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  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/7
    In: CRREL Report, 79-7
    Description / Table of Contents: Sediments beneath the Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were probed at 27 sites using a static cone penetrometer to determine engineering properties and distribution of material types, including ice-bonded sediments. The probe provided both point and casing resistance data and thermal profiles. At five sites these data were correlated with information from adjacent drilled and sampled holes. These control data and the quality of the probe information permitted profiles of sediment type and occurrence of ice-bonded material to be developed along three lines that included various geological features and depositional environments. Material properties were quite variable in the upper 14 m of sediments probed. In general, softer, finer-grained sediments occurred in the upper layers, while penetration refusal was met in stiff gravels to 10 to 12 m below the seabed. Seabed temperatures during the study were all below 0 C. However, because of uncertainties in freezing point values caused by brines, evaluation of the penetration resistance data was required to identify the occurrence of ice-bonded sediments. The coupling of thermal and penetration resistance data revealed that seasonally ice-bonded sediments occurred where the sea ice froze back to or near the seabed. Deeper, perennially frozen sediments also appeared to be present at several probe sites. The penetration data obtained can be used to aid in the design of shallow and deep foundations in both ice-bonded and unfrozen subsea sediments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Equipment Data collection and reduction Data analysis and interpretation Point penetration resistance and material properties Lithologic and temperature profiles Casing penetration resistance Applications Shallow foundations Deep foundations Foundations in permafrost Correlations with laboratory tests Conclusions Selected bibliography Appendix A: Description of penetrometer and test procedures Appendix B: Point resistance and skin friction data
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  • 2
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    In: CRREL Report, 79-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: This report presents data from an experimental program undertaken to develop information on proposed and existing chemical grout solutions to provide engineering properties in connection with grouting of soils in ambient temperatures of 39° ±1°F (3.88°C) and below. Twelve grout solutions were investigated, including organic chemicals, sodium silicates, cements, and clay (bentonite). Set or gel tests were performed on each chemical solution, in the center of which a thermocouple was placed for measuring the rates of heat of reaction, except those of the cements and the clay. These solutions consisted of the mixing portions of the chemicals and were placed into 4-in.-diam by approximately 6-in.-long cylinders at an ambient temperature of 39°F.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-5
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/6
    In: CRREL Report, 79-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Nondestructive repetitive plate bearing (RPB) tests were conducted on various test sections in state highways in Maine during 13-15 April 1976. The RPB test consists of making resilient surface deflection measurements during repetitive loadings at various radii from the load plate. The pavement system stiffness was calculated and the resilient modulus values for the various pavement layers were determined with the Chevron computer program for a layered elastic system. A thawed analysis using nondimensional deflection curves for the various sections provided a guide to the susceptibility of the pavement systems to surface failure and pothole development. Some comparisons between stabilized and nonstabilized aggregate and soil were made with calculated stiffness values. The moduli of the various materials were also compared. The residual surface deflections during testing for several pavement systems indicated a linear logarithmic relationship with number of load applications. A relationship between the modulus of the asphalt cement concrete pavement and pavement temperature was developed for the limited temperature range during the testing.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-6
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures. Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis. Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 4
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/3
    In: CRREL Report, 79-3
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-3
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/4
    In: CRREL Report, 79-4
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENT Abstract Preface Introduction Ice accretion parameters Physics of ice accretion Interaction between water droplets and flow field Time dependence in droplet trajectories Thermodynamic processes at the surface of the object Time dependence in the thermodynamics Time dependence of lesser order Numerical ice accretion model Major subroutines Options for droplet size variations Option for the helicopter rotor case Results Conclusions and future studies Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program
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  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/1
    In: CRREL Report, 79-1
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments were conducted to study the flow of water through columns of homogeneous, repacked snow. The gravity flow theory of water flow through snow was verified, although possibly there is some dependence of the relative permeability on the state of metamorphism of the snow. Also, at very large values of saturation there may be some additional flow in saturated channels.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Symbols Introduction Test procedure Theory Evaluation of the experimental results Example evaluation Results and discussion Literature cited Appendix A. Measured and computed discharge
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  • 7
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/28
    In: CRREL Report, 78-28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: x, 112 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-28
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points
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  • 8
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/27
    In: CRREL Report, 78-27
    Description / Table of Contents: Uniaxial compression and tension tests were conducted on polycrystalline snow-ice to determine the effect of temperature on its strength. Test temperatures ranged from -O.1C to -54C. Two machine speeds, 0.847 mm/s and84.7 mm/s were used for the constant displacement rate tests. The compressive strength at -54C was about oneorder of magnitude higher than at -0.1C. The tensile strength at -18C was about 20% higher than at 0.1C. The initial tangent and 50% strength moduli are given for the compression tests, while the secant modulus to failure is given for the tension tests.The mode of fracture is discussed and the test results are compared with data from other investigations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-27
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/26
    In: CRREL Report, 78-26
    Description / Table of Contents: Ice fog suppression experiments on the Fort Wainwright Power Plant cooling pond were conducted during the winters of 1974-76. Baseline information studies occupied a sizable portion of the available ice fog weather in 1974-75. Then hexadecanol was added to the pond and dramatically improved visibility by reducing fog generated from water vapor released by the pond at -14 C. Although this temperature was not low enough to create ice fog, the cold vapor fog created was equally as devastating to visibility in the vicinity of the pond. During the winter of 1975-76, suppression tests were continued using films of hexadecanol, mixes of hexadecanol and octadecanol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGME). Suppression effectiveness at colder temperatures was stuided and limits to the techniques were probed. A reinforcing grid was constructed that prevented breakup of the film by wind and water currents. Lifetime tests indicated that EGME degrades much more slowly than either hexadecanol or the hexadecanol-octadecanol mix. The films were found to be very effective fog reducers at warmer temperatures but still allowed 20% to 40% of normal evaporation to occur. The vapor thus produced was sufficient to create some ice fog at lower temperatures, but this ice fog occurred less frequently and was more quickly dispersed than the thick fog that was present before application of the films.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data
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  • 10
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/13
    In: CRREL Report, 78-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Field observations of the growth fabrics of the fast and near-fast ice along the coasts of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas show that, at depths of more than 60 cm below the upper ice surface, the sea ice crystals show striking alignments within the horizontal plane. At one site this alignment was well developed at a depth of 15 cm and in all cases the degree of preferred orientation increased with depth, with the strongest orientations occurring at the bottom of the ice sheet. In general the c-axes of the crystals were aligned roughly E-W parallel to the coast. In the vicinity of islands the alignment roughly paralleled the outlines of the islands and in narrow passes between islands the alignment paralleled the channel. Our observations, as well as similar observations made in the Kara Sea by Cherepanov, can be explained if it is assumed that the c-axes of the crystals are aligned parallel to the 'long-term' current direction at the sea ice/sea water interface. The alignments are believed to be the result of geometric selection among the growing crystals, with the most favored orientation being that in which the current flows normal to the (0001) plates of ice that make up the dendritic ice/water interface characteristics of sea ice. It is hypothesized that current flow in this direction reduces the thickness of the solute boundary layer as well as the salinity in the liquid at the interface. This lowered salinity allows crystals in the favored orientation to extend farther into the melt than neighboring crystals with less favored orientations. In addition the current tends to induce a continuous flux of supercooled seawater against the sides of the crystals that extend ahead of the interface.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Locale and techniques Observations Vertical variations in crystal orientation Regional variations in crystal orientation Summary of observations Causes Initial ice skim Earth’s magnetic field Currents Conclusions and consequences Literature cited
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  • 11
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 12
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/29
    In: CRREL Report, 77-29
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of measurements of salinity, grain size, substructure dimensions and crystal fabrics of the undeformed 2.15-m-thick annual sea ice sheet near Narwhal Island, Alaska, are presented. A notable observation was the formation of a dominant c-axis horizontal structure in all ice below 14 cm, including transformation to a pronounced east-west alignment of the c-axes by a depth of 66 cm. This study confirms earlier reports of the occurrence of very strong horizontal c-axis alignments in arctic fast ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-29
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling and analytical procedures Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 13
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/30
    In: CRREL Report, 77-30
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Ageneral computer model to simulate municipal snow removal has been developed. Programs which aid in the routing of snowplows are a part of this package. Once vehicle routes are created, the simulation program can be used to assess situations varying both equipment and meteorological parameters. Time for each plow to complete its route is calculated. Considerations are made for the above variable parameters plus plowing windrow, route starting depth, overlapping truck routes and intersection delay time. The effects of storm length, snowfall rate and starting depth on total plowing time are examined in a test case.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-30
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/26
    In: CRREL Report, 77-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A theory for ice forces acting on inclined wedges has been developed, thus making it possible to predict the magnitude of the intermittent ice forces from knowledge of the physical parameters of the system. The theory has been verified by model tests with artificial and natural ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Summary Introduction Recent ice research in Denmark General Structures with vertical faces Wedges with inclined faces Recording of the strength of natural ice Artificial ice — properties and manufacture General Composition of material Order of mixing ingredients Rupture theory Theoretical approach Initial contact Forces acting on wedge Maximum force and actual force Principal stress equations 8Dynamic equations Intermittent nature of force Theoretical curve Verifiction of theory by model tests Description Width of rupture channel Plotting of results Engineering application Comparison with Korahavin’s results Recommendations for future research References Appendix A
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  • 15
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/27
    In: CRREL Report, 77-27
    Description / Table of Contents: The spectral reflectance of natural snow in the range of 0.20- to about 0.40-micrometers wavelengths was studied in the laboratory using both continuous spectral scanning and fixed bandpass measurements. White barium sulfate pressed powder was used as a standard for comparison. The reflectance of fresh snow was found to be very high (usually nearly 100%) and only weakly wavelength dependent from 0.24 micrometers to the visible range. In the 0.20- to 0.24-micrometers portion of the spectrum, the reflectance was found to be quite erratic. Possible reasons for the irregularities in reflectance measurements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental procedure Snow collection Spectrophotometric methods Data analysis Potential sources of error Presentation of results Continuous-scan measurements Comparison of sequential bandpass and continuous-scan measurements Theoretical calculations Discussion of results Differences in amplitude of reflectance measurements Irregularities in the shape of spectral reflectance curves The true spectral reflectance of snow in the ultraviolet region Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Absolute reflectance values of pressed BaSO4 powder
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  • 16
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/19
    In: CRREL Report, 77-19
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, Part VI
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: The report deals with forces and power levels in cutting machines having adisc or drum that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the direction of advance. The forces on individual cutting tools are related to position on the rotor and to characteristics such as tool layout, rotor speed, rotor size, machine advance speed, and rotor torque. Integration leads to expressions for force components acting on the rotor axis, taking into account tool characteristics, cutting depth of the rotor, and rotor torque. These provide estimates of tractive thrust and thrust normal to the primary free surface. For self-propelled machines, this leads to considerations of traction, normal reaction, weight and balance, and power/weight ratios. Specific energy consumption is analyzed and related to machine characteristics and strength ofthe material being cut. Power per unit working area is discussed, and data for existing machines are summarized. Power requirements for ejection ofcuttings are analyzed, and the hydrodynamic resistance on underwater cuttings is treated. A number of worked examples are given to illustrate the principles discussed in the report.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Forces on individual cutters Torque force and tool force Forces on the rotor axis Tractive thrust and down thrust Alternative tool force formulations Vehicle traction Power/weight ratio Weight and balance Force, torque, speed and power Specific energy Efficiency and performance index Power density Power requirements for ejection of cuttings Hydrodynamic resistance in underwater cutting
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  • 17
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/12
    In: CRREL Report, 77-12
    Description / Table of Contents: A computer program to calculate the increased live load on a snow-covered roof due to rain-on-snow is given. For the 25-year rainstorm falling on a heavy snow load on a flat roof in Hanover, New Hamsphire, and additional 98 kg/m2 (20 lb/ft2) of liquid water is added to the live load. The additional load due to rain-on-snow is very sensitive to the snow properties and characteristics of the roof. A wide range of live loads is possible, depending on the particular circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-12
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Water movement through snow Vertical percolation Lateral flow Flat roofs Sloping roofs Rainfall intensity-duration effects Miscellaneous effects Radial flow to drains Flow along gutters on snow-covered roofs Snow structure Basal layer Conclusion Literature citied Appendix A. Computer program calculating roof loads from rain-on-snow
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  • 18
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/11
    In: CRREL Report, 77-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Two performance indicators, effectiveness and thermal efficiency, are defined and used to evaluate the year-round performance of three protected membrane roofs in Alaska and New Hampshire. Effectiveness is a measure of the deviations of ceiling temperatures from a yearly average, with large diviations indicating erratic performance in the roofing-insulation system and small departures indicating a thermally stable system. Thermal efficiency, the ratio of calculated heat loss to measured heat loss, is affected by climatic conditions such as rain, snow, solar radiation and wind. Thermal efficiency values of 100% or greater are possible since the calculated heat loss is based only on the inside and outside air temperature differences and the thermal properties of the roof components. Results of the year-round evaluation indicate that the three protected membrane roofs generally have high values of both effectiveness and thermal efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 40 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S.customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Location of test sites Fairbanks Anchorage Hanover, N.H. Test program Instrumentation Effectiveness Therma lefficiency Heat balance within the roof Comparisons with conventional systems Conclusions Effectiveness of the test roof Thermal efficiency Heat balance within the roof Applicability Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Temperature and heat flow measurements, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix B. Thermal efficiencies of the test roof, Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, and Hanover, New Hampshire Appendix C. January 1973 and August 1972 comparisons of protected membrane and conventional built-up membrane systems at Hanover, New Hampshire
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  • 19
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    Series available for loan
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
    Call number: ZSP-201
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    ISSN: 0149-3841
    Subsequent Title: CRREL Report
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-11
    In: SIPRE report, 11
    Description / Table of Contents: A commercial deep-freeze unit was modified to serve as a laboratory for growing single crystals, cutting specimens of a given orientation, testing these specimens in compressive creep, and studying thin-sections of the results on a universal stage. A method of growing single crystals of adequate size was developed by adapting the Bridgman method. Fortyone creep tests were made at temperatures ranging from -1° to -18°C. These gave an unexpected form of creep-curve in which the rate of strain continuously increases with time. The mechanism of deformation is dominantly basal translation—consistent with earlier work. The dependence on temperature and stress is expressed empirically.
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    Pages: 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 11
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction Use of the deep-freeze as a cold laboratory Growing single crystals Creep tests Conclusions References cited
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  • 21
    Call number: ZSP-201-10
    In: SIPRE report, 10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 97 Seiten
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 10
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword Synopsis Introduction Authority Purpose and scope SIPRE organization and activities Cryological problems and military end points Present state of knowledge General Introduction Terminology and classification Snow and ice Introduction Physical properties and geometry Density and water equivalent Water holding or storage capacity of snow Water transmission through snow Bound water Crystallography and metamorphism Porosity and permeability Mechanical properties Elasto-plastic properties Friction Strength Hardness Electromagnetic properties Dielectric constants Conductivity Magnetic properties Piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects Triboelectricity Freezing potential Thermodynamic properties Thermal properties Radiation Phase relations Engineering problems Snow and ice removal Snow compaction Snow draft control Trafficability Temporary structures Snow melt and runoff Maps Frozen ground and permafrost Introduction Frost action Theory of frost action Cyclic freezing and thawing Manifestations of frost actions Frost heave on freezing Reduction in load-carrying capacity on thawing Soil movements on slopes Ground properties affecting or affected by frost action Composition, grain size, and grain-size distribution Soil-moisture-movement properties Thermal properties Structure of unfrozen ground Structure of frozen ground Strength of frozen ground Freezing point Ground conditions affecting or affected by frost action Density Degree of saturation Interrelation of climate, position, vegetation, and soil Frost phenomena Climate Position Vegetation Engineering problems Excavation and replacement Subsurface drainage Base courses Insulation courses Surface icing and its control Trafficability Building foundations Maps Current related research Introduction Military cryological research in United States and Canada Non-military cryological research in the Western World Research needed Introduction Subjects for fundamental research Subjects for applied research
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  • 22
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    Hanover, NH
    Call number: ZSP-201
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
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  • 23
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/8
    In: CRREL Report, 79-8
    Description / Table of Contents: Sea ice ridging statistics obtained from a series of laser surface roughnessprofiles are examined. Each set of profiles consists of six 200-km-long flight tracks oriented approximately perpendicular to the coastline of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The landward ends of the profiles were located at Point Lay, Wainwright, Barrow, Lonely, Cross Island and Barter Island. The flights were made in February, April, August, and December 1976, and one additional profile was obtained north of Cross Island during March 1978. It was found that although there is a systematic variation in mean ridge height (h) with season (with the highest values occurring in late winter), there is no systematic spatial variation in h at a given time. The number of ridges/km (micron) is also high during the late winter, with the highest values occurring in the Barter and Cross Island profiles . In most profiles, the ice 20 to 60 km from the coast is more highly deformed (higher micron values) than the ice either nearer the coast or farther seaward. The Wadhams model for the distribution of ridge heights gives better agreement with observed values in the higher ridge categories than does the Hibler model. Estimates of the spatial recurrence frequency of large pressure ridges are made by using the Wadhams model and also by using an extreme value approach. In the latter, the distribution of the lagest ridges per 20 km of laser track was found to be essentially normal
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data
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  • 24
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/24
    In: CRREL Report, 78-24
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Comparison of winters Ship effects Measured forces Sequential breaking of the structure Discussion Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Force level fluctuations in west ice boom, 20 January 1977
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  • 25
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/23
    In: CRREL Report, 78-23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: Metric (SI) to U.S. customary units of measurement Introduction Selection of experimental approach Previous investigations of effect of freeze-thaw on soil deform ability Selection of laboratory test method Selection of method of field validation tests Field repeated-load plate-bearing tests Test pavements, soils and materials Test procedures and results Resilient modulus of subgrade calculated from field tests Mathematical model Characterization of asphalt concrete Characterization of frozen silt Calculated resilient modulus of silt within the zone of freezing Laboratory repeated-load triaxial tests Specimens, equipment and testing procedures Apparatus Procedures Resilient properties calculated from laboratory tests Calculation methods Asphalt concrete - test results Asphalt concrete - statistical analysis and discussion Silt - test results Silt - statistical analysis Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Repeated-load plate-bearing test results Appendix B. Laboratory repeated-load triaxial test results Appendix C. Regression equation coefficients for resilient modulus and Poisson’s ratio from repeated-load triaxial test data on asphalt concrete and silt Appendix D. Detailed procedures for repeated-load triaxial testing
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  • 26
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/22
    In: CRREL Report, 78-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Special environmental factors that influence the design, laying and maintenance of undersea pipelines and cables in polar waters are described. Various approaches to the protection of submarine pipes and cables are considered, and prime emphasis is given to burial techniques for shallow water. A wide range of methods for trenching and burying are discussed, and technical data are given.
