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  • 1
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Geochemistry. ; Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geochemistry. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Tsunami hazard along the Eastern African coast from mega-earthquake sources in the Indian Ocean -- Preliminary tsunami hazard map of Africa -- The AD 365 Crete earthquake/tsunami impact in the Mediterranean region -- The AD 365 Alexandria (Egypt) tsunami revisited -- Seismotectonics of the Easternmost Cyprus Arc: Implications for Tsunami Hazard Assessment -- Seismic Hazard and Risk in Africa, a hidden hazard in an extreme vulnerable context -- Seismotectonics of the Khurutse Region, Botswana -- Kinematic and elastic modelling of fault-related-folds:‎ A study from active structures of the Tell Atlas ‎(Northern Algeria)‎ -- Magmatic rifting and seismicity in Afar and northern Main Ethiopian Rift -- Architecture and evolution of the Kivu rift within the western branch of the East African rift system: Implications for seismic hazard assessment.
    Abstract: This edited book is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-2), Tunisia, in 2019. It is of interest to all researchers practicing geophysics/seismology, structural, and petroleum geology. With four sections spanning a large spectrum of geological and geophysical topics with particular reference to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa, this book presents a series of research methods that are nowadays in use for measuring, quantifying, and analyzing several geological domains. It starts with a subsection dedicated to the latest research studies on seismic hazard and risk assessment in Africa presented during the 2019 IGCP-659 meeting organized alongside the CAJG-2. And, it includes new research studies on earthquake geodesy, seismotectonics, archeoseismology and active faulting, well logging methods, geodesy and exploration/theoretical geophysics, petroleum geochemistry, petroleum engineering, structural geology, basement architecture and potential data, tectonics and geodynamics, and thermicity, petroleum, and other georesources. The edited book gives insights into the fundamental questions that address the genesis and evolution of our planet, and this is based on data collection and experimental investigations under physical constitutive laws. These multidisciplinary approaches combined with the geodynamics of tectonic provinces and investigations of potential zones of natural resources (petroleum reservoirs) provide the basis for a more sustainability in the economic development. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXV, 671 p. 431 illus., 401 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030730260
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Call number: M 05.0521
    In: DGEB-Publikation
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 144 S.
    ISBN: 3930108097
    Series Statement: DGEB-Publikation 13
    Classification:
    B..
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Braunschweig [u.a.] : Vieweg
    Call number: 8/M 03.0448
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 470 S. + 1 CD-ROM
    ISBN: 3528025743
    Classification:
    B..
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: In the past, several destructive earthquakes have occurred in the North African Atlas Mountain ranges located along the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. Although the region is rich with impressive archaeological sites, including those in modern Tunisia, few comprehensive archaeoseismological studies have been conducted. Historic sources account at least three damaging earthquakes in the Kairouan area in central Tunisia between AD 859 and 1041. Little is known about which faults triggered these earthquakes or the size of these events. The water supply of the city of Kairouan depended on a 32-km-long aqueduct with a large bridge (now partially collapsed) at the confluence of the de Mouta and Cherichira rivers. The original bridge of Roman construction was retrofitted twice during the Aghlabid period (AD 800–903) and probably in AD 995 during the Fatimid period. The ruined section of the bridge shows damage which might be related to the AD 859 earthquake shaking. Here, we present a detailed study of the history, the status and the damage of the Cherichira aqueduct bridge using previous historic accounts and written works, a 3D laser scan model, local geological and seismological characteristics, and include results of radiocarbon dating and a timeline of events. In addition to earthquake ground motions, we consider severe flash floods on the bridge as a potential cause of the damage. We estimate the severity of such flash floods and develop a model with 18 earthquake scenarios on local reverse and strike-slip faults with magnitudes between MW 6.1 and 7.2. While a few damage patterns might be indicative of flooding, most damage can be attributed to earthquakes. It is highly probable that the earthquake in AD 859 caused enough damage to the Aghlabid bridge to render it dysfunctional; however, to resolve the question of whether another earthquake in AD 911 or 1041 caused the complete destruction of the previously retrofitted aqueduct by the Fatimids requires dating of additional sections of the bridge.
