- Plasma applications..

Note: Chapter 1. Introduction: An Overview of Crisis Communication -- Part I. The Role of Communication in Fostering Resilience or Fomenting Resistance -- Chapter 2. Revisiting Crisis Communication and Integrating Social Media -- Chapter 3. Polluted Discourse:  Communication and Myths in a Climate of Denial -- Chapter 4. Public Perceptions of Global Warming: Understanding Survey Differences -- Chapter 5. Building Interfaces that Work: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation -- Part II. Before Disaster: Prediction, Preparation and Crisis Communication -- Chapter 6. Fostering Resilience in the Face of an Uncertain Future: Using Scenarios Planning to Communicate Climate Change Risks and Collaboratively Develop Adaptation Strategies -- Chapter 7. Barriers to Using Climate Information: Challenges in Communicating Probabilistic Forecasts to Decision Makers -- Chapter 8. Modeling Climate-Sensitive Disease Risk: A Decision Support Tool for Public Health Services -- Chapter 9. Shallow Landslide Hazard Mapping for Davao Oriental, Philippines Using a Deterministic GIS Model -- Part III. Mitigating Circumstances: Communicating Through Change, Uncertainty, Disaster and Recovery -- Chapter 10. Comparative Analysis of Virtual Relief Networks and Communication Channels During Disaster Recovery After a Major Flood in Galena, Alaska, Spring 2013 -- Chapter 11. Development of the Stakeholders’ Engagement Plan as a Mining Social Responsibility Practice -- Chapter 12. Controlling Environmental Crisis Messages in Uncontrollable Media Environments: The 2011 Case of Blue-Green Algae on Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, OK -- Chapter 13. Characteristics of Extreme Monsoon Floods and Local Land Use in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia -- Chapter 14. The Value of Earth Observations: Methods and Findings on the Value of Landsat  Imagery -- Part IV. Learning Forward: Advancing Climate Change Science Among Diverse Audiences -- Chapter 15. Carbon Offsets in California: Science in the Policy Development Process -- Chapter 16. Fostering Educator Resilience: Engaging the Educational Community to Address the Natural Hazards of Climate Change -- Chapter 17. Communicating Uncertainty: A Challenge for Science Communication -- Chapter 18. Science Diplomacy in the Geosciences -- Chapter 19. Stormy Seas, Rising Risks: Assessing Undisclosed Risk from Sea Level Risk and Storm Surge at Coastal U.S. Oil Refineries..

Note: Contents Additives and Chemicals in Plastics / Anthony L. Andrady and Nepali Rajapakse Food Containers and Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food / Evangelia Manoli and Dimitra Voutsa Release of Additives and Monomers from Plastic Wastes / Charita S. Kwan and Hideshige Takada Degradation of Various Plastics in the Environment / Kalliopi N. Fotopoulou and Hrissi K. Karapanagioti Occurrence of Marine Litter in the Marine Environment: A World Panorama of Floating and Seafloor Plastics / Christos Ioakeimidis, François Galgani, and George Papatheodorou Sources, Distribution, and Fate of Microscopic Plastics in Marine Environments / Richard C. Thompson Nature of Plastic Marine Pollution in the Subtropical Gyres / Marcus Eriksen, Martin Thiel, and Laurent Lebreton Hazardous Chemicals in Plastics in Marine Environments: International Pellet Watch / Rei Yamashita, Kosuke Tanaka, Bee Geok Yeo, Hideshige Takada, Jan A. van Franeker, Megan Dalton, and Eric Dale Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds to Plastics in