ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Other Sources  (1,749)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (1,749)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (710)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (496)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (302)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (241)
  • 1980-1984  (1,749)
  • 1982  (1,749)
Collection
  • Other Sources  (1,749)
Source
  • NASA Technical Reports  (1,749)
Keywords
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,749)
Year
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On the cause of the flat-spot phenomenon observed in silicon solar cells at low temperatures and low intensities (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A model that explains the flat-spot power loss phenomenon is presented. Evidence suggests that the effect is due to localized metallurgical interactions between the silicon substrate and the contact metallization. These reactions are shown to result in localized regions in which the P-N junction is destroyed and replaced with a metal semiconductor-like interface. The effects of thermal treatment, crystallographic orientation, junction depth, and metallization are shown along with a method of preventing the effect through the suppression of vacancy formation at the free surface of the contact metallization. Data indicating the effectiveness of a TiN diffusion barrier in preventing the effect are also given.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 65-70
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Development of the operational program for satellite meteorology (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: The geostationary and polar satellites comprising the current operational system are discussed. The data acquisition capabilities of both satellite types and their complementary functions are reviewed. The advanced very high resolution radiometer on the TIROS N satellites is particularly addressed along with the imaging and atmospheric sounding instrumentation aboard the GOES satellites. The dissemination of the satellite data to the prospective users is also discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 34-40
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Early program development and implementation (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Programs for the development and operation of meteorological satellites from the TIROS 1 satellite and the establishment of NASA through the 1960's are described. The technical problems confronted in the development of the early satellite systems are discussed in addition to issues in international involvement and program support. The TIROS and Nimbus series satellites are primarily addressed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 5-33
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The climatic effect of explosive volcanic activity: Analysis of the historical data (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: By using the most complete available records of direct beam radiation and volcanic eruptions, an historical analysis of the role of the latter in modulating the former was made. A very simple fallout and dispersion model was applied to the historical chronology of explosive eruptions. The resulting time series explains about 77 percent of the radiation variance, as well as suggests that tropical and subpolar eruptions are more important than mid-latitude eruptions in their impact on the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. The simpler climatic models indicate that past hemispheric temperature can be stimulated very well with volcanic and CO2 inputs and suggest that climate forecasting will also require volcano forecasting. There is some evidence that this is possible some years in advance.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact of the 1980 Eruptions of Mt. St. Helens; p 191-202
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Distribution of Mount St. Helens dust inferred from satellites and meteorological data (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Visible and infrared pictures from two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Systems satellites, in circular orbits at about 19,000 nautical miles, are available continuously at approximately 30 minute intervals. Still pictures and film loops from this system vividly depict the events associated with the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The initial explosion, shock wave, and visible horizontal dust distribution during the following week are readily apparent. Meteorological wind and height fields permit the inference of the vertical distribution of volcanic dust as well as explain the atmospheric behavior which caused the visible and nonvisible dust distribution.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact of the 1980 Eruptions of Mt. St. Helens; p 131-140
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Comments on satellite meteorology from geostationary satellites (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Examples of the use of geostationary satellites in meteorology are given. Studies of the rate of change of cumulus clouds and cloud systems and wind parameter determination from cloud motions are reviewed. Computer processed imagery products are also discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 72-83
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Military applications evolution and future (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program is described with particular emphasis on the military applications of METSAT data. Satellite operational support, data processing and image quality requirements are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 41-47
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Early satellite program developments (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: A historical overview of the pioneer projects for the development of meteorological satellites is given. In addition, the parallel development of the responsible space agencies and panels is addressed. The Vanguard 2 satellite, the first Earth radiation experiment, and the vidicon equipped TIROS-1 satellite are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 1-4
