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  • Earthquake
  • Earthquake precursor: prediction research
  • Seismicity
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  • 1
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    Special Topics in Dam Engineering  (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We, as scientists, engineers, consultants, and owners have to provide a sustainable and safe water supply for human consumption in cities, especially metropolitans. Dams and their appurtenant structures are mainly constructed to provide this human demand. As civilizations have matured, dams, which are man-made infrastructures, have been further developed for agriculture, flood control, power, water-based transportation, and recreation. Water storage and effective use of water are important aspects, especially for the countries with unequal rainfall and limited water resources. Therefore, dams pose a critical role in providing standard living conditions. In this book, we desire original research articles focused on the state-of-the-art techniques and methods employed in the various aspects of the design, construction, and analysis of dams. We welcome both theoretical and application studies of high technical standards across various disciplines. We seek high-quality submissions of original research articles as well as review articles on all aspects related to dam engineering that has the potential for practical application. The articles focused on their social and environmental impacts are very valuable studies for us.
    Keywords: Dam Safety ; Hazard Classification ; Dam Failure ; Piping ; Dispersive Erosion ; Numerical Methods ; Analytical Methods ; Slope Stability ; Dynamic Analysis ; Earthquake ; Monitoring and Surveillance ; Field Measurement Methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    La rete sismica temporanea FXLand: contribuito al Progetto Fiber Optic Cable Use For Seafloor Studies Of Earthquake - FOCUS (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Nel 2018 è stato avviato il progetto FOCUS - Fiber Optic Cable Use For Seafloor Studies Of Earthquake - coordinato da Marc-André Gutscher del Laboratoire Géosciences Océan dell’Università di Brest, in Francia. Questo progetto indaga la sismicità e la struttura crostale del Mar Ionio attraverso l’analisi e l’interpretazione di dati raccolti da strumentazione sottomarina e da reti di monitoraggio disponibili o appositamente installate nelle zone di costa. In tale contesto, l’Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti (ONT) e l’Osservatorio Etneo (OE), entrambe Sezioni dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), e il Laboratorio di Sismologia dell'Università della Calabria (UniCal), hanno contribuito al progetto con l’installazione di una rete sismica temporanea lungo la costa ionica calabro-siciliana a integrazione della rete permanente presente nell’area dello Stretto di Messina. La rete temporanea, costituita da 13 stazioni, ha acquisito dal mese di dicembre 2021 al mese di giugno 2023. Nel gennaio 2022, i partner internazionali del progetto FOCUS hanno installato una rete temporanea di sismometri OBS e sensori di pressione per fondali marini. La grande quantità di dati raccolta e la loro integrazione, consentirà di migliorare il monitoraggio sismico e le conoscenze relative alla struttura terrestre dell’area con particolare attenzione alle strutture sismogenetiche con un dettaglio mai raggiunto fino a ora. Tutte le istituzioni coinvolte in FOCUS collaborano per l’acquisizione e l’elaborazione dei dati, l’imaging dell’interno della Terra attraverso l’utilizzo di tecniche avanzate, l’interpretazione e la modellazione dei dati. Il presente lavoro descrive la progettazione, la realizzazione e la gestione della rete temporanea a terra definita FXland, fornendo indicazioni relative sul suo generale funzionamento e sulle caratteristiche del dataset acquisito.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-26
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Progetto FOCUS ; Reti sismiche temporanee ; Sismicità ; FOCUS project ; Temporary seismic networks ; Seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Are Foreshocks Fore‐Shocks? (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-19
    Description: Foreshocks are spatially clustered seismic events preceding large earthquakes. Since the dawn of seismology, their occurrence has been identified as a possible mechanism leading to further crustal destabilization, hence, to major failures. However, several cases occurred without any previous anomalous seismic activity, so that the hypothesis of foreshocks as reliable seismic precursors fails to pass statistical tests. Here, we perform an all‐round statistical comparative analysis of seismicity in Southern California to assess whether any differences can be identified between swarms and foreshocks. Our results suggest that extremely variable seismic patterns can forerun mainshocks, even though they tend to be preceded by clusters with more numerous events spread over larger areas than swarms and with a wider range of magnitudes. We provide a physical explanation of such dissimilarity and conclude, despite it, that foreshocks can hardly be reliable short‐ term precursors of large earthquakes in California.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JB027337
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Foreshocks ; Earthquake prediction ; Seismic forecasting ; Earthquake ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Evolution in unrest processes at Campi Flegrei caldera as inferred from local seismicity (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: Changes in seismicity with time and location are diagnostic signals for understanding the dynamics of volcanic unrest. We used these signals at the Campi Flegrei caldera, in southern Italy, to investigate how structural changes have determined three styles of unrest since 1982, distinguished by a ground uplift (measured at Pozzuoli, near the centre of the caldera) of 178 cm in 1982–84; a subsidence of 93 cm in 1985–2005; and an uplift of 118 cm between 2005 and November 2023. Double-difference seismic locations and concentrations of seismic energy release have revealed impermeable horizons that correspond to the cap rock and self-sealed base of the geothermal system at depths of 1.5 and 3 km, respectively. Most earthquakes have been shallower than 3 km, consistent with the brittle upper crust being stretched over a zone of pressurization below the geothermal system. The 1982–84 uplift decayed after a major seismic swarm on April 1st, 1984, breached the lower impermeable horizon, which increased the flux of escaping gas and reduced the source pressure. Continued gas escape promoted subsidence until the lower horizon had resealed itself and initiated a new episode of uplift while gas from depth re-accumulated beneath. Compared with 1982–84, a greater proportion of recent seismicity has occurred at shallower depths below the actively degassing fumaroles of Solfatara-Pisciarelli, north-east of Pozzuoli. The associated high seismic b-values, between 1 and 2, are consistent with high fluid pressures and, hence, with locations more favourable to fracturing. Continued uplift may thus persist until fracturing of the shallow crust allows faster rates of gas release and depressurization of the pressure source.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118530
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei caldera ; Hydrothermal system ; Volcanic unrest ; Seismicity ; Fluid circulation ; Brittle/ductile transition
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Geology of the lower Belice River valley, epicentral area of the M 〉 5 1968 seismic sequence (south-western Sicily, Italy) (2024)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: We present a new 1:25,000-scale geological map of the lower Belice River valley, the area struck by the M 〉 5.0 devastating 1968 seismic sequence, whose seismic source and seismotectonic framework are still controversial. The map, utilizing dating methods and traditional field survey approaches integrated by high-resolution topography, provides an unprecedented detail and precision on the spatial distribution and on the compressional growth geometries of the prominent sedimentary sequence. This map, supported by the first recognition of an on-shore Chibanian-Calabrian deposition and by identifying a flight of marine terraces, offers new insights on the long-lasting syn-depositional tectonic forces up to late-Pleistocene-Holocene times. Such tectonic forces may take part in the regional ongoing deformational phase, prompting detailed studies on the potential seismic sources affecting the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2242725
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Active tectonics ; Biostratigraphy ; Quaternary deposit ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Aseismic creep and gravitational sliding on the lower eastern flank of Mt. Etna: Insights from the 2002 and 2022 fault rupture events between Santa Venerina and Santa Tecla (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Fault creep along the lower eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano has been documented since the end of the 19th century and significantly contributes to the surface faulting hazard in the area. On 29 October 2002, during a seismic swarm related to dyke intrusions, two earthquakes caused extensive damage and surface faulting in an area between the Santa Venerina and Santa Tecla villages. On the same day after the two earthquakes, an episodic aseismic creep occurred along the Scalo Pennisi Fault close to the Santa Tecla coastline. On 8 February 2022, during another aseismic creep event along the Scalo Pennisi Fault, we observed the reopening of the pre existing 2002 ground ruptures mostly as pure dilational fractures. We mapped the 2002 and 2022 surface ruptures, and collected data on displacement, length, and pattern of ground breaks. Ground ruptures affected structures located along the activated fault segments, including roads, walls and buildings. The 2002 surface faulting propagation can be ascribed to a sliding of the Mt. Etna eastern flank toward the SE, as also suggested by the related shallow seismicity, and InSAR and geodetic data between 2002 and 2005. For the 2022 event, dif ferential InSAR data, acquired in both descending and ascending views, allowed us to decompose Line of Sight (LOS) displacement into horizontal and vertical components. We detect a ~ 700 m long and ~ 500 m wide deformation zone with a downward and eastward motion (max displacement ~1,5 cm) consistent with a normal fault. We inverted the InSAR–detected surface deformation using a uniform-slip fault model and obtained a shallow detachment for the causative fault, located at ~300 m depth, within the volcanic pile. This is the first in depth study along the Scalo Pennisi Fault to suggest a shallow faulting that accommodates Mt. Etna E flank gravitational sliding.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229829
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Etna ; Aseismic creep ; Earthquake ; Surface faulting ; Volcano-tectonic deformation ; InSAR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The AlpArray Research Seismicity-Catalogue (2023)
    Oxford University Press - The Royal Astronomical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: We take advantage of the new large AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) as part of the AlpArray research initiative (www.alparray.ethz.ch), to establish a consistent seismicity-catalogue for the greater Alpine region (GAR) for the time period 2016 January 1–2019 December 31. We use data from 1103 stations including the AASN backbone composed of 352 permanent and 276 (including 30 OBS) temporary broad-band stations (network code Z3). Although characterized by a moderate seismic hazard, the European Alps and surrounding regions have a higher seismic risk due to the higher concentration of values and people. For these reasons, the GAR seismicity is monitored and routinely reported in catalogues by a 11 national and 2 regional seismic observatories. The heterogeneity of these data set limits the possibility of extracting consistent information by simply merging to investigate the GAR's seismicity as a whole. The uniformly spaced and dense AASN provides, for the first time, a unique opportunity to calculate high-precision hypocentre locations and consistent magnitude estimation with uniformity and equal uncertainty across the GAR. We present a new, multistep, semi-automatic method to process ∼50 TB of seismic signals, combining three different software. We used the SeisComP3 for the initial earthquake detection, a newly developed Python library ADAPT for high-quality re-picking, and the well-established VELEST algorithm both for filtering and final location purposes. Moreover, we computed new local magnitudes based on the final high-precision hypocentre locations and re-evaluation of the amplitude observations. The final catalogue contains 3293 seismic events and is complete down to local magnitude 2.4 and regionally consistent with the magnitude 3+ of national catalogues for the same time period. Despite covering only 4 yr of seismicity, our catalogue evidences the main fault systems and orogens’ front in the region, that are documented as seismically active by the EPOS-EMSC manually revised regional bulletin for the same time period. Additionally, we jointly inverted for a new regional minimum 1-D P-wave velocity model for the GAR and station delays for both permanent station networks and temporary arrays. These results provide the base for a future re-evaluation of the past decades of seismicity, and for the future seismicity, eventually improving seismic-hazard studies in the region. Moreover, we provide a unique, consistent seismic data set fundamental to further investigate this complex and seismically active area. The catalogue, the minimum 1-D P-wave velocity model, and station delays associated are openly shared and distributed with a permanent DOI listed in the data availability section.
    Description: The AlpArray-Switzerland project is funded by the Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA project CRSII2_154434/1 by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).
    Description: Published
    Description: 921-943
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake source observations ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Statistical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    FocusX temporary land-network (FXland), seismic data and preliminary analysis (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-19
    Description: In the frame of FocusX2 project INGV (Osservatorio Nazionale Terremoti and Osservatorio Etneo) and UniCal (Laboratorio di Sismologia) are deploying, from the end of 2021 to January 2023 a temporary seismic network for an active/passive seismological experiment to record regional and global seismicity in the Ionian Sea. The goal of this experiment is to improve the detection of seismicity in the Ionian Sea area and the accuracy of the locations; to better define the crustal structure of the region and find patterns related to fault systems. The seismicity in the area is possibly the result of two types of tectonic activity at different depths: a gently NW dipping subduction interface of the Calabrian subduction zone, and the strike-slip fault systems in the Ionian Sea, well expressed in the morpho-bathymetry and observed in previous seismic profiles. The deployment of 13 temporary land stations, FocusX temporary land (network code 1J) https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/O5QWM6WJCD along the coasts of eastern Sicily and SW Calabria, is going to complement the permanent networks (network codes IV, MN and IY); in the same period OBS stations are deployed at sea: FocusX temporary OBS-network (network code XH). The land stations are equipped with two different type of digitizers: Reftek 130 (12), and SaraSL06 (2); and with three different type of velocimeters: Trillium 120C (10), Le 5s (2) and ss08 60s (2). Continuous data are transmitted in real time at the INGV Rome acquisition system, used in the seismic surveillance, archived and distributed in EIDA https://eida.ingv.it/it/. In the deployment period 23rd December 2021 - 9th May 2022 regional seismicity (area between Lat 36.5-38.2 Lon 14.5-16.0) include 390 events located by the INGV seismic surveillance system, two of them with magnitude larger than 4.0 as well as 56 teleseismic earthquakes with magnitude larger than magnitude 6.0, two of them larger than 7.0. The two local events with M〉4.0 and some of their aftershocks, were analyzed by the analysts of the Italian Seismic Bulletin including all the stations of the FXland 1J network.
    Description: Published
    Description: Catania
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Keywords: Seismic network ; Seismicity ; deep structure ; Ionian Sea ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 9
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    Kahramanmaraş - Gaziantep Türkiye M7.7 Earthquake, 6 February 2023 (04:17 GMT+03:00) Large historical earthquakes of the earthquake-affected region: a preliminary report (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: The region where the 2023 February 6 earthquakes took place is known to have been very active in the past; it is part of the contact between the Eurasian and the Arabic plate, an area where seismic activity was relatively low in the 20th century (Figure 1). It is a “border zone” also from the historical point of view; therefore, although many earthquakes are known to most earthquake catalogues and compilations, the relevant information is often rather poor and affected by chronological and place-names problems. As a consequence, earthquake parameters given in the catalogues are often based on a poor dataset; the situation is even more complicated by chronological issues and careless compilations, which lead to earthquake duplications. In the frame of a larger investigation effort underway (Sesetyan et al., 2020; Stucchi et al. 2022) we first considered the available information from the main earthquake catalogues and compilations in the time-window 1000-1900. The volume by Ambraseys (2009) summarizes and sometimes updates the knowledge already proposed in previous works such as Ambraseys and Jackson (1988), Ambraseys (1989), Ambraseys and Finkel (1995). We also considered the works by Soysal et al. (1981), Guidoboni et al. (2019), Sbeinati et al. (2005), some recent historical earthquake investigations and the parametric catalogues by Shebalin and Tatevossian (1997), Tan et al. (2008), Sesetyan et al. (2013). Next, we assessed - when possible - macroseismic intensities at the mentioned localities and, from them, we assessed earthquake parameters by making use of the so-called “Boxer” method by Gasperini et al. (1999). For some of the main earthquakes in the region we briefly summarise here the earthquake parameters from our investigation and from the main catalogues. In the Appendix we summarise the available information.
    Description: Boğaziçi University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Department of Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul (Turkey) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italia
    Description: Published
    Description: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Keywords: Turkey ; Eastern Anatolian Fault ; Seismic History ; Kahramanmaraş - Gaziantep Türkiye M7.7 Earthquake, 6 February 2023 ; Large Historical Earthquakes ; Anatolia ; Historical Seismology ; Seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 10
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    Seismicity catalogue for the Eastern Alps (Swath-D) (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-01
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We present a new, consistently processed seismicity catalogue for the Eastern and Southern Alps, based on the temporary dense Swath-D monitoring network. The final catalogue includes 6,053 earthquakes for the time period 2017-2019 and has a magnitude of completeness of −1.0ML. The smallest detected and located events have a magnitude of −1.7ML. Aimed at the low to moderate seismicity in the study region, we generated a multi-level, mostly automatic workflow which combines a priori information from local catalogues and waveform-based event detection, subsequent efficient GPU-based event search by template matching, P & S arrival time pick refinement and location in a regional 3-D velocity model. The resulting seismicity distribution generally confirms the previously identified main seismically active domains, but provides increased resolution of the fault activity at depth. In particular, the high number of small events additionally detected by the template search contributes to a more dense catalogue, providing an important basis for future geological and tectonic studies in this complex part of the Alpine orogen.
    Description: TableOfContents
    Description: Seismicity catalogue Python codes & metadata Seismicity cross-sections
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic Waveform Analysis ; Eastern Alps ; Earthquake ; Geophysics ; Template matching ; 4DMB ; 4D Mountain Building ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE/INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; geophysics ; seismology ; surface processes ; tectonics
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 11
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    Predicting the Accuracy of Early-est Earthquake Magnitude Estimates with an LSTM Neural Network: A Preliminary Analysis (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: This report presents a preliminary analysis of an LSTM neural network designed to predict the accuracy of magnitude estimates computed by Early-est during the first minutes after an earthquake occurs.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Keywords: Machine Learning ; Neural Network ; LSTM ; Early-est ; Earthquake ; Tsunami ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Hydroacoustic monitoring of seafloor spreading and transform faulting in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-04
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Parnell-Turner, R., Smith, D. K., & Dziak, R. P. Hydroacoustic monitoring of seafloor spreading and transform faulting in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 127(7), (2022): e2022JB024008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024008.
    Description: Seismicity along mid-ocean ridges and oceanic transform faults provides insights into the processes of crustal accretion and strike-slip deformation. In the equatorial Atlantic ocean, the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset by some of the longest-offset transform faults on Earth, which remain relatively poorly understood due to its remote location far from land-based teleseismic receivers. A catalog of T-phase events detected by an array of 10 autonomous hydrophones deployed between 2011 and 2015, extending from 20°N to 10°S is presented. The final catalog of 6,843 events has a magnitude of completeness of 3.3, compared to 4.4 for the International Seismic Center teleseismic catalog covering the same region, and allows investigation of the dual processes of crustal accretion and transform fault slip. The seismicity rate observed at asymmetric spreading segments (those hosting detachment faults) is significantly higher than that of symmetric spreading centers, and 74% of known hydrothermal vents along the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge occur on asymmetric spreading segments. Aseismic patches are present on nearly all equatorial Atlantic transform faults, including on the Romanche transform where regional rotation and transpression could explain both bathymetric uplift and reduction in seismic activity. The observed patterns in seismicity provide insight into the thermal and mechanical structure of the ridge axis and associated transform faults, and potentially provide a method for investigating the distribution of hydrothermal vent systems.
    Description: This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants EAR-1062238, EAR-1062165, and OCE-1839727. This paper is NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution 5323.
    Keywords: Mid-ocean ridge ; Oceanic transform fault ; T-phase ; Earthquake ; Hydrothermal vent
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 13
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    Fire Mountains of the Islands (2021)
    ANU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Volcanic eruptions have killed thousands of people and damaged homes, villages, infrastructure, subsistence gardens, and hunting and fishing grounds in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The central business district of a town was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in the case of Rabaul in 1994. Volcanic disasters litter not only the recent written history of both countries—particularly Papua New Guinea—but are recorded in traditional stories as well. Furthermore, evidence for disastrous volcanic eruptions many times greater than any witnessed in historical times is to be found in the geological record. Volcanic risk is greater today than at any time previously because of larger, mainly sedentary populations on or near volcanoes in both countries. An attempt is made in this book to review what is known about past volcanic eruptions and disasters with a view to determining how best volcanic risk can be reduced today in this tectonically complex and volcanically threatening region
    Keywords: emergency management ; papua new guinea ; solomon islands ; volcanic eruptions ; Caldera ; Earthquake ; Rabaul ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNW The Earth: natural history: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Bifurcations at the Stability Transition of Earthquake Faulting (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Tectonic faults typically break in a single rupture mode within the range of styles from slow slip to dynamic earthquake failure. However, in increasingly well‐documented instances, the same fault segment fails in both slow and fast modes within a short period, as in the sequences that culminated in the 2011 Mw = 9.0 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan, and 2014 Mw = 8.2 Iquique, Chile, earthquakes. Why slow slip alternates with dynamic rupture in certain regions but not in others is not well understood. Here, we integrate laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the physical conditions leading to cycles where the two rupture styles alternate. We show that a bifurcation takes place near the stability transition with sequences encompassing various rupture modes under constant loading rate. The range of frictional instabilities and slip cycles identified in this study represents important end‐members to understand the interaction of slow and fast slip on the same fault segment.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020GL087985
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Friction ; Earthquake physics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    The Role of Shear Fabric in Controlling Breakdown Processes During Laboratory Slow‐Slip Events (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Understanding the physical mechanisms at the origin of slow‐slip events has been proven a very challenging task. In particular, little is known on the role of fault heterogeneity during slow slip. In this study, we provide evidences that fault fabric controls slip velocity time histories during slow‐slip events generated in the laboratory. We performed experiments using a double‐direct biaxial shear apparatus and two different fault gouges, homogeneous quartz powder, and heterogeneous anhydrite/dolomite mixture. We measure details of fault slip to resolve the slip velocity function and volumetric deformation that, coupled with an analysis of the resulting microstructure, allow us to infer the mechanical processes at play. Our results show that slow‐slip events can be generated for both fault gouges when k ~ kc with similar values of breakdown work. The shear fabric exerts a strong influence during the coseismic breakdown stage. In quartz, where most of the slip occurs on a very localized slipping surface, the peak slip velocity is attained near the final stage of friction breakdown and therefore a relevant amount of the mechanical work is absorbed during slip acceleration. In anhydrite/dolomite mixture, the peak slip velocity is suddenly reached after a relatively small drop in friction, accompanied by fault dilation, implying that most of the mechanical work is absorbed during slip deceleration. For anhydrite/dolomite mixture these results are likely related to heterogeneous slip distribution along the observed foliation. Taken together, these observations suggest that the mechanics of slow‐slip events depends on shear zone fabric.