the Marine Environment: Equilibrium / Satoshi Endo and Albert A. Koelmans Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds to Plastics in the Marine Environment: Sorption and Desorption Kinetics / Hrissi K. Karapanagioti and David Werner Biofilms on Plastic Debris and Their Influence on Marine Nutrient Cycling, Productivity, and Hazardous Chemical Mobility / Tracy J. Mincer, Erik R. Zettler, and Linda A. Amaral-Zettler Ingestion of Plastics by Marine Organisms / Peter G. Ryan Transfer of Hazardous Chemicals from Ingested Plastics to Higher-Trophic-Level Organisms / Kosuke Tanaka, Rei Yamashita, and Hideshige Takada The Role of Plastic Debris as Another Source of Hazardous Chemicals in Lower-Trophic Level Organisms / Chelsea M. Rochman Conclusions of “Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in Environment” / Hrissi K. Karapanagioti and Hideshige Takada Erratum to: Food Containers and Packaging Materials as Possible Source of Hazardous Chemicals to Food / Evangelia Manoli and Dimitra Voutsa Index

Note: Contents Consistency and Uncertainty Analyses of Sediment Transport Monitoring in the Transboundary River: Case Study of Western Dvina (Russian Federation, Belarus and Latvia) / S. R. Chalov Global Change Impact on Ephemeral Streams Sediment Load in the Raya Graben, Northern Ethiopia / P. Billi, B. Demissie, J. Nyssen, A. Frankl, and M. Haile Longitudinal and Cross Profiles as Indicators of Morphodynamics of Small Drainage Basins (Case Study European Russia) / V. P. Bondarev Change of Erosive Activity in the Context of Change of the Climate / S. V. Budnik Numerical Modeling of Channel Deformation Taking into Account Sediment Fractions Distribution / A. I. Aleksyuk, V. V. Belikov, N. M. Borisova, and T. A. Fedorova Drivers of Sedimentary Fluxes Assessment in Alpine Catchments / V. O. Bazilova, S. R. Chalov, and A. S. Tsyplenkov Peculiarities of Ice Nucleation on Particles in Atmosphere and Soil / D. M. Frolov The Extreme Rainfall Characteristics and Terrace Greenhouse Erosion Control in Climate Change and Human Impact in Hilly and Gully Region of the Loess Plateau in China / J. E. Gao, Y. X. Zhang, X. H. Li, H. J. Li, Z. Gao, and M. J. Ji Integration of Landforms, Deposits and Paleosols Analysis for Reconstructing Holocene Debris Flow Activity in the Low Mountains of Kola Peninsula / E. V. Garankina, V. R. Belyaev, Y. R. Belyaev, A. L. Gurinov, M. M. Ivanov, N. V. Kuzmenkova, F. A. Romanenko, A. I. Rudinskaya, and E. D. Tulyakov Trees as Large-Scale Natural Phononic Crystals / Jian-Kun Huang, Yi-Fan Liu, and Ya-Guang Li Climate Change and Sediment Yield in Kamchatka, Far East of Russia / L. V. Kuksina Selenga River Runoff Projections in the XXI Century: ECOMAG-Based Simulation Results / T. D. Millionshchikova Postglacial Incision-Widening-Infill Cycles at the Borisoglebsk Upland: Correlations Between Interfluve Headwaters and Fluvial Network / Y. V. Shishkina, E. V. Garankina, V. R. Belyaev, P. V. Andreev, A. I. Bondar, V. I. Potapova, T. A. Verlova, and ILYA G. Shorkunov Geomorphometric and Geoinformation Approach to Meliorative Evaluation of the Territory / A. R. Suleymanov The Innovation Technology Based on Molecular Phylogeny of Bacillariophyceae for Water Quality Monitoring / A. E. Sverdrup and L. L. Frolova Water Balance Assessment Using Swat Model. Case Study on Russian Subcatchment of Western Dvina River / P. N. Terskii, A. A. Kuleshov, and S. R. Chalov Numerical Modeling of Channel Processes and Hydraulic Engineering Impact on the River Amur / E. Fingert, I. Krylenko, V. Belikov, P. Golovlyov, M. Samokhin, S. Borovkov, and A. Zavadskii Channel Processes Dynamics at Wet Subtropical Climate of Russian Black Sea Coast / Y. Kuznetsova, V. Golosov, and N. Ivanova Intra-storm Variability of Coefficient of Variation of Runoff and Soil Loss in Consecutive Storms at Experimental Plot Scale / M. Kiani-Harchegani, S. H. R. Sadeghi, and A. Ghahramani Study of Channel Changes in the Lena River Near Yakutsk Based on Long-Term Data, Satellite Images and Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model / E. D. Kornilova, E. A. Morozova, I. N. Krylenko, E. A. Fingert, P. P. Golovlyov, A. S. Zavadsky, and V. V. Belikov A Probabilistic Approach to Interpret Long-Term Observations of Sediment Yield in Experimental Catchments in Southern Italy / P. Porto and G. Callegari Extreme Erosion Events and Climate Change / E. V. Promakhova, L. V. Kuksina, and V. N. Golosov The Emission of Carbon Dioxide from Soils Washed-Out and Buried by Accelerated Erosion in the Chernozem Belt of the European Russia / A. Sidorchuk Gully Erosion and Thermo-erosion Modelling for the Conditions of the Modern and the Late-Glacial Periglacial Climate / A. Sidorchuk

Note: Contents Part I Biomaterials 1 Biomaterials and Biological Materials 1.1 Definitions and History: Biomaterial and Biological Material 1.2 Classification of Biomaterials 1.3 Conclusions References Part II Biomineralization and Biominerals 2 Biominerals 2.1 Biominerals of Marine Invertebrates Origin 2.1.1 Calcium-Based Biominerals 2.1.2 Magnesium-Based Biominerals 2.1.3 Barite-Based Biominerals 2.1.4 Fe-Based Biominerals 2.1.5 Vanadium (Biomineral?) 2.1.6 Strontium-Based Biominerals 2.1.7 Boron 2.1.8 Titanium-Based Biominerals 2.1.9 Copper-Based Biominerals 2.1.10 Zinc-Based Biominerals 2.1.11 Manganese Oxides 2.1.12 Germanium-Based Biominerals 2.1.13 Silica-Based Biominerals 2.2 Conclusion References 3 Biomineralization 3.1 Conclusion References 4 The Circle: Biomineralization - Demineralization - Remineralization in Nature 4.1 Principles of Demineralization: Isolation of Organic Matter 4.2 Conclusion References Part III Biocomposites and Biomineralized Structures 5 Hierarchical Biological Materials 5.1 Cellular Structures 5.2 Honeycomb Matrices 5.3 Siliceous Honeycombs in Diatoms 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Paleodyction- Enigmatic Honeycomb Structure 6.1 Conclusion References 7 Sponge Biosilica- Perfectionism in Glass 7.1 Glass Sponges (Hexactinellida) 7.2 Demosponges (Demospongiae) 7.3 Lithistid Sponges 7.4 Cellular Structures in Glass Sponges 7.5 Spiculogenesis 7.5.1 Chitin- and Collagen-Based Silicification Versus Silicatein- Based Way 7.6 Conclusion References 8 Interspace Mineralization Within Bilayered Organic Matrix of Deep-Sea Bamboo Coral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea: Isididae) 8.1 Conclusion References 9 Living Bone Implants of Bamboo Corals Origin 9.1 Conclusion References 10 Spicular Structures in Molluscs 10.1 Spicules of Nudibranchia 10.2 Spicules in Aplacophora 10.3 Spicules in Polyplacophora (Chitons) 10.4 Onchidiella Spicules 10.5 Conclusion References Part IV Non-mineralized Structures 11 Enigmatic Structural Protein Spongin 11.1 Spongin as a Halogenated Scleroprotein 11.2 Spongin as a Collagenous Protein 11.2.1 The Basal Spongin 11.3 Role of Spongins in Natural Environments 11.4 Mechanical Properties of Spongin-Based Skeletons 11.5 Spongin as a Three Dimensional Scaffold for Tissue Engineering 11.6 Conclusion References 12 Gorgonin 12.1 Introduction into the