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    Pages: v, 36 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Types of pipelines and cables Potential hazards to pipelines and cables Areas of concern Waterdepth Sea ice Icebergs and ice islands Submarine permafrost Ice gouging Seabed erosion by water jets Protection methods Protection of unburied pipes and cables Protection by burial Backhoe digging Wireline equipment Plowing and ripping from the surface Plowing and ripping by self-propelled seabed vehicles Bucket ladder dredges Suction dredging Conventional cutterhead dredges Low pressure water jetting Bottom-traveling cutterhead dredges Explosive methods Novel methods Disc saws, wheel ditchers and milling drums Ladder trenchers and chain saws Repetitive impulse devices High pressure water jets Flame jets and plasma torches Electrical discharge and electromagnetic radiation Chemical methods Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 27
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/21
    In: CRREL Report, 78-21
    Description / Table of Contents: This study investigates the possibility of providing estimates of the time of occurrence and length of the freezing season for any location in East and West Germany by using the average Januavy air temperature (AJ AT) as an index. The results indicate that reliable values of the mean freezing index can be obtained from the AJAT relationships which are developed for Germany. This association is further verified using data from the northeastern part of the U.S., and the AJ AT is then used to determine the average starting and ending dates (and hence the probable length) of the freezing season for stations in Germany. The AJ AT and the average dates of snowfall occurrence for numerous locations in the U.S. and Germany are also correlated. Interrelationships between these parameters and the average number of days with snow on the ground for stations up to 3000 m in elevation in Germany are examined. A detailed AJ AT map for East and West Germany, in which data from 134 stations, latitude, altitude and regional influences are considered, is developed in order to make the relationships usable. A historical review of the literature on snow studies in Germany and a brief discussion of snow-cover interpretation by satellite photography are included
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Karte
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Historical literature review Relationships between midwinter temperature and freezing season Mean freezing index 4 Average January air temperature U.S. comparative study Correlation of AJAT and duration of freezing season Relationships between average January air temperature and snow conditions U.S. relationships German relationships Mapping of average January air temperatures Analysis of observed AJ AT data Development of detailed maps Application and discussion Examples Influence of vegetation Literature cited Appendix A. interpretation of snow cover by satellite Appendix B. Contour, station elevation and Aj AT maps for East and West Germany
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  • 28
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/20
    In: CRREL Report, 78-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles cm^-3 depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles cm^-3 for diameters greater than 2 x 10^-3 μm. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to be 0.01 to 2.5 μm in diameter with the most frequently observed diameter being 0.04 μm. The volume of the maritime air and the collection efficiency of aerosol particles on filmed grids for electron microscopy were measured. The aerosol concentrations were found to be 76 to 101 particles cm^-3 ; the mean concentration was calculated to be 87 particles cm^-3. The aerosol particles in the maritime air were identified by electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis. About 20% of the aerosol particles were identified, and 80% of the particles were too small for electron diffraction analysis. Sea salt particles constituted 2% of the total, and clay minerals 3%; these particles were considered to be of natural origin. Solid combustion by-products such as coagulated carbon particles and fly ash particles constituted 16%. Despite the comparative remoteness of the sampling site, the measurements indicate that many anthropogenic aerosols were found using an electron microscope.
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    Pages: iv, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-20
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/10
    In: CRREL Report, 78-10
    Description / Table of Contents: The compressibility of wet snow is described in terms of pressure melting and nonlinear viscous deformation at grain contacts. The results of experiments with different salinities and liquid water contents are compared with computed densities. The decreasing compressibility of wet snow with increasing salinity and decreasing liquid content is quantified and explained. Simultaneous particle growth and the doubly charged layer at phase boundaries are included in the model. The results show that the density of wet snow increases approximately as a power of time but is highly dependent on the stress, initial particle size, liquid water content, and ionic impurity content of the snow.
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    Pages: vi, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Grain growth Stressed particle contacts Fluid pressure Packing geometry Temperature distribution and heat flow Fluid and impurity flows Results The liquid film Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 30
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
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    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 31
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-78/7
    In: CRREL Report, 78-7
    Description / Table of Contents: The theory of non-coaxial in-plane plastic deformation of soils that obey the Coulomb yield criterion is presented. The constitutive equations are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. It is found that, for solving a boundary value problem, the non-coaxial angle must be given such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow in the given domain satisfying the given boundary conditions. The non-coaxial angle is contained in the constitutive equations as a parameter. Therefore, the plastic material obeying the Coulomb yield criterion is a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited
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  • 32
    Call number: ZSP-201-77/9
    In: CRREL Report, 77-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents experimental results on the conditions of initiation of an ice jam by a simple surface obstruction, on the equilibrium thickness of an ice jam formed by accumulation and submergence of ice floes, and on the compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover. In the study on ice jam initiation, it was found that the minimum concentration of floes in the opening of the obstruction at which a jam occurs is nearly independent of the ratio of width of constricted passage to channel width, and is proportional to a negative power of the ratio of floe length to width of constricted passage. From energy analysis of floe submergence, a relationship relating the thickness of a jam formed by accumulation and submergence of floes to the approach flow characteristics was derived and found to fit satisfactorily the experimental data. In experiments on compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover it was found that the compressive strength is inversely proportional to compression velocity and independent of cover length.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction I. Initiation of ice jams by partial surface obstructions A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedure C. Dimensional analysis D. Presentation of results and discussion ΙΙ. Thickness of ice jams due to accumulation and transport of ice floes A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedures C. Presentation of results E. Conclusion III. Compressive strength of floating fragmented ice covers A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental setup and procedure C. Presentation of results and discussion D. Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results on ice jam initiation Appendix B: Effect of surface tension on submergence velocity of ice floes Appendix C: Experimental results for ice jam thickness study Appendix D: Experimental results on compressive strength of fragmented ice cover
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  • 33
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/15
    In: CRREL Report, 77-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory experimental study was conducted on a scale model of an annular flow ice-water heat sink to be used to store the waste heat produced in a hardened defense installation operating in an isolated mode. The study ex­amined: 1) scaling relationships for predicting the performance of prototype units using data from scale models, 2) the accuracy of a computer prediction technique developed during an earlier study, 3) the heat transfer phenom­enon at the ice-water interface, and 4) some practical aspects related to the operation of a prototype installation. The scaling relationships and the computer program were found to be sufficiently accurate for use in developing a proto­type sink design. During operation the scale model sink provided an almost constant low temperature source of coolant water for approximately one-half its useful life and thereafter behaved like an ordinary stored water reservoir type heat sink. No significant operational problems were discovered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurement Introduction Description of experiment Apparatus Test procedure Experimental results Summary of experimental tests Influence of coolant water flow rates Approximation of the rate of melting Comparison of experimental and computed results Comparative analysis of the model sinks Approximation of the heat transfer coefficient Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Experimental data, heat sink Model II Appendix B. Heat sink scaling and similarity relationships Appendix C. Derivation of the relationships for the heat transfer coefficient, Reynolds and Nusselt numbers Appendix D. Determination of freezing rates and refrigeration loads Appendix E. Approximation of stresses in the heat sink tank
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  • 34
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/17
    In: CRREL Report, 77-17
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature search was made for information on the accretion of ice on ocean structures and on methods for control. The bulk of the reports were in Russian, with some additional Japanese, British, American, Canadian, and Icelandic sources. Analysis of icing reports indicated that sea spray is the most important cause of ship icing, with lesser amounts due to freezing rain, snow, and fog. Icing is a potential danger whenever air temperatures are below the freezing point of water and the sea temperature is 6 C or lower. Theoretical work on the ice accretion process is discussed, and a method is suggested, based on Russian experiments, for calculating the sea spray accumulation rate for cylindrical and flat surfaces as a function of water source temperature, air temperature, and wind speed. Other factors that influence icing severity are ship size and configuration, angle between ship course and water heading, and ship speed. Icing in the north temperate latitudes generally occurs in the rear of barometric depressions. Maps showing limits of various degrees of icing severity are included. Atmospheric icing measurements on tall land-based structures are presented, and potential maximum accumulations estimated. Control measures are discussed, though no completely effective method is available. Mechanical (impaction) methods are the most common, but experiments have been conducted on heated, icephobic, and deformable surfaces, and with freezing point depressants. No device for the unequivocal measurement of ice accumulation is available, though some experimental methods are suitable for controlled testing; it is recommended that a device be developed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 42 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric units of measurements Introduction The freezing proeess Icing observations Geographical distribution of icing and contributing meteorological conditions Extreme icing conditions Extremes of icc accumulation Prediction of icing occurrences Prediction of icing intensity and rate Control methods Measurement of icing rate Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Maps of icing occurrence and rate Appendix B. Data for computing ship icing rates Appendix C. Estimation of ice accumulation
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  • 35
    Call number: ZSP-201-20
    In: SIPRE report, 20
    Description / Table of Contents: Work carried out at the SIPRE Test Site, Site 2, on the Greenland Ice Cap,during the summer 1954, included: (1) Excavation of trenches, a circular tunnel and a deep pit; (2) Instrumentation of excavations for pressure and deformation measurements; (3) Tests on the properties of snow from the deep pit; (4) Construction of a snow house as an experimental structure and to provide a heated shelter for an observer stationed at the site for the winter. Observations and measurements over a period of five years are expected to provide sufficient information for the establishment of satisfactory design criteria for all kinds of surface and subsurface military installations on high polar ice caps.
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    Pages: 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 20
    Language: English
    Note: Contents I. Introduction, by H. Bader II. Excavation of trenches and tunnels, by R.W. Waterhouse III. Excavation of deep pit, by J.K. Landauer IV. Trench covering, framing, and instrumentation, by R.W. Waterhouse V. The snow house, by R.W. Waterhouse VI. Load measurements in the N-S trench, by R.W. Waterhouse VII. Deformation measurements, by J.K. Landauer VIII. Distance changes on the ice cap, by B.L. Hansen and H. Bader IX. Annual accumulation, by H. Bader X. Snow density and snow load in deep pit, by J.K. Landauer XI. Air permeability of snow from deep pit, by J.A. Bender XII. Viscosity of snow from deep pit, by J.K. Landauer XIII. Crushing strength of snow from deep pit, by T.R. Butkovich XIV. Shear strength of snow from deep pit, by T.R. Butkovich XV. Tensiel strength of snow from deep pit, by T.R. Butkovich XVI. Angle of internal friction of snow from deep pit, by T.R. Butkovich XVII. Snow temperatures, by J.K. Landauer
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  • 36
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/1
    In: CRREL Report, 76-1
    Description / Table of Contents: This report summarizes the advances in understanding of the Arctic which have come about since the inception of the ARPA Arctic Surface Effect Vehicle Program in 1970, primarily as the result of CRREL’s participation. Major efforts to increase knowledge of sea ice, terrestrial, and coastal topographic features are described. Special empha­sis is placed upon the quantitative understanding of pressure ridging. Other areas of major interest are atmospheric characteristics and ecological effects. A list of publications generated is included.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sea ice characteristics Ridging intensity Arctic terrain characteristics databank Digital terrain maps Digital laser profiles Standard terrain tapes Mobility analysis Terrestrial and coastal characteristics Northern Alaska Interior Alaska Arctic USSR Northern Canada and Greenland Climatological characteristics General features Surface winds Temperatures Precipitation and visibility Electromagnetic/optical propagation Ecological effects of SEV operations SK-5 tests Simulated SEV tests Conclusions Literature cited Additional CRREL SEV Bibliography
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  • 37
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/3
    In: CRREL Report, 76-3
    Description / Table of Contents: A world-wide review of the literature applicable to the design of harbors and channels in cold regions was conducted. Forces due to ice movement present the dominant factor in the design of marine structures in cold regions. Expressions for calculating the ice force are presented. Other factors relating to design criteria such as construction materials, structure geometry, and methods of ice suppression are discussed.
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    Pages: iii, 32 Seiten
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-3
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/2
    In: CRREL Report, 76-2
    Description / Table of Contents: The repair and maintenance costs of low slope roofs are high and their life expectancy is less than desired. The increasing use of insulation is accompanied by a greater incidence of problems. The experience in cold regions amplifies these experiences. Protected membrane roofs have the prerequisites for better performance and the experience to date is encouraging. The results of performance measurements of three roofs built by the Corps of Engineers verify that the membrane remains at nearly constant temperature, independent of the weather, and that the insulation retains its integrity despite periodic wetting. Moisture absorption is slow and appears to stabilize in time due to the self-drying nature of the roof. Heat losses are increased due to rain, and extra insulation should be added to compensate for these losses. The resistance of protected membrane roofs to fire, traffic, impact, and other adverse forces is superior. So far, the initial cost of protected membrane roofs is at a premium, primarily due to the cost of concrete pavers. The initial cost premium can be justified, however, by the reduced repair and maintenance costs as indicated to date, and by the longer life expectancy of the protected membrane. The high probability of superior performance and cost effectiveness is a compelling reason to incorporate protected membrane roofs increasingly in Government construction.
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    Pages: v, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Low slope roof problems and repair costs Protected membrane roofs and materials Installations of protected membrane roofs Performance evaluation Test program Effectiveness Thermal efficiency Heat balance Internal cooling due to rain Moisture absorption and thermal conductivity of insulations Durability and life expectancy Fire resistance Patent considerations Costs of roofs Design considerations Proposed specifications Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 39
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/4
    In: CRREL Report, 76-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Large areas of grounded sea ice have been reported by early arctic explorers and more recently by the U.S. Coast Guard. The ESSA, ERTS, NOAA and DMSP satellites now provide multispectral imagery with sufficiently high resolution to allow detailed sequential observations to be made of the movement and spatial extent of arctic sea ice. This report discusses the location, formation and decay of five large (greater than 30 sq km) islands of grounded sea ice in the southern Chukchi Sea as observed for an extended period of time using satellite imagery. Measurements of the bathymetry around one grounded sea ice feature are presented along with observations made and photos taken from the ice surface. The potential use of these sea ice islands as research stations is also discussed.
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    Pages: v, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-4
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction The discovery Age of the island Island visit Other islands of grounded ice Discussion Literature cited
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  • 40
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/5
    In: CRREL Report, 76-5
    Description / Table of Contents: Griffith, and later Babel, have previously developed a tensile fracture criterion for a two-dimensional state of stress. This theory is extended to the compression-compression region. From this theory the angle of fracture is developed. The theory is extended conceptually to three dimensions. Triaxial test data by Haynes for snow-ice are shown in this three-dimensional fracture theory. The test data are slightly less than those predicted when the void in the snow-ice is spherical.
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    Pages: iii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-5
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/6
    In: CRREL Report, 76-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the vein structure of temperate ice is described as Darbian flow in which the pressure gradient is determined from vein size and overburden pressure. A solution method for the resulting equation is given and two special cases are considered. For steady flow the equilibrium vein size is a function of depth and, by neglecting the effects of diffusion, it is shown that flow perturbations introduced at the surface propagate downward at a constant speed.These perturbations propagate so slowly that even annual surface fluctuations of flow may be eliminated by diffusion before reaching the bottom of the glacie
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    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-6
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/7
    In: CRREL Report, 76-7
    Description / Table of Contents: This report covers a series of cantilever beam tests designed to determined the efficacy of adding reinforcement to an ice cover. Tests were run using 1-in.-diam tree branches, 3/16-in.-diam wire rope and 9/16-in. half-round wood dowels as reinforcement for both seawater and freshwater ice. The results show a definite advantage derived from using reinforcement, even when poorly placed. The results also show that reinforced ice carries a load even after it cracks. Thus, after the initial cracks there is time to remove people and equipment before final breakthrough. One must bear in mind, however, that reinforcement has disadvantages. The darker reinforcement absorbs solar radiation and thereby causes earlier weakening of the ice cover. Also, in many cases the time and effort required to place reinforcement may exceed those required to achieve equal strength by additional thickening of the ice sheet. This study has shown that understanding of the failure mechanism of ice under repetitive loading is poor and that future studies should be performed on this problem. Also, this study covered only cantilever beams. The actual field problem is strengthening a three-dimensional sheet. Hence, distribution and orientation of the reinforcement should be addressed in future studies.