    Description: Sapienza Grant Ateneo 2018 to C. C. and Horizon 2020 innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska‐Curie 656676 FEAT to M. M. S.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2020JB020405
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Friction ; Earthquake physics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Comparing the tsunamigenic potential of two alternative earthquake rupture scenarios in the Ionian Sea (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-12
    Description: Description of tsunami numerical simulations to verify if a hypothetical earthquake rupture on the Alfeo Fault System could generate a significant tsunami in the Ionian Sea.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami ; Numerical Simulation ; Alfeo Fault System ; Calabrian Arc ; Sicily ; Ionian Sea ; Italy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 17
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    Terremoti in relazione a fenomeni elettrici e magnetici (Milne, 1890). Traduzione commentata. (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-18
    Description: Questa è una traduzione commentata del raro documento citato da oltre un secolo di bibliografia come “Milne, 1890”. Si è studiato il testo per verificare la realisticità di alcune recenti affermazioni sul fatto che questo rapporto (oggi difficilmente reperibile) avesse trattato per la prima volta di precursori elettromagnetici. Si è cercato di indagare su ogni episodio e personaggio, identificando i criptici (e a volte inesistenti) riferimenti bibliografici, rintracciando quasi tutti i testi, ampliando e commentando spesso le relative citazioni. La mia opinione è che nessuno all’epoca di Milne avesse consapevolmente, ma forse nemmeno accidentalmente, osservato un precursore di origine elettromagnetica. I fenomeni descritti sono studiati da un punto di vista puramente elettrico o magnetico. I segnali elettrici riguardano tensioni e correnti troppo alte. I fenomeni magnetici già all’epoca furono contestati come prodotti di effetti inerziali ma comunque è difficile pensare che la componente campo magnetico di un segnale EM possa deviare stabilmente l’ago di una bussola. Questa stessa ricerca ha tuttavia portato alla luce qualche altro caso sospetto che sarebbe opportuno indagare in modo più approfondito, in quanto potrebbe risultare realmente il primo caso documentabile dell’osservazione di un precursore elettromagnetico del terremoto.
    Description: This is a commented translation of the rare document cited by more than a century of bibliography as "Milne, 1890". The text was studied to verify the veracity of some recent claims that this report (presently difficult to find) had dealt with electromagnetic precursors for the first time. An attempt was made to investigate each episode and character, identifying the cryptic (and sometimes non-existent) bibliographic references, tracing almost all the texts, often expanding and commenting on the relative citations. My opinion is that no one, at the time of Milne, had consciously, but maybe not even accidentally, observed a precursor of electromagnetic origin. The phenomena described are studied from either a purely electrical or magnetic point of view. Electrical signals concern too high voltages and currents. Magnetic phenomena, already at the time, were contested as products of inertial effects, but in any case it is difficult to think that the magnetic field component of an EM signal can permanently deflect the needle of a compass. However this same research has brought to light some other potentially interesting cases that should be investigated further. One of them, could actually be the first documentable case of the observation of an electromagnetic seismic precursor.
    Description: Progetto INGV “Pianeta Dinamico” (codice progetto INGV 1020.010) finanziato dal MIUR ("Fondo finalizzato al rilancio degli investimenti delle amministrazioni centrali dello Stato e allo sviluppo del Paese", legge 145/2018).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; electric precursors ; magnetic precursors ; precursorori ; terremoto ; electromagnetic precursors ; precursori elettromagnetici ; John Milne ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
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  • 18
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    Earthquakes in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2017 and 2018 (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-12
    Description: This report summarizes the seismicity in Switzerland and surrounding regions in the years 2017 and 2018. In 2017 and 2018, the Swiss Seismological Service detected and located 1227 and 955 earthquakes in the region under considera- tion, respectively. The strongest event in the analysed period was the ML 4.6 Urnerboden earthquake, which occurred in the border region of cantons Uri, Glarus and Schwyz on March 6, 2017. The event was the strongest earthquake within Switzerland since the ML 5.0 Vaz earthquake of 1991. Associated ground motions indicating intensity IV were reported in a radius up to about 50 km and locally approached intensity VI in the region close to the epicentre. Derived focal mechanisms and relative hypocentre relocations of the immediate aftershocks image a NNW–SSE striking sinistral strike-slip fault. Together with other past events in this region, the Urnerboden earthquake suggests the existence of a system of sub-parallel strike-slip faults, likely within in the uppermost crystalline basement of the eastern Aar Massif. A vigorous earthquake sequence occurred close to Château-d’Oex in the Préalpes-Romandes region in western Switzer- land. With a magnitude of ML 4.3, the strongest earthquake of the sequence occurred on July 1, 2017. Focal mechanism and relative relocations of fore- and aftershocks image a NNE dipping normal fault in about 4 km depth. Two similarly oriented shallow normal-fault events occurred between subalpine Molasse and Préalpes units close to Châtel-St-Denis and St. Silvester in 2017/18. Together, these events indicate a domain of NE–SW oriented extensional to transtensional deformation along the Alpine Front between Lake Geneva in the west and the Fribourg Fault in the east. The structural complexity of the Fribourg Fault is revealed by an ML 2.9 earthquake near Tafers in 2018. The event images a NW–SE striking fault segment within the crystalline basement, which might be related to the Fribourg Fault Zone. Finally, the ML 2.8 Grenchen earthquake of 2017 provides a rare example of shallow thrust faulting along the Jura fold-and-thrust belt, indicating contraction in the northwestern Alpine foreland of Switzerland.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 4
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Focal mechanisms ; Seismotectonics ; Urnerboden ; Aar Massif ; Château-d’oex ; Préalpes ; Fribourg ; Jura fold-and-thrust belt ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    3D physics-based seismic shaking scenarios for city of Zagreb, Capital of Croatia (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: In this work, we assess ground shaking in the wider Zagreb area by computing simulated seismograms at regional distances. For the purposes of the simulations, we assemble the 3D velocity and density model and test its performance. First, we compare the low-frequency simulations obtained using deterministic method for both new 3D model and a simple 1D model. We then continue the performance test by computing the full broadband seismo- grams. To do that, we apply the hybrid technique in which the low frequency (f〈1 Hz) and high frequency (f=1–10 Hz) seismograms are obtained separately using deterministic and stochastic method, respectively, and then reconciled into a single time series. We apply this method to the MW=5.3 event and four smaller (3.0〈MW〈5.0) events that occurred in the studied region. We compare simulated data with the recorded seismograms and vali- date our results by calculating the goodness of fit score for peak ground velocity and shak- ing duration. Next, to improve the understanding of the strong ground motion in this area, we simulate seismic shaking scenarios for the 1880, MW = 6.2 earthquake. From computed low-frequency waveforms, we generate shakemaps and compare the ground-motion fea- tures of the two possible sources of this event, Kašina fault and North Medvednica fault. We conduct a preliminary study to determine which fault is a more probable source of the 1880 historic event by comparing the peak ground velocities and Arias intensity with the observed intensities.
    Description: Croatian Science Foundation under the Project No. IP-2020-02-3960 European Commission, H2020 Excel- lence Science [ChEESE (Grant No. 823844)]
    Description: Published
    Description: 167–192
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Numerical simulation ; 3D ground motion ; Earthquake ; Central Croatia ; Zagreb ; Seismic wave propagation ; 3D crustal model ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 20
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    Seismic and Geodetic Crustal Moment-Rates Comparison: New Insights on the Seismic Hazard of Egypt (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: A comparative analysis of geodetic versus seismic moment-rate estimations makes it possible to distinguish between seismic and aseismic deformation, define the style of deformation, and also to reveal potential seismic gaps. This analysis has been performed for Egypt where the present-day tectonics and seismicity result from the long-lasting interaction between the Nubian, Eurasian, and Arabian plates. The data used comprises all available geological and tectonic information, an updated Poissonian earthquake catalog (2200 B.C.–2020 A.D.) including historical and instrumental datasets, a focal-mechanism solutions catalog (1951–2019), and crustal geodetic strains from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The studied region was divided into ten (EG-01 to EG-10) crustal seismic sources based mainly on seismicity, focal mechanisms, and geodetic strain characteristics. The delimited seismic sources cover the Gulf of Aqaba–Dead Sea Transform Fault system, the Gulf of Suez–Red Sea Rift, besides some potential seismic active regions along the Nile River and its delta. For each seismic source, the estimation of seismic and geodetic moment-rates has been performed. Although the obtained results cannot be considered to be definitive, among the delimited sources, four of them (EG-05, EG-06, EG-08, and EG-10) are characterized by low seismic-geodetic moment-rate ratios (〈20%), reflecting a prevailing aseismic behavior. Intermediate moment-rate ratios (from 20% to 60%) have been obtained in four additional zones (EG-01, EG-04, EG-07, and EG-09), evidencing how the seismicity accounts for a minor to a moderate fraction of the total deformational budget. In the other two sources (EG-02 and EG-03), high seismic-geodetic moment-rates ratios (〉60%) have been observed, reflecting a fully seismic deformation
    Description: This research has been partially funded in the frame of the Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020-call made by the University of Jaén, 2018.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7836
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity ; GNSS ; Strain ; seismic hazard ; Egypt ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 21
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    Seismological profile across Longmenshan Fault - LONGMEN-P (2018-2020) (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The main aim of this project is to investigate the crustal and mantle structure beneath the Longmenshan fault zone in China, based on a very dense passive seismology profile. The Longmenshan fault zone hosted the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008 with a magnitude (Mw) of 7.9 and the Lushan earthquake of June 2013 with a magnitude (Mw) of 6.6. It is planned to mainly use the receiver-function method, to investigate the crustal and mantle structure beneath the Longmenshan fault zone. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data center, under network code 4O, and are embargoed until February 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Earthquake ; Receiver functions ; Crustal and mantle structure ; China ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 22
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    Atlas of Remote Sensing of the Wenchuan Earthquake (2020)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan County earthquake caused devastating loss of human life and property. Applying all the remote sensing technology available, the Chinese Academy of Sciences immediately launched into action, making full use of its state-of-the-art facilities, remote sensing planes, and satellites to amass invaluable optical and radar data. This unprecedented use of comprehensive remote sensing techniques provided accurate, up to the minute information for disaster management and has left us with a visually stunning and beautiful record that is as much a scientific achievement as it is an artistic one. Based on the accumulated data and images collected by the Project Team of Remote Sensing Monitoring and Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, Atlas of Remote Sensing of the Wenchuan Earthquake documents the events as they happened in real time. The book covers the disaster from six aspects: geological, barrier lakes, collapsed buildings, damaged roads, destroyed farmland and forests, and demolished infrastructure. It also demonstrates that the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, which has been standing for 2000 years, remains fully functioning, and keeps the Chengdu Plain operating optimally even after the earthquake. Translated into English for the first time, the Atlas presents a pictorial summation of this unique project. It chronicles the event with over 280 before and after color images from a range of perspectives. This volume dramatically demonstrates the value of remote sensing for understanding how an earthquake unfolds and the potential of remote sensing in helping coordinate emergency relief. A pictorial record of events as they unfolded, this book provides a systematic documentation of earthquake damage that can be used to prepare for future seismic events.
    Keywords: Atlas ; Earthquake ; Remote ; Sensing ; Wenchuan ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering::TNCE Earthquake engineering
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    La sismicità storica dell'isola senza terremoti (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: probably confirm this opinion, with qualifica ons. Historical earthquake catalogues, up to CPTI11 [Rovida et al., 2011], report only one Mw 5.1 event on 13 November 1948: it was located in the Sardinian Sea, and had very modest effects on land. In later decades, the seismic networks did record very few earthquakes of moderate energy (Mw 〈5), mostly located off-shore, either south-east of Cagliari or west of Olbia or in the Sea of Sardinia. The most recent ones (occurred in 2000, 2004 and 2006) had very slight effects on the island. Given the low level of instrumental seismicity and the weak macroseismic effects of known historical earthquakes, Sardinia's seismic risk is perceived as very low. The low seismicity of the region certainly has a geological explana on, given that the Corsica-Sardinia block is among the most stable areas of the Mediterranean basin. “Low”, however, does not mean “non- existent”: recent historical research has improved knowledge on the major known historical earthquake of Sardinia (it occurred on June 4, 1616 and was responsible for minor but widespread damage to the system of coastal watchtowers, south-west of Cagliari) and rediscovered several minor earthquakes, part of which were known to the seismological tradi on but had been almost completely forgo en. This paper collects all the documenta on available at present on the seismic history of Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-160
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sardinia ; Seismicity ; Seismic history ; Historical Earthquakes ; Historical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 24
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    From mapped faults to fault-length earthquake magnitude (FLEM): a test on Italy with methodological implications (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Empirical scaling relationships between fault or slip dimensions and earthquake magnitudes are often used to assess the maximum possible earthquake magnitude of a territory. Upon the assumption of the reactivability of any fault, the earthquake magnitudes derived from the surface fault length (FLEM) are compared at the national scale in Italy against catalogued magnitudes. FLEMs are obtained by considering a comprehensive fault dataset regardless of fault age, stress field orientation, strain rate, etc. In particular, (1) a comprehensive catalogue of all known faults is compiled by merging the most complete databases available; (2) FLEM is then derived from fault length; and (3) the resulting FLEMs are compared (i.e. the mathematical difference) with catalogued earthquake magnitudes. Results show that the largest FLEMs as well as the largest differences between FLEMs and catalogued magnitudes are observed for poorly constrained faults, mainly inferred from subsurface data. It is suggested that these areas have to be further characterized to better estimate fault dimension and segmentation and hence properly assess the FLEM. Where, in contrast, the knowledge of faults is geologically well constrained, the calculated FLEM is often consistent with the catalogued seismicity, with the 2 value of the distribution of differences being 1.47 and reducing to 0.53 when considering only the Mw 6:5 earthquakes. Our work highlights areas, in Italy, where further detailed studies on faults are required.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1555–1579
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Italy ; Seismicity ; Itaalian seismicity
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  • 25
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    How well does known seismicity between the Lower Rhine Graben and southern North Sea reflect future earthquake activity? (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Since the 14th century, moderate seismic activity with 14 earthquakes of magnitude MW≥5.0 occurred in Western Europe in a region extending from the Lower Rhine Graben (LRG) to the southern North Sea. In this paper, we investigate how well this seismic activity could reflect that of the future. The observed earthquake activity in the LRG is continuous and concentrates on the Quaternary normal faults delimiting the LRG, which are also the source of large surface rupturing Holocene and Late Pleistocene earthquakes. The estimated magnitudes of these past earthquakes range from 6.3±0.3 to 7.0±0.3 while their average recurrence on individual faults varies from ten thousand to a few ten thousand years, which makes foreseeing future activity over the long-term possible. Three of the largest historical earthquakes with MW≥5.5 occurred outside the LRG. Late Quaternary activity along the fault zones suspected to be the source of two of these earthquakes, i.e. the 1580 Strait of Dover and 1692 northern Belgian Ardennes earthquakes, is very elusive if it exists. Hence, similar earthquakes would be very infrequent at these locations suggesting that the seismicity outside of the LRG would be episodic and clustered on some faults during periods of a few hundreds of years interrupted by long periods of inactivity typically lasting for some tens to hundreds of thousand years. Seismic moment release estimation and its comparison between recent geological and historical seismicity periods lead us to suggest that the high seismicity level observed between AD 1350 and AD 1700 west of the LRG would be uncommon.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; Seismicity ; Earthquake ; Fault zone ; Historical earthquake ; Holocene ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article_first
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  • 26
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    Surface ruptures following the 26 December 2018, Mw 4.9, Mt. Etna earthquake, Sicily (Italy) (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: We present a 1:10,000 scale map of the coseismic surface ruptures following the 26 December 2018 Mw 4.9 earthquake that struck the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (southern Italy). Detailed rupture mapping is based on extensive field surveys in the epicentral region. Despite the small size of the event, we were able to document surface faulting for about 8 km along the trace of the NNW-trending active Fiandaca Fault, belonging to the Timpe tectonic system in the eastern flank of the volcano. The mapped ruptures are characterized in most cases by perceivable opening and by a dominant right-oblique sense of slip, with an average slip of about 0.09 m and a peak value of 0.35 m. It is also noteworthy that the ruptures vary significantly in their kinematic expression, denoting locally high degree of complexity of the surface faulting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 831-837
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Surface faulting ; Coseismic ruptures ; Geological prompt survey ; 2018 Mt. Etna volcano seismic sequence ; Earthquake ; 04.04. Geology
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  • 27
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    GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for earthquake response: a case study of expert opinion in Vancouver, Canada (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-19
    Description: GIS-based multicriteria evaluation (MCE) provides a framework for analysing complex decision problems by quantifying variables of interest to score potential locations according to their suitability. In the context of earthquake preparedness and post-disaster response, MCE has relied mainly on uninformed or non-expert stakeholders to identify high-risk zones, prioritise areas for response, or highlight vulnerable populations. In this study, we compare uninformed, informed non-expert, and expert stakeholders’ responses in MCE modelling for earthquake response planning in Vancouver, Canada. Using medium- to low-complexity MCE models, we highlight similarities and differences in the importance of infrastructural and socioeconomic variables, emergency services, and liquefaction potential between a non-weighted MCE, a medium-complexity informed non-expert MCE, and a low-complexity MCE informed by 35 local earthquake planning and response experts from governmental and non-governmental organisations. Differences in the observed results underscore the importance of accessible, expert-informed approaches for prioritising locations for earthquake response planning and for the efficient and geographically precise allocation of resources.
    Description: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (1041)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Multicriteria evaluation ; Earthquake ; Disaster response ; Natural hazards ; Expert knowledge ; Participatory mapping
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Stick-slip vs. stable sliding fault behaviour: A case-study using a multidisciplinary approach in the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In active volcanic zones, fault dynamics is considerably fast but it is often difficult to separate the pattern of nearly continuous large-scale volcanic processes (inflation/deflation processes, flank instability) from impulsive episodes such as dyke intrusions or coseismic fault displacements. At Etna, multidisciplinary studies on active faults whose activity does not strictly depend on volcanic processes, are relatively few. Here we present the case-study of the San Leonardello fault, an active structure located in the eastern flank of Mt. Etna characterised by a well-known seismic history. This fault saw renewed activity in May 2009, when pre-seismic creeping along the southern segment preceded an MW 4.0 earthquake in the northern segment, followed by some twenty-five aftershocks. Later, in March–April 2016, creep events reactivated the southern section of the same fault. Both the seismic and aseismic phenomena were recorded by the seismic and GNSS networks of INGV-Osservatorio Etneo, and produced surface faulting that left a footprint in the pattern of ground deformation detected by the InSAR measurements. We demonstrate that the integration of multidisciplinary data collected for volcano surveillance may shed light on different aspects of fault dynamics, and allow understanding how coseismic slip and creep alternate in space and time along the strike. Moreover, we use findings from our independent datasets to propose a conceptual model of the San Leonardello fault, taking into account behaviour and previous constraints from fault-based seismic hazard analyses. Although the faulting mechanisms described here occur at a very small scale compared with those of a purely tectonic setting, this case-study may represent a perfect natural lab for improving knowledge of seismogenic processes, also in other fault zones characterised by stick slip vs. stablesliding fault behaviour.
    Description: Published
    Description: 228554
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fault ; Earthquake ; Creep ; Seismotectonics ; Behaviour ; Mt. Etna volcano ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
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  • 29
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    Seiscloud, a tool for density-based seismicity clustering and visualization (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: Clustering algorithms can be applied to seismic catalogs to automatically classify earthquakes upon the similarity of their attributes, in order to extract information on seismicity processes and faulting patterns out of large seismic datasets. We describe here a Python open-source software for density-based clustering of seismicity named seiscloud, based on the pyrocko library for seismology. Seiscloud is a tool to dig data out of large local, regional, or global seismic catalogs and to automatically recognize seismicity clusters, characterized by similar features, such as epicentral or hypocentral locations, origin times, focal mechanisms, or moment tensors. Alternatively, the code can rely on user-provided distance matrices to identify clusters of events sharing indirect features, such as similar waveforms. The code can either process local seismic catalogs or download selected subsets of seismic catalogs, accessing different global seismicity catalog providers, perform the seismic clustering over different steps in a flexible, easily adaptable approach, and provide results in form of declustered seismic catalogs and a number of illustrative figures. Here, the algorithm usage is explained and discussed through an application to Northern Chile seismicity.