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Problems in the climatology of the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: A brief review of the effects of climate and weather on the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions and the subsequent dispersion of ash and gases and the reciprocal influences of the eruptions on climate and climatology is presented. The effects of mesoscale destruction of snow fields and vegetation, a revised mountain profile, and ash deposits are addressed along with impacts on hemispheric climate and disruption of normal climatological observations, in the areas directly affected by the explosions and ashfall. Environmental and economic consequences are also considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact of the 1980 Eruptions of Mt. St. Helens; p 203-209
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    NASA solar array flight experiment (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The NASA large flexible solar array space shuttle flight experiment is described. The 32 x 4 m wing is deployed from the shuttle bay, and experiments in electrical output, multiple deployment, and structural dynamics are planned. Both 2 x 4 cm and 5.9 x 5.9 cm cell assemblies on the array blanket are evaluated. Safety/hazards provisions are described, including emergency jettison provisions. Ground testing and hardware fabrication are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 179-184
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Large area low-cost space solar cell development (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A development program to produce 5.9 x 5.9 cm space quality silicon solar cells with a cost goal of 30 $/W is described. Cell types investigated include wraparound dielectric, mechanical wraparound and conventional contact configurations with combinations of 2 or 10 ohm/cm resistivity, back surface reflectors and/or fields, and diffused or ion implanted junctions. A single step process to cut cell and cover glass simultaneously is being developed. Results for cell and array tests are given. Large solar arrays that might use cells of this type are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 23-26
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The swing to concentrator arrays (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Objectives and progress in both low concentration ratio (6 to 10) and high concentration ratio ( 100) array developments are summarized. Problems encountered include: thermal control, maldistribution of concentrated sunlight, current busing, and optical surface degradation. The potential advantages over planar arrays are an order of magnitude reduction in per unit cost of power plus increased immunity to radiation damage.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p xix-xxiv
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A study of the geographic coverage properties of a satellite borne Doppler lidar wind velocity measuring system (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Geographic coverage frequency and geographic shot density for a satellite borne Doppler lidar wind velocity measuring system are measured. The equations of motion of the light path on the ground were derived and a computer program devised to compute shot density and coverage frequency by latitude-longitude sections. The equations for the coverage boundaries were derived and a computer program developed to plot these boundaries, thus making it possible, after an application of a map coloring algorithm, to actually see the areas of multiple coverage. A theoretical cross-swath shot density function that gives close approximations in certain cases was also derived. This information should aid in the design of an efficient data-processing system for the Doppler lidar.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Alabama Univ. in Huntsville The 1981 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 26 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determination of the efficiency of a proportional counter for detecting X-rays (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A parallel beam of X-rays (approximately monoenergetic) passing through a rectangular slit and scattering from two flat mirrors comprise the X-ray test. The two mirrors are arranged in a periscope geometry so that the final reflected beam is parallel to the incident beam but displaced laterally by given amount. One of the detectors used to intercept the reflected X-rays is a one dimensional gas-filled proportional counter which is sensitive to the position (in 1 dimension) at which the X-rays are incident within its detecting "window". The total length of the anode wire of the proportional counter is 120 mm and this length can be divided electronically into a maximum of 1,024 parts. Hence, the output of an experimental run would be the number of incident X-rays that registered on each of the 1,024 channels. Each channel would represent an X-ray at a different spatial location and, hence, at a different scattering angle. In order to look at a wider range of scattering angles, the detector is placed on an optical table which can be rotated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Alabama Univ. in Huntsville The 1981 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 6 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ray tracing studies of Jupiter's magnetosphere (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Raypaths for decametric wavelength radiation in Jupiter's magnetosphere were calculated. The model-dependent raypaths with the Voyager observations were compared. Characteristics of the source regions and the influence of propagation effects were deduced. A three dimensional ray tracing program was employed to calculate the raypaths. Families of rays were launched at particular angles with respect to the magnetic field lines to generate conical sheets of radiation for various frequencies and various source locations. As the planet's magnetic field rotates, these warped sheets of radiation sweep past the observer, producing signatures in frequency versus time plots. These signatures match some of those found in the Voyager data. The greatest propagation effects occur in and around the source regions in the Io auroral oval.