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    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-7
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to SI metric units Introduction Typical methods of constructing ice bridges Current knowledge Test program Objectives Equipment Procedure Data General Specific ice sheets Test results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 43
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/8
    In: CRREL Report, 76-8
    Description / Table of Contents: During the past decade a number of methods for measuring the amount of unfrozen water in partially frozen ground have emerged. Means of quickly and simply predicting unfrozen water contents in clay have become increasingly important with the growth of interest in encapsulating clay soils compacted at low water contents to serve as base courses for roads. Unfortunately the measurements require sophisticated equipment and, in most instances, specially trained operators. In an effort to simplify the task of obtaining water-ice phase composition data, methods of calculating phase composition curves from other, simpler measurements on soils have been sought. The paper presents a method of deriving the measurement of unfrozen water contents at various temperatures from liquid limit determinations.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-8
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/9
    In: CRREL Report, 76-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Access to study areas may be an important factor in long-term field-oriented research, particularly in-regions without well-developed road and communications systems. In a wildland hydrometeorology research project in subarctic Alaska, access to and within a 40-square-mile research watershed has been developed both in accordance with a general plan prepared at project inception and in response to developing research requirements. Foot trails, trails for 'off-road' low-ground-pressure tracked vehicles, helicopter transport, long-term data recorders, and radio telemetry of data have all been incorporated in an access and communications system. Cost estimates indicate that incorporation of gravel roads into the system would be economically advantageous, given adequate funding for initial road construction.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-9
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Access within the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed Trail access Helicopter access Road access Alternative approaches Long-term recorders Telemetry systems Remote sensing Relative costs A desirable system Selected bibliography
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  • 45
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/11
    In: CRREL Report, 76-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the unsaturated portion of a snowpack is calculated using various assumptions about radiation penetration into the snow. The results show that for the purposes of hydrologic forecasting, it is sufficiently ac­curate to assume that all of the radiation absorption occurs at the surface. The error in the calculation of flow is largest for very shallow snowpacks, but this error is reduced by radiation absorption at the base of the snow and by the routing of meltwater through the saturated basal layer.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Theory Examples Discussion Literature cited
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  • 46
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    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-30
    In: SIPRE report, 30
    Description / Table of Contents: Mining Research Corporation, Inc., under contract with Snow Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, conducted explosion tests in frozen Keweenaw silt, to determine; (1) the most efficient type of explosive for blasts in frozen ground, (2) the fundamental relation between weight of explosive and depth of charge, (3) the proper position of the charge relative to the frozen-ground interface, (4) the feasibility of fracturing the frozen layer by placing a charge in the underlying unfrozen material, and (5) the effect of the diameter of the borehole and of the shape of the charge upon the resultsof blasting. Information obtained from the tests applies to the specific problem of excavating in frozen ground and to fundamental explosives research. Conclusions and recommendations based on this information are presented here concerning the feasibility of using explosives for fox-holes in frozen ground; methods of placing the charge; mechanics of crater formation; the crater equation; future instrumentation; classification of explosives; and correlation of blast data.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 97 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 30
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Abstract Chapter I. Introduction to problem 1. Previous attempts at blasting frozen ground 2. Necessity for fundamental approach 3. Terminology 4. Description, objectives, and scope of the Keweenaw Tests 5. Selection of explosives 6. Classification and properties of commercial explosives 7. Characteristics of explosives in the Keweenaw Tests 8. Comparison of Atlas, Hercules, and Du Pont nitroglycerine-base explosives Chapter II. Test program Section I. Field tests 1. General 2. Test site 3. Field test procedure a. Site preparation b. Instrumentation c. Snow removal d. Determining depth of frozen ground e. Soil sampling and coring f. Layout of the test site g. Spacing of blast holes h. Blast-hole drilling i. Blasting procedure j. Field analysis and crater surveys k. Data-sheet computations l. Photography Section II. Laboratory tests 1. Soil handling and storage 2. Soil classification tests a. Specimen preparation b. Test procedure c. Test results 3. Tests to determine stress-strain relationship a. General b. Specimen preparation for unconfined compression tests c. Test procedure d. Results e. Observations Chapter III. Analysis of blast tests Section I. Mechanics of crater formation in frozen Keweenaw silt 1. Introduction 2. Shock phenomena 3. Expansion of the gas bubble 4. Rupture of surface and conversion of pressure head to velocity head Section II. Blast Test A - Relationships of explosive, radius of crater, volume of crater, and depth of crater 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observations Section Ill. Blast Test B - Energy utilization in blasting 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observation Section IV. Blast Test C - The frozen-ground interface 1. Introduction 2. Relation of frozen-ground interface to scaling laws 3. Relation between the ratio of chamber volume to crater volume and the volume-utilization factor 4. Increase in volum.e-utilization factor for charges placed below the frozen layer 5. Position of the gas bubble relative to the frozen-ground interface 6. Igloo-type foxhole construction Section V. Blast Test D - Foxhole construction 1. Introduction 2. Application of shaped charges to foxhole construction 3. Application of hand-auget drilling to foxhole construction 4. Conclusions Section VI. Blast Test E - Temperature effect 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Results and analysis 4. Summary of observations Section VII. Blast Test F - Effect of charge shape 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Conclusions Chapter IV. Summary of objectives; conclusions and recommendations Section I. Summary of objectives 1. Introduction 2. Objective 1: Most efficientt type of explosive for blasts in frozen ground 3. Objective 2: Fundamental relation between weight of explosive and depth of charge 4. Objective 3: Proper position of charge relative to the frozen-ground interface 5. Objective 4: Feasibility of fracturing the frozen layer by placing a charge in the underlying unfrozen material 6. Objective 5: Effect of diameter of the borehole and shape of charge on results of blasting Section II. Conclusions and recommendations 1. Feasibility of using explosives for constructing foxholes in frozen ground 2. Methods of placing the charge 3. Mechanics of crater formation 4. The crater equation 5. Future instrumentation 6. Classification of explosives 7. Correlation of blast data Appendix: Data sheets, Experiments 1-13
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  • 47
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/13
    In: CRREL Report, 76-13
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain, a mid-latitude large lake, near Shelburne Point, Vermont, were studied during the winter of 1974-75. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures could be obtained at known levels. This temperature recording system measured vertical and horizontal variations in ice and water temperature regimes during ice formation, growth and decay. Meteorological data were measured during the winter period November 1974 through March 1975 at the site. Ice stratigraphy was determined for the ice at the site at its maximum seasonal growth for comparison with ice from St. Albans Bay (at the northern end of Lake Champlain) which had formed earlier. Correlations were determined between ice growth and accumulated degree days of freezing. The operation of a bubbler system installed near the measurement site around a service dock was observed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Climate Site selection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Installation of automatic water temperature recording system Visual observations and ice structure St. Albans Shelburne Analysis Temperature comparison Water temperature measuring system Changes in water temperature Wind Degree-days of freezing Prediction of ice formation Bubbler system Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 48
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/14
    In: CRREL Report, 76-14
    Description / Table of Contents: At the height of warm weather in Alaska in 1975, temperature measurements were made to determine the extent of the thermal impact on French Creek due to a condenser cooling water impact from the Eielson AFB Power plant. Water temperature measurements during a two-day period failed to show any significant thermal impact on the water in French Creek. It was concluded that no thermal pollution exists due to this warm water input at the volumes and conditions that presently exist.
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    Pages: ii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-14
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/15
    In: CRREL Report, 76-15
    Description / Table of Contents: A literature review of revegetation and biological aspects of restoration research was completed for arctic and sub­arctic North America. Although there is a great deal of climatic variation in this region it is generally characterized by extreme conditions, such as a short growing season and permafrost. Most of the revegetation research has been undertaken in the last six years as a result of increased natural resource development. The primary goal has been erosion control, with aesthetics, minimization of thermokarst, and production of browse as other objectives. Revege­tation and long-term restoration methods depend upon such variables as the site conditions, nutrient regime (especially as this is influenced by the climatic conditions in the Arctic and Subarctic), plant adaptations, and the selection of native or introduced species. Technologies which have been developed to meet these conditions primarily include seedbed preparation, use of seed mixes, and fertilization and seeding methods. Most of the research has focused on the use of agronomic grasses and legumes. These are selected on the basis of a number of factors, such as cold hardiness and growth form prior to evaluation in the laboratory and the field. The most successful species to date have been Arctared fescue and Nugget bluegrass in the Arctic, while these two as well as creeping red fescue, meadow foxtail, Frontier reed canarygrass, Durar hard fescue, slender wheatgrass, and Icelandic poa did well in the Subarctic. Similar methods have been attempted to a more limited extent with evaluation of native herbaceous and woody species which seem promising on the basis of natural succession studies. There are a number of continuing research needs for arctic anc subarctic revegetation. These include fertilization strategies, development of specialized techniques (such as sprigging) for native species, and longer term studies. It is particularly important to integrate short term revegetatio methods with long-term restoration goals.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Definition of revegetation Definition of restoration Objectives Some revegetation considerations Site conditions Nutrient regime Plant adaptations Native species vs introduced species Methods Seedbed preparation Seeding methods Timing of seeding Seed mixes Fertilization Agronomic grasses and legumes Selection criteria Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Effect of revegetation methods Site conditions Maintenance of herbaceous cover Introduced woody species Native species — succession Significance of disturbance Primary succession Secondary succession Herbaceous native species Selection Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Effect of revegetation methods Woody native species Selection Laboratory evaluation Field evaluation Native species and agronomic species, in combination Recommendations for research Summary Bibliography Appendix: Species tested
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  • 50
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/16
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
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  • 51
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/17
    In: CRREL Report, 76-17
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines which utilize a continuous belt as the cutting unit (e.g. coal saws, shale saws, digger-chain trenchers). The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting system, including such topics as chipping depth, production and conveyance of cuttings, tool trajectories, tool speeds, tool angles, and arrangement of cutting tools on the belt. Worked examples are included to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-17
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Introduction Terminology Chipping depth Production and conveyance of cuttings Tool trajectories Tool speeds Tool relief angles — kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Belt curvature, slackness and flexibility Tool layout Longitudinal tool spacing Transverse tool spacing Cross-section profiles of the kerf Literature cited
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  • 52
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-18
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
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  • 53
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/10
    In: CRREL Report, 76-10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Experimental work SCR samples CAG samples CMS samples UAG samples SI samples Optical system Equipment Procedure Photographic work Large cracks and fissures Small damage to the surface Small damage to the buIk Results Damage as a function of the position x of the focal point; n(x) Damage as a function of the number of irradiations #; n(#) Damage as a function of crystallographic orientation ĉ; n (ĉ); p (ĉ) Damage as a function of surface structure Damage as a function of age A; n (A) Damage as a function of wavelength λ; p(λ) Systematic study of damage as a function of W, t, m and s; n(W, t, m, s) Analysis Fracture in ice Mechanisms for optically generated damage in transparent dielectrics Discussion of the results Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 54
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/22
    In: CRREL Report, 76-22
    Description / Table of Contents: Several membrane materials used or considered for MESL (membrane-enveloped soil layer) utilization of poor soils in road construction have been tested for cold effect on puncture and stiffness. PE (polyethylene) film was also tested for solvent soak effects. A simple blunt needle apparatus was devised for puncture testing. For plastic films (mainly PE), both puncture resistance and stiffness increase at low temperature (0 F, -18 C). For non-woven, spunbonded fabrics these properties are little affected by cold. For both non-wovens and PE film, puncture and bending strengths increase linearly with weight or thickness. The slope is steeper for the non-wovens, which generally are stronger on a per unit weight basis. PE film soaked in a hydrocarbon solvent swelled approximately 17% and lost about 30-40% its puncture strength. These effects are apparently reversible upon drying. Consideration has been given to sealing and patching requirements and to the drying of sealant liquids when adhering film to film. Also considered have been pos­sible slippage related to the reported low angle of friction of plastic films in soil and the possibility of lamination for improved membrane properties.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 60 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-22
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Experimental Materials Apparatus Procedure Results Discussion PE solvent soak and swelling PE solvent soak and puncture Film puncture rate effect Bending orientation Comparative tables and graphs Puncture and temperature Bending and temperature Test result vs thickness and weight General considerations Conclusion and recommendations Literature cited Appendix Detailed data tables Denier explanation
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  • 55
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/23
    In: CRREL Report, 76-23
    Description / Table of Contents: This report describes the study of piles tested in polar snow at Camp Century, Greenland. More than 20 piles of various lengths and sizes were driven, including timber, closed-end and open-end steel pipe piles, and I- and H-piles. The H-piles were instrumented with strain gages. In addition to the driven piles, two purely end-bearing piles were installed in augered holes and five piles were frozen in place using a snow-water slurry. Driving records were obtained and are discussed. Analysis of the driving response of various piles revealed that the Hiley formula, and presumably other similar pile driving formulas, cannot be used to predict the ultimate supporting capacity of piles driven in snow. Factors such as pile inertia, rigidity, size, and tip resistance are discussed in relation to their apparent influence upon pile penetration. Pile load test procedures are described and test results are discussed. It was found that closed-end pipe piles are decidedly inferior to open-end pipe piles in their load-carrying capability and their ultimate supporting capacity. Although pile settlement was found to be dependent upon such variables as pipe load, time, pile shape, and snow temperature, precise effects of these variables were not determined. Nevertheless, the capability of open-end piles to carry quite heavy loads was demonstrated and a procedure is presented for testing these piles in snow.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 132 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-23
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Test site Pile driving equipment Test instrumentation Testing procedures Pile driving data Pile type vs driving resistance Closed-end vs open-end piles Calculated bearing capacity of pile Effect of pile driving on the embedment medium Pile inclination Slurried-in-place piles Pile load test data Strain gage instrumentation and results Pile excavation Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Theoretical elastic deflection of piles supported by skin friction Appendix B: Trench floor arching study
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  • 56
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/12
    In: CRREL Report, 76-12
    Description / Table of Contents: The heat transfer processes associated with melting and refreezing a drill hole 500 m in depth and 0.150 m in initial radius through an ice shelf were approximately analyzed. The results were expressed in graphical form showing the time available for experimentation under the hole as a function of heating duration and heating strength. It was found that the refreezing of the drill hole had a much slower rate than the melting of the hole.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-12
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Analysis Melting period Freezing period Calculation Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Justification of using eq 8 for the calculation of heat transfer coefficient h
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  • 57
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/20
    In: CRREL Report, 76-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Under ordinary conditions the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0°C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0°C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it pro­ceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomal­ous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments dis­playing the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-20
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S.customary and SI units Introduction Materials, instruments, measurements Experiments with water freezing in fine pores Freezing experiments with bulk water Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 58
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    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/21
    In: CRREL Report, 76-21
    Description / Table of Contents: The effects of snow temperature and initial density on the stress vs density and stress vs deformation relationships were investigated for shallow compacted snow in the density range of 0.28 to 0.76 g/cu m, for stress range of 0.5 to 72 bars and a temperature range of -1 to -34 C at a deformation rate of 40 cm/s. A decrease in temperature increases the resistance to stress, the effect increasing with applied stress. For any stress, an increase in the initial density results in an increase in the resulting density, the effect decreasing with an increase in stress. The approximate yield envelopes, which define the stress required to initiate any deformation of snow of a particular density and temperature, were determined. Rapid compaction of snow results in extensive recrystallization, significantly different from that of naturally compacted snow. At a stress of 72 bars, transformation to ice occurs only at temperature above -10C.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 47 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-21
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Description of study Sample preparation Test equipment and procedure Discussion of results Stress-density relationship Stress-deformation relationship Summary and conclusions Microstructural examination of artifically compacted snow Analytical techniques Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Photographs of oscilloscope traces
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  • 59
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    Series available for loan
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
    Associated volumes
    Call number: Q 2435/17 ; ZSP-319/C-17 ; MOP Per 581(3/17)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 17
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 17
    Language: German
    Note: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Symbole Vorwort 1. Die vertikale Lichtstrahlkrümmung in 300 bis 1200 m Höhe über Spitzbergen nach aerologischen Aufstiegen 1.1. Die aerologischen Aufstiege 1.2. Die Temperaturverhältnisse über Spitzbergen und die Typen der Refraktionsschichtung 1.3. Berechnung lokaler Refraktionskoeffizienten aus Temperaturmessungen in der freien Atmosphäre 1.4. Refraktionsschwankung und trigonometrische Höhenmessung 1.5. Bemerkungen zur Breitenabhängigkeit der Lichtstrahlkrümmung 2. Die vertikale Lichtstrahlkrümmung über einer ebenen, temperierten Firn- oder Eisfläche 2.1. Einige geophysikalische Gesichtspunkte zur Erforschung der eisnahen Refraktion 2.2. Temperatur und Feuchte in der eisnahen Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 2.3. Berechnung lokaler Refraktionskoeffizienten für die eisnahe Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 2.4. Refraktionsschichtung im Gletscherwind 3. Bemerkungen zur Bahnkrümmung elektromagnetischer Wellen über einer ebenen, temperierten Firn- oder Eisfläche 3.1. Berechnung der lokalen Bahnkrümmung von Mikrowellen für die eisnahe Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 3.2. Verdunstung und Duct 4. Grundzüge der Refraktion in hohen Breiten (Zusammenfassung)
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    Call number: Q 2435/41 ; MOP Per 581(3/41) ; ZSP-319/C-41
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 41
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 248 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 41
    Language: German , Russian
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorbemerkung Teilnehmerverzeichnis Vorträge 0. Meteorologische Einflüsse auf geodätische Messungen / Bahnert, G. 1.1 Terrestrische Refraktion und vertikale Temperaturverteilung über dem Inlandeis Antarktikas / Helbig, A. 1.2. Refraktionsschwankung und Turbulenz / Meier, S. 1.3. Opyt opredelenija pulsacii pokazatelja prelomlenija, c usredneniem izmerenij vo vremeni / Tikasz, E. 1.4. Fisičeskie osnovy slučajnych izmenenij uglov optičeskoj refrakcii v zemnoj atmosfere / Alekaeev, A. u.a. 1.5. Issledovanie refrakcii optičeskich voln v prizemnom sloe atmosfery / Alekseev, A. u.a. 2.1. Der Refraktionseinfluß auf Visuren bis 250 m Länge / Bahnert, G. 2.2. Trigonometrisches Nivellement im Testnetz der TH Praha / Hauf, M. 2.3. Bestimmung der Refraktion bei dem trigonometrischen Nivellement / Blazek, R. 2.4. Refraktionseinfluß auf trigonometrische Nivellements hoher Präzision / Milev, G. 2.5. Bestimmung der Refraktion bei der dreidimensionalen Triangulation insbesondere im Gebirge / Hradilek, L. 2.6. Neuere Untersuchungen in Refraktionsforschungen in Ungarn / Horvath, K. 2.7. Geodeziko-meteorologičeskij metod opredelenija bokovoj refrakcii / Djankov, I. 2.8. Issledovanija vlijanija fluktuacij sobstvennogo izlučenija lazerov i atmosfery na točnost' dispersionnogo metoda izmerenija refrakcii / Suškov, A. 2.9. Issledovanie vozmožnosti ispolzovanija predvestnika dlja oslablenija vlijanija atmosfery na geodezičeskie izmerenija / Galkin, J., Genike, A. 2.10. Brechungsindexschwankungen und die Interferenzerscheinung im Väisälä-Interferometer / Rauhut, J. 2.11. Zur Brechungsindexbestimmung mittels selbstregistrierender Luftrefraktometer auf der Standardbasis Potsdam / Kühne, K. 2.12. Erfassung des Refraktionseinflusses bei geodätischen Interferenzlängenmessungen mittels der Luftdispersion / Schüler, R. 3.1. Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung des vertikalen Tagesganges der bodennahen Refraktion zur Ableitung von Einsatzkriterien für Laserleitstrahlsysteme / Hübner, E. 3.2. Erfahrungen über die erreichbare Fluchtungsgenauigkeit mit Lasergeräten im Gelände / Freitag, P., Zschiesche, K. 3.3. Studium der Vibration und der Refraktion durch den Laser / Tlusty, J. 3.4. Beitrag zum Einfluß des systematischen Anteils der Luftturbulenz auf die Richtungsstabilität eines He-Ne-Laserstrahles in Erdbodennähe / Hübner, E. Empfehlungen , Beiträge zum Teil in deutscher, zum Teil in russischer Sprache , Text zum Teil in kyrillischer Schrift
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  • 61
    Call number: H M 434 ; AWI PY-83-1271
    In: Petrographie ; 1
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: S. 38 - 44 : Taf.