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ (4217)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Seismicity ; Clustering ; Location ; Moment tensor
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Seismicity in the Northern Rhine Area (1995–2018) (2020)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: Since the mid-1990s, the local seismic network of the University of Cologne has produced digital seismograms. The data all underwent a daily routine processing. For this study, we re-processed data of almost a quarter century of seismicity in the Northern Rhine Area (NRA), including the Lower Rhine Embayment (LRE) and the Eifel Mountain region (EMR). This effort included refined discrimination between tectonic earthquakes, mine-induced events, and quarry blasts. While routine processing comprised the determination of local magnitude ML, in the course of this study, source spectra-based estimates for moment magnitude MW for 1332 earthquakes were calculated. The resulting relation between ML and MW agrees well with the theory of an ML ∝ 1.5 MW dependency at magnitudes below 3. By applying Gutenberg-Richter relation, the b-value for ML was less (0.82) than MW (1.03). Fault plane solutions for 66 earthquakes confirm the previously published N118° E direction of maximum horizontal stress in the NRA. Comparison of the seismicity with recently published Global Positioning System–based deformation data of the crust shows that the largest seismic activity during the observation period in the LRE occurred in the region with the highest dilatation rates. The stress directions agree well with the trend of major faults, and declining seismicity from south to north correlates with decreasing strain rates. In the EMR, earthquakes concentrate at the fringes of the area with corresponding the largest uplift.
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Northern Rhine Area ; Lower Rhine Embayment ; Eifel ; Seismicity ; Moment magnitude ; Crustal deformation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 31
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    Unknown
    Earthquakes in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2015 and 2016 (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: This report summarizes the seismicity in Switzerland and surrounding regions in the years 2015 and 2016. In 2015, the Swiss Seismological Service detected and located 735 earthquakes in the region under consideration. With a total of 20 earthquakes of magnitude ML C 2.5, the seismic activity of potentially felt events in 2015 was close to the average of 23 earthquakes over the previous 40 years. Seismic activity was above average in 2016 with 872 located earthquakes of which 31 events had ML C 2.5. The strongest event in the analyzed period was the ML 4.1 Salgesch earthquake, which occurred northeast of Sierre (VS) in October 2016. The event was felt in large parts of Switzerland and had a maximum intensity of V. Derived focal mechanisms and relative hypocenter relocations of aftershocks image a SSE dipping reverse fault, which likely also hosted an ML 3.9 earthquake in 2003. Another remarkable earthquake sequence in the Valais occurred close to Sion with four felt events (ML 2.7–3.2) in 2015/16. We associate this sequence with a system of WNW-ESE striking fault segments north of the Rhoˆne valley. Similarities with a sequence in 2011, which was located about 10 km to the NE, suggest the existence of an en-echelon system of basement faults accommodating dextral slip along the Rhoˆne-Simplon line in this area. Another exceptional earthquake sequence occurred close to Singen (Germany) in November 2016. Relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms image a SW dipping transtensional fault segment, which is likely associated with a branch of the Hegau-Bodensee Graben. On the western boundary of this graben, micro-earthquakes close to Schlattingen (TG) in 2015/16 are possibly related to a NE dipping branch of the Neuhausen Fault. Other cases of earthquakes felt by the public during 2015/16 include earthquakes in the region of Biel, Vallorcine, Solothurn, and Savognin.
    Description: SwissEnergy (http:// www.energieschweiz.ch) and the Swiss Federal Office of Energy for the financial support of project GEOBEST-CH; Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research—Supply of Electricity (http://www.sccer-soe.ch); Swiss-AlpArray SINERGIA project CRSII2_154434/1 by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
    Description: Published
    Description: 221–244
    Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio
    Description: 5IT. Osservatori
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Magnitude of completeness ; Focal mechanisms ; Seismotectonics ; Rhone-Simplon line ; Hegau-Bodensee graben ; Basel ; Aar massif ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 32
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    A Complete Automatic Procedure to Compile Reliable Seismic Catalogs and Travel‐Time and Strong‐Motion Parameters Datasets (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-26
    Description: The compilation of reliable and complete seismic catalogs represents a fundamental issue for most studies in seismology. Nowadays, the availability of an ever-increasing number of stations and, therefore, the huge amount of recordings to be processed and analyzed require a lot of effort in terms of man-hours. In the present work, we present a fully automatic procedure for compiling seismic catalogs starting from continuous recordings. The procedure relies on a multistep algorithm that includes event detection tool, automatic P- and S-phase picker, hypocenter locator, and magnitude and strong-motion parameter calculator. This automatic procedure is applied for compiling seismic catalogs for two real-world usage scenarios starting from the openaccess waveform database provided by European Integrated Data Archive. The first scenario concerns the monitoring of the seismicity of northwestern Italy; the second one concerns the analysis of the data recorded during the first month of the 2016 sequence in central Italy. The comparison between reference manually revised and automatic seismic catalogs points out negligible differences in terms of both P- and S-phase pickings, hypocentral coordinates, and local magnitude values, thus showing the overall reliability of the procedure. The ability of the proposed automatic procedure in detecting and locating very low-magnitude events is prominent to compile automatic catalogs characterized by a magnitude of completeness significantly lower than that of reference manual catalogs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1308-1317
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismic Catalogue ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 33
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    The Seismicity of Ischia Island (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-09
    Description: Ischia is a volcanic island, west of the caldera of Campi Flegrei, southern Italy. Since the deployment of a modern seismic network in 1970, until the 21 August 2017 earthquake, the seismicity of Ischia has been characterized by low-magnitude (Md ≤ 2:3) earthquakes located in the northern part of the island, mostly beneath the town of Casamicciola Terme at very shallow depths (∼500 m). Some of these events seem to have occurred on the same seismogenetic structure in the northern part of the island. This area coincides with that where the devastating events of 1881 and 1883 occurred and where the small-magnitude seismicity recorded between 1927 and 1936 was located. The August 2017 seismic sequence affected the same area. The current network configuration is able to locate shallow events with Md ≥ 1:0 and to detect smaller earthquakes or other types of natural and artificial events (e.g., blast fishing, geothermal well explosions; see The Seismic Network section). Here, we present the catalog of earthquakes recorded on Ischia between 1999 and February 2018 and compare the August 2017 seismic sequence with the background seismicity. Furthermore, we identified a sequence of events possibly linked to the explosion of a geothermal well on the island.
    Description: This work benefited of the project “Sale operative integrate e reti di monitoraggio del futuro: l’INGV 2.0,” Fondo integrativo speciale per la ricerca (FISR) anni 2016 e 2017 (Delibera n. 78/2017). Furthermore, this work benefited of the agreement between Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1750-1760
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia ; Seismic Network ; Seismicity
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 34
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 55 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 31 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, inklusive einer Ausgabe zur "Internationalen Magnetosphären Studie" und einer Ausgabe "Elektromagnetik", veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1984.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 55 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Seismicity and dynamics of the Upper Rhinegraben〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bonjer, K.-P., Gelbke, C., Gilg, B., Rouland, D., Mayer-Rosa, D., Massinon, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0012.pdf"〉The crustal structure of the southern Rhinegraben from re-interpretation of seismic refraction data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Zuccu, J. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0013.pdf"〉On the identification of a transition zone in electrical conductivity between the lithosphere and asthenosphere: a plea for more precise phase data〈/a〉〈br〉(Cavaliere, T., Jones, A. G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0014.pdf"〉The influence of geomagnetic variations on pipelines and an application for large-scale magnetotelluric depth sounding〈/a〉〈br〉 (Brasse, H., Junge, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Some characteristics of the horizontal field variations around the geomagnetic jerk of 1970〈/a〉〈br〉 (Nevanlinna, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Ground-based observations of a very intense substorm-related pulsation event〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lühr, H., Klöcker, N., Thürey, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Dreidimensionale Seismik in der Exploration auf Kohlenwasserstoff-Lagerstätten〈/a〉〈br〉 (Dürschner, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Long-term variations recorded by extensometers〈/a〉〈br〉 (Varga, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schneider, G., Jentzsch, G., Schick, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Preface to the special issue ”Sixt Workshop on IMS observations in Northern Europe” held in Cumberland Logde, Windsor from 16-20 May 1983〈/a〉〈br〉 (Orr, D., Untiedt, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Magnetospheric hydromagnetic waves: their eigenperiods, amplitudes and phase variations; a tutorial introduction〈/a〉〈br〉(Orr, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0023.pdf"〉ELF intensity levels at geostationary orbit and pulsating aurora〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ward, I. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Ground observations of geomagnetic pulsations during a quiet magnetospheric interval correlated with satellite plasma measurements〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gough, H., Orr, D., Wedeken, U.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Period, phase and resonant structure of a pulsation event seen by the ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft on 2–3 April 1978〈/a〉〈br〉(Gardner, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Pc5 pulsations and their possible source mechanisms: a case study〈/a〉〈br〉(Glaßmeier, K., Lester, M., Mier-Jedrzejowicz, W., Green, C., Rostoker, G., Orr, D., Wedeken, U., Junginger, H., Amata, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Ground-satellite coordinated study of the April 5, 1979 events: flux variations of energetic particles and associated magnetic pulsations〈/a〉〈br〉(Wedeken, U., Inhester, B., Korth, A., Glaßmeier, K., Gendrin, R., Lanzerotti, L., Gough, H., Green, C., Amata, E., Pedersen, A., Rostoker, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Ground-satellite coordinated study of the April 5, 1979 events: observation of O〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 cyclotron waves〈/a〉〈br〉(Inhester, B., Wedeken, U., Korth, A., Perraut, S., Stokholm, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Preface to an “electromagnetic issue” initiated by a symposium of IAGA Working Group I-3 on August 23, 1983, during the IUGG General assembly in Hamburg〈/a〉〈br〉(Haak, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Deep electromagnetic studies of the Baltic Shield〈/a〉〈br〉(Hjelt, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Magnetometer array studies in Finland – determination of single station transfer functions〈/a〉〈br〉(Pajunpää, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Models of geoelectrical anomalies in Czechoslovakia〈/a〉〈br〉(Červ, V., Pek, J., Praus, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0033.pdf"〉The electrical conductivity of the Andean crust in northern Chile and southern Bolivia as inferred from magnetotelluric measurements〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwarz, G., Haak, V., Martínez, E., Bannister, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Electrical conductivity of the asthenosphere〈/a〉〈br〉(Vanyan, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0035.pdf"〉A high conductivity anomaly on the West African craton (Mali)〈/a〉〈br〉(Ritz, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Search for a possible electromagnetic coupling between a transatlantic communication cable and the magma chamber in the mid-Atlantic ridge〈/a〉〈br〉(Meloni, A., Gregori, G., Lanzerotti, L., Medford, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0038.pdf"〉A new pulsed audiomagnetotelluric technique〈/a〉〈br〉(Schnegg, P.-A., Fischer, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Preliminary results of MHD test registrations in northern Finland〈/a〉〈br〉(Heikka, J., Zhamaletdinov, A., Hjelt, S., Demidova, T., Velikhov, Y.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Bimodal induction in non-uniform thin sheets: do the present algorithms work for regional studies?〈/a〉〈br〉(Mareschal, M., Vasseur, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Solution of the stationary approximation for MT fields in the layered Earth with 3D and 2D inhomogeneities〈/a〉〈br〉(Hvoždara, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Analogue-model magnetic field responses of an ocean channel, an island and a seamount in the Hainan Island region〈/a〉〈br〉(Hu, W. B., Dosso, H. W., Nienaber, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0055/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Conductivity modellling of the Earth using solar and lunar daily magnetic variations〈/a〉〈br〉(Winch, D. E.)〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Africa ; Asthenosphere ; Aurora ; Baltic Shield ; China ; Czechoslovakia ; Earth’s Crust ; ELAS project ; Electrojets ; Electromagnetic Induction ; ELF waves ; Exploration Seismics ; Geomagnetic Induction Studies ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Geomagnetic Secular Variation ; Geomagnetic Variations ; Hydromagnetic Waves ; Ion Cyclotron Waves ; Magnetometer Arrays ; Magnetospheric Plasma ; Magnetotellurics ; MHD generator ; Pipelines ; Refraction Seismology ; Rhinegraben ; Satellite Observations ; Seismicity ; South America ; Transatlantic Cable ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 35
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    Water-table and discharge changes associated with the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in central Italy: hydrogeological data and a conceptual model for fractured carbonate aquifers (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
    Description: A seismic sequence in central Italy from August 2016 to January 2017 affected groundwater dynamics in fractured carbonate aquifers. Changes in spring discharge, water-table position, and streamflow were recorded for several months following nine Mw 5.0–6.5 seismic events. Data from 22 measurement sites, located within 100 km of the epicentral zones, were analyzed. The intensity of the induced changes were correlated with seismic magnitude and distance to epicenters. The additional post-seismic discharge from rivers and springs was found to be higher than 9 m3/s, totaling more than 0.1 km3 of groundwater release over 6 months. This huge and unexpected contribution increased streamflow in narrow mountainous valleys to previously unmeasured peak values. Analogously to the L’Aquila 2009 postearthquake phenomenon, these hydrogeological changes might reflect an increase of bulk hydraulic conductivity at the aquifer scale, which would increase hydraulic heads in the discharge zones and lower them in some recharge areas. The observed changes may also be partly due to other mechanisms, such as shaking and/or squeezing effects related to intense subsidence in the core of the affected area, where effects had maximum extent, or breaching of hydraulic barriers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1009–1026
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Groundwater monitoring ; Italy ; Co-seismic effects ; Carbonate rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 36
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    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 45 (2019)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148:45
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 44 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Seismologie, Erdmagnetismus und Gesteinsphysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1978.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 45 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Magnetotelluric investigation of the lower crust and upper mantle Beneath Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Beblo, M., Björnsson, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Damped and constrained least squares method with application to gravity interpretation〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vigneresse, J. L.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Reappraisal of palaeomagnetism of the Colli Euganei and Monti Lessini Volcanics (Italy) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Channell, J. E. T., De Zanche, V., Sedea, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Reinterpretation of palaeomagnetism of the Colli Euganei and Monti Lessini (Italy) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Observations of the initial develpopment of an auroral and magnetic substorm at magnetic midnight〈/a〉〈br〉 (Untiedt, J., Pellinen, R., Küppers, F., Opgenoorth, H. J., Pelster, W. D., Baumjohann, W., Ranta, H., Kangas, J., Czechowsky, P., Heikkila, W. J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Ionospheric observation of gravity-waves associated with hurricane Eloise〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hung, R.J., Kuo, J. P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0016.pdf"〉On the annual wave of hemispheric geomagnetic activity〈/a〉〈br〉 (Damaske, D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Solar electron fluxes, increased geomagnetic activity and ionospheric absorption following selected flares〈/a〉〈br〉 (Märcz, F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0018.pdf"〉The H amplitude of sudden commencements of magnetic storms at Sabhawala (Dehra Dun) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jain, A. R., Sastri, N. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Crustal structure of the Reykjanes Ridge at 63° N derived from seismic measurements〈/a〉〈br〉 (Snoek, M., Goldflam, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Book review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Strobach, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Electron density in the South Atlantic anomaly region〈/a〉〈br〉 (Noor Sheikh, M., Rawer, K., Neske, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Inversion of satellite magnetic anomaly data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mayhew, M. A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0026.pdf"〉The effect of earth structure on radial oscillations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wang, C., Cleary, J. R., Anderssen, R. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Relationship between the seismic quality factor Q and the effective viscosity η〈/a〉〈br〉 (Meissner, R. O., Vetter, U. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0028.pdf"〉The wave field associated with a fine structured moho in continents and oceans〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kosminskaya, I. P., Kapustian, N. K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Tidal triggering of earthquakes in the Swabian jura? 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Young, D., Zürn, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Theoretical investigations on acoustic remote sensing of ocean surface waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Essen, H.-H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0031.pdf"〉A comparison of results of geothermal and magnetotelluric investigations in northwestern Germany〈/a〉〈br〉 (Knödel, K., Losecke, W., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Effect of the coastline configuration of south Indian and Sri Lanka regions on the induced field at short period〈/a〉〈br〉 (Takeda, M., Maeda, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Correction of graphs concerning the Chapman-Ferraro image method〈/a〉〈br〉 (Burkard, O. M., Rucker, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0036.pdf"〉On the difference between polarisation and coherence〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jones, A. G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Palaeosecular variation studies of the Brunhes epoch in the volcanic province of the East-Eifel, Germany〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kohnen, H., Westkämper, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Book review〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vees, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Sixth annual meeting of the European Geophysical Society〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Partial self-reversal of natural remanent magnetization of an historical lava flow of Mt. Etna (Sicily) 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Heller, F., Markert, H., Schmidbauer, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetic study of the tertiary volcanics of Sardinia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Edel, J.-B.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Analysis of an eastward electrojet by means of upward continuation of ground-based magnetometer data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mersmann, U., Baumjohann, W. Küppers, F., Lange, K.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Non-linear rheology and return flow in the mantle〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacoby, W. R., Ranalli, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Apennines region as inferred from the study of Rayleigh waves〈/a〉〈br〉 (Calcagnile, G., Panza, G. F.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0053.pdf"〉On the coastal effect on geoelectrical soundings〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mundry, E., Worzyk, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Observations of sPn from Swabian Alb earthquakes at the GRF array〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Macroseismic intensity map of Austria for the Swabian Alb earthquake of September 3, 1978〈/a〉〈br〉 (Drimmel, J., Fiegweil, E., Lukeschitz, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Das Schwerefeld im Bereich der Nordfriesischen Inseln und des benachbarten Festlands〈/a〉〈br〉 (Plaumann, S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Probable relations between seismic anisotropy and a fine structure of the lithosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Meissner, R. O., Flüh, E. R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Book reviews〈/a〉〈br〉 (Burkhardt, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Reinterpretation of a deep-seismic-sounding profile on the Ukrainian shield〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jentsch, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Extensions of the reflectivity method〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kind, R.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Ray amplitudes of compressional, shear and converted seismic body waves in 3D laterally inhomogeneous media with curved interfaces〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pšenčík, I.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Spectral analysis of Pc3 and Pc4 pulsations with regard to the dayside plasmapause position〈/a〉〈br〉 (Palandt, M.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0065.pdf"〉A theoretical investigation of the dipole- and unipole-resistivity methods for geoelectrical prospecting in Marine areas〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sebulke, J., Hildebrandt, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Paleomagnetism and rock magnetism of the Pliocene Rhyolite at San Vincenzo, Tuscany, Italy〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lowrie, W., Alvarez, W.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0067.pdf"〉On the presence of titanomagnetite in basalts〈/a〉〈br〉 (Radhakrishnamurty, C., Deutsch, E. R., Murthy, G. S.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0045/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetism of permo-triassic red sandstones from the northern Calcareous Alps〈/a〉〈br〉 (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Aurora ; Auroral Electrojet ; Austria ; Chapman-Ferraro Model ; Crustal Structure ; Earth Models ; Earthquakes ; Earth's Mantle ; Electrical Conductivity Anomalies ; Electromagnetic Induction ; Explosion Seismology ; Free Oscillation of Earth ; Geoelectrics ; Geomagnetic Activity ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Geothermics ; Germany ; Gravity Anomalies ; Hurricanes ; Iceland ; India ; Inverse Problems ; Ionosphere ; Ionosphäre ; Italy ; Lithosphere ; Magnetic Anomalies ; Magnetotellurics ; Moho ; Ocean Surface Waves ; Palaeomagnetism ; Polarisation Analysis ; Plasmapause ; Remote Sensing ; Rock Magnetism ; Seismic Anisotropy ; Seismicity ; Seismic Quality Factor Q ; Seismic Surface Waves ; Theoretical Seismograms ; USSR ; Viscosity of Earth ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 37
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    Seismotectonics of the 1755 Meknes earthquake (Morocco) (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-14
    Description: The November 1st, 1755 Lisbon earthquake has been largely studied, its source constrained to be a 200 long structure, its magnitude estimated around 8.7, and the stress regime argued as a NNW-SSE directed compression. Less well knoll is the Meknes earthquake, occurred a few days later in Morocco and considered the effect of a strong aftershock in Portugal. It had destructive effects in the Meknes region, along the E-W trending Rides Prérifaines, the main frontal thrust of the Rif. Historical data indicate an E-W elongation of the epicentral macroseismic area, where we surveyed the major recent faults. Historical descriptions of the earthquake indicate ground ruptures in two areas of the Rides Prérifaines. Field work and air photo interpretation allowed us to relate these ruptures with the local thrust front, so that they may be assumed to correspond to coseismic surface faulting of the Meknes earthquake
    Description: Published
    Description: Camerino, Italy
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Keywords: Seismotectonics ; Earthquake ; Surface rupture ; Rides Prerifaires
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 38
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    How to Survive Earthquakes: The Example of Norcia. (2019)
    Springer International Publishing AG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: In this paper lessons are extracted from the comparison between the very different consequences that similar earthquakes had on the neighbouring towns of Norcia and Amatrice during the 2016 seismic crisis of central Italy. It was found that the differences in damage were essentially due to the strengthening of most houses in Norcia done during the previous decades. This is also likely to lead to a much faster recover of the economy and livelihood in Norcia, as Amatrice needs to be entirely rebuilt.