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Alabama Univ. in Huntsville The 1981 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 16 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thunderstorm electric field modelling (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Calculation of eletric field vectors within and near an isolated thundercloud (which has a given volume charge distribution) is envisaged. The maximum field strength within the thundercloud is calculated. The effects of screening layers, both above and below the thundercloud may be investigated, as well time-dependent potential problem. The study can lead to a better understanding of the charge distributions in a thundercloud, which in turn may shed some light on the actual mechanism of charging of a thundercloud.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Alabama Univ. in Huntsville The 1981 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 10 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Performance of the continuous flow diffusion chambers (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A brief comparative description is made of the chambers. Overall, comparisons for the various types of experiments - monodisperse, polydisperse and ambient aerosol - showed agreement among these chambers to within 15% in most cases. A careful analysis of the results indicated that a proper accounting of certain parameters would bring about much closer agreement among four of these instruments.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Third Intern. Cloud Condensation Nuclei Workshop; p 79-84
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determination of optimum sunlight concentration level in space for 3-5 cascade solar cells (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Current-voltage curves were calculated for each cell in a cascade structure using a solar cell diode equation and superposition. Terms for the light generated current, diffusion current, space charge recombination current and series and shunt resistance are included. Individual current voltage curves are added in series with ohmic resistance losses for the cell interconnects to obtain the cascade cell performance. Temperature was varied with concentration, using several models, and ranged from 55 C at one Sun to between 80 and 200 C at 100 Suns. A variety of series resistance and internal resistances were used. Coefficients of the diffusion and recombination terms are strongly temperature dependent. The study indicates that maximum efficiency (30%) occurs in the 50 to 100X Sun concentration range, provided series resistance is below 0.015 ohm-sq cm and cell temperature is 80 C at 100 Suns.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 265-270
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effects of processing and dopant on radiation damage removal in silicon solar cells (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Gallium and boron doped silicon solar cells, processed by ion implantation followed by either laser or furnace anneal were irradiated by 1 MeV electrons and their postirradiation recovery by thermal annealing was determined. During the postirradiation anneal, gallium doped cells prepared by both processes recovered more rapidly and exhibited none of the severe reverse annealing observed for similarly processed 2 ohm-cm boron doped cells. Ion implanted furnace annealed 0.1 ohm-cm boron doped cells exhibited the lowest post-irradiation annealing temperatures after irradiation. The drastically lowered recovery temperature is attributed to the reduced oxygen and carbon content of the 0.1 ohm-cm cells. Analysis based on defect properties and annealing kinetics indicates that further reduction in annealing temperature is attainable with further reduction in the silicon's carbon and/or divacancy content after irradiation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ESA Photovoltaic Generators in Space; p 89-93
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Remarks on future developments (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Future developments in satellite meteorology are proposed and examined in the light of policy and funding changes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 97-101
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Prospects for the future (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Atmospheric and surface fields produced from the TIROS N high resolution infrared sounder/microwave sounding unit data are discussed. The data were analyzed by direct physical inversion of the multispectral radiative transfer equation. Sea ice mapping and sea surface temperature determination are addressed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 84-96
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Key scientific questions and the role of satellites (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Some of the research opportunities that are available from geostationary satellite data, especially from MONEX during the Global Weather Experiment are described. In addition, the International Cloud Climatology Program is described and the use of satellite imagery in studying mesoscale convection complexes is discussed. Finally, information derived from satellite data on ocean winds is examined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center The Conception, Growth, Accomplishments and Future of Meteorol. Satellites; p 48-71