History and Chemistry of Gorgonin 12.2 Mechanical Properties of Gorgonin-Based Skeletons 12.3 Gorgonin-Based Skeletons and Paleooceanographic Dynamics 12.4 Conclusion References 13 Antipathin 13.1 Brief Introduction in to Antipatharia 13.2 Chemistry of Black Corals 13.3 Material Properties of Antipathin-Based Skeletons 13.4 Conclusion References 14 Rubber-Like Bioelastomers of Marine Origin 14.1 Hinge Ligament 14.2 Chemistry of the Hinge Ligament 14.3 Structural Features of Hinge Ligaments 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Capsular Bioelastomers of Whelks 15.1 Conclusion References 16 Byssus: From Inspiration to Development of Novel Composites 16.1 Byssus: An Ancient Marine Biological Material 16.2 Why Molluscs Produce Different Kinds of Byssus 16.3 Chemistry of Byssus and Related Proteins 16.3.1 (mefp-2) Mytilus Edulis Adhesive Protein-2 16.3.2 (mefp-3) Mytilus edulis Adhesive Protein-3 16.3.3 (mefp-4) Mytilus Edulis Adhesive Protein-4 16.3.4 (mefp-5) Mytilus edulis Adhesive Protein-5 16.4 Biomechanics and Materials Properties of Byssus 16.5 Conclusion References 17 Abductin 17.1 Conclusion References 18 Resilin 18.1 Conclusion References 19 Adhesion Systems in Echinodermata 19.1 Sea Urchins 19.2 Sea Cucumbers 19.3 Sea Stars 19.4 Conclusion References 20 Adhesive Gels of Marine Gastropods (Mollusca) Origin 20.1 Conclusion References 21 Biocements 21.1 Barnacles: Crustaceans That Mimic Molluscs 21.2 “First-Kiss” Adhesion Behaviour in Barnacles 21.3 Barnacles Cements 21.4 Conclusion References 22 Halogenated Biocomposites 22.1 Polychaetes Jaws 22.2 Crustaceans Alternative Cuticles 22.3 Conclusion References 23 Chitin-Protein-Based Composites 23.1 The Highly Flexible Setae of Hairy Lobster Kiwa hirsuta 23.2 Shinkaia Crosnieri 23.3 Structural Features of Eriocheir sinensis Setae 23.4 Conclusion References Part V Macromolecular Biopolymers 24 Chitin 24.1 Chitinous Scaffolds of Marine Sponges Origin 24.2 Biological Features of Chitin 24.3 Chitin Scaffolds for Application in Tissue Engineering 24.4 Conclusion References 25 Collagens from Marine Invertebrates 25.1 Poriferan Collagens 25.2 Coelenterates Collagens 25.3 Molluscs Collagens 25.4 Echinoderm Collagens 25.5 Conclusion References Part VI From Extreme Biomineralization to Extreme Biomimetics 26 Extreme Biomimetics 26.1 Templates for Extreme Biomimetics 26.2 Conclusion References 27 Epiloque 27.1 Biomedicine and Bioengineering 27.2 Marine Biomaterials and Microplastic References Index

Note: Contents Part I Keynote Fifty Years of Paleoceanography: Major Achievements in Our Understanding of Past and Future Climate Change - Some Memories and Hearsay / Michael Sarnthein Part II Paleoceanographic Evolution Orbital-Scale Paleoceanographic Response to the Indian Monsoon in the Laxmi Basin of the Eastern Arabian Sea / Boo-Keun Khim, Ji-Eun Kim, Keiji Horikawa, Minoru Ikehara, Yoshihiro Asahara, and Jongmin Lee The 4.2 ka Event in the Euro-Mediterranean Region - A Study from the MISTRALS/PALEOMEX Program / Bassem Jalali and Marie-Alexandrine Sicre Record of Early Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events in Adriatic Platform, Croatia / Antun Husinec and J. Fred Read Sedimentological and Geochemical Records of Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Successions Around Trabzon (NE Turkey): Implications for Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Paleoclimatological Conditions of Tethys / Merve Özyurt, M. Ziya Kirmaci, İ. Ömer Yılmaz, and Raif Kandemir Part III Paleoclimate Evolution Paleoclimate