    Description: Published
    Description: 403-412
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Damage ; Strengthening
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 39
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    Evaluating the structural priorities for the seismic vulnerability of civilian and industrial wastewater treatment plants (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Wastewater disposal systems are complex systems composed by several interconnected elements. In the aftermath of dramatic natural events, such as the earthquake, the failure of any of these elements can result in the deterioration of the environment as well as in the risk for the exposed population, due to leakage of untreated or un-properly treated wastewater on soil and/or its discharge into superficial waters. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary methodology for the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plants, based on damage observation of available earth- quake reports. Specific fragility curves and threshold values expressed in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) are presented and compared with existing functions. The methodology fully comply requirements of most relevant and effective risk analysis tools or for land-use planning and can be adopted for the definition of structural priorities of plants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 51-57
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant ; Earthquake ; NaTech ; Critical infrastructure ; Vulnerability ; Industrial risks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 40
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    Insights into the fragmentation of the Adria Plate (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: This study gives an interpretation of the current tectonics and kinematics of the Adria Plate, a region mostly coinciding with Italy and its surroundings. We have examined the spatial distribution and kinematics of seismicity by using an updated dataset obtained integrating the available catalogues of earthquakes and focal mechanisms. Moreover, to highlight the distribution of seismicity and of the asso- ciated strain patterns, we have elaborated a seismic flux map of the Italian region, which is a map of the energy released per unit time and per unit area. Seismic flux represents the energy released and provides a synthetic and continuous view of areas with greater seismicity and associated strain patterns with respect to the plot of earthquakes only. The seismic data, and the results of some elaborations car- ried out using these datasets have been compared with the present-day state of stress and slip rates of the major active faults of some sectors of Italy, as well as with the horizontal kinematics highlighted by GPS observations. The distribution and kinematics of earthquakes and active faults, the seismic flux, and GPS velocities, suggest that the Adria Plate is currently behaving as an ensemble of independent blocks rather than as a unique rigid plate. The Adria Plate can be thus subdivided into three major blocks and a number of smaller blocks moving independently under the action of a first-order mechanism related to the ongoing, roughly N-S, Europe-Africa convergence vector. This complicated setting may promote the occurrence of mutual relationships between blocks, and generate peculiar local kinematics causing seis- mic activity. We infer that the great majority of the seismic events occur at the boundaries of the main or minor blocks, and therefore the alignments of seismicity allows the individuation of the different blocks and the main seismogenic belts. A major crustal structure subdivides the Adria Plate into a western and two eastern blocks, and approximately coincides with the axial zone of the Apennines along which most of the seismicity is concentrated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121-138
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Adria plate ; Apennines ; Active tectonics ; Seismicity ; Seismic flux ; GPS ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 41
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    Estimation of Earthquake Early Warning Parameters for Eastern Sicily (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Earthquake early warning systems (EEWSs) are becoming a suitable instrument for seismic risk management in real time. In fact, they are implemented or are undergoing testing in many countries around the world because EEWSs represent an effective approach to mitigating seismic risk on a short timescale. EEWSs are based on the use of relationships between some parameters measured on the initial portion of seismic signal after the onsets. Here, we address the first approach to the implementation of EEWS in eastern Sicily, a region that has been hit by several destructive earthquakes. We estimated the peak displacement amplitude of the first portion of P and S waves Pd, the ground-motion period parameter τc, and the peak ground velocity (PGV) from earthquakes with ML ≥2:8 recorded by the broadband stations operated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. We found that the Pd is correlated with the size of the earthquake and may be used to compute the magnitude for an EEWS in this area.We also derived the relationships between τc and ML, and between Pd and PGV, which can be used to provide on-site warning in the area around a given station and to evaluate the potential damaging effects. These relationships may be deemed a useful guide for future implementation of the EEWS in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1464-1477
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; early warning systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 42
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    Structural inheritance controlling active crustal deformation in the Val d’Agri area (southern Apennines, Italy): new insights from finite element modelling (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-18
    Description: The availability of a large amount of surface geological data and subsurface information gathered by the oil industry, together with seismic and geodetic data, allowed us to define and analyse the active structures in the Val d'Agri area of the southern Apennines. Taking into account that the study of interseismic deformation can be significant to identify locked fault areas that can potentially slip, in this study we present 2D elastoplastic finite-element models to reproduce interseismic characteristics of the study area. This hosts the largest Europe's onshore oil field and is characterised by an active extensional tectonic regime, as inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms and fault slip data from late Quaternary structures. Based on high-quality seismic profiles tied with deep well logs, we constructed a detailed geological section across the study area. Outcropping units are dissected by numerous brittle structures that formed at various stages during the tectonic evolution of the Apennines, while the deep ones are dominated by deeply rooted major faults. The rheological behaviour has been constrained by the reconstruction of the thermal structure of the fold and thrust belt, using available information from the foreland Apulian Platform and from temperature data from a series of wells. Starting from the geological model, we reproduced interseismic deformation by means of finite-element numerical modelling, varying boundary conditions and unlocking different fault segments. Our numerical models provide new insights into the controversial and widely debated active tectonic setting of the Val d'Agri area, confirming the major role played by structural inheritance and reactivation processes. In fact, recent low-magnitude seismicity tends to illuminate fault segments consisting of pre-existing reverse faults reactivated as normal faults in the present-day stress field. These long-lived, mature fault systems occurring in the buried Apulian Platform carbonates (and underlying basement) represent major brittle structures that cumulated displacements of up to a few kilometres over geologic time. As a result of their reactivation within the late Quaternary extensional stress field, these long-lived crustal structures are capable of nucleating also moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes. The decoupling between deep and shallow structural levels, and the different inherited structures affecting them, explain the apparent contrast between the subdued surface expression of active fault systems and the known occurrence of large magnitude seismic events in the study area, thus reconciling apparently contrasting geological and geophysical constraints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111-114
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Active tectonics ; Fault reactivation ; Stress field ; Seismicity ; Extensional tectonics ; Seismology ; Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    An Almost Fair Comparison Between Earthworm and SeisComp3 (2018)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-12
    Description: The paper has not any abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 720-727
    Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
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    Primo rapporto di sintesi sul terremoto di amatrice ml 6.0 del 24 agosto 2016 (italia centrale) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: Abstract On August 24, 2016, at 03:36 (local time) a ML 6.0 earthquake (Mw 6.0) struck an extensive portion of the Central Apennines between the towns of Norcia and Amatrice. The epicenter was located near the town of Accumoli. The area was struck by several earthquakes in historical times (1627, 1639, 1672, 1703; http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI15-DBMI15/). The preliminary observations (seismological, geodetic and geological) collected in the area affected by the Amatrice earthquake sequence and the available scientific knowledge of the area allow to elaborate a first interpretative framework of the ongoing seismic sequence. The seismogenic structure is oriented NNW-SSE and extends about 25-30 km between the towns of Norcia and Amatrice with a width of about 10-12 km and a depth of 10-12 km. This seismogenic volume is characterized by a complex tectonic setting. The August 24, 2016 (ML 6.0) main shock likely ruptured a SW dipping, NNW-SSE trending fault segment. The coseismic rupture started near the town of Accumoli and appears to have spread bilaterally towards Amatrice to S-SE and toward Norcia to N-NW. Preliminary fault slip inversion suggests two patches of co-seismic deformation located NW and SE of the hypocenter. It is still unclear whether there is fault continuity between the two patches that generated the ML 6.0 main shock, namely whether rupture occurred on a single fault segment, or on two different segments separated by the Olevano-Antrodoco structural discontinuity. The seismicity of the seismic volume in the NW sector (i.e., between Accumoli and Norcia) is dispersed suggesting the activation of different fault segments after the main shock of August 24. In particular, the trend of the replicas shows the activation of the Monte Vector fault segment and of different structures antithetical dipping towards NE.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: Amatrice ; Earthquake ; PRIMO RAPPORTO DI SINTESI SUL TERREMOTO DI AMATRICE
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 45
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    SECOND SUMMARY REPORT ON THE ML 6.0 AMATRICE EARTHQUAKE OF AUGUST 24, 2016 (CENTRAL ITALY) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: About four weeks have passed since the local magnitude Ml 6.0 (moment magnitude Mw 6.0) earthquake struck the central Apennines area, between the towns of Norcia an Amatrice, on August 24. The amount of data so far collected and the ongoing studies, allow for a more detailed knowledge of the processes behind the earthquake and its seismic sequence. In the following we will illustrate analyses and results that integrate the ones described in the “First Summary Report on the Amatrice Earthquake”.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: Amatrice ; Earthquake ; AMATRICE EARTHQUAKE
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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    Summary report on the 30 october, 2016 earthquake in central Italy Mw 6.5 (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-13
    Description: The earthquake of October 30 th 2016 at 06:40:17 UTC, (07:40:17, Italian time) was the Italian strongest event after the 1980 M W 6.9 Irpinia earthquake. The hypocenter coordinates are: Latitude 42.84 North, Longitude 11.13 East, depth 9 km. The magnitude calculated in the INGV monitoring room is 6.1 M L e 6.5 M W . The earthquake affected the provinces of Perugia, Rieti and Macerata and was strongly felt in central Italy; the epicenter is located 5 km from Norcia, 7 from Castelsantangelo sul Nera and Preci, 10 from Visso. In case of an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 the fault has an area of several hundred square kilometers and therefore the entire area above and around the fault is affected by strong shaking. Up to this moment the earthquake of October 30 is the strongest event of the sequence which began with the earthquake of August 24 th of M W= 6.0 and also counts a quake of magnitude M W =5.9 of October 26 th .
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Keywords: Amatrice ; Earthquake ; Amatrice Earthquake
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 47
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    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 46 (2018)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 35 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1979.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 46 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Wave Propagation in Stratifield Anisotropic Media〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bossy, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Radio Pulse Dispersion in the Ionosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Paul, A. K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Ionospheric Absorption and Profiles of Electron Density and Loss-Rate in the Lower Ionosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kotadia, K. M., Gupta, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Effective Energy Reception of the Electron Gas per Created Ion Electron Pair〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bilitza, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Empirical Model of Global Electron Temperature Distribution Between 300 and 700 km Based on Data From Aeros-A〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spenner, K., Plugge, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Intercomparison Between Aeros Electron Temperature Model and Mean Temperature Profiles of Different Incoherent Scatter Radar Stations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spenner, K., Bilitza, D., Plugge, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Simultaneous Smoothed Variations of Signal Amplitude and Mean Doppler Shift in 42 MHz Auroral Backscatter〈/a〉〈br〉 (Haldoupis, C. I., Sofko, G. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Overnight Statiscal Variation of the North-South Movements of Radio Auroral Irregularities〈/a〉〈br〉 (Haldoupis, C. I., Sofko, G. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Q of Mode 〈sub〉O〈/sub〉S〈sub〉O〈/sub〉〈/a〉〈br〉 (Knopoff, L., Zürn, W., Rydelek, P. A., Yogi, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Finite Element Convection Models: Comparison of Shallow and Deep Mantle Convection, and Temperatures in the Mantle 〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kopitzke, U.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Detection Probabilities for Weak Regional Seismic Events〈/a〉〈br〉 (Shapira, A., Kulhánek, O., Wahlström, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Accuracy of Ray Theoretical Seismograms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Červený, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Auroral Particle Fluxes in the Ionosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wilhelm, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0021.pdf"〉The Shape of the Cosmic Ray Modulation Region of the April 30, 1976, Event, as Deduced from HELIOS-1, HELIOS-2, IMP-8, and Neutron Monitor Data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Geranios, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Magnetic Rotational Hysteresis Loss in Titanomagnetites and Titanomaghemites – Application to Non-Destructive Mineral Identification in Basalts〈/a〉〈br〉 (Manson, A. J., O’Donovan, J. B., O’Reilly, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0023.pdf"〉The Geomagnetic Field and Its Secular Variation on Finland and Nearby Countries〈/a〉〈br〉 (Nevanlinna, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Age and Crustal Structure of the Canary Islands〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schmincke, H.-U.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Rinneite-Dating of Episodic Events on Potash Salt Deposits〈/a〉〈br〉 (Lippolt, H. J., Raczek, I.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Magnetic ULF-Waves in the Vicinity of Active Auroral Forms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Klöcker, N., Theile, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Bursts of Irregular Magnetic Pulsations During the Substorm〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kangas, J., Pikkarainen, T., Golikov, Y., Baransky, L., Troitskaya, V., Sterlikova, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Cosmic Noise Absorption Events and Magnetic Pulsation Activity During Substorms〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wedeken, U., Hillebrand, O., Krenzien, E., Ranta, A., Ranta, H., Voelker, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0029.pdf"〉On the Sources of the 12-Month Wave in the An and As Geomagnetic Activity Indices〈/a〉〈br〉 (Mayaud, P. N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Calculation of the Effect of the Oceans on Geomagnetic Variations With an Application to the Sq Field During the IGY〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hobbs, B. A., Dawes, G. J. K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Localized Source Effects on Magnetotelluric Apparent Resistivities〈/a〉〈br〉 (Quon, C., Vozoff, K., Hoversten, M., Morrison, H. F., Lee, K.-H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Long-Wavelength Magnetic Anomalies as a Source of Information About Deep Crustal Structure〈/a〉〈br〉 (Krutikhovskaya, Z., Pashkevich, I.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetism and the Early Magmatic History of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)〈/a〉〈br〉 (Storetvedt, K. M., Mongstad Våge, H., Aase, S., Løvlie, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Ray Theoretical Seismograms for Laterally Inhomogeneous Structures〈/a〉〈br〉 (Červený, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Macroseismic Field of the Earthquake of September 3, 1978, in the Swabian Jura〈/a〉〈br〉 (Procházková, D., Schneider, G., Schmedes, E., Drimmel, J., Fiegweil, E., Lukeschitz, G., Vogt, J., Courtot, P., Godefroy, P., Grünthal, G., Mayer-Rosa, D., Berger, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Approximate Diffraction Theory for Transparent Half-Planes with Application to Seismic-Wave Diffraction at Coal Seams〈/a〉〈br〉 (Fertig, J., Müller, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Seismic Investigations of the Subcrustal Lithosphere Beneath Fennoscandia〈/a〉〈br〉 (Cassell, B. R., Fuchs, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Northern Part of the Tonga Region: A Complicated Subduction Closure〈/a〉〈br〉 (Hanuš, V., Vaněk, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetic and Rockmagnetic Properties of the Permian Volcanics in the Western Southern Alps〈/a〉〈br〉 (Heiniger, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Palaeomagnetism of Upper Cretaceous Limestones from the Münster Basin, Germany〈/a〉〈br〉 (Heller, F., Channell, J. E. T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0041.pdf"〉A Two-Dimensional Magnetometer Array for Ground-Based Observations of Auroral Zone Electric Currents During the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS)〈/a〉〈br〉 (Küppers, F., Untiedt, J., Baumjohann, W., Lange, K., Jones, A. G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0046/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Estimation of the Dispersion of Compressional Waves in Rocks From Ultrasonic to Seismic Frequencies〈/a〉〈br〉 (Ramananantoandro, R.)〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; AEROS Satellite ; Alps ; Auroral Zone Phenomena ; Canary Islands ; Coal Prospection ; Cosmic Rays ; Cretaceous ; Crust of Earth ; Electromagnetic Induction ; Electromagnetic Wave Propagation ; Explosion Seismology ; Fennoscandia ; Free Oscillations ; Geochronology ; Geomagnetic Activity ; Geomagnetic Field ; Geomagnetic Pulsations ; Ionosphere ; Lithosphere ; Magnetotellurics ; Mantle of Earth ; Palaeomagnetism ; Rock Magnetism ; Salt Rocks ; Secular Variation ; Seismic Quality Factor Q ; Seismic Waves ; Seismicity ; Sq Variation ; Subduction Zones ; Theoretical Seismograms ; ULF Waves ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 48
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    Unknown
    Journal of Geophysics - Zeitschrift für Geophysik 47 (2018)
    Springer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 34 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1980.
    Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Journal of Geophysics 47 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Iceland: Evolution, Active Tectonics, and Structure. A Preface〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacoby, W. R., Björnsson, A., Möller, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Tectonic Framework, Evolution. A Continuum Model of Crustal Generation in Iceland; Kinematic Aspects〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pálmason, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Hawaiian Rifts and Recent Icelandic Volcanism: Expressions of Plume Generated Radial Stress Fields〈/a〉〈br〉 (Wyss, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Observations of the Morphology and Structure of the Sea Floor South and West of Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Johnson, G. L., Pálmason, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Stratigraphy and Paleomagnetism of the Esja, Eyrarfjall and Akrafjall Mountains, SW-Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Kristjansson, L., Fridleifsson, I. B., Watkins, N. D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Magnetic Anomalies (〈i〉ΔZ〈/i〉) in NE-Iceland and Their Interpretation Based on Rock-Magnetic Investigations〈/a〉〈br〉 (Becker, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Palaeointensity Measurement on Postglacial Lavas From Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Schweitzer, Ch., Soffel, H. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0018.pdf"〉On the Evolution of the Reykjanes Ridge South of 60° N Between 40 and 12 Million Years Before Present〈/a〉〈br〉 (Voppel, D., Rudloff, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Morphology and Magnetic Anomalies North of Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Vogt, P. R., Johnson, G. L., Kristjansson, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Morphology of the Reykjanes Ridge Crest Near 62°N〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacoby, W. R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0021.pdf"〉New Heat Flow Observations on the Reykjanes Ridge〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bram, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Gravity and a Model of the Median Valley〈/a〉〈br〉 (Collette, B. J., Verhoef, J., de Mulder, A. F. J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Deformation, Stress, Seismicity. Statistical Analysis of Damaging Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions in Iceland From 1550–1978〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gudmundsson, G., Saemundsson, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Geodetic Measurements and Horizontal Crustal Movements in the Rift Zone of NE-Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Möller, D., Ritter, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Results of Height Measurements in Northern Iceland 1965/1977〈/a〉〈br〉 (Spickernagel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Gravity and Height Variations During the Present Rifting Episode in Northern Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Torge, W., Kanngieser, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Gravity and Elevation Changes Caused by Magma Movement Beneath the Krafla Caldera, Northeast Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Johnson, G. V., Björnsson, A., Sigurdsson, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Subsidence Events in the Krafla Area, North Iceland, 1975–1979〈/a〉〈br〉 (Tryggvason, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Surface Deformation of the Krafla Fissure Swarm in Two Rifting Events〈/a〉〈br〉 (Sigurdsson, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Seismological Evidence for Lateral Magma Intrusion During the July 1978 Deflation of the Krafla Volcano in NE-Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Einarsson, P., Brandsdóttir, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Measurement of Distance and Tilt Changes in Fissures of Northern Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Pelzer, H., Gerstenecker, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Recent Earthquakes in the Hengill-Hellisheidi Area in SW-Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Foulger, G., Einarsson, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Rock Stress in an Icelandic Thermal Area, With Implications on Stresses in the Oceanic Lithosphere〈/a〉〈br〉 (Voight, B., Simon, R., Thorsteinsson, T., Pálmason, G., Taylor, C., Seret Opzoomer-Talma, S. H., Haimson, B. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure. A Model of Electrical Resistivity Beneath NE-Iceland, Correlation with Temperature〈/a〉〈br〉 (Beblo, M., Björnsson, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0035.pdf"〉A Seismic Study of the Rift Zone in Northern Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Zverev, S. M., Litvinenko, I. V., Pálmason, G., Yaroshevskaya, G. A., Osokin, N. N., Akhmetjev, M. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0036.pdf"〉A Seismic Crustal Study of the Axial Rift Zone in Southwest Iceland〈/a〉〈br〉 (Zverev, S. M., Litvinenko, I. V., Pálmason, G., Yaroshevskaya, G. A., Osokin, N. N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Seismic Structure of the Icelandic Crust Above Layer Three and the Relation Between Body Wave Velocity and the Alteration of the Basaltic Crust〈/a〉〈br〉 (Flóvenz, Ó. G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bott, M. H. P., Gunnarsson, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Reykjanes Ridge Iceland Seismic Experiment (RRISP 77)〈/a〉〈br〉 (Angenheister, G., Gebrande, H., Miller, H., Goldflam, P., Weigel, W., Jacoby, W. R., Pálmason, G., Björnsson, S., Einarsson, P., Pavlenkova, N. I., Zverev, S. M., Litvinenko, I. V., Loncarevic, B., Solomon, S. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Seismic Structure of Iceland Along RRISP-Profile I〈/a〉〈br〉 (Gebrande, H., Miller, H., Einarsson, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Seismic Structure Along RRISP – Profile I on the Southeast Flank of the Reykjanes Ridge〈/a〉〈br〉 (Goldflam, P., Weigel, W., Loncarevic, B. D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Crustal Development of the Reykjanes Ridge From Seismic Refraction〈/a〉〈br〉 (Bunch, A. W. H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Reykjanes Ridge Crest Studied by Surface Waves With an Earthquake-Pair Technique〈/a〉〈br〉 (Keen, C. E., Fricker, A., Keen, M. J., Blinn, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN1015067948_0047/LOG_0044.pdf"〉The Evolution of the Lithosphere at the Southeast Flank of Reykjanes Ridge From Surface Wave Data〈/a〉〈br〉 (Jacoby, W. R., Girardin, N.)〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Asthenosphere ; Crust and Upper Mantle ; Deformation ; Dynamic Models ; Earthquake Statistics ; Evolution of Crust and Lithosphere ; Geodetic Measurements ; Geothermics ; Gravity ; Heat Flow, Geothermics ; History of Geophysics ; lsostasy ; Lithosphere ; Magma Movement ; Magnetic Anomalies ; Magnetotellurics ; Paleomagnetism ; Plate Tectonics ; Plume Hypothesis ; Ridge Model ; Ridge Structure ; Ridge Topography ; Rifting and Volcanism ; Rock Magnetism ; Seafloor Spreading ; Seafloor Morphology ; Seismic Anisotropy ; Seismicity ; Seismic Reflection ; Seismic Refraction ; Stress, Strain ; Surface Waves ; Temperature ; Velocity-Density Systematics ; Viscosity ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 49
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    Unknown
    Rupture evolution of the 2006 Java tsunami earthquake and the possible role of splay faults (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Tectonophysics 721 (2017): 143-150, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.003.