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanoes and climate (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: The evidence that volcanic eruptions affect climate is reviewed. Single explosive volcanic eruptions cool the surface by about 0.3 C and warm the stratosphere by several degrees. Although these changes are of small magnitude, there have been several years in which these hemispheric average temperature changes were accompanied by severely abnormal weather. An example is 1816, the "year without summer" which followed the 1815 eruption of Tambora. In addition to statistical correlations between volcanoes and climate, a good theoretical understanding exists. The magnitude of the climatic changes anticipated following volcanic explosions agrees well with the observations. Volcanoes affect climate because volcanic particles in the atmosphere upset the balance between solar energy absorbed by the Earth and infrared energy emitted by the Earth. These interactions can be observed. The most important ejecta from volcanoes is not volcanic ash but sulfur dioxide which converts into sulfuric acid droplets in the stratosphere. For an eruption with its explosive magnitude, Mount St. Helens injected surprisingly little sulfur into the stratosphere. The amount of sulfuric acid formed is much smaller than that observed following significant eruptions and is too small to create major climatic shifts. However, the Mount St. Helens eruption has provided an opportunity to measure many properties of volcanic debris not previously measured and has therefore been of significant value in improving our knowledge of the relations between volcanic activity and climate.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Atmospheric Effects and Potential Climatic Impact of the 1980 Eruptions of Mt. St. Helens; p 15-36
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Interaction of large meteoroids with the atmosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Disturbances of the atmosphere at heights of 120 to 40 km by penetration of meteroids of meter and decameter dimensions were examined. Unbiased data on atmospheric penetration of large meteroids was acquired, and their supply of gas and dust components to the middle atmosphere and their connection with the noctilucent clouds were determined.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 4; p 153-154
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Anomalies within the system - Rochechouart target rock meteorite (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Contaminated impact crater formations are pertinent to the study of meteoritic contamination at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and other Ir-enriched layers. Target mixing considerations and volumetric estimates of Rochechouart breccias are presently combined with the geochemistry of both major and siderophile trace elements, to evaluate how the chemistry of the preserved target rock-projectile mixture evolved since deposition. Over 99 percent of the mass of extraterrestrial Ir and Os in preserved formations at Rochechouart is located in suevite-like breccias and impact melts. Hydrothermal alteration and/or weathering are the most likely processes to explain both major and trace element redistribution in Rochechouart formations.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design, installation and operating experience of 20 photovoltaic medical refrigerator systems on four continents (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The NASA Lewis Research Center in cooperation with the World Health Organization, U.S.A. I.D., the Pan American Health Organization and national government agencies in some developing countries sponsored the installation of twenty photovoltaic powered medical vaccine storage refrigerator-freezer (R/F) systems. The Solar Power Corporation was selected as the contractor to perform the design, development and installation of these twenty units. Solar Power's experiences are described herein.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Development of a photovoltaic module qualification test based on combined-environment accelerated stress data (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The U.S. Coast Guard has developed a qualification test to screen photovoltaic modules for utilization on marine aids to navigation. The test is based on a combined-environment of hot and cold saltwater immersion and air pressurization. The test has demonstrated a very high acceleration factor and excellent correlation of electrical failures with modules in a concurrent real-time marine exposure.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design principles for high efficiency small-grain polysilicon solar cells, with supporting experimental studies (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Design principles suggested here aim toward high conversion efficiency (greater than 15 percent) in polysilicon cells. The principles seek to decrease the liabilities of both intragranular and grain-boundary-surface defects. The advantages of a phosphorus atom concentration gradient in a thin (less than 50 microns) base of a p(+)/n(x)/n(+) drift-field solar cell, which produces favorable gradients in chemical potential, minority-carrier mobility and diffusivity, and recombination lifetime (via phosphorus gettering) are suggested. The degrading effects of grain boundaries are reduced by these three gradients and by substituting atoms (P, H, F or Li) for vacancies on the grain-boundary surface. From recent experiments comes support for the benefits of P diffusion down grain boundaries and, for quasi-grain-boundary-free and related structures. New analytic solutions for the n(x)-base include the effect of a power-law dependence between P concentration and lifetime. These provide an upper-bound estimate on the open circuit voltage. Finite-difference numerical solutions of the six Shockley equations furnish complete information about all solar-cell parameters and add insight concerning design.