Evolution of the Kordofan Region (Sudan), During the Last 13 ka / Ahmed Dawelbeit, Etienne Jaillard, and Ali Eisawi Use of Paleoclimate Rainfall Data to Detect Mega Drought Signals / Joo-Heon Lee, Chanyang Sur, and Seo-Yeon Park Paleoclimatology Evidence of Eocene from Jaddala Formation in Northwestern Iraq / Alaa Al-Zubaidi and Omar Al-Badrani Holocene Paleoclimatic Variation Inferred from Study of Sediments in the Gulf of Tunis (North Africa) / Nizar Ouertani and Soumaya Yahyaoui Noble Gas Recharge Temperature of Sfax Deep Groundwater (Southeastern of Tunisia) / Rim Trabelsi, Mahdi Trabelsi, Kamel Zouari, and Takuya Matsumoto Time Analysis of Emberger’s Pluviothermic Q Index in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula / Leoncio García-Barrón, Julia Morales, and Arturo Sousa Systematic and Palaeoclimatic Investigations of Sivalhippus from the Late Miocene Siwaliks (Pakistan) / Muhammad tahir Waseem, Abdul majid Khan, Rana Mansoor Ahmad, Ayesha Iqbal, and Muhammad Ameen The Thar Desert Calcretes: A Proxy for Understanding Late Quaternary Paleoclimate Shifts / Hema Achyuthan Part IV Paleoenvironmental Evolution Using Environmental Isotopes and Krypton-81 to Characterize and Date Continental Intercalaire Paleogroundwater (Southern Tunisia) / Kamel Zouari, Takuya Matsumoto, Rim Trabelsi, and Pradeep Aggarwal Water Column Chemistry of Late Holocene Lake Bafa, Eastern Coast of the Aegean Sea (Turkey) / Özlem Bulkan, Ummuhan Sancar, Wei Wei, Xiaomin Zhu, and M. Namık Çağatay New Reports of Messinian Lago-Mare Episodes from Tunisia: Ostracods and Paleoenvironmental Implications / Rim Temani, Hayet Khayati Ammar, and Francesco Sciuto Geochemical Evidences of Paleoenvironmental Changes in Late Quaternary Lacustrine Sediments of the Konya Closed Basin (Konya, Turkey) / Hükmü Orhan, Arif Delikan, Ahmet Demir, Sevinç Kapan, Kemal Olgun, Ayhan Özmen, Ülkü Sayin, Gamze Ekici, Hülya Aydin, and Atike Nazik Reconstruction of Holocene Paleoenvironmental Changes Along Northern Coast of Sfax: Analysis of Foraminiferal Associations / Afef Khadraoui, Jérôme Bonnin, Chahira Zaïbi, and Fekri Kamoun Evolution of Korba Lagoon (Cap Bon, Tunisia) During the Last Millennia Based on the Analysis of Foraminiferal Assemblages / Asma Ben Hamad, Chahira Zaïbi, Martin R. Langer, and Fekri Kamoun Paleoenvironment Evolution of a Paralic System, El Guettiate and Dreïaa Sebkhas (Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia) / Zeineb Gargouri and Kamel Zouari Part V Spatio-temporal Patterns of Climate Change Testing for Collective Statistical Significance in Climate Change Detection Studies / Radan Huth and Martin Dubrovský Long-Term Variability of Gauged Precipitation Over California and Its Links to Circulation Patterns / Luciano Rodriguez, Cyril Rakovski, Mohamed Allali, and Hesham El-Askary Sensitivity of IDF Curves to Rainfall Gauge Type / A. S. Al-Wagdany Structural Characteristics of Precipitation in Jordan / Fayez A. Abdulla and Abdulelah Al-Qadami The Shift of the Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Its Impacts on Western Mediterranean / Mohammed-Said Karrouk Recent Rainfall Variability in the South-West Mediterranean Region and Links with Teleconnection Patterns / Sabrina Taibi, Imane Messelmi, Mohamed Meddi, and Mohamed Amine Feddal Regionalization of Precipitation in Jordan / Abdulelah Al-Qadami and Fayez A. Abdulla Correlation Between NAO and Radio Refractive Index Over Africa / Joseph Dada, Adekunle Titus Adediji, Kayode Adedayo, and Moses Ajewole Convective Cloud Climatology