    Description: The 2006 Mw 7.8 Java earthquake was a tsunami earthquake, exhibiting frequency-dependent seismic radiation along strike. High-frequency global back-projection results suggest two distinct rupture stages. The first stage lasted ~65 s with a rupture speed of ~1.2 km/s, while the second stage lasted from ~65 to 150 s with a rupture speed of ~2.7 km/s. High-frequency radiators resolved with back-projection during the second stage spatially correlate with splay fault traces mapped from residual free-air gravity anomalies. These splay faults also colocate with a major tsunami source associated with the earthquake inferred from tsunami first-crest back-propagation simulation. These correlations suggest that the splay faults may have been reactivated during the Java earthquake, as has been proposed for other tsunamigenic earthquakes, such as the 1944 Mw 8.1 Tonankai earthquake in the Nankai Trough.
    Description: W.F. is currently supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Weston Howland Jr. Postdoctoral Scholarship.
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami ; Back-projection ; Splay faults ; Java ; Seismology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 50
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    A Reappraisal of Seismicity and Eruptions of Pantelleria Island and the Sicily Channel (Italy) (2018)
    Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: Three main tectonic depressions (the Pantelleria, Linosa and Malta troughs), the expression of a continental rift, characterize the Sicily Channel, a region with recent volcanic activity attested by the Pantelleria and Linosa volcanic islands, as well as numerous seamounts. To understand the seismic and eruptive behaviour of this area, we compare historical and instrumental seismicity retrieved from catalogues with recordings from both a mobile seismic network and a permanent station deployed at Pantelleria. A review of historical eruptions affecting the Sicily Channel is also presented. Recent instrumental seismicity shows that the Sicily Channel is characterized by a low level of seismicity, with earthquakes mainly occurring as isolated events, rather than swarms as observed during the few documented eruptive periods. The results of a seismic survey in 2006–2007, as well as the signals recorded by a permanent station in 2010–2014, enable stating that also Pantelleria is characterized by a very low rate of seismicity. The available, though scant, historical information suggests a recurrence time of about a century for the volcanic activity and that eruptions are usually preceded by seismic swarms. In the only historical known eruption of Pantelleria, in addition to shocks, uplifting and increasing fumarole activity, were observed. Notwithstanding the lack of eruptions over the past century, and despite the low recent seismic rate, we believe that the geophysical monitoring of the Sicily Channel needs improving since it is an area of potentially high seismic and volcanic hazard given the presence of several active submarine eruptive centres.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2475–2493
    Description: 7T. Struttura della Terra e geodinamica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pantelleria, Sicily Channel ; Earthquake ; Volcano, eruptive activity ; Seamount ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    3D displacement field retrieved by integrating Sentinel-1 InSAR and GPS data: the 2014 South Napa earthquake (2017)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this study the integration of Sentinel-1 InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) and GPS (Global Positioning System) data was performed to estimate the three components of the ground deformation field due to the Mw 6.0 earthquake occurred on August 24th, 2014, in the Napa Valley, California, USA. The SAR data were acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite on August 7th and 31st respectively. In addition, the GPS observations acquired during the whole month of August were analyzed. These data were obtained from the Bay Area Regional Deformation Network, the UNAVCO and the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System online archives. The data integration was realized by using a Bayesian statistical approach searching for the optimal estimation of the three deformation components. The experimental results show large displacements caused by the earthquake characterized by a predominantly NW-SE strike-slip fault mechanism.
    Description: The research has been supported by the “Marco Polo” project by the University of Bologna (UNIBO), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness research project ESP2013-47780-557 C2-1-R and the EU 7th FP MED-SUV project (contract 308665). It is a contribution to the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-13
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: SAR interferometry ; GPS ; Sentinel-1 ; Earthquake ; 3D displacement ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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    Evidence of underground electric current generation during the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: Real or instrumental? (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate magnetic effects in correspondence of the Mw6.1 L’Aquila earthquake. Magnetic and seismic records are analyzed. Rapid and distinct changes and an offset can be seen in magnetic field components after the main shock. We show that these effects result from electromagnetic induction due to the movement of the sensors through the Earth’s magnetic field and from a permanent displacement of the sensors from their original position caused by the passing seismic waves. A transient signal in total field data from an overhauser magnetometer apparently occurs in correspondence with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the transient was not observed by other sensors that were operating in close proximity to the overhauser. Thus, the transient signal in the total magnetic field data, and the offset in the magnetic field components, cannot be associated with a hypothetical underground electric current generated by the earthquake, as suggested by Nenovski (2015).
    Description: Published
    Description: 6153–6161
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ; seismoelectric effect ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
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    Insights into the seismicity and eruptions of PantellerIa Island and its surroundings (Sicily Channel, Italy) (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Istituto Nazionale di Geofsica e Vulcanologia – Osservatorio Etneo INGV-OE)manages a permanent local seismic network in Eastern Sicily, with the aim of monitoring the main tectonic areas (Iblei, Peloritani) and active Sicilian volcanoes (Etna, Vulcano, Stromboli). This network enables locating low magnitude earthquakes and detecting low energy signals that are typical of active volcanic areas (e.g. volcanic tremor, explosion quakes, LP events). Apart from Mt. Etna and the Aeolian islands, another area characterized by active volcanism is the Sicily Channel, with the volcanic edifices of Pantelleria and Linosa islands. The emergence (and subsequent disappearance after about two months) in 1831 of the Ferdinandea island, as well as the Foerstner island in 1891 (about 4 km north of Pantelleria), is the most reliable and recent evidence of volcanism in the Sicily Channel, which is undersea for the most part (Fig. 1). Since there are only a few onshore areas in the Sicily Channel, it is therefore diffcult to instrumentally detect its seismicity with traditional onshore networks, with the exception of locating the foci of high-energy earthquakes, which often have poor azimuthal constraints. Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) are not widely used owing to the high costs of the instruments and their running. Consequently, seismological knowledge of the Sicily Channel, and Pantelleria Island in particular, is still lacking in detail. Moreover, there is no permanent local network on the island, which could provide useful data, particularly on the microseismicity. Between 2006 and 2007, we installed a temporary seismic network on the island of Pantelleria, with the aim of improving the knowledge on the local seismicity, and checking for any similarities with other volcanic areas, such as microseismic events that are typical of a hydrothermal environment(e.g. Fossa of Vulcano). In this paper, we compare the instrumental and historical seismicity, and provide a review on the historical eruptions in the Sicily Channel. Finally, we show the results of the experiment with the mobile seismic network deployed at Pantelleria.
    Description: Published
    Description: Trieste (Italy)
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Pantelleria, Sicily Channel ; Earthquake ; Volcano ; Eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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    Minor shallow gravitational component on the Mt. Vettore surface ruptures related to Mw 6, 2016 Amatrice earthquake (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 24th August 2016 a MW 6.0 earthquake occurred near Amatrice (central Italy) causing nearly 300 fatalities. The mainshock ruptured a NNW-SSE striking, WSW dipping normal fault. The earthquake produced several coseismic effects at ground, including landslides and ground ruptures. In particular, ground surveys identified a 5.2 km long continuous fracture along the Mt. Vettore flank, both on rock and slope deposits, along one of the active normal fault segments bounding the relief to the west. In this work, we evaluated the contribution of seismically-induced surface instabilities to the observed ground fractures by means of a permanent-displacement approach. The results of a parametric analysis show that the computed seismically-induced gravitational displacements (about 2-10 cm) are not enough to explain field observations, testifying to a mean 20-25 cm vertical offset. Thus, the observed ground fractures are the result of primary faulting related to tectonics, combined with gravitational phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Amatrice ; Earthquake ; slip ; slope stability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 55
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    Ecocriticism and Italy : Ecology, Resistance, and Liberation (2016)
    London : Bloomsbury Academic
    Details
    Keywords: Ecocriticism ; Earthquake ; Italy ; Literary Studies ; Literary Theory ; Comparative Literature ; European Literature
    Description / Table of Contents: Naples and the porous landscapes of ecomafia and volcanic eruptions; death in Venice as a literary trope and a petrochemical curse; earthquakes and political moves that shake territories, people, and ideas cross-country; the slow pace of wine, food and environmental violence in Piedmont: these are some of the texts that this book narrates and analyses. Here stories of justice, cultural visions, society and politics interlace with stories of land and life, ecosystems and body cells, pollution and redemption. Ecocriticism and Italy reads Italy as a text - a compound text made of matter and imagination - always keeping in mind the link between the horizon of this country and the world’s larger ecology of ideas and matter. Challenging stereotypes and ambivalent clichés, this book uses ecocriticism as a way to give voice to the forces, wounds, and messages of creativity dispersed on Italy’s body, arguing that a literature, an art, and a criticism that are able to transform these unexpressed voices into stories - into our stories - are not only ways to resist. They are a practice of liberation. | Table of Contents: Introduction, pp. 1–12 --- Chapter 1. Bodies of Naples : A Journey in the Landscapes of Porosity, pp. 13–46 --- Chapter 2. Cognitive Justice and the Truth of Biology : Death (and Life) in Venice, pp. 47–82 --- Chapter 3. Three Earthquakes : Wounds, Signs, and Resisting Arts in Belice, Irpinia, and L’Aquila, pp. 83–124 --- Chapter 4. Slow : Stories of Landscapes, Resistance, and Liberation, pp. 125–156
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 184 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781474219488
    URL: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474219488
    Language: English
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    Fault on–off versus coseismic fluids reaction (2015)
    China University of Geosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: The fault activation (fault on) interrupts the enduring fault locking (fault off) and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) acts as a sort of switch. We suggest that the fluid flow rates differ during the different periods of the seismic cycle (interseismic, pre-seismic, coseismic and post-seismic) and in particular as a function of the tectonic style. Regional examples indicate that tectonic-related fluids anomalies depend on the stage of the tectonic cycle and the tectonic style. Although it is difficult to model an increasing permeability with depth and several BDT transitions plus independent acquicludes may occur in the crust, we devised the simplest numerical model of a fault constantly shearing in the ductile deeper crust while being locked in the brittle shallow layer, with variable homogeneous permeabilities. The results indicate different behaviors in the three main tectonic settings. In tensional tectonics, a stretched band antithetic to the normal fault forms above the BDT during the interseismic period. Fractures close and fluids are expelled during the coseismic stage. The mechanism reverses in compressional tectonics. During the interseismic stage, an over-compressed band forms above the BDT. The band dilates while rebounding in the coseismic stage and attracts fluids locally. At the tip lines along strike-slip faults, two couples of subvertical bands show different behavior, one in dilation/compression and one in compression/dilation. This deformation pattern inverts during the coseismic stage. Sometimes a pre-seismic stage in which fluids start moving may be observed and could potentially become a precursor.
    Description: Published
    Description: 767–780
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fault activation ; Brittle-ductile transition ; Earthquake ; Fluids response ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), Version 3.2.0: A compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 5.5 in Italy and surrounding areas. (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This version incorporates several updated sources and a few new sources based on the outcomes of the EC-funded projects SHARE and GeoMol, on the SIGMA project funded by EDF, Areva, CEA (France) and ENEL (Italy), on the "Progetto FIRB-Abruzzo" and "Progetto PON-MASSIMO" funded by the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR), and on activities funded in the framework of the INGV-DPC multiannual agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismogenic source ; Active tectonics ; Earthquake ; Active faults ; Seismogenic faulting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Dynamics of Vulcano Island investigated by long-term (40 years) geophysical data (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Vulcano island is a composite volcanic edifice located in the south-central sector of the Aeolian Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and it is an important tourist destination. Historic activity has been characterized by frequent transitions from phereatomagmatic to minor magmatic activity. The last eruption in 1888-90 was characterized by energetic explosive pulses and defines the “vulcanian” type of activity. Since then, volcanic activity has taken the form of fumarolic emanations of variable intensity and temperature, mainly concentrated at “La Fossa” crater, with maximum temperatures ranging between 200° and 300° C; temperature increases and changes in the gas chemistry, were often observed. The most recent episode began in the 80’s when fumarole temperature progressively increased to 690°C in May 1993. Vulcano is active and this favoured monitoring and research studies, in particular focussed on the most recent structures. In the frame of DPC-INGV “V3” project, we investigate the Vulcano dynamics through ca. 40 years of ground deformation and seismicity data collected by the discrete and continuous INGV monitoring networks. We considered levelling, GPS, EDM, seismic and tilt data. EDM and levelling measurements began in the middle 1970s and since the late 1990s the EDM benchmarks have been measurered using GPS. We observed three scales of ground deformation: the first one seems to be linked to the regional tectonics, with a general transpressive kinematics; the second one affects the northern half of the island and could be related to the caldera dynamics; the third one affects only the cone of La Fossa. Regional tectonic stress seems to play an important role in the transition of the volcanic system from a phase of stability to a phase of unrest, inducing the heating and the expansion of shallow hydrothermal fluids. Ground deformation at Vulcano may be linked to the geothermal system rather than magmatic sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: Yogyakarta, Indonesia
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Leveling ; Seismicity ; ground deformation ; GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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    Seismic damage to pipelines in the framework of Na-Tech risk assessment (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-29
    Description: The structural integrity of pipelines undergone seismic waves is crucial for industrial installation and for the distributed transportation networks of gaseous and liquid fluids. However, it is nowadays proved that the definition of seismic vulnerability based on purely, structural-derived limit states or on return-to-service or even on the purely economic repair rate indications, is not sufficient for the holistic analysis of risks. On the other hand, detailed numerical studies based on full analyses (including fluid/soil/structure interaction) are too expensive for the aims of risk assessment and simplified methodologies are still needed.In this paper, a large database of earthquake-induced damage for steel and non-steel pipelines is presented. Each case was analyzed and collected from post-earthquake reconnaissance, seismic engineering reports and technical papers. The database may be adopted for the definition of specific vulnerability function (fragility curves), which are commonly implemented in multi-hazard analyses, and more in general for the assessment of Na-Tech risks (Natural events triggering Technological disasters). Seismic damage to pipelines in the framework of Na-Tech risk assessment. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271673585_Seismic_damage_to_pipelines_in_the_framework_of_Na-Tech_risk_assessment [accessed Jun 12, 2015].
    Description: Published
    Description: 159-162
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Na-Tech ; Ground failure ; Lifeline ; Fragility curve ; Pipelines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Spectral‐Element Simulations of Seismic Waves Generated by the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake (2014)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: We adopt a spectral-element method (SEM) to perform numerical simulations of the complex wavefield generated by the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake in central Italy. The mainshock is represented by a finite-fault solution obtained by inverting strong-motion and Global Positioning System data, testing both 1D and 3D wavespeed models for central Italy. Surface topography, attenuation, and the Moho discontinuity are also accommodated. Including these complexities is essential to accurately simulate seismic-wave propagation. Three-component synthetic waveforms are compared to corresponding velocimeter and strong-motion recordings. The results show a favorable match between data and synthetics up to ∼0:5 Hz in a 200 km × 200 km × 60 km model volume, capturing features mainly related to topography or low-wavespeed basins. We construct synthetic peak ground velocity maps that, for the 3D model, are in good agreement with observations, thus providing valuable information for seismic-hazard assessment. Exploiting the SEM in combination with an adjoint method, we calculate finite-frequency kernels for specific seismic arrivals. These kernels capture the volumetric sensitivity associated with the selected waveform and highlight prominent effects of topography on seismic-wave propagation in central Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Wave Propagation ; Earthquake ; Ground Motion ; Basin & Site Effects ; Topographic Effects ; Numerical Modelling ; Spectral-Element Methods ; Adjoint Methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The 1998 offshore NW Sicily earthquakes in the tectonic framework of the southern border of the Tyrrhenian Sea (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: The seismic sequence which occurred in 1998 south of the Island of Ustica (offshore North Sicily) has been interpreted in the frame of historical recent seismicity and the area’s tectonics. This seismic sequence, characterised by shallow-depth and low-magnitude earthquakes (Md max. 4.3), took place in the thick and complex stack of the Sicilian-Maghrebian fold-and-thrust belt. The spatial distribution of the epicentres recorded during the January-August 1998 shows a cluster roughly NW-SE trending. The few shocks which occurred immediately after the Md 4.1 shock of the 14th September were located south-east of Ustica with a rough NE-SW trend. The focal mechanisms of major shocks are of a thrust type with horizontal compressive axes generally N-S trending. In the kinematic evolution of the study area, alternating extensional and contractional events have been recognised as having taken place during the Plio-Pleistocene. The present day seismic activity pointing out a new contractional episode is well framed in this evolutionary trend. The occurrence of pre-existing faults and the large number of earthquakes with low-magnitude support the hypothesis that this seismicity could be related to a frictional (re)activation of faults. Active compression in offshore North Sicily probably reflects the northwards motion of Africa relative to the Eurasian plate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103-114
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Stress field ; Sicilian-Maghrebian Chain ; Offshore Norhern Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Seismicity and seismogenic structures in Central Italy: new insigths from the SLAM passive experiment (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the background seismicity of Central Italy in the area including southern Latium, Abruzzi and Molise (SLAM project). Within this region, the central Apenninic chain has been historically affected by many strong earthquakes, some of them very destructive such as the 1349 event (Mw ˜6.7) located at the border between southern Latium and western Molise, the 1654 event (Mw ˜6.4) in the southern Latium-Abruzzi area, and the 1805 Boiano earthquake in the northern Matese range (Mw 6.7). The last important seismic sequence occurred in May 1984 in the Comino Valley, southestern Latium (Mw 5.8). The recent activity is characterized by diffuse low-magnitude seismicity, punctuated by localised small sequences during 2009-2012. Our study focuses on the analysis of seismicity recorded in the period 2009-2013. We present earthquake locations and focal mechanism solutions obtained by standard procedures and an optimized regional 1D velocity model based on the Velest algorithm. The waveform data set was collected from the digital recordings of the permanent stations of the Italian national seismic network, the Abruzzi and Molise regional seismic networks, and from a dense seismic survey carried out in the region between November 2011 and May 2013. The temporary network consisted of 17 three-component seismic stations all equipped with Reftek RT130 digitizers and Lennartz 3D/5s sensors. The deployment of this array improved significantly the detection and location of background seismicity. We relocated more than 4300 events with magnitude ML ranging from about 0.5 to 4.2. Earthquakes distribution shows hypocentral depths concentrated within the upper crust, between 2 and 20 km of depth, and is mostly clustered along the Apenninic chain axis. The computed fault-plane solutions generally display normal fault mechanisms, confirming the extensional NE-SW processes active since Pleistocene in the study region.