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  • 62
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
    Associated volumes
    Call number: Q 2453(II,28) ; MOP Per 581(2/28) ; ZSP-319/B-28
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre, Heft 28
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 136 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre 28
    Language: English
    Note: Content: Improvement of the coulometric measurement of ozone in the near-ground layer of the atmosphere / W. Warmbt. - Some experimental data on the variability of the ozone density at different level of the lowest atmosphere / A. G. Amiranashvili ; T. G. Gzirishvili ; A. I. Kartsivadse ; A. M. Okudjava ; D. F. Kharchilava ; K. H. Grasnick. - Report on the intercomparison of instruments measuring ozone near the ground at the Hohenpeissenberg Observatory / W. Warmbt. - Some results of ozone-sonde ascents in the CSSR / J. Picha. - A system of monitoring the observation and calibration qualities of Dobson spectrophotometerswithin the Regional Association VI / P. Plessing. - Vertical ozone distribution over Lindenberg (52.22°N, 14.12°E), 1975 - 1982 / U. Feister ; P. Plessing ; K. H. Grasnick. - Correlations of the total ozone with thermal and dynamic processes in the atmosphere / M. Frimescu ; L. Manea. - Numerical simulation of seasonal-latitudinal and 11-year variations in ozonosphere composition based on the two-dimensional photochemical model / I. G. Dyominov ; A. M. Zadorozhny. - Ozone content variation over central Europe and stratospheric dynamics in late winter / G. Entzian ; K. H. Grasnick. - Long-term ozone variation / G. Entzian ; K. H. Grasnick.
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  • 63
    Call number: Q 579(2) / Regal 52 ; AWI PY-1912-13
    In: Die Beobachtungs-Ergebnisse der deutschen Stationen
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: LVI, 523 S. : graph. Darst.+ 1 Kt.
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt: Inhalts-Verzeichniss. - Erklärung der Ansichten, Pläne und Kurven. - Berichtigungen. - EINLEITUNG. - Geschichtliches über die Süd-Expedition unter Dr. K. Schrader nach Süd-Georgien. - Einiges über die Umgebung der Station Süd-Georgien. - Geognostische Notizen über Süd-Georgien. - Botanische Notizen über die Insel Süd-Georgien. - Die Einrichtung der Station Süd-Georgien. - Verzeichniss der mitgegebenen wissenschaftlichen Ausrüstungs-Gegenstände. - Die astronomischen Beobachtungen an der Station. - Zeitbestimmungen. - Stände der Beobachtungsuhren und Instrumental-Fehler des Passagen-Instrumentes. - Bestimmung der geographischen Länge der Station. - Bestimmung der geographischen Länge der Station aus Mond-Kulminationen. - Bestimmung der geographischen Breite. - Polhöhen-Bestimmungen. - Azimut-Beobachtungen. - Gezeiten-Beobachtungen auf Süd-Georgien und in Kingua-Fjord. - Anwendung der harmonischen Analyse der Gezeiten-Beobachtungen auf kurze Beobachtungsreihen. - Hülfstafel zur Berechnung des gegenseitigen Einflusses der Tiden aufeinander. - Kingua-Fjord. - Süd-Georgien. - I. METEOROLOGISCHE BEOBACHTUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN STATION AUF SÜD-GEORGIEN. - Einleitung. - Erläuterungen zu den meteorologischen Tabellen der Station Süd-Georgien. - Meteorologische Tabellen. - Luftdruck. - Temperatur der Luft. - Bach-, Boden-, und Meeres-Temperatur. - Feuchtigkeit der Luft. - Richtung und Geschwindigkeit des Windes. - Menge, Form und Zug der Wolken, Hydrometeore, Niederschlagsmenge. - Monats- und Jahres-Übersicht. - Monats- und Jahresmittel des Luftdrucks. - Sprung's Barograph. - Monats- und Jahresmittel der Luft-Temperatur. - Tägliche Maxima und Minima nach den Angaben der Index-Thermometer. - Monats- und Jahresmittel der absoluten Feuchtigkeit der Luft. - Vertheilung der Windrichtungen nach Monaten und Jahreszeiten. - Tägliche und jährliche Periode der Windgeschwindigkeit in Meter per Sekunde. - Täglicher und jährlicher Gang der Bewölkung. - Häufigkeit der Hydrometeore. - Zug der oberen Wolken. - Allgemeine Übersicht der meteorologischen Beobachtungen der Station Süd-Georgien. - II. MAGNETISCHE BEOBACHTUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN STATION AUF SÜD-GEORGIEN. - Einleitung. - 1. Absolute Bestimmungen. - A. Beschreibung der benutzten Instrumente und angewandten Methoden. - B. Zusammenstellung der Konstanten und Reduktions-Formeln. - Deklination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - 1. Trägheits-Momente. - 2. Ablenkungs-Konstante k. - 3. Vergleich der Ablenkungen mit kleiner und grosser Nadel. - 4. Induktions-Koeffizienten. - 5. Temperatur-Koeffizienten. - 6. Berechnung der Konstanten der 4 Magnete. - Inklination. - C. Zusammenstellung der absoluten Messungen. - Deklination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - Inklination, 1. mit Nadel-Inklinatorium. - Inklination, 2. mit Erdinduktor. - 2. Veriations-Beobachtungen. - A. Beschreibung der Apparate und ihrer Aufstellung. - B. Ableitung der Konstanten und Reduktions-Formeln. - 1. Torsions-Verhältnisse. - 2. Skalenwerte. - A. Deklination. - B. Horizontal-Intensität. - C. Vertikal-Intensität. - C. Temperatur-Koeffizienten. - D. Normal-Punkte. - 1. Deklination. - 2. Horizontal-Intensität. - 3. Vertikal-Intensität. - Normal-Punkte der Variations-Apparate. - E. Verhalten der beiden Systeme. - Termin-Beobachtungen. - Stündliche Beobachtungen. - Deklination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - Vertikal-Intensität. - Abweichungen der stündlichen Mittelwerte vom Monatsmittel. - Störungs-Beobachtungen. - Einige Resultate der meteorologischen Beobachtungen der deutschen Station auf Süd-Georgien. - Häufigkeit einer Temperatur-Veränderung. - Luftdruck. - Wind. - Bewölkung und Hydrometeore. - Beobachtungen über Gletscher-Bewegung auf Süd-Georgien. - Beobachtungen aus dem magnetischen Observatorium der Kaiserlichen Marine in Wilhelmshaven. - Vorwort. - Die absoluten Bestimmungen. - 1. Deklination. - 2. Horizontal-Intensität. - 3. Inklination. - Termin-Beobachtungen. - A. Deklination. - B. Horizontal-Intensität. - C. Vertikal-Intensität. - Numerische Bestimmung der Reduktions-Koeffizienten. - Temperatur für das Variations-Instrument für Horizontal-Intensität. - Absolute Werte für die Normalpunkte, Temperatur-Koeffizienten. - Die stündlichen Beobachtungen. - Beschreibung der Instrumente. - Reduktions-Formeln für die Kurven des Unifilar- und des Bifilar-Magnetometers. - Absolute Werte für die Basislinien der Kurven. - Die tägliche Periode der magnetischen Elemente. - Tägliche Variation der magnetischen Elemente. - Anhang. - Über die Ablenkungskonstante bei den absoluten Bestimmungen der Horizontal-Intensität des Erdmagnetismus mittelst des Lamont'schen magnetischen Theodoliten. - Verzeichnis der Vorgänge auf der Sonne für die Monate August 1882 bis August 1883. - Die Termin-Beobachtungen dder Erdströme in den deutschen Telegraphen-Leitungen. - 1. Erdstrom-Beobachtungen in Leitungen mit Erdverbindungen. - 2. Erdstrom-Beobachtungen in vollständig metallisch geschlossenen Leitungen. - Polarlicht-Beobachtungen. - Aufzählung der an verschiedenen Orten der südlichen Hemisphäre beobachteten Polarlicht-Erscheinungen.
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  • 64
    Call number: Q 716 / Regal 53 ; AWI PY-4067-13,8
    In: The Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893 - 1896
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 90 S. : Ill.
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  • 65
    Call number: MOP Per 581 ; MOP Per 581(1/8) ; ZSP-319/A-1(Sonderheft) ; ZSP-319/A-1(Sonderheft, 2. Ex.)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1, Heft 8, Sonderheft 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 107 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Sonderheft des NKSCAR der DDR
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1 8
    Language: German , English
    Note: Inhalt: I. Zoologische Untersuchungen im Gebiet der sowjetischen Antarktisstation "Bellinghausen" / R. BANNASCH und K. ODENING. - II. Deuterium- und 18O-Variationen in Seen der Schirmacher-Oase (Ostantarktika) / W. RICHTER und G. STRAUCH. - III. Stable isotope investigations in Antarctica / H. SCHÜTZE, G. STRAUCH, K. WETZEL. - IV. The influence of degradation processes on the isotopic composition of Antarctic precipitation / R. DER. - V. Sommerliche Eisvariationen in der Olaf-Prydz-Bucht / H. GERNANDT. - VI. Zur Geologie des nördlichen Teils des Neptune Range / Pensacola-Gebirges (Antarktika) / W. WEBER und L. V. FEDOROV. - VII. Beobachtungen am Krill (Euphausia superba DANA) im atlantischen Sektor der Antarktis in der Sommersaison 1978 und 1979 / S. HOLZLÖHNER. - VIII. Forschungsreise eines Zubringertrawlers in die Antarktis / G. GUBSCH und U. HOFFMANN.
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  • 66
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Leipzig : VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 99.0015(418) ; ZSP-292-418
    In: Freiberger Forschungshefte, 418
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 75 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    ISBN: 3-342-00930-6
    ISSN: 0071-9409
    Series Statement: Freiberger Forschungshefte : C 418 : Geowissenschaften - Geologie
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Annotation (Annotation, Annotacija) 1. Einleitung 2. Tektonische Rayonierung Antarktikas 2. I. Der Ostantarktische Kraton (1) 2.1.1. Zentraler Geoblock (1.1.) 2.1.1.1. Enderby Land-Block (1.1.1) 2.1.1.2. Dronning Maud Land-Block (1.1.2) 2.1.1.3. Prince Charles Mountains-Block (1.1.3) 2. 1.2. Östlicher Geoblock (1.2) 2.1.2.1. Vestfold Block (1.2.1) 2.1.2.2. Wilkes Land-Block (1.2.2) 2. 1.2.3. Victoria Land-Block (1.2.3) 2.1.3. Westlicher Geoblock (1.3) 2.1.3.1. Maudheim-Block (1.3.1) 2.1.3.2. Shekleton Range-Block (1.3.2) 2.1.3.3. Thiel Mountains-Block (1.3.3) 2.2. Die jungproterozoisch-altpaläozoische Mobilzone der Transantarctic Mountains (2) 2.2.1. Südlicher Block (2.1) 2.2.2. Nördlicher Block (2.2) 2.2.3. Admirality Mountains-Block (2.3) 2.3. Die jungproterozoisch-paläozoische Mobilzonen der Pensacola und Ellsworth Mountains (3) 2.3.1. Pensacola Mountains-Block (3.1) 2.3.2. Ellsworth Mountains-Block (3.2) 2.4. Die paläozoisch-mesozoische Mobilzone Westantarktikas (4) 2.4.1. Marie Byrd Land-Block (4.1) 2.4.2. Thurston Island/Eights Coast-Block ( 4.2) 2.4.3. Antarctic Peninsula-Block (4.3) 2.5. Die jungen Sedimentbecken der Westantarktis (5) 2.5.1. Weddell Sea-Becken (5.1) 2.5.2. Byrd-Senke (5.2) 2.5.3. Ross Sea-Becken (5.3) 3. Minerogenetische Entwicklung Antarktikas 3. I. Archaische minerogenetische Hauptepoche ( 〉 2,6 Ga) 3.2. Proterozoische minerogenetische Hauptepoche (ca. 2,6 bisca. 0,8 Ga) 3.2.1. Unterproterozoische minerogenetische Epoche (ca. 2,6 bis ca. 2,0 Ga) 3.2.2. Mittel- bis oberproterozoische minerogenetische Epoche (ca. 2,0 bis ca. 0,8 Ga) 3.3. Spätriphäisch-phanerozoische minerogenetische Hauptepoche ( 〈0,8 Ga) 3.3.1. Spätriphäisch-altpaläozoische minerogenetische Epoche (ca. 0,8 Ga bis ca. 450 Mal 3.3.2. Paläozoisch-frühmesozoische minerogenetische Epoche (ca. 450 Ma bis ca. 150 M;l) 3.3.3. Mesozoisch-känozoische minerogenetische Epoche (ab. ca. 190 Ma) 4. Minerogenetische Einheiten Antarktikas 4.1. Archaische minerogenetische Einheiten 4.1.1. Archaische hochmetamorphe Areale 4.1.2. Archaische Grünstein-Granit-Gürtel 4.2. Proterozoische minerogenetische Provinzen . 4.2.1. Tafeldeckgebirgskomplexe 4.2.2. Aktivierte Grundgebirgseinheiten 4.2.3. Intrakontinentale mobile Gürtel 4.3. Riphäisch-phanerozoische minerogenetische Einheiten 4.3.1. Tafeldeckgebirgs-Provinzen 4.3.2. Aktivierte Grundgebirgseinheiten 4.3.2.1. Provinzen spätriphäisch-altpaläozoischer Aktivierung 4.3.2.2. Provinzen mesozoischer Aktivierung 4.3.2.3. Provinzen känozoischer Aktivierung 4.3.3. Intrakontinentale Tröge und Senken 4.3.3.1. Spätriphäisch-altpaläozoische Tröge 4.3.3.2. Intrakontinentales Ellsworth-Orogen 4.3.3.3. Tafelsenken des Victoria und des Wilkes Lands 4.3.3.4. Minerogenetische Provinzen junger Rift- und Spaltenzonen 4.3.3.4.1. Transantarktische Riftzone 4.3.3.4.2. Lambert Glacier-Riftzone des paläozoischemesozoischen Plattenrandes 4.3.3.4.3. Brainsfield-Riftzone 4.3.4. Passive Plattenränder 4.3.5. Aktive Plattenränder 4.3.5.1. Minerogenetische Provinzen des spätriphäisch-frühpaläozoischen Plattenrandes 4.3.5.2. Minerogenetische Provinzen des mittelpaläozoischen Plattenrandes 4.3.5.3. Minerogenetische Provinzen des paläozoisch-mesozoischen Plattenrandes 4.3.5.4. Minerogenetische Provinzen des meso-känozoischen Plattenrandes 5.Zusammenfassung. Abstract, Rezjume Literaturverzeichnis
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  • 67
    Call number: SR 99.0015(335) ; ZSP-292-335
    In: Freiberger Forschungshefte, 335
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 145 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Series Statement: Freiberger Forschungshefte : C 335 : Geowissenschaften
    Language: German
    Note: Enthält auch: Methode und Anleitung zur weitgehend objektiven Ermittlung der Varietäten humifizierter Xylite unserer Weichbraunkohlen : Vortrag zum Berg- u. Hüttenmännischen Tag 1976 in Freiberg / von Gerhard Roselt
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  • 68
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Leipzig : Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 99.0015(409) ; ZSP-292-409
    In: Freiberger Forschungshefte, 409
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 54 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    ISBN: 3-342-00920-9
    ISSN: 0071-9409
    Series Statement: Freiberger Forschungshefte : C 409 : Geowissenschaften - Geologie
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Annotation (Annotation, Annotacija) 1. Einführung 1.1. Politische Grundlagen 1.2. Rohstoffspekulationen 2. Grundzüge der Tektonik und Mineragenie der Antarktis 2.1. Geotektonische Epochen 2.2. Tektonisch-minerogenetische Rayonierung 3. Vorkommen fester mineralischer Rohstoffe 3.1. Metallische Rohstoffe 3.1.1. Schwarzmetalle 3.1.1.1. Eisen 3.1.1.2. Mangan 3.1.1.3. Chrom, Nickel, Kobalt, Vanadium, Titan 3.1.1.4. Molybdän, Wolfram 3.1.2. Buntmetalle 3.1.2.1. Kupfer 3.1.2.2. Blei, Zink 3.1.2.3. Zinn 3.1.3. Edelmetalle (Silber, Gold, Platin) 3.1.4. Sonstige Metalle 3.2. Nichtmetallische Rohstoffe 3.2.1. Edel- und Schmucksteine 3.2.2. Glimmer 3.2.3. Feuerfestminerale 3.2.4. Phosphat 3.2.5. Fluorit, Baryt 3.2.6. Graphit. 3.2.7. Schwefel 4. Kohlenvorkommen 5. Kohlenwasserstoff-Vorkommen 6. Geothermische Energie 7. Süßwasser(Eis)-Vorräte 8. Schlußfolgerungen 9. Danksagung . 10. Zusammenfassung (Summary, Rezjume) Literaturverzeichnis Tabellen 1 bis 8
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  • 69
    Call number: SR 99.0015(371) ; ZSP-292-371
    In: Freiberger Forschungshefte, 371
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 117 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    ISSN: 0071-9404
    Series Statement: Freiberger Forschungshefte : C 371 : Geowissenschaften - Geologie
    Language: German
    Note: Enthält 3 Beiträge , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Annotation Tektonische Untersuchungen in den Herbert Mountains (Shackleton Range, Antarktika) / Joachim Hofmann Beitrag zur Geologie des Pensacola-Gebirges (Antarktika) / Wolfgang Weber Tektonische Untersuchungen in der Patuxent-Formation der Schmidt Hills (Pensacola Mts. (Antarktika)) / Joachim Hofmann und V. V. Samsonov
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  • 70
    Call number: 91.0851 ; MOP Per 581(3/3) ; ZSP-319/C-3
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Nr. 3
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 77 Seiten
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 3
    Language: English , English
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis = Contents Inhalt = Contents Vorwort = Foreword A. Seismologie = A. Seismology B. Physik des oberen Erdmantels = B. Physics of the Upper Mantle of the Earth C. Gravimetrie, Geodäsie, Erdgezeiten und rezente Erdkrustenbewegungen = C. Gravimetry, Geodesy, Tides of the Earth and Recent Movements of the Earth' s Crust. D. Magnetismus = D. Magnetism E. Theorie und Berechnungsanlagen = E. Theory and· Computers F. Tiefbohrungen für wissenschaftliche Zwecke = F. Deep Drilling for Scientific Purposes G. Petrologie = G. Petrology H. Tektonik = H. Tectonics J. Geochemie = J. Geochemistry , Text deutsch und englisch
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  • 71
    Call number: AWI PY-1895-13,2 ; AWI PY-1895-13,2(2. Ex.)