Over Indian Tropics and Nearby Regions Using Multi-spectral Satellite Observations / Anoop Kumar Mishra, Mohammd Rafiq, Sagarika Chandra, and Nagaiyavedu Adalarasu Sivarajan Analysis of Trend and Variability in Time Series of Extreme Daily Temperature of Abu Dhabi City (UAE) / Nishi Bhuvandas Black Carbon Aerosol Characteristics and Its Radiative Effect in Xuzhou City, China / Mengdie Xie and Wei Chen Part VI Sea Level Variability: Past, Present and Future On the Long-Term Mediterranean Sea Level Variability / Mahdi Haddad and Antonio Bonaduce Impacts of Relative Sea Level Change and Sedimentary Dynamic on an Historic Site Expansion Along the Coast Between Sfax and Jebeniena, Tunisia / Mohamed Kamoun, Afef Khadraoui, Asma Ben Hamad, Chahira Zaïbi, Martin R. Langer, Nejib Bahrouni, Mohamed Ben Youssef, and Fekri Kamoun Sedimentary Dynamic and Sea Level Variation Along Hachichina Coast (Sebkha Ras Younga, Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia) During Holocene: Response of Ostracods and Foraminifera Assemblages / Khaoula Ben Khlifa, Chahira Zaïbi, Jérome Bonnin, and Fekri Kamoun New Experimental Low Cost Technique of Sea-Level Monitoring: Toward a Sea-Level Monitoring for All / Yacine Hemdane, Mohamed Bouhmadouche, Bachir Hamadache, and Mohamed Aounallah Part VII Climate Change Impacts and Migration Schemes Economic Impact of Sand and Dust Storms on the Oil Sector in Kuwait / Ali Al-Hemoud and Safaa Al-Awadhi Spatial and Temporal Variations of Bare Land in Beijing, China: A 30-Year Analysis / Yating Chen and Aobo Liu Appraising Climate Change and Its Influence on Glaciers of South Asian Himalayan Region / Sheikh Saeed Ahmad, Javeria Saleem, and Marria Ghalib World Population: Its Connection with Climate Variations / Alexey V. Byalko Groundwater Resources Sustainability in Africa Under a Climate Change Scenario: Knowledge Gaps and Needs / Ahzegbobor P. Aizebeokhai, Kehinde D. Oyeyemi, and Adebola E. Adeniran Adaptation Strategies and Resilience to Climate Change for Warm, Dry-Summer Continental Climate in Iran / Gholamreza Roshan, José A. Orosa, Ángel M. Costa, and Rebeca Bouzón Building Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in a Small Region with a Warm and Semi-humid Climate Type (Iran) / Gholamreza Roshan, José A. Orosa, Ángel M. Costa, and Rebeca Bouzón Climate-Driven Migration Assessment of Southwestern Coast of Bangladesh / Iftekharul Anam Saikat, Nabila Nawshin, and M. Tauhid Ur Rahman

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Chapter Summary. - 1.2 The Meaning of the Book’s Title. - 1.3 Historical Background. - 1.4 How to Read This Book. - 1.5 Further Reading. - References. - PART 1 BASIC THEORETICAL CONCEPTS. - 2 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems. - 2.1 Chapter Summary. - 2.2 Basic Definitions and Concepts. - 2.3 Discrete-Time Signals: Sequences. - 2.3.1 Basic Sequence Operations. - 2.3.2 Basic Sequences. - 2.3.3 Deterministic and Random Signals. - 2.4 Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems. - 2.4.1 Impulse Response of an LTI System and Linear Convolution. - 2.4.2 An Example of Linear Convolution. - 2.4.3 Interconnections of LTI Systems. - 2.4.4 Effects of Stability and Causality Constraints on the Impulse Response of an LTI System. - 2.4.5 Finite (FIR) and Infinite (IIR) Impulse Response Systems. - 2.4.6 Linear Constant-Coefficient Difference Equation (LCCDE). - 2.4.7 Examples of LCCDE. - 2.4.8 The Solutions of an LCCDE. - 2.4.9 From the LCCDE to the Impulse Response: Examples. - 2.4.10 Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of LTI Systems. - References. - 3 Transforms of Discrete-Time Signals. - 3.1 Chapter Summary. - 3.2 z-Transform. - 3.2.1 Examples of z-Transforms and Special Cases. - 3.2.2 Rational z-Transforms. - 3.2.3 Inverse z-Transform. - 3.2.4 The z-Transform on the Unit Circle. - 3.2.5 Selected z-Transform Properties. - 3.2.6 Transfer Function of an LTI System. - 3.2.7 Output Sequence of an LTI System. - 3.2.8 Zeros and Poles: Forms for Rational Transfer Functions. - 3.2.9 Inverse System. - 3.