    Description: Published
    Description: Goteborg - Svezia - Joint Assembly IAHS - IAPSO - IASPEI
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Central Italy ; SLAM passive experiment ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 63
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    Seismic activity and thermal regime of low temperature fumaroles at Mt. Vesuvius in 2004-2011: distinguishing among seismic, volcanic and hydrological signals (2013)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seismological, soil temperature and hydrological data from Mt. Vesuvius are collected to characterize the present-day activity of the volcanic/hydrothermal system and to detect possible unrest-related phenomena. We present patterns of seismicity and soil temperature in the crater area during the period February 2004-December 2011. The temporal distribution of number and depth of Volcano-Tectonic earthquakes and the energy release are considered. Hourly data of soil temperature have been acquired since January 2004 in different locations along the rim and within the crater. The observed changes of temperature are studied to establish a temporal-based correlation with the volcanic activity and/or with external forcing, as variations of the regional and local stress field acting on the volcano or meteorological phenomena. The comparison between seismic activity and temperature data highlights significant variations possibly related to changes in fluid circulation in the hydrothermal system of the volcano. The common continuous observations start just before a very shallow earthquake occurred in August 2005, which was preceded by a thermal anomaly. This coincidence has been interpreted as related to fluid-driven rock fracturing, as observed in other volcanoes. For the successive temporal patterns, the seismicity rate and energy release are characterized by slight variations accompanied by changes in temperature. This evidence of reactivity of the fumarole thermal field to seismic strain can be used to discriminate between tectonic and volcanic signals at Mt. Vesuvius.
    Description: Published
    Description: S0441
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Surveys, measurements and monitoring ; Seismicity ; Fumarolic thermal regime ; Multidisciplinary data comparison ; Rest state definition ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Coseismic deformation and source modeling of the May 2012 Emilia (Northern Italy) earthquakes (2013)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On May 20th, 2012, an ML 5.9 earthquake (Table 1) occurred near the town of Finale Emilia, in the Central Po Plain, Northern Italy (Figure 1). The mainshock caused 7 casualties and the collapse of several historical buildings and industrial sheds. The earthquake sequence continued with diminishing aftershock magnitudes until May 29th, when an ML 5.8 earthquake occurred near the town of Mirandola, ~12 km WSW of the mainshock (Scognamiglio et al., 2012). This second mainshock started a new aftershock sequence in this area, and increased structural damage and collapses, causing 19 more casualties and increasing to 15.000 the number of evacuees. Shortly after the first mainshock, the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) activated the Italian Space Agency (ASI), which provided post-seismic SAR Interferometry data coverage with all 4 COSMO-SkyMed SAR satellites. Within the next two weeks, several SAR Interferometry (InSAR) image pairs were processed by the INGV-SIGRIS system (Salvi et al., 2012), to generate displacement maps and preliminary source models for the emergency management. These results included continuous GPS site displacement data, from private and public sources, located in and around the epicentral area. In this paper we present the results of the geodetic data modeling, identifying two main fault planes for the Emilia seismic sequence and computing the corresponding slip distributions. We discuss the implication of this seismic sequence on the activity of the frontal part of the Northern Apennine accretionary wedge by comparing the co-seismic data with the long term (geological) and present day (GPS) velocity fields.
    Description: Published
    Description: 645-655
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ; CFF analysis ; Tectonic ; geodynamic ; Seismic source ; Northern apennine (Italy) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 65
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    Vent temperature trends at the Vulcano Fossa fumarole field: the role of permeability (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Between 1994 and 2010, we completed 16 thermal surveys of Vulcano’s Fossa fumarole field (Aeolian Islands, Italy). In each survey, between 400 and 1,200 vent temperatures were collected using a thermal infrared thermometer from distances of ∼1 m. The results show a general decrease in average vent temperature during 1994–2003, with the average for the entire field falling from ∼220°C in 1994 to ∼150°C by 2003. However, between 2004 and 2010, we witnessed heating, with the average increasing to ∼190°C by 2010. Alongside these annual-scale field-wide trends, we record a spatial re-organisation of the fumarole field, characterised by shut down of vent zones towards the crater floor, matched by rejuvenation of zones located towards the crater rim. Heating may be expected to be associated with deflation because increased amounts of vaporisation will remove volume from the hydrothermal system Gambino and Guglielmino (J Geophys Res 113: B07402, 2008). However, over the 2004–2010 heating period, no ground deformation was observed. Instead, the number of seismic events increased from a typical rate of 37 events per month during 1994–2000 to 195 events per month during 2004–2010. As part of this increase, we noticed a much greater number of high-frequency events associated with rock fracturing. We thus suggest that the heating event of 2004–2010 was the result of changed permeability conditions, rather than change in the heat supply from the deeper magmatic source. Within this scenario, cooling causes shut down of lower sectors and re-establishment of pathways located towards the crater rim, causing fracturing, increased seismicity and heat flow in these regions. This is consistent with the zone of rejuvenation (which lies towards and at the rim) being the most favourable location for fracturing given the stress field of the Fossa cone Schöpa et al. (J Volcanol Geotherm Res 203:133–145, 2011); it is also the most established zone, having been active at least since the early twentieth century. Our data show the value of deploying multi-disciplinary geophysical campaigns at degassing (fumarolic) hydrothermal systems. This allows more complete and constrained understanding of the true heat loss dynamics of the system. In the case study presented here, it allows us to distinguish true heating from apparent heating phases. While the former are triggered from the bottom-up, i.e. they are driven by increases in heat supply from the magmatic source, the latter are triggered from the top-down, i.e. by changing permeability conditions in the uppermost portion of the system to allow more efficient heat flow over zones predisposed to fracturing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1293-1311
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fumaroles ; Vulcano ; Vent temperature ; Seismicity ; Ground Deformation ; Permeability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 66
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    Seismicity resulting from anthropic activity recorded in the INGV Italian Seismic Bulletin (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Quarry mining activity is intense in Italy. It produces low magnitude events recorded by the Italian National Seismic Network operated by INGV. Therefore, the Italian Seismic Bulletin (BSI) includes both tectonic earthquakes and quarry explosion recordings. Accurate seismic monitoring and analysis allow us to distinguish between anthropic and tectonic seismicity. We have analyzed data from the BSI in the period 2005-2011 using the ZMAP software (by S. Wiemer) that spatially maps out areas with an anomalous ratio of daytime to nighttime events. We pinpointed 16 areas characterized by intense extractive activities. However the number of quarries in Italy is so large that our list cannot be considered by any means complete. Extraction areas frequently coincide with regions affected by high seismicity rate. Recordings of explosion quakes can have distinctive characteristics (i.e. compressive first onset and low frequency secondary phase). Nonetheless these markers are not typical of all artificial events and are not enough to exclude all explosion recordings from the bulletin. At present, along with true tectonic earthquakes, the BSI includes a significant number of low magnitude quarry blasts, ranging between 3% and 9% per year.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pisa
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Italian Seismic Bulletin ; Anthropic activity ; Quarry blasts ; Earthquake ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 67
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    Are seismogram recorded in schoola educational tools only ? (2013)
    INOGS, ISBN 978-88-902101-1-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the frame of the NERA project and under the WP 8, an inventory of schools hosting seismic stations for educational purposes has been compiled with the aim, among others, to establish a network for data exchange. Such an inventory reveals that there are more than 600 instruments, most of which in full activity, in schools of the Mediterranean area. The number of stations is somewhat proportional to the date when educational projects began (Zollo et al., in press), so countries like France, United Kingdom or Ireland, all places where a long tradition in “seismology in schools” is established , own most of the existing stations. The make and technical characteristics of these devices widely vary: some schools have assembled their own mechanical seismometer with very simple materials while some others have designed an acquisition system and coupled it to a sensor available on the market. In some cases, stations are bought from semi-professional or professional manufacturers that have devoted a special care to the educational field. These factories have designed cheap instruments the technology of which is based on the more expensive instruments that are instead available at professional level. These recording items are often equipped with an internet connection, have a broad-band like seismometer, offer a real time view of the recording (helicorder) and provide data in SAC format. In a sentence, they are very much similar to the devices currently used in professional (national or regional) networks to monitor seismicity. Moreover, in principle stations installed in a country are very much alike or perfectly identical, representing as a matter of fact a semi-professional seismic network.. It is then straightforward to wonder what is the role of the data recorded and stored by these instruments and especially what is the potential of these information. Are these instruments providing any additional information to the professional seismic networks ? Could they complement a professional database ? In this paper a rough analysis of the data collected by a school network is analysed and compared with “official” data. It is shown that in some cases seismograms recorded from stations in schools can perform very well and their data could, under certain circumstances and with some limitations, be used instead of / in addition to professional data.
    Description: Published
    Description: Teatro Comunale F. Stabile, Potenza, Italy
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismic location ; Seismic network ; Seismometers ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 68
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    Deformation of Ancient Buildings inferred by Terrestrial Laser Scanning methodology: the Cantalovo church case study (Northern Italy) (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The study of the health of a building connects humanistic and scientific research, and a complete characterization can be achieved by integrating all the available historical documentation, architectural and metrological studies, as well as laboratory and in situ analyses of the materials. A contactless, non-invasive surveying technique such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) allows the acquisition of dense and accurate geometric and radiometric (electromagnetic measurements such as signal intensity) information about the observed surface of the building, which can be easily integrated with data provided by high-resolution digital imaging. The early Christian Cantalovo church was surveyed for the first time in April 2011, by means of the ILRIS-3D ER very long range scanner. The second and last survey was performed in June 2012, after the main shocks of the Emilia earthquake seismic sequence. A very long range instrument is suitable for fast, simple and independent measurements, due to its technical characteristics and, for this reason, is easily usable for accurate surveying in emergency conditions. The main results are obtained by applying a data analysis strategy based on the creation of TLS-based morphological maps computed as point-to-primitive differences, which allow the creation of a deformation map and its evolution in time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 703-716
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Terrestrial Laser Scanning ; Deformation ; Earthquake ; Ancient Building ; Procedure Standardization ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 69
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    The morpho-tectonic setting of the Southeast margin of Iberia and the adjacent oceanic Algero-Balearic Basin (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine and Petroleum Geology 45 (2013): 17-41, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.04.005.
    Description: Multi-beam bathymetry and high-resolution low-penetration seismic reflection profiles of the offshore extensions of the Bétic Internal Zone off Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión margin along its south side and the Mar Menor margin along its east side, the Mazarrón Escarpment forming its southern boundary and the adjacent oceanic Algero-Balearic basin have provided images of the neo-tectonic structures of the region equal to those provided by subaerial photography. For the first time we mapped with unprecedented detail the Mazarrón Escarpment and the Southeast margin of Iberia. The first-order structures of the region are due to the consequence of the collision of the African and Eurasian plates during the Alpine orogeny in late Oligocene-Middle Miocene, the westward migration of the Alborán plate in the Middle Miocene and the desiccation of the Mediterranean in the Messinian (Late Miocene) that led to the deposition of evaporites in the Algero-Balearic basin and erosion of the Mazarrón Escarpment, the Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión shelf, the Mar Menor margin and the adjacent coast. Our data images second order tectonic features (neo-tectonic features) superimposed on the larger structures. These include the deformation of the strata in the Algero-Balearic basin by the gliding of the Plio-Quaternary sediments on Messinian halite on the margins of the basin and sediment loading in its center, the Late Miocene-Quaternary deformation of the area north of the Mazarrón Escarpment resulting from the continuous oblique convergence of the African and Eurasian plates in a NNW-SSE direction, the Miocene to Pleistocene volcanic edifices and pinnacles (dikes), the pockmarks formed by the extrusion of gas/water via faults and the massive gravitational failure of the Mazarrón Escarpment triggered by this plate convergence. The data also show in detail features formed on the Mazarrón Escarpment during the Messinian, Pliocene and Pleistocene regressions and those on the shelf formed during the Pleistocene glacially induced regressions/transgression and sediment drifts generated by modern currents.
    Keywords: Mazarrón Escarpment ; Algero-Balearic Abyssal Plain ; Messinian Diapirs ; African-Eurasian plates ; Faults ; Pockmarks ; Seismicity ; Bétic Cordillera
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: video/wmv
    Format: image/tiff
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  • 70
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    Studio multidisciplinare per la caratterizzazione ed identificazione di aree sismicamente attive in Appennino: metodi geologici, geofisici e statistici (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Lo studio effettuato in questa tesi di Dottorato ha lo scopo di integrare metodologie di analisi diverse - geologiche, geofisiche e statistiche - per contribuire alla determinazione del potenziale sismico, che è la diretta espressione dell’attività del campo di stress attualmente agente e responsabile della sismicità. Queste tre diverse metodologie sono state applicate in due aree selezionate ubicate lungo la catena appenninica, in corrispondenza delle conche intramontane di origine tettonica. La scelta di queste aree si basa anche sul presupposto che esse possano avere un notevole potenziale sismico essendo caratterizzate da importanti eventi storici di elevata magnitudo. Tra le metodologie applicate in questo studio, i metodi geologici mirano alla comprensione dell’evoluzione quaternaria delle depressioni intrappenniniche con particolare riguardo al riconoscimento ed alla valutazione delle evidenze di tettonica attiva. I metodi geofisici sono stati applicati per studiare e definire meglio il campo di stress attraverso l’analisi dei dati di borehole breakout, dei meccanismi focali dei terremoti e del test di Leak-off. Tutte le tecniche sono volte a determinare le componenti relative al campo di stress quali orientazione (Shmin ed asse-T), tipo di regime (normale, trascorrente o inverso) e sua quantificazione (pressioni in MPa). È stato inizialmente affrontato uno studio della sismicità storica e strumentale, attraverso l’analisi dei vari cataloghi, per integrare le conoscenze sulla geodinamica dell’Appennino, sull’assetto geologico-strutturale profondo, sulla definizione delle strutture sismogeniche, sulla distribuzione e sul potenziale sismico delle aree campioni. È stata affrontata l’analisi delle sequenze sismiche per determinare la distribuzione areale ed in profondità degli eventi, l’orientazione ed il tipo di regime di stress e la stima del tensore dello stress regionale mediante il metodo di inversione di GEPHART & FORSYTH (1984). Infine, sono stati applicati due metodi statistici per studiare la distribuzione spazio-temporale dei terremoti tramite due approcci non-parametrici: l’analisi multivariata che implementa il dato di sismicità con quello geologico-strutturale (FAENZA et al., 2003) ed il metodo di TANNER & WONG, 1984) che utilizza solo i dati di sismicità relativi ad un campione omogeneo. Infine, è stata calcolata la probabilità di evento nelle due aree campioni.
    Description: Universitá di Bologna "Alma Mater Studiorum" e INGV
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Borehole breakout ; Leak-off analysis ; Active Faults ; Earthquake ; Central Apennines ; Southernl Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 71
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    Geological events during the Holocene: an overview for Northern Europe and the Mediterranean (2012)
    Samperi Editore
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Holocene is the most recent geological epoch spanning from about 11700 years ago to the present day. The most important human civilizations appeared during the Holocene. From the Holocene onwards, environmental changes, and the hazards associated with them, became extremely important for their impact on historical events, in some cases blending with humanity’s vicissitudes and influencing the rise and decline of civilizations. This paper summarises the geological and climatic conditions of Northern Europe during the Holocene and tries to determine whether or not they support the hypothesis formulated by Felice Vinci (Vinci, 2003) about the migration of Baltic populations towards the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age at the end of the “climatic optimum” (Houghton et al., 1990; Rohling & De Rijk, 1999). This study presents data on glacio-eustatic changes and on isostatic uplift together with information on probable tsunamis that occurred in the North Atlantic, North Sea, Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea. Moreover, some data on catastrophic events that affected the Mediterranean region are reported, because these catastrophes could have favoured the settlement of “people coming from the sea” that took advantage of the demographic and socio-economic weakening of indigenous populations (Driessen, 2002). The paper aims to provide geological and palaeogeographic constraints to the hypotheses formulated by Felice Vinci on the migration of Scandinavians towards the Mediterranean. The data analysed have been collected from the available scientific literature (see references). The amount of information available for each geological phenomenon is vast and sometimes theories developed from the same data are in conflict. The comparison between the Mediterranean and the Baltic areas (one of which could have been the theatre of the Homeric events) will be useful to find evidence of geological phenomena within the Homeric texts, giving useful indications to better understand where the poems are set or at least to provide interesting discussion points related to Felice Vinci’s hypothesis (Vinci 2003).
    Description: Published
    Description: 179-197
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geology ; Holocene ; Northern Europe ; Mediterranean ; Earthquakes ; Volcanoes ; Ice age ; Tides ; Tsunami ; Glacio-eustatism ; Seismicity ; Uplift ; Submarine landslides ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 72
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    FLUIDS/TECTONICS RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EARTHQUAKE FORERUNNERS AND FORECASTING (2012)
    Babes Bolyai University
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The possibility of forecasting seismic events has always attracted people living over earthquake-prone areas, and many empirical methods were proposed in order to predict earthquakes. Even thought some of them successfully predicted an event, none of them never became a reliable forecasting method (Geophys. Jour. Int, 1997). Recent panels and meetings allowed to sum up the situation of the Earthquake prediction and almost all the scientists have agreed that the attempts made all over the world did not provide useful results, thus, statistical approaches to the seismic hazard assessment, continue to offer the most cost-effective means to reduce earthquake-related losses. With the aim to gain a better insight of the processes occurring at various crustal levels during the seismogenesis many research activities based on the information carried by the fluids have been recently developed, although the scientific community have the feeling to be far from any possibility of predicting an earthquake, if “prediction” means the precise indication of time and site hit by the seismic shock. The seismic crisis that recently hit the Central Apennines (Italy, Abruzzo Region) has clearly shown that the role of geochemistry during any seismic emergency is a debated question: the seismological information is provided and used besides potentially useful geochemical information that do not still have a practical role. The long-term geochemical monitoring carried out during the last 15 years over the Italian seismic areas of Northern Italy (Friuli/Slovenia border, Tosco-Emiliano Apennines), Central Italy (Central-Northern Apennines of Umbria-Marche-Abruzzo-Latium Regions), and Southern Apennines (Basilicata-Irpinia area, Calabria Region, Messina strait and Peloritani-Nebrodi Mountains; see references) has allowed to model the origin and circulation of the fluids and to interpret their temporal variations. Fluids, in fact, are natural and fast carriers of information from the deep crustal layers, as such the collected results represent a powerful tool to reveal the presence of hidden structures as well as to evaluate the fault’s activity over seismic-prone areas. In fact, as observed at global scale, any tectonic line under stress deforms before undergoing rupture, and causes modifications to the fluids’ circulation and their geochemical features during the whole seismogenesis. Those modifications may speed up in proximity of rupture events and many geochemical parameters behave as forerunners. The ruptures responsible for the seismic sequences of Umbria-Marche (1997-98) and Abruzzo (2009) taught us how to use the information coming from the fluids. Unfortunately, attempts to move back to old-fashioned earthquake predictions caused alarms due to incorrect use of the scientific information (moreover taking into account only one parameter: radon), and have the consequence of credibility loss of the whole scientific community. With this information in our hands we have to ask to ourselves what the role of geochemistry has to become within the very delicate mainframe of seismic hazard limitation. A long-term monitoring activity aimed to take a census and to define the origin and composition of the circulating fluids for every seismic-prone area, besides the continuous monitoring of selected parameters, makes the necessary geochemical tools to identify the existence of tectonic structures and to evaluate their seismogenic activity
    Description: INGV, SNGN Romangaz, Thermo Scientific, Environmental Health Center
    Description: Published
    Description: Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Precursors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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  • 73
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    Magma intrusion mechanisms and redistribution of seismogenic stress at Mt. Etna volcano (1997–1998) (2012)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several volcanoes worldwide have shown changes in their stress state as a consequence of the deformation produced by the pressurization of a magmatic body. This study investigates seismic swarms occurring on the western flank of Mt. Etna in January 1997 - January 1998. Integrating seismic observations and geodetic data, we constrained the seismogenic fault system, and on the basis of stress tensor inversion and SHMAX analyses, we infer an inflating pressure source located at 5.5 km b.s.l. beneath the west portion of summit area. Evaluation of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) related to the proposed model, showed how a large part of the seismogenic fault underwent a significant CFS increase (500 kPa). We infer the presence of a sub-vertical faulted region, potentially weak, N50°E oriented beneath the western sector of Mt. Etna. This structure could be brought closer to failure thereby generating seismic swarms as the effect of elastic stress transfer induced by movement and/or overpressure of magmatic masses within the upper crust under the volcano.
    Description: This research was funded by the INGV–DPC 2007–2009 Agreement (Project V4_Flank).