    In: Observations faites au Cap Thordsen, Spitzberg, par l'expédition suedoise
    Description / Table of Contents: Content: Aurores boreales / par Carlheim-Gyllenskiöld. - Électricité atmosphérique / par S. A. Andrée. - Phénomènes optiques de l'atmosphère, avec quelques remarques sur les Étoiles filantes, le spectre des Copépodes, l'accroissement des brins d'orge / par Carlheim-Gyllenskiöld. - Recherches sur le prétendu changement de la couleur de la peau après un hivernage dans les régions polaires / exécutées par R. Gyllencreutz, communiquées par Frithiof Holmgren.
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: getr. Zählung : Abb., Kt.
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  • 72
    Call number: AWI PY-1895-13,1 ; AWI PY-1895-13,1(2. Ex.)
    In: Observations faites au Cap Thordsen, Spitzberg, par l'expédition suedoise
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: getr. Zählung : Abb., Kt.
    Note: Content: Introduction historique / par Nils Ekholm. - Observations astronomiques, géodésiques et marégraphiques / par Nils Ekholm. - Appendice: Reconnaissances géographiques / par H. Stjernspetz. - Observations météorologiques / par Nils Ekholm. - Magnétisme terrestre / par E. Solander.
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  • 73
    Call number: AWI PY-1789-13
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 76 S.
    Note: Table des Matières: Avant-propos. - Introduction. - 1. Valeur normale de la déclinaison. - 2. Coefficients de réduction pour le variomètre de l'intensité horizontale. - 3. Déterminations absolues de l'intensité horizontale. - 4. Observations de variations; leur réduction en valeurs absolues. - 5. Tableaux des observations de variations. - 6. Notes et remarques. - 7. Comparaison des observations a Upsala avec celles d'autres stations. - Variation diurne régulière.
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  • 74
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    Call number: AWI PY-1897-13,1-2
    In: Observations faites aux stations de Sodankylä et de Kultala
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des matières: TOME 1 MÉTÉOROLOGIE. - Introduction. - Observation météorologique. - Pression atmosphérique. - Température de l'air. - Température sur le sol. - Température du sol: 1° à 0,4 m., 2° à 0,8 m. et 3° à 1,6 m. de profondeur. - Humidité de l'air. - Direction et vitesse du vent. - Nébulosité, forme et direction des nuages, hydrométéores. Eau tombée. - Evaporation de l'eau douce. - Température sur le sol et à 6 cm. de profondeur. - Température de l'eau de la rivière. - Remarque diverses; couches des nuages à hauteur différente. - Observations météorologiques de l'année 1883-84 faites à Sodankylä. - Remarques diverses 1883-84. - Observations météorologiques faites à Kultala. - Remarques diverses. - Aperçu général de moyennes mensuelles et de variations diurnes: variation de la pression atmosphérique, de la température de l'air, de la température sur le sol, de l'humidité de l'air, de la vitesse du vent, de la nébulosité et de l'eau tombée. - Fréquence des vents. - Les années 1882 - 83 et 1883 - 84 au point de vue météorologique. - TOME 2 MAGNÉTISME TERRESTRE. - Déterminations magnétiques absolues. - Observations des variations magnétiques. - Réduction des observations en valeurs absolues. - Déterminations des constants pour les instruments de variation à Kultala. - Déterminations magnétiques absolues faites à quelques endroits pendant le voyage. - Remarques sur les tableaux. - Observations mangnétiques 1882-1883. - Déclinaison. - Intensité horizontale. - Intensité verticale. - Observations-termes magnétiques 1882-1883. - Variations des éléments magnétiques pendant les jours termes. - Observations faites de 20 secondes en 20 sec. pendant les jours termes. - Observations magnétiques 1883-1884. - Observations horaires des éléments magnétiques à 5h a. m., 1h p. m. et 9h p. m. temps moyen de Göttingue. - Observations-termes magnétiques 1883-1884. - Variations des éléments magnétiques pendant les jours termes. - Variations des éléments magnétiques observées chaque demi-minute de 8h 30m à 10h 30m p. m. le 1er, 8me, 15me et 22me du chaque mois. - Variations des éléments magnétiques observées chaque demi-minute pendant une heure au soir avant les jour-termes suivantes: 1 janvier de 6h à 7h p.m., 14 janvier 7h-8h p. m., 31 janvier 8h-9h p. m., 14 février 9h-10h p. m., 29 février 10h-11h p. m. et 14 mars 11h-12h p. m. - Perturbations magnétiques observées. - Observations magnétique faites à Kultala. - Tableaux des variations magnétiques diurnes observées pendant les jours sans perturbations, conformément au projet de M. Wild. - Planches. - 1. Courbes représentant les moyennes des variations magnétiques diurnes pendant les jours sans perturbations, conformément au projet de M. Wild. - 2. Suite de courbes précédentes et courbes représentant les moyennes des moyennes précédentes.
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  • 75
    Call number: SR 99.0015(412) ; ZSP-292-412
    In: Freiberger Forschungshefte, 412
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 68 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    ISBN: 3-342-00923-3
    ISSN: 0071-9409
    Series Statement: Freiberger Forschungshefte : C 412 : Geowissenschaften, Geologie
    Language: German
    Note: Beitrag zur Geologie der Hutton Mountains und der Guettard Range (Palmer Land, Antarktische Halbinsel) : Teilnahme an der 29. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition 1984 ; vorläufige Mitteilung / Wolfgang Weber, Karin Rank
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  • 76
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    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
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    Call number: Q 2434(15) ; MOP Per 581(1/15) ; ZSP-319/A-15
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1, Heft 15
    In: Antarctic research / edited by H.-J. Paech, D. Fritzsche, Vol. 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 280 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7577
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1 15
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Volume I Earth Sciences. - Geological research of the German Democratic Republic in Antarcitca - a review / J. Hofrnann ; H.-J. Paech ; D. Fritzsche. - Structural evolution of the Ross Sea depression and the adjacent Transantarctic Mountains (Abstract) / F. Tessensohn. - Evolutionary types of sedimentary basins of the continental margin, Antarctica (Abstract) / V. V. Traube. - Age determination on detrital zircons of West Antarctica - A contribution to the reconstruction of Gondwana / W. P. Loske ; H. Miller. - Geological relations between Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica and South India / W. Stackebrandt. - The Proterozoic evolution of New Schwabenland and its correlation with the southern part of Africa (Abstract) / K. Weber ; N. Arndt ; J. Jacobs ; M. Peters. - Stratigraphy, metamorphism and nappe-tectonics in the Shackleton Range (Antarctica) / W. Buggisch ; G. Kleinschmid t; H. Kreuzer ; S. Krumm. - Comments on 'Stratigraphy, metamorphics and nappetectonics in the Shackleton Range (Antarctica)' by Buggisch, W. et al. / H.-J. Paech. - The Lambert Rift development in East Antarctica - a review (Abstract) / J. Hofmann. - Sedimentological investigations in Permian deposits of the Beaver Lake area (Prince Charles Mts., East Antarctica) - First results / M. Mann. - Contributions to the geology of the south eastern Antarctic Peninsula (Abstract) / K.-P. Stanek ; W. Weber ; K. Rank ; K. Hahne. - Geological history of western Queen Maud Land / H.-J. Paech ; A. A. Laiba ; O. G. Shulyatin. - Late Proterozoic microbiota from the Turnpike Bluff Group, Shackleton Range (Abstract) / B. Weber. - Proterozoic fossil content in the Ahlmarmryggen Group, western Queen Maud Land: first preliminary results / B. Weber ; H.-J. Paech. - Geological evolution of the Schirmacher Oasis inclusively surrounding nunataks and the Central Wohlthat Massif (Abstract) / H. Kämpf et al. - Geological setting of the nunataks area south of the Schirmacher Oasis, Central Queen Maud Land / H.-U.Wetzel ; W. Stackebrandt ; K. Hahne. - Mineralizations in Central Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / H. Kämpf et al. - The petrographic characteristics of metamorphics in Queen Maud Land / G. Andrehs ; K. Adam. - Geochemical studies of tillites and boulders in Central Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / K. Hahne et al. - Oxygen isotope geochemistry of pegmatites from a high-grade metamorphic terrain (Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica): Preliminary results / Yu. A. Borshchevskiy et al. - Geodetical activities in the vicinity of the Georg Forster Station - Continuation of geodetic research tradition of the GDR in Antarctica / R. Dietrich ; R. Frey ; W. Korth. - Polar lights above the GDR Antarctic station "Georg Forster" (Abstract) / A. Grafe ; C. Kopsch. - Geomagnetical survey of the Schirmacher Oasis and its surroundings / St. Wagner ; C. Kopsch. - Effective offline-processing of complex geomagnetic and ionospheric data / St. Wagner ; V. Strecke. - A new measuring system for registration of geophysical signals on "Georg Forster" based on a 16-bit-multiprocessor structure (Abstract) / R.Rochlitzer Geomagnetic measuring techniques in Antarctica, both in field and stationary operation / C.Kopsch. - Atmospheric Sciences. - Antarctic research on the atmosphere and solar-terrestrial physics / M. J. Rycroft. - The polar ozone depletion in spring as a response to lower stratospheric changes in dynamics and chemistry / H. Gernandt ; P. Gloede. - Ground based aerosol optical thickness measurements in Antarctica from 1984/85 to 1988/89 / U. Leiterer ; A. Herber. - Some problems of the Atmospheric circulation over Antarctica / V. I. Zachariev. - Some results of middle atmosphere research Antarctica, Molodoshnaya station (Abstract) / I. N. Ivanova ; G. A. Kokin ; E. V. Lysenko et al.