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT). - 3.3.1 An Example of DTFT Converging in the Mean-Square Sense. - 3.3.2 Line Spectra. - 3.3.3 Inverse DTFT. - 3.3.4 Selected DTFT Properties. - 3.3.5 The DTFT of a Finite-Length Causal Sequence. - 3.4 Discrete Fourier Series (DFS). - 3.4.1 Selected DFS Properties. - 3.4.2 Sampling in the Frequency Domain and Aliasing in the Time Domain. - 3.5 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). - 3.5.1 The Inverse DFT in Terms of the Direct DFT. - 3.5.2 Zero Padding. - 3.5.3 Selected DFT Properties. - 3.5.4 Circular Convolution Versus Linear Convolution. - 3.6 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). - 3.7 Discrete Trigonometric Expansion. - 3.8 Appendix: Mathematical Foundations of Signal Representation. - 3.8.1 Vector Spaces. - 3.8.2 Inner Product Spaces. - 3.8.3 Bases in Vector Spaces. - 3.8.4 Signal Representation by Orthogonal Bases. - 3.8.5 Signal Representation by Standard Bases. - 3.8.6 Frames and Biorthogonal Bases. - 3.8.7 Summary and Complements. - References. - 4 Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals. - 4.1 Chapter Summary. - 4.2 Sampling Theorem. - 4.3 Reconstruction of a Continuous-Time Signal from Its Samples. - 4.4 Aliasing in the Frequency Domain and Anti-Aliasing Filter. - 4.5 The Uncertainty Principle for the Analog Fourier Transform. - 4.6 Support of a Continuous-Time Signal in the Time and Frequency Domains. - 4.7 Appendix: Analog and Digital Frequency Variables. - References. - 5 Spectral Analysis of Deterministic Discrete-Time Signals. - 5.1 Chapter Summary. - 5.2 Issues in Practical Spectral Analysis. - 5.2.1 The Effect of Windowing. - 5.2.2 The Effect of Spectral Sampling. - 5.3 Classical Windows. - 5.4 The Kaiser Window. - 5.5 Energy and Power Signals and Their Spectral Representations. - 5.6 Correlation of Deterministic Discrete-Time Signals. - 5.6.1 Correlation of Energy Signals. - 5.6.2 Correlation of Power Signals. - 5.6.3 Effect of an LTI System on Correlation Properties of Input and Output Signals. - 5.7 Wiener-Khinchin Theorem. - 5.7.1 Energy Signals and Energy Spectrum. - 5.7.2 Power Signals and Power Spectrum. - References. - PART 2 DIGITAL FILTERS. - 6 Digital Filter Properties and Filtering Implementation. - 6.1 Chapter Summary. - 6.2 Frequency-Selective Filters. - 6.3 Real-Causal-Stable-Rational (RCSR) Filters. - 6.4 Amplitude Response. - 6.5 Phase Response. - 6.5.1 Phase Discontinuities and Zero-Phase Response. - 6.5.2 Linear Phase (LP). - 6.5.3 Generalized Linear Phase (GLP). - 6.5.4 Constraints on GLP Filters. - 6.6 Digital Filtering Implementation. - 6.6.1 Direct Forms. - 6.6.2 Transposed-Direct Forms. - 6.6.3 FIR Direct and Transposed-Direct Forms. - 6.6.4 Direct and Transposed-Direct Forms for LP FIR Filters. - 6.6.5 Cascade and Parallel Forms. - 6.7 Zero-Phase Filtering. - 6.8 An Incorrect Approach to Filtering. - 6.9 Filtering After Downsampling. - 6.9.1 Theory of Downsampling. - 6.9.2 An Example of Filtering After Downsampling. - References. - 