    Description: Published
    Description: 339-348
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna ; modelling ; Seismicity ; GPS monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Liquefaction phenomena associated with the Emilia earthquake sequence of May-June 2012 (Northern Italy) (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we present the geological effects induced by the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence in the Po plain. Extensive liquefaction phenomena were observed over an area of ~1200 km2 following the May 20, Ml 5.9 and May 29, Ml 5.8 mainshocks, both occurred on about E-W trending, S dipping blind thrust faults. We collected the coseismic geological evidence through field and aerial surveys, reports from local people and web-based survey. On the basis of their morphologic and structural characteristics we grouped the 1362 effects surveyed into three main categories: liquefaction (485), fractures with liquefaction (768), fractures (109). We show that the quite uneven distribution of liquefaction effects, that appear concentrated and aligned, is mostly controlled by the presence of paleo-river beds, out-flow channels and fans of the main rivers crossing the area; these terrains are characterized by the pervasive presence of sandy layers in the uppermost 5 m, a local feature that, along with the presence of a high water table, greatly favours liquefaction. We also find that the maximum distance of observed liquefaction from the earthquake epicentre is ~30 km, in agreement with the regional empirical relations available for the Italian Peninsula. Finally, we observe that the contour of the liquefaction observations has an elongated shape almost coinciding with the aftershock area, the InSAR deformation area, and the I≥6 EMS area. This observation confirms the control of the earthquake source on the liquefaction distribution, and provides useful hints in the perspective of the characterization of the seismogenic source responsible for historical and pre-historical liquefactions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 935-947
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Liquefaction ; Coseismic effect ; Earthquake ; Emilia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Seismic insight into explosive paroxysms at Stromboli volcano, Italy (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: At Stromboli volcano, Italy, continuous seismic monitoring and periodic, visual observations of volcanic activity for surveillance purposes began in the mid-1980s. Since 1985, two eruptions have occurred, one lasting from December, 1985 until April, 1986, and one in May, 1993. There have also been two small overflows, in 1990 and 1994. Since these episodes of lava effusion, the persistent Strombolian activity of the volcano has had several fluctuations during the past 15 years. Some episodes climaxed in powerful explosions. According to seismic records, these paroxysms consisted of a variable number of explosion quakes in rapid succession (i.e. from tens of seconds to a few minutes), associated with a notable increment in the amplitude of volcanic tremor. Throughout these episodes - which are called explosive sequences - lapilli, fragments of old rock, and bombs of varying dimensions were ejected, affecting an area greater than the crater terrace where the active craters are located. In this article, we describe the explosive sequences recorded at Stromboli between 1985 and 1999. We provide a characterization in terms of reduced displacement and duration for nine episodes occurring in 1998 and 1999. Their reduced displacements range from 15 to 124 cm2; their durations are between 6 and 18 min. We find no change in the frequency content of the seismic signal several minutes before and during the sequences. Considering medium- to long-term behavior, the spectral amplitude of the seismic signal decreases or has low values over several months preceding the occurrence of the paroxysms. This feature is common to 20 of the 22 explosive sequences, and is indicative of internal conditions that periodically characterize the feeder. We surmise that the paroxysms are the result of the partial obstruction of the volcanic conduit when the magma column is low or dropping. The onset of the explosive sequence, causing the sudden removal of the material which forms the obstruction, would trigger a sudden depressurization of the conduit and the rapid rise of magma from depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137-150
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Paroxysms ; Seismicity ; Volcanoes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    τ_p^max magnitude estimation, the case of the April 6, p 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake (2012)
    Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Rapid magnitude estimate procedures represent a crucial part of proposed Earthquake Early Warning Systems. Most of these estimates are fo- cused on the first part of the P-wave train, the earlier and less destructive part of the ground motion that follows an earthquake. Allen and Kanamori [2003] proposed to use the predominant period of the P-wave to determine the magnitude of a large earthquake at local distance and Olivieri et al. [2008] calibrated a specific relation for the Italian region. The Mw 6.3 earthquake that hit Central Italy on April 6, 2009 and the largest aftershocks provide a useful dataset to validate the proposed relation and discuss the risks con- nected to the extrapolation of magnitude relations with a poor dataset of large earthquake waveforms. A large discrepancy between ML estimated by means of τ max evaluation and standard ML (6.8 ± 1.5 vs. 5.9 ± 0.4) suggests using p caution when ML vs. τmax calibrations do not include a relevant dataset of p large earthquakes. Effects from large residuals could be mitigated or removed introducing selection rules on τ function, by regionalizing the ML vs. τmax pp function in the presence of significant tectonic or geological heterogeneity, and using probabilistic and evolutionary methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 607-614
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Magnitude ; Earthquake Early Warning Systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 77
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    Seismicity of the Atlantis Massif detachment fault, 30°N at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 13 (2012): Q0AG11, doi:10.1029/2012GC004210.
    Description: At the oceanic core complex that forms the Atlantis Massif at 30°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, slip along the detachment fault for the last 1.5–2 Ma has brought lower crust and mantle rocks to the seafloor. Hydroacoustic data collected between 1999 and 2003 suggest that seismicity occurred near the top of the Massif, mostly on the southeastern section, while detected seismicity along the adjacent ridge axis was sparse. In 2005, five short-period ocean bottom seismographs (OBS) were deployed on and around the Massif as a pilot experiment to help constrain the distribution of seismicity in this region. Analysis of six months of OBS data indicates that, in contrast to the results of the earlier hydroacoustic study, the vast majority of the seismicity is located within the axial valley. During the OBS deployment, and within the array, seismicity was primarily composed of a relatively constant background rate and two large aftershock sequences that included 5 teleseismic events with magnitudes between 4.0 and 4.5. The aftershock sequences were located on the western side of the axial valley adjacent to the Atlantis Massif and close to the ridge-transform intersection. They follow Omori's law, and constitute more than half of the detected earthquakes. The OBS data also indicate a low but persistent level of seismicity associated with active faulting within the Atlantis Massif in the same region as the hydroacoustically detected seismicity. Within the Massif, the data indicate a north-south striking normal fault, and a left-lateral, strike-slip fault near a prominent, transform-parallel, north-facing scarp. Both features could be explained by changes in the stress field at the inside corner associated with weak coupling on the Atlantis transform. Alternatively, the normal faulting within the Massif might indicate deformation of the detachment surface as it rolls over to near horizontal from an initial dip of about 60° beneath the axis, and the strike-slip events may indicate transform-parallel movement on adjacent detachment surfaces.
    Description: We thank the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI, Director of Research at WHOI, WHOI’s Department of Geology and Geophysics, and the National Science Foundation for funding the data collection.
    Description: 2013-04-09
    Keywords: Atlantis Massif ; Mid-Atlantic Ridge ; T-phase ; Hydroacoustic ; Oceanic detachment fault ; Seismicity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 78
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    Uplift and subsidence due to the 26 December 2004 Indonesian earthquake detected by SAR data (2011)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Indonesian earthquake took place on 26 December 2004 at 00:58 GMT (moment magnitude 9.3) in the Indian Ocean, offshore the west coast of Sumatra, at a depth of about 30 km. This earthquake is one of the largest of the past 100 years, comparable only with those in Chile (1960) and Alaska (1964). The earthquake originated in the subduction zone of the Indian and Burma plates, moving at a relative velocity of 6 cm/year. The aftershocks were distributed along a plate boundary of about 1000–1300km between Sumatra and the Andaman Islands. Some hours after the earthquake a destructive tsunami followed and hit the coastlines of the surrounding regions, causing widespread destruction in Indonesia, India, Thailand and Sri Lanka. The European Space Agency (ESA) made available a data package composed of European Remote Sensing Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (ERS-SAR) and Environment Satellite Advanced SAR (ENVISAT-ASAR) data covering the affected area, acquired before (four acquisition dates) and after (five acquisition dates) the earthquake. A total of 26 frames were analysed. We used this dataset to evaluate the effects of the earthquake and tsunami on the human settlements and the physiographic conditions along the coast. The proposed method is based on a visual comparison between pre- and post-seismic SAR intensity images, and on an analysis of their correlation coefficients. No complex data were made available by the ESA to exploit phase coherence. Analysis of pre- and post-earthquake SAR backscattering showed wide uplift areas between the Andaman Islands and Simeulue Island, and large modifications of the coastline of Sumatra. Subsiding areas were detected along the southeast coast of Andaman up to the west coast of Nicobar Island. Tidal effects were filtered out of the SAR images to identify the consequences of the earthquake. Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in the Andaman provided results confirming the surface displacement pattern detected by SAR. The analysis enabled us to draw a boundary line separating the uplift and subsidence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3891-3910
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Remote Sensing ; Synthetic Aperture Radar ; Change Detection ; Earthquake ; Tsunami ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 79
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    Earthquake damage mapping techniques using SAR and Optical remote sensing satellite data (2011)
    In-Tech
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The objective of the chapter is to describe the major satellite techniques by using both SAR and optical images, for mapping damage caused by seismic events in urban areas. These type of techniques have revealed themselves a suitable monitoring tool for disaster management since they provide a quick detection of land changes in wide areas, especially in remote areas or where the infrastructures are not well developed to ensure the necessary communication exchanges. In fact, in the aftermath of these severe disastrous events the most urgent needs is to estimate with sufficient reliability and rapidity the amount of population and infrastructures affected for different degrees of damage. The contribution of space technologies has been demonstrated to be effective for regional/continental damage assessment using low- or medium-resolution remotely sensed data (ranging from 30m to 1 km), and both automatic and manual interpretation approaches have been successfully used for extraction of information at a nominal scale ranging from 1 : 100 000 to 1 : 1 000 000. Today’s challenge for space technologies is also to demonstrate their effectiveness for damage assessment at local scale, ranging from 1 : 10 000 to 1 : 25 000 nominal scales. The information extracted at this level is crucial for calibration and estimation of the reliability of low- and medium-resolution assessment, for planning logistics for relief action on the field immediately after the event, and for planning the resources needed for recovery and reconstruction. Local or detailed damage assessment can also be addressed using Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite data with a spatial resolution ranging from 0.6 to 1m. At this level, the operational methodology for extracting the information was based on manual photo-interpretation of the satellite images which are processed on the screen by the photo-interpreter as for any other aerial imagery. The drawbacks of traditional photo-interpretation methodology are firstly linked to the time (and cost) needed for manual processing of the data and, secondly, to the difficulty in maintaining coherent interpretation criteria in case a large number of photo-interpreters, working in parallel in wide areas in a short time, is available. The long required processing time is in conflict with the need for rapid damage estimation, and the solution to involve parallel photo-interpreter teams often leads to an increase of time-consuming organizational problems and additional coherency lack in the information produced. Accordingly, some automatic procedures for exploiting these kind of data are developing in order to give information at this scale of detail. The most innovative automatic approaches will be described in this chapter. The major limitation, the availability of the images within a short time to manage the crisis, for an operational use of this kind of techniques will be highlighted. This is a key point for Civil Protections who needs a fast and draft overview of the epicentral area, quick information relative to the extension and distribution of damages, and the evaluation of infrastructure (roads, bridges) conditions. A single satellite can provide access time to a specific site in the order of some days, as a result the necessity to use any type of satellites data available and an integration of those data is mandatory to increase the chance to collect information on near real time. A description of the major satellite missions, SAR and optical, that provide data for this application will be done, paying particular attention to satellite constellations which may reduce the access time to 12 hours using the same sensor, as in the case of the COSMO-Skymed system. The work is addressed to the analysis of the different aspects leading to obtain maps representative of damage caused by earthquakes. At this aim some case studies will be considered, being representative of some severe earthquakes occurred in the past: Izmit (Turkey) on 1999, Bam (Iran) on 2003, Pakistan on 2005 and Sichuan (China) on 2008.
    Description: Published
    Description: 269-278
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: SAR ; Earthquake ; very high resolution images ; optical ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 80
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    Rapporto sugli eventi sismici del Beneventano (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Not Present
    Description: Osservatorio Vesuviano
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Benevento ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 81
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    Rapporto sull’evento sismico vesuviano del 25 Aprile 1996 (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the text
    Description: Osservatorio Vesuviano
    Description: Published
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: Vesuvio ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 82
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    Seismicity at the border between the Southern and Central Apennines (Italy):a review (2011)
    ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI OCEANOGRAFIA E DI GEOFISICA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We review the instrumental seismicity at the boundary between the Southern and Central Apennines with the aim of detecting the active structures...
    Description: Published
    Description: 129-142
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Southern and Central Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
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  • 83
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    Terremoti come e perchè (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L'educazione e la formazione sono due ingredienti che consentono ai cittadini di apprendere le informazioni scientifiche altrimenti confinate nei laboratori in particolare nel campo del rischio ambientale. E in questa ottica che è nato il programma O3E (acronimo in francese di Osservazione dell'Ambiente a scopo Educativo per le Scuole). II programma O3E fa seguito a un periodo di sperimentazione di 10 anni (1997-2007) in cui sono nati diversi progetti nazionali (Sismos a l'Ecole, EDURISK, climAtscope). L'obiettivo generale del programma O3E è mettere in rete istituti scolastici nelle regioni delle Alpi latine equipaggiate con sensori di parametri ambientali di tipo educativo. I dati sul movimento del suolo (sismometri), sulle temperature e la pluviometria (stazioni meteo), sulle risorse idriche (idrogeologia) registrati negli istituti scolastici sono raccolti su server dedicati poi messi a disposizione attraverso Internet alla comunità educativa. La rete O3E così strutturata, diventa il punto di partenza per varie attività di insegnamento delle geoscienze e di educazione al rischio naturale e si propone di: - promuovere le scienze sperimentali e le nuove tecnologie - mettere in rete gli attori dell'educazione e della formazione - sviluppare il senso di autonomia e la responsabilità dei giovani - rafforzare e sviluppare i legami con i partner regionali nel campo educativo e universitario - favorire una presa di coscienza razionale dei problemi legati alla prevenzione dei rischi naturali e del patrimonio geologico, ciò che può fare la differenza durante un evento in termini di sicurezza. Tenendo conto degli orientamenti del programma, che dà un grande spazio alle tecnologie di comunicazione, della sua dimensione educativa (sensibilizzazione ai rischi ambientali), del suo contenuto scientifico (geoscienze), e della sua importanza su scala regionale e persino internazionale (messa in rete di istituti scolastici), vengono avviate iniziative da parte degli istituti scolastici in stretta collaborazione con il mondo dell'Università e della Ricerca. E' il caso del presente opuscolo che tratta il caso di un terremoto emblematico per le regioni interessate da O3E: il terremoto di Imperia - Mentone del 23 febbraio 1887. I dati raccolti qui (archivi, sismogrammi, ultimi studi oceanografici. .. ) consentiranno agli studenti e ai loro insegnanti di affrontare un caso di studio.
    Description: CG06, Region PACA, DIREN PACA, Sciences a l'Ecole; ALCOTRA
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Liguria ; 1887 ; Education ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 84
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    Tremblements de terre, Comment et porquoi. Special: Seisme Ligure du 23 Fevrier 1887 (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L'education et la formation sont deux ingrédients pour permettre aux citoyens d'appréhender les informations scientifiques autrefois confinées dans les laboratoires notamment dans le domaine du risque environnemental. C'est dans cette optique qu'est ne le programme 'O3E' (pour Observation de l'Environnement à but Educatif à I'Ecole). Le programme 'O3E' fait suite à une periode probatoire de 10 ans (1997-2007) où des projets nationaux ('Sismos à l'Ecole', EDURISK et climAtscope) ont vu le jour. L'objectif global du programme 'O3E' est de mettre en réseau des établissements scolaires dans les régions alpes latines équipés de capteurs de parametrès environnementaux à vocation éducative. Les données sur le mouvement du sol (sismomètres), sur les températures et la pluviométrie (stations météo), sur la ressource en eau (hydrogéologie) ainsi enregistrées dans les établissements scolaires, sont collectées sur des serveurs dédiés puis mis à disposition par Internet à la communauté éducative. Ce réseau 'O3E', ainsi installé, est le point de départ d'activités variées pour l'enseignement des géosciences et pour l'éducation au risque naturel. Promouvoir les sciences experimentales et les nouvelles technologies Mettre en réseau les acteurs de I'Education et de la formation Developper Le sens de l'autonomie et de la responsabilité chez les jeunes Renforcer et développer des liens avec des partenaires régionaux des domaines éducatifs et universitaires - Favoriser une prise de conscience rationnelle des problèmes liés à la prévention des risques naturels et du patrimoine géologique, ce qui peut faire la différence pendant un événement en termes de sureté. Compte tenu des orientations du programme (donnant une grande place aux technologies de communication), de sa dimension éducative (sensibilisation au risque environnemental), de son contenu scientifique (géosciences), et de son importance à l'échelle règionale voire internationale (mise en reseau d'établissements scolaires), des initiatives sont prises par les équipes pédagogiques des établissements scolaires en collaboration étroite avec le monde de l'Université et de la Recherche. C'est le cas de la présente brochure qui traite Ie cas d'un tremblement de terre emblématique des régions concernees par O3E: le séisme d'imperia - Menton du 23 février 1887. Les donnees rassemblées ici (archives, sismogrammes, dernières études oceanographiques ... ) permettront aux élèves et à leurs enseignants d'aborder une étude de cas.
    Description: CG 06, Region PACA, DIREN PACA, Sciences à l'ecole; Alcotra 2007-2013, EU
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Liguria ; 1887 ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Dynamic models of earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault zone under the Sea of Marmara: Effect of hypocenter location (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We perform three-dimensional spontaneous dynamic rupture models of potential earthquakes on the geometrically complex North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ) under the Marmara Sea, Turkey. The NAFZ south of the city of Istanbul consists of a large-scale extensional stepover, with right lateral strike-slip segments linked by an oblique normal segment. We find that earthquakes nucleating near the stepover do not propagate across the entire fault system due to the statically unfavorable stress field on the oblique fault,and lead to moderate-size events only. However, earthquakes initiating a significant distance from the stepover cause significant dynamic unclamping of the oblique fault, and thus generate large through-going ruptures. Dynamic unclamping also produces supershear rupture propagation in the vicinity of fault discontinuities. The results emphasize that estimations of earthquake size, rupture propagation, and slip distribution cannot be decoupled from the location of the hypocenter and the orientation of the geometrically complex fault system within the tectonic stress field.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18302
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Dynamic model ; Earthquake ; North Anatolian Fault ; Sea of Marmara ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
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    The Mw 6.4 SW-Achaia (western Greece) earthquake sequence of 8 June 2008: Seismological, field, GPS observations and stress modeling (2010)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: On June 8, 2008 a Mw = 6.4 earthquake occurred in NW Peloponnese, western Greece. This event is the largest strike-slip earthquake to occur in western Greece during the past 25 years. No surface rupture was observed. Many rock falls, slides, and liquefaction features have been found as is typical for an earthquake of this size. Double-difference relocations of 370 aftershocks show a linear pattern of events and define a clear NE-SW striking mainshock fault plane. The hypocentrer was determined at 18 km depth beneath village Mihoi in SW Achaia. The 24-hr aftershock region extends approximately 30 km in length, and the width of the surface projection of the aftershocks ranges between 5–10 km. The depth of the aftershocks rarely exceeds 22 km. Analysis of high-rate GPS data showed that station RLS (Riolos) which is located 12.8 km N5 W of the epicenter was displaced co-seismically 7 mm to the North in agreement with right-lateral kinematics of the rupture. Static (Coulomb) stress transfer analysis indicates loading of faults near the towns of Patras (north) and Amaliada (south), respectively. The earthquake put more emphasis on the role of strike-slip in the deformation of western Greece also indicating that seismic strain is partitioned between strike-slip and normal-slip events due to obliquity of the Nubia (Africa) – Eurasia convergence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1101-1124
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Western Greece ; Strike-Slip ; Seismicity ; GPS ; HypoDD ; Coulomb Stress ; Active Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Stress aligned cracks in the upper crust of the Val d’Agri region as revealed by Shear Wave Splitting (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Shear wave splitting is measured at 19 seismic stations of a temporary network deployed in the Val d’Agri area to record low-magnitude seismic activity. The splitting results suggest the presence of an anisotropic layer between the surface and 15 km depth (i.e. above the hypocentres). The dominant fast polarization direction strikes NW–SE parallel to the Apennines orogen and is approximately parallel to the maximum horizontal stress in the region, as well as to major normal faults bordering the Val d’Agri basin. The size of the normalized delay times in the study region is about 0.01 s km−1, suggesting 4.5 per cent shear wave velocity anisotropy (SWVA). On the south-western flank of the basin, where most of the seismicity occurs, we found larger values of normalized delay times, between 0.017 and 0.02 s km−1. These high values suggest a 10 per cent of SWVA. These parameters agree with an interpretation of seismic anisotropy in terms of the Extensive-Dilatancy Anisotropy (EDA) model that considers the rock volume pervaded by fluid-saturated microcracks aligned by the active stress field. Anisotropic parameters are consistent with borehole image logs from deep exploration wells in the Val d’Agri oil field that detect pervasive fluid saturated microcracks striking NW–SE parallel to the maximum horizontal stress in the carbonatic reservoir. However, we cannot rule out the contribution of aligned macroscopic fractures because the main Quaternary normal faults are parallel to the maximum horizontal stress. The strong anisotropy and the seismicity concentration testify for active deformation along the SW flank of the basin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 601-614
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Seismic anisotropy ; Crustal structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Analysis of small magnitude seismic sequences along the Northern Apennines (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We analyze the seismicity of a small sector of the Northern Apennines merging data from the Italian seismic bulletin with original data collected by temporary seismic networks. Our attention is focused on the region enclosed between the Apenninic watershed and the Adriatic Sea. This portion of belt is interested by the occurrence of diffuse crustal seismicity and small-to-moderate earthquakes. In this paper we study the five small sequences with mainshock having Mw 〈 4.7 that in the past 15 years hit the area. Our interest is addressed to better understand the relationship between these events and the regional seismotectonic setting in terms of seismicity distribution and stress field. Two regions with different behavior in the seismic release can be distinguished: (i) along the watershed where seismicity is clustered at shallow depths (〈 15 km) and where strong earthquakes occurred in the past, (ii) an eastern portion where the seismicity is distributed across all of the crustal volume, locally reaching depths down to 30 km. The focal mechanism of the seismic sequences shows mainly normal fault kinematics coherent with the regional stress field. Detailed stress field analysis suggests a rotation of the principal stress axis moving from the axial part of the chain toward the Adriatic Sea to the east.