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Archaeoseismology ; Cherichira aqueduct ; Kairouan ; Historic earthquake ; Flash flood ; Laser scan ; Dating ; Synthetic seismogram
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Seismic refraction, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and ambient noise array measurements using the wireless array analysis (WARAN) system were applied to acquire near-surface profiles of seismic velocities in the Selinunte Archaeological Park. This ancient city is famous for numerous temples, which according to the literature, were destroyed by at least two earthquakes in antiquity. The morphology of the archeological park is affected by two rivers which in combination with the temple remains suggests three study sites. We determined the subsurface velocity at these three locations as essential information for further studies of the response of the temple structures to earthquake ground motions. The stratigraphy of the site indicates that low-velocity layers might exist. Seismic refraction profiles with 69 m spread and 24 geophones were employed during the active seismic experiments. The measured P-wave velocities of the top two layers were used as a constraint during the inversion of dispersion relations from the MASW and WARAN data. The reliability of the velocity profiles was tested by forward calculation of synthetic seismograms. P-wave velocities which were not well constraint throughout the dispersion curve inversions were adjusted through suitable Poisson’s ratios based on the well constraint S-velocities. The combined use of the three different kinds of measurements and multi-mode interpretation of the dispersion curves revealed velocity profiles including low-velocity layers which are supported by de-amplification observed in ratios of horizontal and vertical components of noise spectra.
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Keywords: ddc:622.1592 ; MASW ; WARAN ; Dispersion curve ; Low-velocity layer ; Archaeoseismology
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-06-09
    Description: Since the mid-1990s, the local seismic network of the University of Cologne has produced digital seismograms. The data all underwent a daily routine processing. For this study, we re-processed data of almost a quarter century of seismicity in the Northern Rhine Area (NRA), including the Lower Rhine Embayment (LRE) and the Eifel Mountain region (EMR). This effort included refined discrimination between tectonic earthquakes, mine-induced events, and quarry blasts. While routine processing comprised the determination of local magnitude ML, in the course of this study, source spectra-based estimates for moment magnitude MW for 1332 earthquakes were calculated. The resulting relation between ML and MW agrees well with the theory of an ML ∝ 1.5 MW dependency at magnitudes below 3. By applying Gutenberg-Richter relation, the b-value for ML was less (0.82) than MW (1.03). Fault plane solutions for 66 earthquakes confirm the previously published N118° E direction of maximum horizontal stress in the NRA. Comparison of the seismicity with recently published Global Positioning System–based deformation data of the crust shows that the largest seismic activity during the observation period in the LRE occurred in the region with the highest dilatation rates. The stress directions agree well with the trend of major faults, and declining seismicity from south to north correlates with decreasing strain rates. In the EMR, earthquakes concentrate at the fringes of the area with corresponding the largest uplift.
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Northern Rhine Area ; Lower Rhine Embayment ; Eifel ; Seismicity ; Moment magnitude ; Crustal deformation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-09-13
    Description: Archaeological structures built across active faults and ruptured by earthquakes have been used as markers to measure the amount of displacement caused by ground motion and thus to estimate the magnitude of ancient earthquakes. The example used in this study is the Crusader fortress at Tel Ateret (Vadum Iacob) in the Jordan Gorge, north of the Sea of Galilee, a site which has been ruptured repeatedly since the Iron Age. We use detailed laser scans and discrete element models of the fortification walls to deduce the slip velocity during the earthquake. Further, we test whether the in-situ observed deformation pattern of the walls allows quantification of the amount both sides of the fault moved and whether post-seismic creep contributed to total displacement. The dynamic simulation of the reaction of the fortification wall to a variety of earthquake scenarios supports the hypothesis that the wall was ruptured by two earthquakes in 1202 and 1759 CE. For the first time, we can estimate the slip velocity during the earthquakes to 3 and 1 m/s for the two events, attribute the main motion to the Arabian plate with a mostly locked Sinai plate, and exclude significant creep contribution to the observed displacements of 1.25 and 0.5 m, respectively. Considering a minimum long-term slip rate at the site of 2.6 mm/year, there is a deficit of at least 1.6 m slip corresponding to a potential future magnitude 7.5 earthquake; if we assume ~5 mm/year geodetic rate, the deficit is even larger.