7 FIR Filter Design. - 7.1 Chapter Summary. - 7.2 Design Process. - 7.3 Specifications of Digital Filters. - 7.3.1 Constraints on the Magnitude Response. - 7.3.2 Constraints on the Phase Response. - 7.4 Selection of Filter Type: IIR or FIR?. - 7.5 FIR-Filter Design Methods and Approximation Criteria. - 7.6 Properties of GLP FIR Filters. - 7.6.1 Factorization of the Zero-Phase Response. - 7.6.2 Zeros of the Transfer Function. - 7.6.3 Another Form of the Adjustable Term. - 7.7 Equiripple FIR Filter Approximations: Minimax Design. - 7.8 Predicting the Minimum Filter Order. - 7.9 MPR Algorithm. - 7.10 Properties of Equiripple FIR Filters. - 7.11 The Minimax Method for Bandpass Filters. - References. - 8 IIR Filter Design. - 8.1 Chapter Summary. - 8.2 Design Process. - 8.3 Lowpass Analog Filters. - 8.3.1 Laplace Transform. - 8.3.2 Transfer Function and Design Parameters. - 8.4 Butterworth Filters. - 8.5 Chebyshev Filters. - 8.5.1 Chebyshev-I Filters. - 8.5.2 Chebyshev-II Filters. - 8.6 Elliptic Filters. - 8.7 Normalized and Non-normalized Filters. - 8.8 Comparison Among the Four Analog Filter Types. - 8.9 From the Analog Lowpass Filter to the Digital One. - 8.9.1 Bilinear Transformation. - 8.9.2 Design Procedure. - 8.9.3 Examples. - 8.10 Frequency Transformations. - 8.10.1 From a Lowpass to a Highpass Filter. - 8.10.2 From a Lowpass to a Bandpass Filter. - 8.10.3 From a Lowpass to a Bandstop Filter . - 8.11 Direct Design of IIR Filters. - 8.12 Appendix. - 8.12.1 Trigonometric Functions with Complex Argument. - 8.12.2 Elliptic Integrals. - 8.12.3 Jacobi Elliptic Functions. - 8.12.4 Landen-Gauss Transformation. - 8.12.5 Elliptic Rational Function. - References. - PART 3 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS. - 9 Statistical Approach to Signal Analysis. - 9.1 Chapter Summary. - 9.2 Preliminary Considerations. - 9.3 Random Variables. - 9.4 Ensemble Averages. - 9.5 Stationary Random Processes and Signals. - 9.6 Ergodicity. - 9.7 Wiener-Khinchin Theorem for Random Signals and Power Spectrum. - 9.8 Cross-Power Spectrum of Two Random Signals. - 9.9 Effect of an LTI System on a Random Signal. - 9.10 Estimation of the Averages of Ergodic Stationary Signals. - 9.10.1 General Concepts in Estimation Theory. - 9.10.2 Mean and Variance Estimation. - 9.10.3 Autocovariance Estimation. - 9.10.4 Cross-Covariance Estimation. - 9.11 Appendix: A Road Map to the Analysis of a Data Record. - References. - 10 Non-Parametric Spectral Methods. - 10.1 Chapter Summary. - 10.2 Power Spectrum Estimation. - 10.3 Periodogram. - 10.3.1 Bias. - 10.3.2 Variance. - 10.3.3 Examples. - 10.3.4 Variance Reduction by Band- and Ensemble-Averaging. - 10.4 Bartlett’s Method. - 10.5 Modified Periodogram. - 10.6 Welch’s Method. - 10.7 Blackman-Tukey Method. - 10.8 Statistical Significance of Spectral Peaks. - 10.9 MultiTaper Method. - 10.10 Estimation of the Cross-Power Spectrum of Two Random Signals. - 10.11 Use of the FFT in Power Spectrum Estimation. - 10.12 Power Spectrum Normalization. - References. - 11 Parametric Spectral Methods. - 11.1 Chapter Summary. - 11.2 Signals with Rational Spectra . - 11.3 Stochastic Models and Processes. - 11.3.1 Autoregressive-Moving Average (ARMA) Model. - 11.3.2 Autoregressive (AR) Model. - 11.3.3 Moving Average (MA) Model. - 11.3.4 How the AR and MA Modeling Approaches Are Theoretically Related. - 11.3.5 First-Order AR and MA Models: White, Red and Blue Noise. - 11.3.6 Higher-Order AR Models. - 11.4 The AR Approach to Spectral Estimation. - 11.5 AR Modeling and Linear Prediction. - 11.6