    Description: Published
    Description: 136-144
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Northern Apennines ; Stress field ; Focal mechanisms ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 89
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    Preliminary results from seismic monitoring at Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic Of Congo) through telemetered seismic network, Goma Volcano Observatory (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Following the January 17, 2002 catastrophic eruption of the Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) located in the western branch of the East African Rift, a great effort has been devoted to the seismic surveillance of this volcanic area. The 2002 eruption destroyed one/tenth of the city of Goma, leaving more than 100,000 homeless. In order to correctly monitor the seismic activity at Nyiragongo volcano for both scientific and civil defence purposes, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia in cooperation with GVO (Goma Volcanological Observatory), between November 2003 and May 2004 installed a new telemetered seismic network consisting of seven digital stations. The network is operational and seismic signals are continuously recorded at the GVO. In this study, we focus mainly on two aspects: (1) the deployment, in the field, of this new digital seismic network and the related real-time data acquisition system, and (2) the first results from a preliminary data analysis based on 6-month seismic recordings. Based on the waveforms and spectral analysis, long-period and very long period events (both, tectonic and volcanic-tectonic earthquakes), have been detected. Furthermore, we succeeded in locating more than 100 earthquakes. These results should strongly encourage the use of such a network data for seismotectonic studies of the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 117-127
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: East African Rift System ; Earthquake ; Telemetered ; Seismic network ; Seismic signals ; Volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 90
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    Seismicity in Central and Northern Apennines integrating the Italian national and regional networks (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we present and discuss an improved picture of the seismicity distribution of the Umbria– Marche–Abruzzi Apennines as obtained through the integration of the national and the regional seismic networks operating from 2002 to 2006. During this period, both the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) National Seismic Network and the regional networks have been greatly improved. We compare the results of the integrated catalogue obtained in this study with the Catalogue of the Italian Seismicity between 1981 and 2001 [Castello, B., Selvaggi, G., Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., 2006. CSI Catalogo della sismicità italiana 1981–2002, versione 1.1. INGV-CNT, Roma.http://legacy.ingv.it/CSI )], confirming the basic known features of the seismic activity in the region, but also evidencing some original and interesting results. In particular, the new data set allows us to better define the geometry and kinematics of the crustal seismicity, which is confined to the upper 20 km and shows a clear general deepening from west to east. In the crust, we find additional evidence of extensional seismicity below the central portion of the belt and thrust/reverse faulting mechanisms at the outer fronts of the Apennines. Looking at the seismicity along the belt, it is also possible to observe aseismic regions, which could be due to either locked or creeping portions of the Apenninic fault system. At greater depth, the west-dipping seismicity distribution down to about 70 km confirms the hypothesis of a slab of Adriatic lithosphere subducted below the Apennines, but also suggests that there are strong lateral heterogeneities and possibly tears in the slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121-135
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismic monitoring ; Focal mechanisms ; Subduction ; Apennines ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 91
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    Scientific information: problems and responsibilities (2010)
    Conference proceedings
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In industrialized countries the scientific information is a central element in the cultural formation of the civil community, but more often it is delegated to the mass media, not adequately prepared for issues to be addressed. This is often translated into a transfer of opinions, behind which there is no reality. In this way the mass media control the scientific information and convey opinions designed to protect various kinds of political interests and do not lead to an improvement of the mankind. If science has assumed over time an ever greater authoritativeness from a technical point of view, it has lost importance in education and training of the critical conscience of the society: it is not able to provide the community the appropriate tools to make it self-understanding and self-judging regarding various problems and proposed solutions. This situation has also occurred because the same researches (in good or bad faith) often tend to confuse the observed data with their scientific interpretation. And so a theory, made by a politically established team of scientists, becomes a dogma for the society, without any possibility of verification. It is necessary to reverse this trend. The scientist must assume responsibility for his role as trainer and educator of the social community, acting at different levels: in schools, in universities, in the professional field, etc. In this way it will be possible to lay new foundations to set the relationship between society, mass media and politics. A civil society more fully prepared in scientific terms, well-informed about the possible causes and effects of phenomena, will be able to discern the quality of the media information, will be able to ask the policy more effective solutions of problems and the mass media will be forced to became conscientious spokesperson of these social needs. A virtuous circle could be started, in which all the players involved will be made responsible of their role in this process that, beginning from knowledge of the problem, arrives at its solution, with the aim of the common good.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pribram (Czech Republic)
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Earthquake ; Scientific information ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 92
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    Il terremoto a scuola: una occasione di legame tra società e ricerca (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In una società come quella attuale, in cui sapere e tematiche sociali e ambientali si fondono nella realtà di tutti i giorni, la scuola non svolge più la sola semplice funzione di insegnamento. Essa ha infatti il ben più difficile compito di rendere i giovani consapevoli della realtà in cui vivono e di guidarli verso la conoscenza di tutto ciò che possa essere utile a migliorare e preservare ciò che li circonda. Questo vale in ogni ambito e si applica indifferentemente all’ambiente, alla cultura umanistica, al patrimonio culturale, a quello economico. In questo compito gli insegnanti possono essere agevolati dalla collaborazione con i ricercatori che, per loro funzione, tentano di risolvere problemi che incidono sul patrimonio e possono contribuire alla cultura della scuola in campi specifici ma soprattutto negli aspetti applicativi e con gli aggiornamenti a cui spesso, con i loro studi, contribuiscono in prima persona. In questo senso e con questo obiettivo l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV nel seguito) ha da molti anni intrapreso un lungo cammino fatto di reciproche collaborazioni con insegnanti e scuole, istituendo un apposito gruppo di lavoro specializzato in divulgazione per le scuole e per i cittadini. Negli anni è stato creato un sostanzioso patrimonio di pubblicazioni a stampa, supporti multimediali, audiovisivi e siti web creati con il compito di agevolare la divulgazione su temi scientifici.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108-112
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Terremoto ; Scuola ; Educazione ; Education ; Earthquake ; School ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
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    Evento sismico ed etica della responsabilità nell’avanzamento delle conoscenze scientifiche (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ethics takes advantage of the experience. Based on the experience, man directs criteria and individual and social behaviours, trying to make more responsible actions in the historical and environmental context in which he lives, with the goal of a real progress of mankind. The experience increases in times of crisis, when the available tools become insufficient to provide a further progress and we are forced to consider the level of civilization attained. In passing through points of rupture, the equilibrium of consolidated and shared beliefs can enter into crisis, making a change indispensable. The severity of a seismic event, such as that occurred in L'Aquila on 6 April 2009, in addition to the emotional impact produced, requires a deep reflection from our community, because of the scientific questions that necessarily it raises, questions that may no longer be evaded by a debate, almost entirely focused on the issues of seismic hazard. The earthquake is an breakage event: in the Earth's crust (physical phenomenon), on the construction (technical aspects and socio-economic repercussions), in the community (psycho-emotional and anthropological effects), in the consciences (ethical implications). A seismic event represents a verification moment: inside the community, we have to face atavistic fears and bring into question acquired certainties, trying to measure the degree of cohesion and the response to this disturbance; in technical field, we compare the structural capacity of the buildings with the seismic demand, and from this comparison we can understand the real level of safety of building systems, used materials and predisposed norms; in scientific field, researchers verify the knowledge elements of phenomena, interpretation models, adopted strategies and followed research lines. Therefore, the earthquake may represent an opportunity for the scientific knowledge advancement and the human progress. However, it is not so obvious that this will happen. The history of the science teaches us that few researchers are be able to catch the new in what everyone can see. Other scientists continue to discuss, very slowly changing their ideas regarding the new trends, that those few researchers have identified and redefined. After this event, what can change? And, above all, what will have to change? Some concepts commonly used in the study and mitigation of seismic risk (prediction, prevention, emergency, laws, popularization) will be considered, in the attempt to seize new guidelines for the defence against earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: Rimini
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Earthquake ; Scientific knowledge ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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  • 94
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    Geochemical anomalies during the 2009 l’Aquila seismic sequence (Central Italy): transverse lineaments inside the activated segments? (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence, whose main shock (Ml 5.8, Mw 6.3) occurred on April 6th at 1:32 UTC, is still ongoing (August 2009) along the central Apenninic Belt (Abruzzo region, central Italy). The main earthquake was destructive and caused 300 casualties; its epicenter has been located at 42.35°N, 13.38°E, at a depth of around 10 km. The main shock was preceded by a long seismic sequence, started several months before (i.e., December 2008, with a total of 300 earthquakes with Mlmax = 4.0). After the April 6th main event, two other earthquakes struck the area on April 7th and 9th, with Ml 5.3 and 5.1, respectively. A lot of evidences stress the role of the pore-pressure evolution of deep fluids in generating the L’Aquila sequence (e.g. Vp/Vs anomalous ratio, Chiarabba C., 2009 personal communication) as occurred for the Umbria Marche (central Italy) 1997-1998 seismic sequence (Quattrocchi, 1999 and references herein). The entire sequence highlights more than one seismogenic segment activated along a main NW-SE-trending Apenninic lineament (Fig. 1). Soon after the strongest event, our group (UF “Fluid Geochemistry, Geological Storage and Geothermics”, Department Rome 1, INGV) carried out a geochemical study throughout the seismically activated area by sampling around 600 soil gas points and around 70 groundwater points (springs and wells). The main goal of this study was the comprehension of both the behaviour and the geometry of the activated fault segments by means the application of specific geochemical methods, already exploited in other Italian seismic and volcanic areas (Quattrocchi et al., 2000; Pizzino et al., 2004; Quattrocchi et al., 2008; Voltattorni et al., 2009).In particular, here we discuss only the results gathered by measuring soil gases, considering fluxes of CO2 and CH4 as well as concentrations of radon, CO2, CH4, He, H2, N2, H2S, O2, and other minor geogas (i.e. light hydrocarbons) in the main sectors of the activated seismic sequence (see the red box in figure 1). The geochemical measurements were addressed to more than one objective. One was to update a GIS of the co-seismic effects (associated to the earthquakes with magnitude greater than ML=5.0 and surveyed by our INGV EmerGeo Working Group) and their spatial and geometrical parameters in the local geological framework. More than 400 observation sites (fractures mainly) have been detected in an area of ~ 900 km2, part of which coupled with geochemical measurements in soils (fluxes and concentrations). Most of the surface effects have been observed also as regards the presence/absence at surface of deep fluids uprising (hot water, gas pools/fluxes, vapours, etc….) along and close to the previously mapped active faults (INGV Catalogue of Strong Historical earthquakes). Geochemical measurements in soils are very powerful to discriminate the numerous local surface effects (landslides, differential compaction, rock falling, etc) with respect to the real signatures of the expression at surface of the activated seismogenic segment. For earthquakes of moderate magnitude, such as the L’Aquila 2009 event, where the superficial effects could be absent or not evident, our geochemical method demonstrated to be strategic and potentially applicable in other worldwide seismic areas. Most ruptures with a structural significance have been observed along the Paganica Fault (elongated NW-SE); also the Bazzano and Monticchio-Fossa faults have been geochemically analysed; we searched the different behaviour of these structures as a whole, each having a different tectonic role (passive, active, transfer, crossing point, etc.), in determining the degassing observed at surface. The results highlight the maximum geochemical anomalies just along a minor anti-apenninic NE-SW transverse lineament; here, CO2 (up to 2000 [gm-2day-1]) and CH4 (up to 300 [gm-2day-1] anomalous fluxes were found soon after the main shock, remaining anomalous in the following months, but with lower values. Furthermore, just in correspondence of this lineament highest values of radon (up to 40.000 Bq/m3) were found. The transects perpendicular to the Paganica Fault clearly highlighted the role of the main fracture at surface (masked in few days) as preferential pathway for gases escaping from depth, as revealed by geochemical methods. The measured values are in any case not dangerous for the people’s health and minimise the problem of CO2-CH4 burst or explosions during strong earthquakes when these gases are stored naturally underground (km), as under these activated faults (as showed by the deep wells drilled in the area). Finally, the soundest sites to install 3 continuous monitoring stations, measuring the CO2 fluxes, were selected and the stations installed (Paganica, Bazzano and S. Gregorio sites) in cooperation with colleagues coming from the INGV geochemical department of Palermo (Sicily, southern Italy). The considered geochemical methods could be exploited along other faults in Italy and abroad by performing pre-main shock geochemical surveys to i) highlight earthquake preparation discovering anomalous degassing; ii) draw a picture of fault degassing before strong seismic events and, later, during a seismic sequence; iii) to highlight transverse lineaments among main fault segments, adding information where geo-structural expressions at surface are hidden.
    Description: Published
    Description: Damascus-Syria
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: open
    Keywords: L'Aquila ; Earthquake ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 95
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    The Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources, DISS 3.1.1: new twists and turns (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS) was conceived at the end of the 1990s by a group of scientists at Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. The database was designed to host data about seismogenic source models intended to serve as geological input for ground-shaking SHA applications and was continuously updated since then. In 2005 there was a big turn in this process as we launched a new version of the database (DISS 3) which augmented the database with two innovative categories. The first, now named “Composite Seismogenic Source”, was intended to overcome the inherent difficulties in identifying fault segment boundaries. The second, named “Debated Seismogenic Source”, was devised to host tectonic information about active faults that have been proposed in the literature as potential seismogenic sources but are not fully parameterized or are considered to be not reliable or have been deprecated by subsequent work. In 2005 the database was first made available to the public through a specifically designed web-based GIS application. This new database is now being widely used in various branches of ground-shaking SHA practice and tsunami hazard. The main strength of this database is that it stores fault parameters in a native 3D and flexible conceptual model. Lately, we also developed strategies to make it testable with independent data under a number of different tectonic and seismic hypotheses. During the years, DISS brought together a large amount of published and original data on Italian seismogenic sources having a potential for a magnitude 5.5+ earthquake and is now being extended to the rest of the Euro-Mediterranean area. We present highlights on the identification and characterization of new seismogenic sources in three key-areas in Italy, namely Lombardia/Veneto (Southern Alps), Adriatic Sea, and Abruzzo/Molise (central Apennines). These new sources describe youthful structures of the Alpine south-verging contractional system, the external fold-and-thrust system in the Adriatic offshore, and the extensional domain of the inner central Apennines.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Montpellier (France)
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismogenic Source ; Active Tectonics ; Earthquake ; Active Faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 96
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    Geochemistry of fluids discharged over the seismic area of the Southern Apennines (Calabria region, Southern Italy): Implications for Fluid-Fault relationships (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The first comprehensive geochemical data-set of the fluids circulating over a 14,000 km2-wide seismicprone area of the Southern Apennines, Calabria Region (Italy), is presented here. The geochemical investigations were carried out with the twofold aim of constraining the origin and interactions of the circulating fluids and to investigate possible relationships with local faults. Sixty samples of both thermal and cold waters were collected, from which the dissolved gases were extracted. The geochemical features of the water samples display different types and degrees of water–rock interactions, irrespective of the outlet temperature. The calculated equilibrium temperatures of the thermal waters (60–160 C) and the low heat flow of thewhole study area, are consistent with a heating process due to deep water circulation and rapid upflow through lithospheric structures. The composition of the dissolved gases reveals that crustal-originating gases (N2 and CO2-dominated) feed all the groundwaters. The 3He/4He ratios of the dissolved He, in the range of 0.03–0.22Rac for the thermal waters and 0.05–0.63Rac for the cold waters (Rac = He isotope ratio corrected for atmospheric contamination), are mainly the result of a two-component (radiogenic and atmospheric) mixing, although indications of mantle-derived He are found in some cold waters. As the study area had been hit by 18 of the most destructive earthquakes (magnitude ranging from 5.9 to 7.2) occurring over a 280-a time span (1626–1908) in the Southern Apennines, the reported results on the circulating fluids may represent the reference for a better inside knowledge of the fault-fluid relationships and for the development of long-term geochemical monitoring strategies for the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 540–554
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Faults ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 97
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    The Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources, version 3.1.1 (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismogenic Source ; Active tectonics ; Active faults ; Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 98
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    Earthquake focal mechanisms and stress inversion in the Irpinia Region (southern Italy) (2010)
    SPRINGER
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The goal of this study was to estimate the stress field acting in the Irpinia Region, an area of southern Italy that has been struck in the past by destructive earthquakes and that is now characterized by low to moderate seismicity. The dataset are records of 2,352 aftershocks following the last strong event: the 23 November 1980 earthquake (M 6.9). The earthquakes were recorded at seven seismic stations, on average, and have been located using a three-dimensional (3D) P-wave velocity model and a probabilistic, non-linear, global search technique. The use of a 3D velocity model yielded amore stable estimation of take-off angles, a crucial parameter for focal mechanism computation. The earthquake focal mechanisms were computed from the P-wave first-motion polarity data using the FPFIT algorithm. Fault plane solutions show mostly normal component faulting (pure normal fault and normal fault with a strikeslip component). Only some fault plane solutions show strike-slip and reverse faulting. The stress field is estimated using the method proposed by Michael (J Geophys Res 92:357–368, 1987a) by inverting selected focal mechanisms, and the results show that the Irpinia Region is subjected to a NE–SW extension with horizontal σ3 (plunge 0◦, trend 230◦) and subvertical σ1 (plunge 80◦, trend 320◦), in agreement with the results derived from other stress indicators.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107-124
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Irpinia Region ; Seismicity ; Focal mechanisms ; Stress inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 99
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    Anomalous fluid emission of a deep borehole in a seismically active area of Northern Apennines (Italy) (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Miano borehole, 1047 m deep, is located close to the river Parma in the Northern Apennines, Italy. A measuring station has been installed to observe the discharge of fluids continuously since November 2004. The upwelling fluid of this artesian well is a mixture of thermal water and CH4 as main components. In non-seismogenic areas, a relatively constant fluid emission would be expected, perhaps overlaid with long term variations from that kind of deep reservoir over time. However, the continuous record of the fluid emission, in particular the water discharge, the gas flow rate and the water temperature, show periods of stable values interrupted by anomalous periods of fluctuations in the recorded parameters. The anomalous variations of these parameters are of low amplitude in comparison to the total values but significant in their long-term trend. Meteorological effects due to rain and barometric pressure were not detected in recorded data probably due to reservoir depth and relatively high reservoir overpressure. Influences due to the ambient temperature after the discharge were evaluated by statistical analysis. Our results suggest that recorded changes in fluid emission parameters can be interpreted as a mixing process of different fluid components at depth by variations in pore pressure as a result of seismogenic stress variation. Local seismicity was analyzed in comparison to the fluid physico-chemical data. The analysis supports the idea that an influence on fluid transport conditions due to geodynamic processes exists. Water temperature data show frequent anomalies probably connected with possible precursory phenomena of local seismic events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 555–571
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fluids ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Analysis of seafloor seismograms of the 2003 Tokachi-Oki earthquake sequence for earthquake early warning (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 35 (2008): L14310, doi:10.1029/2008GL033986.
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) algorithms estimate the magnitude of an underway rupture from the first few seconds of the P-wave to allow hazard assessment and mitigation before the S-wave arrival. Many large subduction-zone earthquakes initiate 50–150 km offshore, potentially allowing seafloor instruments sufficient time to identify large ruptures before the S-waves reach land. We tested an EEW algorithm using accelerograms recorded offshore Hokkaido in the region of the 2003 Mw 8.1 Tokachi-Oki earthquake and its aftershocks. A wavelet transform of the first ∼4 s of the P-wave concentrates information about earthquake magnitude from both waveform amplitude and frequency content. We find that wavelets with support of a few seconds provide discriminants for EEW that are both accurate enough to be useful and superior to peak acceleration or peak velocity. Additionally, we observe a scaling of wavelet coefficient magnitude above Mw 6.0 indicating that, at least for the mainshock (Mw 8.1) and largest aftershock (Mw 7.1), the final size of a rupture could have been estimated from the initial portion of the seismogram.
    Description: This work was supported by the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI.
    Keywords: Tokachi-Oki ; Earthquake ; Warning
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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