    Description: Universität zu Köln (1017)
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Archaeoseismology ; Back calculation of ground motion ; Fault slip-velocity ; Tell Ateret ; Dead sea Fault
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 110 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A series of controlled seismic experiments performed in a limestone quarry demonstrate the utility of high-precision electronic detonators in studying source characteristics of multiple explosive arrays. At near-source ranges (80-130m), where source dimensions are on the same order as source-receiver distances, the influence of the difference in travel path-length among individual explosions on the seismograms is significant. Focusing of the seismic energy is observed as a function of station location with respect to the source array and is attributed to the extended source length (68-94 m) and firing time of the source (380-544 ms).We examine two methods for modelling ripple-fired explosions at near-source ranges using the principles of superpositioning. The first method is based primarily on acquisition of an adequate single shot signal and requires well-constrained shot times. Amplitude variations which result from travel path differences are not modelled, which restricts use of this technique for purposes of blast vibration reduction to larger distances (〉2-3 source dimensions) where the spatial finiteness effects of the source begin to diminish. For near-source distances (≤2 source dimensions), we successfully model multiple-source seismograms by convolving a synthetic seismic source signal for a single explosion with individual half-space Green's functions calculated for each explosion in the array. Our single-source model for a cylindrically shaped single charge (borehole length of 17.5 m and diameter of 90 mm) of 68 kg consists of a modified Mueller-Murphy approximation which utilizes source parameter estimates taken from chemical explosion study results. Model parameters include a final cavity radius of 0.25 m and an elastic radius of 18 m. The final model is obtained by convolving the simulated single-source time series with half-space Green's functions calculated for several source depths and superposed to approximate the spatial extent of the borehole. The relative amplitude and phase characteristics of the observed single-source signal at the same distance (80.6 m) are reproduced by this model.Multiple-source synthetic seismograms contain individual Green's functions for each source-receiver distance but utilize identical sources for the explosive array. Focusing effects are shown to be due to the effect of propagation path differences between individual explosions in agreement with the results of Anderson & Stump (1989) in simulating multiple-source seismograms. Good fits to the measured production shot amplitude spectra are obtained with the synthetic spectra. Spectral peaks are well-matched due to precision of the firing times which were controlled by electronic detonators. Our example of delay time variances for 32 ms production shot (Appendix) argues for better constraint of firing times for contolled seismic experiments. Such constraint requires a 1 per cent error or less in cap firing times which can be realized by the use of firing systems with an order-of-magnitude increase in precision compared to pyrotechnic detonators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
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    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 316: 189-205.
    Publication Date: 2009-06-22
    Description: A Neolithic wooden well was discovered and excavated between 1989 and 1992 near Erkelenz in the Lower Rhine Embayment. The construction, 3x3 m in size and 13 m deep, was exceptionally large for its time. The larger outer box-frame contained two smaller frames whose construction could be interpreted as an attempt to repair the damaged original well. The outer box was made from 160 oak elements of about 3 m length built in the blockhouse method. The large box is dated to 5090 BC and the two smaller ones to 5057{+/-}5 BC by dendrochronological analysis. At c. 8 m depth several elements of the large box are vertically sheared off and the broken parts moved inward and downward. The cause of this damage has not yet been determined. As the well is located only 3 km from one of the active tectonic faults in the Lower Rhine Embayment, a seismogenic origin of the damage is considered and tested in this paper. This question has relevance for determination of seismic hazard in an area with present-day moderate seismicity but documented occurrence of strong surface-rupturing earthquakes from the palaeoseismic record. First, a geotechnical model for the construction pit with a total volume of c. 540-550 m3 is used to prove the stability of the open pit during well construction and to help explain how the well was built. The seismogenic hypothesis is tested in a deterministic approach using theoretically derived ground motion at the site of the well for two simulated earthquakes with magnitudes 6.2 and 6.8. Ground deformation and relative displacement calculated with a finite element model of the casing are found to be too small to account for the documented damage. Among other potential sources of damage, swelling, shrinking or rotting of the wood elements are possible explanations; however, a conclusive answer to this question remains to be found.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1992-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
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