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  • 77
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    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/34 ; ZSP-319/C-34 ; MOP Per 581(3/34)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, 34
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 18 Seiten
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 34
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT 1. Allgemeines 1.1. Vorbemerkungen 1.2. Station Wostok 1.2.1. Beschreibung der Station 1.2.2. Allgemeine Arbeiten 1.2.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten 1.3. Südpolarobservatorium Mirny 1.3.1. Beschreibung der Station 1.3.2. Allgemeine Arbeiten 1.3.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten 2. Astronomisch-geodätische Arbeiten 2.1. Aufgabenstellung 2.2. Vorbereitung der Arbeiten 2.3. Arbeiten in der Station Wostok 2.3.1. Organisation des Arbeitsablaufs 2.3.2. Zeitvergleiche, Zeitbewahrung 2.3.3. Bestimmung der geographischen Breite 2.3.4. Bestimmung der geographischen Länge 2.3.5. Ergänzungsbeobachtungen 2.3.6. Ergebnisse 2.4. Arbeiten im Observatorium Mirny 2.4.1. Vorbereitung der Beobachtungen 2.4.2. Durchführung der Breitenbestimmungen 2.4.3. Ergebnisse
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  • 78
    Call number: Q 2435/37 ; ZSP-319/C-37 ; MOP Per 581(3/37)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 37
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 191 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten , 1 Karte
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 37
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Berge der Deutsch-Sowjetischen Freundschaft : Antarktika Enderby-Land = Gory Nemecko-Sovetskoj Družby : Antarktika Zemlja Ėnderbi 〈1 : 10 000〉 , Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Rezjume Abstract Teil I: Allgemeiner Teil 1. Arbeitsprogramm und Arbeitsgebiet (S. MEIER) 1.1. Arbeitsprogramm 1.2. Meßmethoden 1.3. Hauptarbeitsgebiet Hays-Gletscher 1.4. Lokale Eiskappe von Molodežnaja 1.5. Vergleichsobjekt Campbell-Gletscher 2. Expeditionsverlauf (K. DRESZLER) 3. Ausrüstung (K. DRESZLER) 4. Klimatische Bedingungen (K. DRESZLER) Teil II: Meßverfahren und -ergebnisse 1. Geodätische und kartographische Grundlagen 1.1. Festpunkte (R. EGER) 1.2. Kartenunterlagen (K. DRESZLER) 2. Geodätisch-glaziologische Traverse 2.1. Erkundung und Signalisierung (S. MEIER} 2.1.1. Verlauf der Traverse 2.1.2. Erkundung, Punktabstand 2.1.3. Signalisierung 2.2. Lagemessung und trigonometrische Höhenübertragung 2.2.1. Streckenmessung 2.2.2. Winkelmessung 2.2.3. Technologischer Ablauf 2.2.4. Auswertung der Messungsergebnisse 2.3. Astronomische Beobachtungen (R. DIETRICH) 2.4. Deformationsraten (S. MEIER) 2.5. Barometrisches Höhenprofil (R. DIETRICH) 2.5.1. Zielstellung 2.5.2. Das Meßverfahren 2.5.3. Diskussion der Fehlereinflüsse 2.5.3.1. Fehler im angenommenen theoretischen Modell 2.5.3.2. Fehler bei der praktischen Messung 2.5.4. Ergebnisse 2.6. Oberflächenneigungen (S. MEIER) 2.7. Photogrammetrische Geländeaufnahmen (K. DRESZLER) 2.7.1. Zunge des Hays-Gletschers 2.7. 2. Einzugsgebiet des Hays-Gletschers 2.8. Glaziologische Arbeiten (S. MEIER) 2.8.1. Ziel der Feldarbeiten 2.8.2. Pegelablesungen 2.8.3. Überblick über Firnaufgrabungen. Firnschichtung 2.8.4. Dichtemessungen 2.8.5. Firntemperaturmessungen 2.8.6. Akkumulationsraten und -profile 2.8.7. Oberflächenbeobachtungen 3. Bewegungsmessungen am Hays- und Campbell-Gletscher 3.1. Photogrammetrjsche Bewegungsmessungen am Hays- und Campbell-Gletscher (K. DRESZLER) 3.2. Auswertung photogrammetrischer Bewegungsmessungen (S. MEIER) 3.2.1. Auswerteziel 3.2.2. Auswertefolge 3.2.3. Besonderheiten 3.2.4. Ergebnisse 3.2.5. Meßfehler 3.3. Trigonometrische Bewegungsmessungen am Campbell-Gletscher (R. EGER) 4. Eisdickenmessungen und Meereslotungen 4.1. Ergebnisse von Radarsondierungen (Messung V. I. CUDAKOV) G. W. TREPOV, Bearbeitung S. MEIER) 4.2. Ergebnisse von Gravimetermessungen (Messung N.D. TRETJAKOV, Bearbeitung C. OELSRER) 4.3. Drahtlotung Spooner-Bucht (S. MEIER) 5. Sonderarbeiten 5.1. Results of meteorological Observations at Camp Abendberg and during the oversnow traverses (E. KAUP) 5.1.1. Meteorological observations at Camp Abendberg 5.1.2. Meteorological Observations during the oversnow traverses 5.2. Küstennahe Ablation und temperierte Firnschicht (S. MEIER) 5.3. Analyse der Sedimentprobe vom Boden der Spooner-Bucht (J. ELIDBERG, F. FALK) 5.4. Refraktionsbeobachtungen (R. EGER) 5.4.1. Beobachtungsprogramm 5.4.2. Beobachtungsergebnisse 5.5. Untersuchungen zur barometrischen Höhenbestimmung von Einzelpunkten (R. DIETRICH) 5.5.1. Einführung 5.5.2. Beobachtungsverfahren und -geräte 5.5.3. Auswertungsmethode 5.5.4. Ergebnisse 5.5.5. Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerungen 5.6. Topographische Aufnahme der Berge der Deutsch-Sowjetischen Freundschaft (K. DRESZLER) 5.6.1. Allgemeine Beschreibung 5.6.2. Topographische Aufnahme 5.6.3. Photogrammetrische Auswertung 5.6.4. Kartographische Arbeiten (H. BRUNNER) 5.6.5. Ergebnis Teil IIIa Glaziologische Ergebnisse der Feldarbeiten (S. MEIER) 1. Topographie und Orographie 1.1. Topographie der Eisoberfläche 1.2. Topographie des Felsuntergrundes. Eisdicken 1.3. Abflußgebiete. Gletschergrenzen 1.4. Frontlagen und -höhen 2. Eisbewegung und Deformation 2.1. Frühere Beobachtungen am Hays- und Campbell-Gletscher 2.2. Geschwindigkeitsfeld Hays-Gletscher 2.3. Querkontraktion und Längsdilatation 2.4. Zeitliche Bewegungsschwankungen 2.5. Bewegung der schwimmenden Zunge und Kalbungsrhythmus 2.6. Geschwindigkeit und Kalbungsrhythmus des Campbell-Gletschers 3. Eigenschaften des Oberflächenfirns 3.1. Temperaturen und Temperaturgradienten 3.2. Dichte, Härte, Schichtung 3.3. Vorherrschende Winde und Schneedrift 4. Komponenten des Massenhaushalts 4.1. Schneeakkumulation 1972 4.2. Schneeablation 1972/73 4.3. Eisausstoß 5. Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerungen Literatur Anlagen Kartenbeilage , Zusammenfassung in russischer Sprache , Text teilweise in kyrillischer Schrift , Beiträge teilweise in deutscher, teilweise in englischer Sprache
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  • 79
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    Call number: Q 2435/20 ; ZSP-319/C-20 ; MOP Per 581(3/20)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 20
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 79 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 20
    Language: German
    Note: Zugl.: Habilitation, Technische Universität Dresden, 1969 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 2. Historische Entwicklung des Zirkumzenitals 2.1. Vor- und Anfangsstadien der Almukantaratdurchgangsinstrumente 2.1.1. Das Nadirinstrument von BECK 2.1.2. Das Prismenastrolabium von CLAUDE und DRIENCOURT 2.1.3. Anfangsstadien des Zirkumzenitals von NUŠL und FRIČ 2.2. Das Zirkumzenital Modell 1922 2.2.1. Beschreibung 2.2.2. Das Spiegelsystem 2.2.3. Mikrometer zur Registrierung der Durchgangszeit 2.2.3.1. Vorbemerkung 2.2.3.2. Vorschläge von NUŠL und FRIČ 2.2.3.3. Das Mikrometer von BUCHAR 2.2.3.4. Die Modifikation von BAUERŠIMA und ŠURÁŇ 3. Theorie der Beobachtung von Almukantaratdurchgängen 3.1. Bedeutung der wichtigsten Symbole 3.2. Ableitung der Fehlergleichung 3.3. Auflösung der Normalgleichung 3.4. Das Gewicht einer Beobachtung 3.5. Fehlerberechnung 3.6. Differentialformeln 3.7. Korrektionen und Fehlereinflüsse 3.7.1. Vorbemerkung 3.7.2. Krümmung des Parallelkreises 3.7.3. Krümmung des Almukantarats 3.7.4. Fehlerhafte Justierung 4. Das Dresdner Zirkumzenital 4.1. Das Grundgerät 4.1.1. Allgemeine Beschreibung 4.1.2. Der Spiegelträger 4.1.3. Toleranzen und Eigenschaften der mechanischen Bauteile 4.1.4. Theoretische Forderungen an die Optik und deren Realisierung 4.1.5. Justierung des optischen Systems 4.2. Prinzipielle Überlegungen zur Registrierung der Durchgangszeit 4.2.1. Vorbemerkung 4.2.2. Zeitregistrierung ohne Mikrometer 4.2.3. Mikrometrische Zeitregistrierung 4.3. Zeitregistrierung nach der Lichtblitzmethode 4.3.1. Vorbemerkung 4.3.2. Die Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.2.1. Ingenieurpsychologische Vorüberlegungen 4.3.2.2. Optischer Teil der Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.2.3. Elektrischer Teil der Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.3. Fehlerbetrachtung 4.3.3.1. Systematische Fehler 4.3.3.2. Zufällige Fehler 4.3.4. Technologie der Lichtblitzmethode 4.3.5. Berechnung der Durchgangszeit 4.4. Mikrometrische Zeitregistrierung 4.4.1. Vorbemerkung 4.4.2. Prinzip des Dresdner Mikrometers 4.4.3. Kontaktgabeeinrichtung 4.4.3.1. Mechanischer Kontaktgeber 4.4.3.2. Fotoelektrischer Impulsgeber 4.4.4. Fehler und Konstanten des Mikrometers 4.4.5. Ermittlung der Durchgangszeiten 5. Praktische Erprobung des Zirkumzenitals 5.1. Die Beobachtungen 5.1.1. Die Beobachtungsstation 5.1.2. Das Sternprogramm 5.1.3. Übersicht der Beobachtungen 5.2. Die Auswertung 5.3. Zusammenstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.3.1. Die Ergebnisse der Beobachtungen 5.3.2. Statistische Beurteilung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.4. Schlußfolgerungen für den Einsatz des Zirkumzenitals 6. Zusammenfassung Literatur
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  • 80
    Call number: H M 205 ; AWI PY-88-0284
    In: Petrographie, 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: S. 47 - 75 : Ill, Taf.
    Language: German
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  • 81
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    Call number: Q 2435/23 ; ZSP-319/C-23 ; MOP Per 581(3/23)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 23
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT 1. Allgemeiner Teil 1.1. Anreise nach Wostok 1.2. Die Station Wostok 1.2.1. Lage und Beschreibung der Station 1.2.2. Meteorologische Verhältnisse 1.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten an der Station Wostok 1.3.1. Personalbestand und Aufgaben 1.3.2. Untersuchungen solarterrestrischer Beziehungen 1.3.3. Meteorologische und aerologische Untersuchungen 1.3.4. Astronomisch-geodätisch-geophysikalische Untersuchungen 1.3.5. Medizinische Forschungsarbeiten 1.4. Stationsleben während der Überwinterung 1.4.1. Allgemeiner Ablauf der Überwinterung 1.4.2. Unterkunft und Arbeitsplatz 1.4.3. Ernährung 1.4.4. Medizinische Betreuung und Gesundheitsschutz 1.4.5. Hygiene und Arbeitsschutz 1.4.6. Arbeitseinsätze 1.4.7. Freizeit 1.4.8. Verbindung nach Mirny und der DDR 1.5. Die Ausrüstung 1.6. Rückreise 2. Fachlicher Teil 2.1. Problemstellung 2.2. Vorbereitung der Expedition 2.3. Vorbereitende Arbeiten an der Station Wostok 2.3.1. Anlegung der Meßräume 2.3.2. Einrichtung der Meßräume 2.3.3. Beheizung der Meßhütte 2.3.4. Vorbereitung und Aufstellung der Meßinstrumente 2.4. Die Gezeitenmessungen 2,4.1. Messungen der Schweregezeiten 2.4.2. Messungen der Lotschwankungen 2.4.3. Zur Frage von Wiederholungsmessungen 2.5. Schwereanschlußmessungen Mirny - Wostok 2.5.1. Aufgabenstellung 2.5.2. Ausführung der Verbindungsmessungen 3. Literatur
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  • 82
    Call number: Q 2435/21 ; ZSP-319/C-21 ; MOP Per 581(3/21)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 21
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 64 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 21
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT Die Erdkruste der Ukraine und einige Gesetzmäßigkelten ihres Baus / SOLLOGUB, V. B. Experimentelle Ergebnisse der seismischen Tiefensondierungen auf dem Profil V in Polen / UCHMANN, J. Auswerteverfahren und erste Interpretationsergebnisse auf dem NW-Teil des Profils VI / KNOTHE, Ch. Information über Ergebnisse der seismischen Tiefensondierungen in der ČSSR in den Jahren 1968 und 1969 / BERANEK, B. Erforschung der Erdkruste in Ungarn / MITUCH, E., STEGENA, L., POSGAY, K., TÁRCZY-HORNOCH, A. Stand und einige Resultate der Erdkrustenuntersuchungen in der VR Bulgarien mit Hilfe von STS / DAČEV, Ch., PETKOV, I., VELČEV, C. Geschwindigkeitsmodell der Erdkruste und Methoden zu ihrer Erforschung / PAVLENKOVA, N. I. Über die dynamischen Eigenschaften der seismischen Wellen in Modellen der Erdkruste mit Schichten erniedrigter und erhöhter Geschwindigkeiten / GUTERCH, A.
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  • 83
    Call number: Q 2435/39 ; ZSP-319/C-39
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, 39
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 180 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 39
    Language: German , English
    Note: Inhalt Vorwort 1. Beiträge zu den geologisch orientierten Arbeitsgruppen 4, 7, 9 1.1. OLSZAK, G.: Zur strukturellen Umformung der Erdkruste bei der Entwicklung regionaler tektonischer Elemente 1.2. PAECH, H.-J.: Kurzer Tätigkeitsbericht über geologische Arbeiten in der westlichen Antarktis (Shackleton Range) 1.3. JUBITZ, K.-B.: Die Entwicklung des Amadeus-Beckens in Zentralaustralien - Beckendynamik im Bereich alter Tafeln 1.4. TESCHKE, H.-J.: Sarmato-Turan-Lineament 1.5. SCHROEDER, E.: Probleme der Entwicklung und des Baues der Varisziden in Mitteleuropa und im Gebiet der UdSSR 1.6. SOHROEDER, E.: Beiträge zur vergleichenden Analyse tektonischer Strukturen im Variszikum des Südurals und Mitteleuropas 1.7. SCHWAB, G.; BENEK, R.; BRÜCKNER, W.; JUBITZ, K.-B.; LUDWIG, A.; MEIER, R.; NÖLDEKE, W.; STOLL, A.; TESCHKE, H.-J.: Beckendynamik der Norddeutsch-Polnischen Senke - Paläomobilität im Bereich einer jungen Tafel (Fortschrittsbericht) 1.8. JUBITZ, K.-B.; TESCHKE, H.-J.: Das IGCP-Projekt 86 "SW-Rand der Osteuropäischen Tafel" und seine Beziehungen zum Geodynamik-Projekt 1.9. KRAUSS, M.: Ein Beitrag zur paläotektonischen Abgrenzung, Gliederung und Entwicklung des westlichen Teils der Osteuropäischen Plattform während des Paläozoikum (Gebiet Dänemark - Baltikum) 1.10. LÜTZNER, H.: Sedimentation, Vulkanismus und Tektonik der variazischen Innenmolasse im Thüringer Wald - Studien zur Paläomobilität im Übergangsstockwerk zwischen Geosynklinal- und Tafeletappe im Gebiet der DDR 1.11. LÄCHELT, S.: Geologisch-tektonisch-magmatische Entwicklung und metallogenetische Prozesse 1.12. KRAMER, W.: Zu einigen basischen magmatischen Formationen im Gebiet der DDR und deren geotektonischer sowie metallegenetischer Bedeutung 1.13. RÖSLER, H.J.; WERNER, C.-D.: Variazische Initialmagmatite Mitteleuropas 1.14. BENEK, R.: Vulkanit-Formationen als Indikatoren der Krustenfelderung bzw. unterschiedlichen Mobilitätsverhaltens 1.15. BANKWITZ, P.: Überblick über Magmatismus und Metamorphose im Altpaläozoikum Mittel- und Westeuropas 1.16. LÄCHELT, S.: Beziehungen zwischen der Blocktektonik, dem Magmatismus und der endogenen Metallogenie im mitteleuropäischen Raum 1.17. PAECH, H.-J.: Zum Ablauf tektogener Deformationen im mitteleuropäischen Variszikum 1.18. BANKWITZ, P.; BANKWITZ, E.; FRISCHBUTTER, A.: Zur Tektonik des Präkambriums der Elbezone und ihres Rahmens 1.19. BENEK, R.; FRISCHBUTTER, A.; NEUMANN, W.: Methodische Arbeiten im Kristallin des Baikal-Riftes 1.20. NEUMANN, W.: Paläogeographie und Paläotektonik des Nossen-Wilsdruffer Schiefergebirges (Saxothuringikum im Bereich des Zentralsächsischen Lineamentes) 1.21. LUDWIG, A.O.: Paläogeographie und Paläotektonik des Saxen von Mitteleuropa 1.22. MEIER, R.: Halogenese und Beckendynamik 1.23. BANKWITZ, P.; BANKWITZ, E.: Geologische Interpretation rezenter Krustenbewegungen Osteuropas 1.24. LUDWIG, A.O.: Zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Quartärforschung im südlichen Ostseeraum - Paläogeographie, Neotektonik, Aussagen zur Paläotektonik 1.25. ELLENBBRG, J.; FALK, F.; GRUMBT, E.; LÜTZNER, H.: Methodik der Untersuchungen von Molassen 1.26. NEUMANN, W.: Geologisches Modell zur Interpretation des tiefenseismischen NW - SE-Profils zwischen Granulit- und Erzgebirge 2. Beiträge zu der geophysikalisch-geodätisch orientierten Arbeitsgruppe 5 2.1. BÖLSCHE, J.; KRESSER, K.-D.: Erste Ergebnisse reflexionsseismischer Tiefenerkundung auf einem Profil von 30 km Länge im Süden der DDR 2.2. GRÄSSL, S.; HURTIG, E.; GRÜNTHAL, G.: Untersuchungen zum Bau der Erdkruste mit Hilfe seismischer Dreikomponentenregistrierungen 2.3. SCHULZE, A.: Untersuchungen zur Auflösung von Interferenzstrukturen seismischer Wellen mit Hilfe von Polarisationsfiltern 2.4. GROSSER, H.: Einfluß der Geometrie seismischer Punktwellen auf den Spektralinhalt des Wellenfeldes 2.5. STILLER, H.; WAGNER, F.C.; VOLLSTÄDT, H.: Die Geschwindigkeiten elastischer Wellen im klüftigen Gestein und in Erdbebengebieten 2.6. GRÜNTHAL, G.; HURTIG, E.: Zur .makroseismischen Auswertung des Friaul-Erdbebens vom 6. Mai 1976 auf dem Territorium der DDR 2.7. NEUNHÖFER, H.: Observation of microearthquakes in the Vogtland region since 1962 2.8. MAAZ, R.: Zur Statistik von Erdbeben 2.9. ELSTNER, CL.; HARNISCH, G.; ALTMANN, W.: Präzisionsgravimetrische Messungen auf der W - E-Linie der DDR 1970-76 2.10. FISCHER, H.; NEUBERT, R.: Instrumentelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Laser-Satellitenentfernungsmessung 2.11. MONTAG, H.; GENDT, G.: Zur Untersuchung geodynamischer Parameter mit Hilfe von Satellitenbeobachtungen 2.12. JOCHMANN, H.: Betrachtungen zur Variation einiger Parameter der Polbewegung 2.13. HÖPFNER, J.: Untersuchungen von Amplituden- und Phasenänderungen der CHANDLER-, Jahres- und Halbjahreswelle 2.14. ARNOLD, K.: Einige Betrachtungen zum Auftreten und zur Bedeutung von Lateralinhomogenitäten der Dichte im Erdinneren 2.15. WALZER, U.: Report on mantle convection 2.16. SEIPOLD, U.: Messungen der thermischen Eigenschaften von Gesteinen unter extremen Bedingungen 2.17. ULLMANN, W.: Thermische Zustandsgleichung und GRÜNEISEN-Parameter zur Erforschung des tiefen Erdinneren 2.18. DITTFELD, H.-J.: Experimentelle Aussagen zum dynamischen Effekt des flüssigen Erdkerns 2.19. KOWALLE, G.: Untersuchung zur Dämpfung seismischer Wellen im Erdkern 2.20. DONNER, F. ; GÖTHE, W.; KNOTHE, C.; OELSNER, C.; PORSTENDORFER, G.:Beiträge der Tiefenelektromagnetik, Tiefenseismik und Geothermie zum Geodynamik-Projekt 2.21. HURTIG, E.; STROMEYER, D.: Temperatur-Tiefenverteilung und Viskosität im oberen Erdmantel unter Europa 2.22. OELSNER, C.: Eine Wärmestromanomalie im Gebiet von Freiberg (Sachsen) (in memorian Ferdinand Reich) 2.23. STROMEYER, D.: Studien zur Inversion geothermischer Daten 2.24. MAYER, P.: Einige Ergebnisse magnetisoher Messungen· im Nordatlantik 2.25. MENNING, M.: Tektonische Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der paläomagnetischen Bearbeitung von Bohrkernen 2.26. ROTHER, K.; WIEGANK, F.: Zur Interpretation paläomagnetischer Daten von Europa 2.27. MUNDT, W.: Zum Nachweis lokaler Säkularvariationsanomalien im Gebiet der DDR 2.28. MUNDT, W.; PORSTENDORFER, G.: Mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen einer elektrischen Leitfähigkeitsanomalie im Erdmantel und anomalen magnetischen Säkularvariationen in Mitteleuropa 2.29. RITTER, E.: Zum Problem geoelektrischer Leitfähigkeitsanomalien und Tiefenbau von Kruste und oberem Mantel 2.30. HARWARDT, H.: Aufbau einer Strainmeteranlage in der Untertagestation Tiefenort 2.31. HARNISCH, G.: Zur Autokorrelationsfunktion der rezenten vertikalen Krustenbewegungen 2.32. THURM, H.; BANKWITZ, P.; HARNISCH, G.: Rezente horizontale Deformationen der Erdkruste im Südostteil der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik 2.33. KAUTZLEBEN, H.: Zur geophysikalischen Interpretation der planetaren Dynamik der Erde 3. Ergänzende Literatur 3.1. Untersuchung zur Geologie und Geophysik von Meeresböden (WG 4) 3.2. Rezente Erdkrustenbewegungen (WG 5) 3.3. Beziehungen zwischen Metamorphose und Tektonik (WG 9) 4. Autorenverzeichnis , Beiträge teilweise in deutscher, teilweise in englischer Sprache
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  • 84
    Series available for loan
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    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
    Associated volumes
    Call number: Q 2435/44 ; ZSP-319/C-44 ; MOP Per 581(3/44)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 44
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 128 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 44
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 1.1 Gletscherbewegung am Untergrund 1.2. Blockbewegung der Gletscher 1.3. Aufgabenstellung 2. Normierte Darstellung von Bewegungsquerprofilen 2.1. Normierungsverfahren 2.2. Normiert dargestellte Bewegungsquerprofile 2.2.1. Anwendung des Normierungsverfahrens 2.2.2. Ergebnisse der Normierung 3. Blockbewegungsmerkmale aus normiert dargestellten Bewegungsquerprofilen 3.1. Anstieg der Geschwindigkeit vom Rand zur Mitte 3.2. Konstanter Teil des Bewegungsquerprofils 4. Quantitative Merkmale der Blockbewegung 4.1. Literaturauswertung 4.2. Quantisierung der Blockbewegungsmerkmale 4.3. Klassifizierung der Blockbewegung 5. Zerspaltung der Gletscheroberflächen 5.1. Zerspaltung und Blockbewegung 5.2. Theorie der Zerspaltung 5.3. Prüfung vorliegender Bewegungsmessungen 6. Bewegungslängsprofile auf blockbewegten Gletschern 6.1. Maßverfahren 6.2. Literaturauswertung 6.3. Kongsvegen 1962 6.4. Kongsfjord-Gletscher 1964/65 6.4.1. Kongsvegen, Längsprofil Mittelmoräne 6.4.2. Kronebreen, Längsprofil Mittelmoräne 6.4.3. Blomstrandbreen, Längsprofile 6.4.4. Diskussion der Bewegungslängsprofile 7. Zeitliche Änderungen der Gletscherbewegung 7.1. Langfristige Bewegungsänderungen 7.2. Jahreszeitliche Bewegungsschwankungen 7.3. Mittelfristige Bewegungsänderungen 7.4. Tageszeitliche Bewegungsschwankungen und kurzfristige Bewegungsänderungen 8. Zeitliche Bewegungsänderungen von Kongsfjord-Gletschern 8.1. Zeitliche Bewegungsänderungen an festen Orten 8.1.1. Jahreszeitliche Bewegungsschwankungen 8.1.2. Mittelfristige Bewegungsänderungen 8.1.3. Langfristige Bewegungsänderungen 8.2. Zeitliche Bewegungsänderungen auf ausgewählten Linien 8.2.1. Änderungen der Kalbungsfront 8.2.2. Änderungen der Mittelmoränen 8.2.3. Bewegungsquerprofile 8.2.4. Bewegungslängsprofile 8.3. Zeitliche Änderungen des Bewegungsfeldes auf der Oberfläche 8.3.1. Kartierungen des Geschwindigkeitsfeldes 8.3.2. Zeitliche Änderungen des Oberflächendurchflusses 9. Schlußfolgerungen 9.1. Zur Notwendigkeit des Begriffs "Blockbewegung" 9.2. Zur Quantisierbarkeit der Blockbewegung 9.3. Zur Auffindung weiterer Blockbewegungsmerkmale 9.4. Zur Bedeutung der Untersuchung der Blockbewegung 9.5. Schlußbetrachtung 10. Literaturzusammenstellung Tabellen Bilder , Zusammenfassung in englischer und russischer Sprache
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  • 85
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Kristiania : Dybwad
    Call number: H 2221 ; AWI PY-90-0191 ; AWI PY-90-0191(2. Ex.)
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: XXIII, 422 S.
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung. - Verzeichnis der Nordlichter. - Zusätze. - Bescheibung einzelner Nordlichter. - Beschreibung einiger sehr alten aber zweifelhaften Nordlichter. - Diskussion. - Berichtigungen und Zusätze.
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  • 86
    Call number: Q 579(1) / Regal 52 ; AWI PY-1917-13
    In: Die Beobachtungs-Ergebnisse der deutschen Stationen
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhalt: Vorwort. - Inhalts-Verzeichniss. - Erklärung der Ansichten, Pläne und Kurventafeln. - Zusätze und Berichtigungen. - EINLEITUNG. - Geschichtliches über die Nord-Expedition unter Dr. W. Giese nach Kingua-Fjord und die Supplementär-Expedition nach Labrador unter Dr. K. R. Koch. - Einiges über die Umgebung der Station Kingua-Fjord. - Die Einrichtung der Station Kingua-Fjord. - Verzeichniss der mitgegebenen wissenschaftlichen Ausrüstungs-Gegenstände. - Die astronomischen Beobachtungen an der Station. - Zeitbestimmungen. - Die geographische Breite der Station. - I. Die Beobachtungen im I. Vertikal. - Polhöhe des Pfeilers des Passagen-Instrumentes. - II. Messungen von Zenit-Distanzen. - Bestimmung des Zenitpunktes. - Bestimmung der geographischen Länge. - Aus Chronometer-Übertragung. - Aus Mond-Kulminationen. - Aus Sternbedeckungen. - Azimut-Messungen auf der Polar-Station im Cumberland-Sunde. - Bestimmung des Azimuts der Meridian-Mire. - Azimute des beweglichen Fadens des Passagen-Instrumentes. - Bestimmung der Konstanten. - Nivellements-Tabelle. - Zusammenstellung der Höhendifferenzen der wichtigeren Punkte der Station. - Wesentliche Resultate der Gezeiten-Beobachtungen. - I. METEOROLOGISCHE BEOBACHTUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN STATION IN KINGUA-FJORD, CUMBERLAND-GOLF. - Einleitung. - Erläuterungen zu den meteorologischen Tabellen der Station Kingua-Fjord. - Meteorologische Tabellen. - Luftdruck. - Temperatur der Luft. - Feuchtigkeit der Luft. - Richtung und Geschwindigkeit des Windes. - Menge, Form und Zug der Wolken, Hydrometeore, Niederschlagsmenge. - Monats- und Jahres-Übersicht. - Monats- und Jahresmittel des Luftdrucks. - Monats- und Jahresmittel der Luft-Temperatur. - Tägliche Maxima und Minima nach den Angaben der Index-Thermometer. - Monats- und Jahresmittel der absoluten Feuchtigkeit der Luft. - Vertheilung der Windrichtungen nach Monaten und Jahreszeiten. - Tägliche und jährliche Periode der Windgeschwindigkeit in Meter per Sekunde. - Täglicher und jährlicher Gang der Bewölkung. - Häufigkeit der Hydrometeore. - Zug der oberen Wolken. - Allgemeine Übersicht der meteorologischen Beobachtungen der Station Kingua-Fjord. - METEOROLOGISCHE BEOBACHTUNGEN DER STATIONEN II. ORDNUNG AN DER KÜSTE VON LABRADOR. - Einleitung. - Hebron. - Okak. - Nain. - Zoar. - Hoffenthal. - Rama. - Nain, Wolkenzug. - II. METEOROLOGISCHE BEOBACHTUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN STATION IN KINGUA-FJORD, CUMBERLAND-GOLF. - Einleitung. - I. Absolute Bestimmungen. - A. Beschreibung der benutzen Instrumente und angewandten Methoden. - B. Zusammenstellung der für die Berechnung nothwendigen Konstanten und Reduktionsformeln. - Deklination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - 1. Trägheits-Momente. - 2. Ablenkungs-Konstante k. - 3. Vergleich der Ablenkungen von kleiner und grosser Nadel. - 4. Induktions-Koeffizienten. - 5. Temperatur-Koeffizienten. - 6. Berechnung der Konstanten der Magnete II und IV. - Inklination. - C. Zusammenstellung der absoluten Messungen. - Deklination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - Inklination. - 1. Mit Nadel-Inklinatorium. - 2. Mit Erdinduktor. - II. Variations-Beobachtungen. - A. Beschreibung der Apparate und ihrer Aufstellung. - B. Ableitung der Konstanten und Reduktions-Formeln. - Torsions-Verhältnisse. - Skalenwerthe. - 1. Deklination. - 2. Horizontal-Intensität. - 3a. Vertikal-Intensität nach Lamont's System. - 3b. Vertikal-Intensität nach der Lloyd'schen Wage. - C. Temperatur-Koeffizienten. - D. Normal-Punkte. - 1. Deklination. - 2. Horizontal-Intensität. - 3a. Vertikal-Intensität (Lamont). - 3b. Lloyd's Wage. - Tafel der Normal-Punkte der magnetischen Variations-Instrumente zu Kingua-Fjord für jeden Tag des Beobachtungs-Jahres. - E. Verhalten der einzelnen Instrumente, Vergleich der beiden Systeme. - 1. Deklination. - 2. Horizontal-Intensität. - 3. Vertikal-Intensität. - Schlussbemerkungen. - Termin-Beobachtungen. - Polarlicht-Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen. - Stunde verschärfter Beobachtung. - Stündliche Beobachtungen. - Deklination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - Vertikal-Intensität. - Abweichungen der stündlichen Mittelwerthe vom Monatsmittel. - Störungs-Beobachtungen. - Erdstrom-Beobachtungen auf der deutschen Polarstation zu Kingua-Fjord. - I. Allgemeines. - II. Ströme in der geschlossenen Kreisleitung. - III. Ströme in Leitungen mit Erdverbindungen. - IV. Tafeln. - V. Das Kabel-Polygon. - Resultate der Polarlicht-Beobachtungen 1882/83 auf den Stationen Kingua-Fjord und Nain. - Beobachtungen des Polarlichtes in Nain vom Oktober 1882 bis August 1883. - Beobachtungen über Polarlicht-Erscheinungen in Kingua-Fjord. - Resultate. - Einleitung. - 1. Bogen und Bänder. - 2. Strahlen und Kronen. - 3. Polarlichtdunst. - 4. Farbe des Polarlichtes. - 5. Allgemeine Bemerkungen. - Einige Resultate der meteorologischen Beobachtungen der deutschen Station Kingua-Fjord. - Luftdruck. - Temperatur. - Tägliche Periode der Veränderlichkeit der Temperatur. - Wind. - Bewölkung. - ANHANG. - Über das Lamont-Weyprecht'sche konstante Änderungs-Verhältniss der Veriationen der erdmagnetischen Horizontal-Intensität und der Inklination. - Anhang zu der Arbeit des Herrn Dr. Giese "Die Erdstrom-Beobachtungen etc. etc.", Seite 411. - Variationen der magnetischen Deklination, beobachtet auf der königl. Universitäts-Sternwarte zu Breslau. - Termin-Beobachtungen. - Stunden verschärfter Beobachtung. - Beobachtungen in Gauss' erdmagnetischem Observatorium der königl. Universität Göttingen. - Termin-Beobachtungen. - Stunde verschärfter Deklinations-Beobachtung. - An den Terminstagen abgelesene Thermometer-Angaben. - Stundenmittel. - Tägliche Beobachtungen. - Bei den täglichen Beobachtungen abgelesene Thermometer-Angaben. - Magnetische Beobachtungen bei Polarlichtern und magnetischen Gewittern. - Die Instrumente und die Beobachtungs-Methoden in Göttingen. - I. Absolute Bestimmung der erdmagnetischen Kraft in Göttingen. - II. Instrumente zur Bestimmung der Variationen der erdmagnetischen Kraft in Göttingen. - III. Anordnung der Termin-Beobachtungen in Göttingen. - IV. - Anordnung der täglichen Beobachtungen in Göttingen.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 30, LXIV, 736 S. : graph. Darst., Taf.
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  • 87
    Call number: Q 681 / Regal 52 ; AWI PY-1915-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Table des Matières: Préface. - Introduction. - Historique de l'expédition. - 1. Equipment. - Maison. - Observatoires et corridor. - Meubles. - Vêtements. - Literie. - Vivres. - Moyens de transport. - Instruments. - 2. Rapport sur le voyage, l'hivernage et le retour de l'expédition. - 3. Observations météorologiques. - A. Observations obligatoires. - I. Pression atmosphérique. - II. Températue de l'air. - III. Humidité de l'air. - IV. Direction et vitesse du vent. - V. Forme, densité et direction des nauges. - B. Observations facultatives. - I. Température. - II. Radiation. - III. Evaporation de la glace. - 4. La glace et l'eau de la mer de Kara. - 5. Magnétisme terrestre. - 6. L'aurore boréale. - 7. Phénomènes optiques de l'atmosphère. - 8. La faune de la mer de Kara. - I. Dragues, filets; dragage sous la glace, etc. - II. Conservation des animaux. - III. Lieu des recherches, nombre des dragages, etc. - IV. Profondeur de la mer et constitution du sol. - V. L'eau au fond de la mer et à la surface. - VI. Aperçu systématique des principales espèces et genres avec indication des stations où ils ont été rencontrés. - VII. Observations sur le caractêre général de la faune du fond de la mer de Kara. - Chartepartie. - Suppléments. - I. Instructions générales pour l'expédition néerlandaise à Port Dickson, à l'embouchure du Jénisséi dans la Sibérie asiatique en 1882 et 1883. - II. Abmachung wegen Abholung der Holländischen Expedition von Dicksonshafen im Jahre 1883. - III. Etat sanitaire. - IV. Report of a meeting on Sunday, Juli 29th 1883, in the house of the Dutch-Expedition in the Kara-sea to settle the question about a retreat to Europe. - V. Contrakt. - VI. Le rapport entre le vent et la dérive de la glace dans la mer de Kara. - Tableaux des observations météorologiques.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 141, CVIII S. : Taf.
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  • 88
    Call number: AWI PY-1901-13
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 110 S.
    Language: German
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis für die Beobachtungen in Göttingen: Titel. - Einleitung. - Magnetische Beobachtungen in den Terminen I bis XXVI. - Verschärfte Deklinations-Beobachtungen in den Terminen. - Thermometer-Beobachtungen während der Termine. - Stundenmittel der Termins-Beobachtungen. - Beobachtungen bei magnetischen Gewittern im Anschluss an Termins-Beobachtungen. - Erklärung der Zeichen für die täglichen Beobachtungen. - Tägliche magnetische Beobachtungen. - Thermometer für die täglichen magnetischen Beobachtungen. - Magnetische Beobachtungen bei Polarlichtern und magnetischen Gewittern 1882 Oktober 2, November 17, 20. - Reihenfolge der täglichen Beobachtungen. - Die Instrumente und die Beobachtungs-Methoden. - Absolute Bestimmungen der erdmagnetischen Kraft. - Instrumente zur Bestimmung der Variationen der erdmagnetischen Kraft. - Anordnung der Termins-Beobachtungen. - Anordnung der täglichen Beobachtungen. - Bemerkungen zu den Beobachtungen in Göttingen.
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  • 89
    Call number: AWI PY-1902-13
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 14 S. , 31 cm
    Language: German
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  • 90
    Call number: AWI PY-1940-13
    In: Veröffentlichungen des Preussischen Meteorologischen Instituts ; 265, Nr. 265
    In: Abhandlungen des Preussischen Meteorologischen Instituts ; 4,11, Bd. 4, Nr. 11
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 11 S. , graph. Darst.
    Language: German
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  • 91
    Call number: AWI PY-1949-13
    In: Skrifter / udg. af Videnskabsselskabet i Kristiania, Mathematisk-Naturvidenskabelig Klasse, 1915, No. 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 132 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Skrifter / Videnskabsselskapet i Kristiania, Matematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse 1915,2
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Introduction. - Bank-water. - The Spitsbergen Atlantic Current. - The water of the Spitsbergen Fjords, and the coast water. - The deep-water of the North Polar Basin. - The deep-water of the Norwegian Sea. - Current measurements. - Current measurements at Stat. 41, on August 18th and 19th, 1912. - Computation of the velocities of the currents in the region between Stats. 41 and 40, by means of dynamic sections. - Current measurements on August 4th and 5th. - Computation of the velocities of the currents at Stats. 18 to 22. - Dynamic current charts. - Vertical oscillations of the water strata. - The tidal wave in the North Polar Basin. - Ice-pressures and the tidal wave. - The extension and shape of the North Polar Basin. - Investigations on the amount of Oxygen in the Spitsbergen waters. - Some observations of the Hydrogen Ion Concentration in the Northern Sea-Water. - Table 1. Temperature, salinity, and density of the sea-water. - Table 2. Current-Measurements. - Table 3. Measurements of the Oxygen in the sea-water. - Table 4. Measurements of the Hydrogen Ion Concentration of the sea-water. - Literature.
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  • 92
    Call number: ZSP-980-143 ; ZSP-980-143(2. Ex.)
    In: ZfI-Mitteilungen ; 143, Nr. 143
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 189 S. , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 0323-8776
    Series Statement: ZfI-Mitteilungen 143
    Note: Contents: Preface. - ISOTOPES IN HYDROLOGY AND GLACIOLOGY. - Hydrology of the lakes in Central Wohlthat Massif, East Antarctica: new results / D. Haendel, W.-D. Hermichen, R. Höfling, P. Kowski. - Tritium in precipitation of Vostok (Antarctica) - conclusions on the tritium latitude effect / D. Hebert. - Stable isotopic composition and regional climatic features - a comparative study of the East-Antarctic ice sheet surface / W.-D. Hermichen, P. Kowski. - Deuterium in the water cycle of the Schirmacher Oasis (Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica) : a data compilation / P. Kowski, W. Richter. - Stable isotope and hydrogeochemical studies of Beaver Lake and Radok Lake, MacRobertson Land, East Antarctica / U. Wand, W.-D. Hermichen, E. Brüggemann, R. Zierath, V. D. Klokov. - Sulphur isotope measurements on sulphates from Antarctic atmospheric precipitations, lake waters and salt efflorescences: a contribution to the study of the natural sulphur cycle / U. Wand, I. Maaß, D. Haendel. - ISOTOPES IN GEOLOGY. - A lead isotope study of pegmatitic K-feldspars from the Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (Abstract) / K.-H. Bielicki, H. Hiller, U. Wand. - Petrography and geochemistry of lamprophyres from the Schirmacher Oasis, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (Abstract) / U. Wand, M. Geisler, D. Korich. - Carbon isotope geothermometry of graphite-bearing marbles from Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica / U. Wand, K. Mühle. - ISOTOPES IN LIFE SCIENCES. - The seal mummies of the Schirmacher Oasis (East Antarctica) / A. Hiller, A. Loopmann, W. Richter, D. Haendel. - Occupation of the Antarctic continent by petrels during the past 35,000 years: inferences from a 14C study of stomach oil deposits (Abstract) / A. Hiller, U. Wand, H. Kämpf, W. Stackebrandt. - Studies of the protein and the energy metabolism in man during a wintering in Antarctica / P. Junghans, G. Schrader, H. Faust, B. Wagner, K. Hirschberg, R. Reinhardt. - Author Index.
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  • 93
    Call number: AWI PY-1918-13 ; AWI PY-1918-13(2. Ex.)
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: Getr. Zählung
    Series Statement: Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882-1883
    Language: Undetermined
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: THEIL 1. - Historische Einleitung. - Astronomie. - A. Zeitbestimmungen. - B. Längenbestimmungen. - C. Polhöhenbestimmungen. - D. Bestimmungen des Azimuthes. - Meteorologie. - A. Luftdruck. - B. Temperatur der Luft. - C. Feuchtigkeit der Luft. - D. Wind. - E. Wolken. Niederschlag. - Tabellen der stündlichen meteorologischen Beobachtungen. - Luftdruck. - Temperatur der Luft. - Feuchtigkeit der Luft. - Richtung und Geschwindigkeit des Windes. - Menge, Form und Zug der Wolken, Hydrometore, Niederschlag. - Monats- und Jahresmittel. - Zug der oberen Wolken. - Bemerkungen. - Facultative Beobachtungen. - Temperatur-Messungen im Altenfjord. THEIL 2. - Erdmagnetismus. - A. Einleitung. - 1. Das magnetische Observatorium. - 2. Beschreibung der Instrumente. - 3. Vorläufige magnetische Bestimmungen. - a. Untersuchung über den Einfluss des Erdbodens in magnetischer Beziehung. - b. Torsions-Bestimmungen. - c. Der wechselseitige Einfluss der Instrumente auf einander. - B. Declination. - 1. Bestimmung des Werthes eines Scalentheils für Di und Du. - 2. Bestimmungen des Nullpunktes von Di und Du. - a. Absolute Declinationsbestimmungen. - b. Bestimmung des Werthes für den Nullpunkt von Du. - 3. Reduction der Beobachtungen auf absolute Masse. - C. Horizontal-Intensität. - 1. Bestimmung der Horizontal-Intensität mit Hilfe von Lamont's Unifilar mit festen Deflectoren. - 2. Bestimmung der Constanten der Horizontalvariometer. - a. Die Ablenkungswinkel φi0 und φii0. - b. Die Null-Linie. - c. Bestimmung von Hi0. - a. Schwingungsbeobachtungen. - b. Ablenkungsbeobachtungen. - c. Reduction auf elektrische Einheiten. - d. Bestimmung von Hii0. - e. Temperaturcompensation. - 3. Reduction der täglichen Beobachtungen auf absolute Masseinheiten. - 4. Hilfs-Scala. - 5. Controllbestimmungen. - D. Vertical-Intensität. - 1. Bestimmung der Vertical-Intensität mit Hilfe von Lamont's Unifilar mit weichen Eisenstäben. - 2. Bestimmung der Constanten der Verticalvariometer. - a. Die Null-Linie. - b. Die Ablenkuugswinkel ψi0 und ψii0. - a. Reduction der controllirenden Variationslesungen. - b. Bestimmung der Ablenkungswinkel. - c. Die Inductionsfactoren ai und aii. - d. Die transversale Induction. - e. Bestimmung von Ci. - f. Bestimmung von Cii. - 3. Reduction der täglichen Beobachtungen auf absolute Masseinheiten. - 4. Hilfs-Scalen. - E. Die obligatorischen magnetischen Beobachtungen. - 1. Die stündlichen Beobachtungen. - 2. Terminbeobachtungen. - 3. Die tägliche Periode der magnetischen Elemente. - F. Facultative magnetische Beohachtungen. - Tabellen der stündlichen magnetischen Beobachtungen. - Declination. - Horizontal-Intensität. - Vertical-Intensität. - Tabellen der magnetischen Terminbeobachtungen. - Declination alle 5 Minuten. - Horizontal-Intensität alle 5 Minuten. - Vertical-Intensität alle 5 Minuten. - Declination alle 20 Secunden. - Horizontal-Intensität alle 20 Secunden. - Monats und Jahresmittel. Sämtliche Beobachtungen. - Monats und Jahresmittel. Ruhige Tage. - Nordlicht. - A. Einleitung. - 1. Instrumente und Apparate. - 2. Der Beobachtungsplatz. - 3. Beobachtungszeiten. - B. Beobachtungsmaterial. - 1. Wolkenbeobachtungen. - 2. Die Formen des Nordlichtes. - 3. Positionsbezeichnungen. - 4. Farbe, Intensität und Bewegung des Nordlichtes. - 5. Spectroscopische Untersuchungen. - C. Tabellarische Zusammenstellung. - Nordlicht-Beobachtungen. - Auf- und Untergang des Mondes in Bossekop. - Stündliche Nordlicht-Beobachtungen.
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  • 94
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Stockholm : Lithogr. Institut d. Generalstabs [u.a.]
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI PY-1942-13
    In: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, Bd. 1, Lfg. 5
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 172 S.
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt: Einleitung. - 1. Zeitbestimmung und Untersuchung des Ganges der Chronometer. - A. Zeitbestimmung mit dem Schiffschronometer Nr. 2677. - B. Zeitbestimmung mit dem Sternzeitchronometer Nr. 1329. - C. Zeitkomparationen zwischen den Chronometern Nr. 2677 und Nr. 1329. - D. Zeitnormalen. - 2. Azimutbestimmungen. - 3. Kartierungsarbeit. - 4. - A. Instrumente. - B. Magnetisches Observatorium. - C. Auszug aus dem Tagebuch. - V. Deklinationsmessungen. - A. Das Variationsdeklinatorium. - B. Stundenobservationen. - C. Messungen der absoluten Deklination für die magnetische Hauptstation. - 1. Bestimmungen mit dem Lamontschen Instrument. - 2. Bestimmungen mit dem Neumayerschen Instrument. - 3. Komparationen. - 4. Diskussion der Azimutbestimmung der Miren für die magnetische Hauptstation. - 5. Basiswert des Variationsdeklinatoriums. - D. Der mittlere Gang der Deklination. - E. Deklinationsbestimmungen in der Umgebung der magnetischen Hauptstation. - 6. Horizontalintensitätsmessungen. - A. Abschlussmessungen. - 1. Absolute Bestimmungen in Upsala. - 2. Temperaturkoeffizienten. - 3. Bestimmung der Konstante C für das Lamontsche Instrument. - 4. Komparationen mit Neumayers Instrument. - 5. Komparationen auf der "Isla de Año Nuevo". - 6. Nähere Betrachtung der Instrumentenkonstanten C02(L). - B. Das Horizontalintensitäsvariometer im Magnethaus auf der Snow-Hill-Insel. - Der Temperaturkoeffizient Φ des H-Variometers. - C. Absolute Bestimmungen von H auf der Snow-Hill-Insel mit dem Lamontschen Instrument. - D. Bestimmung der Horizontalintensität in der Umgebung der magnetischen Hauptstation. - E. Der mittlere tägliche Gang der Horizontalintensität. - 7. Bestimmungen der Vertikalintensität und der Inklination. - A. Das Vertikalvariometer. - B. Der Temperaturkoeffizient η des Vertikalvariometers. - C. Absolute Bestimmung der Vertikalintensität. - D. Inklinationsbestimmungen in der Umgebung der magnetischen Hauptstation. - 8. Die erdmagnetischen Variationen während der Observationsstunden. - A. Variationen in Deklination und Horizontalintensität. - B. Variationen in der Vertikalintensität.
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  • 95
    Call number: AWI PY-1931-13 ; AWI PY-1931-13(2. Ex.)
    In: Spezielle Untersuchungen von dem Internationalen Polarjahre 1932-1933 ; 1, Nr. 1
    In: Veröffentlichungen des Geophysikalischen Observatoriums der Finnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 56 S.
    Language: Finnish , Russian
    Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung. - Die Anlage des Observatoriums. - Die Variometer und ihre Aufstellung. - Belichtung und Zeitmarken. - Die absoluten Instrumente und ihre Konstanten. - Bestimmung der Skalenwerte der Variometer. - Absolute Beobachtungen und Werte der Basislinien. - Bedienung des Registriersystems. - Auswertung und Ergebnisse der Registrierungen. - Monatsübersicht. - Stundenmittel der H, D und V. Extremwerte der Elemente, Charakter. - Täglicher Gang der Elemente. - Täglicher Gang der Elemente an ruhigen Tagen. - Täglicher Gang der Elemente an gestörten Tagen. - Numerische Charaktere der Tage. - Verlauf der 24-stündigen Mittel von 6 zu 6 Stunden.
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  • 96
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Leipzig : Acad. of Sciences of the GDR, Central Inst. for Isotope and Radiation Research
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-980-76
    In: ZfI-Mitteilungen, 76
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 45 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Preprint
    Series Statement: ZfI-Mitteilungen 76
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Introduction. - Material and methods. - Characterization of subjects and environmental conditions. - Experimental procedure. - Evaluation of experiments. - Results. - Investigation of protein metabolism. - Investigation of energy metabolism. - Discussion. - Acknowledgements. - References.
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  • 97
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-2
    In: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG), 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG) 2
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Antarctic Research Activities 1979-1980. - Planned Research Activities 1980-1981. - References.
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  • 98
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/6
    In: CRREL Report, 83-6
    Description / Table of Contents: During the austral summers of 1976-77 and 1978-79, several ice cores were taken from the McMurdo Ice Shelf brine zone to investigate its thermal, physical and chemical properties. This brine zone consists of a series of super-imposed brine layers (waves) that originate at the seaward edge of the ice shelf and migrate at various rates, depending upon their age and position in the ice shelf. The brine in these layers becomes increasingly concentrated as the waves migrate inland through the permeable ice shelf firn. Chemical analyses of brine samples from the youngest (uppermost) brine wave show that it contains sea salts in normal seawater proportions. Further inland, deeper and older brine layers, though highly saline (S 〉 200 ‰), are severely depleted in SO2-4 with the SO2-4/Na+ ratio being an order of magnitude less than that of normal seawater. Analyses of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO2-4 and CI-, together with solubility and temperature considerations, show that the sulfate depletion is due to selective precipitation of mirabilite, Na2SO4*10H2O. The location of the inland boundary of brine penetration is closely related to the depth at which the brine en-counters the firn/ice transition. However, a small but measurable migration of brine is still occurring in otherwise impermeable ice; this is attributed to eutectic dissolution of the ice by concentrated brine as it moves into deeper and warmer parts of the McMurdo Ice Shelf.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-6
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/4
    In: CRREL Report, 83-4
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurements and analysis of seasonal ice growth and decay on Post Pond, New Hampshire, for the period 1973-1982 are presented. Observations included ice thickness measurements, examination of the various ice types contributing to the ice cover, and measurements of meteorological parameters for correlation with and modeling of the ice growth process. The overall nature of ice growth and decay (ice loss) on the Post Pond has been ascertained, the seasonal variability in the timing of freeze-up and ice-out and the duration of the ice cover have been determined, and the relationship of ice growth to freezing-degree-day (deg C) records evaluated on the basis of a Stefan conduction equation modified to deal with ice sheets covered with or free of snow. Ice growth occurs predominantly by the direct freezing of lake water, but snow ice may compose as much as 50% of the ice cover in winters with higher than average snowfall. Freeze-up leading to the establishment of a stable ice cover occurs during the 4-week period from the end of November to the end of December. Maximum seasonal ice thicknesses were from 45 to 67 cm and are generally attained during the first two weeks of March; ice-out, marking the final disappearance of ice from Post Pond, usually occurs by the third week of April. The overall rate of the ice loss is three to four times that of ice growth, and is dominated initially by melting from the top. As much as 50% of the ice may be lost in this way before the onset of any bottom melting. Final dissipation of the ice cover is usually expedited by candling resulting from preferential melting and disintegration of the ice at crystal boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-4
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves
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  • 100
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-83/13
    In: CRREL Report, 83-13
    Description / Table of Contents: A review on past experimental and theoretical work indicates a need for additional experimentation to characterize the response of snow to inelastic pressure waves. Pressure data from previously conducted explosion tests are analyzed to estimate the elastic limit of snow of 400 -kg/cu m density to be about 36 kPa. This pressure corresponds to a scaled distance of 1.6 m/cu.rt.kg for charges fired beneath the surface of the snow, and to a scaled distance of 1.2 m/cu.rt.kg for charges fired in the air. The effects of a snow cover on the method of clearing a minefield by using an explosive charge fired in the air above the snow surface are also discussed and recommendations are given for further work in this area. Explosive pressure data are used to estimate the maximum effective scaled radius for detonating buried mines at shallow depth to be 0.8 m/cu.rt.kg. Fuel-air explosive will increase this effective radius significantly because of the increase in the size of the source region.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 83-13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Objectives Background Problems in describing the response of snow to an applied stress Methods of determining the dynamic behavior of materials Review of previous studies on snow Experimental measurements on snow Summary of snow experiments Theoretical studies Confirmation of the theory Discussion Applications Recommendations Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Selected data from Wisotski and Snyder (1966) Appendix B. Pressure data from Livingston (1964)
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