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Residential photovoltaic power conditioning technology for grid connected applications (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Major advances in photovoltaic (PV) Power Conditioning (PC) with respect to performance and low-cost potential have been made. Solutions have been obtained to interface and control problems related to adapting available inverter designs to the grid-connected, residential photovoltaic experiments. A description is presented to contributing research and development activities. Attention is given to aspects of residential systems experience, conceptual design studies, questions of optimum topology development, and promising advanced designs for residential PV provided by development efforts of the private sector.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Design solutions for the solar cell interconnect fatigue fracture problem (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Mechanical fatigue of solar cell interconnects is a major failure mechanism in photovoltaic arrays. A comprehensive approach to the reliability design of interconnects, together with extensive design data for the fatigue properties of copper interconnects, has been published. This paper extends the previous work, developing failure prediction (fatigue) data for additional interconnect material choices, including aluminum and a variety of copper-Invar and copper-steel claddings. An improved global fatigue function is used to model the probability-of-failure statistics of each material as a function of level and number of cycles of applied strain. Life-cycle economic analyses are used to evaluate the relative merits of each material choce. The copper-Invar clad composites demonstrate superior performance over pure copper. Aluminum results are disappointing.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Optimal design of high-efficiency tandem cells (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Computer analysis indicates that a substantial increase in solar cell conversion efficiencies can be achieved by using two-cell, multi-bandgap tandem structures instead of single-junction cells. Practical AM1 efficiencies of about 30 percent at one sun and over 30 percent at multiple suns are to be expected. The further increases in efficiency calculated for a three-cell tandem structure are much smaller and may not justify the added complexity. For inexpensive two-cell tandem modules, Si is preferred for the bottom cell, and the top-cell material should have a bandgap of 1.75 to 1.80 eV. The GaAs-AlAs and GaAs-GaP systems are very attractive candidates for the top cell. Significant advances have been achieved in growing GaAs on Ge-coated Si substrates (for the two-terminal, two-cell structure) and in growing free-standing ultrathin GaAs layers (for the two-terminal or four-terminal structures). These advances should be transferable to the GaAs-AlAs and GaAs-GaP systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Characterization of the electrical output of flat-plate photovoltaic arrays (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The electric output of flat-plate photovoltaic arrays changes constantly, due primarily to changes in cell temperature and irradiance level. As a result, array loads such as direct-current to alternating-current power conditioners must be able to accommodate widely varying input levels, while maintaining operation at or near the array maximum power point.The results of an extensive computer simulation study that was used to define the parameters necessary for the systematic design of array/power-conditioner interfaces are presented as normalized ratios of power-conditioner parameters to array parameters, to make the results universally applicable to a wide variety of system sizes, sites, and operating modes. The advantages of maximum power tracking and a technique for computing average annual power-conditioner efficiency are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Influence of the vegetation structure on the thermal forcing of the atmosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: World Climate Programme: Sci. Papers Presented at WMO(ICSU Conf. on Phys.; p 327-340
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ability and limitations of general circulation models to simulate climate and climate variability (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: World Climate Programme: Sci. Papers Presented at WMO(ICSU Conf. on Phys.; p 97-128
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar cell performance at low illumination and temperature for deep-space applications (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 12, p. 2037, Accession no. A81-29543)
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Single crystal growth of upgraded metallurgical silicon by HEM for photovoltaic applications (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Commercially available metallurgical grade (MG) silicon has high B and P content which is not reduced significantly by directional solidification. By choosing high purity raw materials for an experimental Submerged Electrode Arc Furnace, most of the impurities are reduced to 10 ppmw. Directional solidification of upgraded metallurgical grade (UMG) silicon by the Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) has produced 16 cm x 16 cm cross section ingots with nearly single crystal structure. The main problem encountered during directional solidification was SiC impurities dispersed through the structure. Solar cells fabricated from UMG silicon that was directionally solidified twice by HEM have shown up to 12.33% (am1) conversion efficiency.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Silicon Ingot Casting, Phase 3 and Phase 4; 12 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Origin of SiC impurities in silicon crystals grown from the melt in vacuums (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A main source of high carbon levels in silicon crystals grown from melt under reduced pressures and contained in silica crucibles supported by graphite retainer/susceptor was identified by thermodynamic analysis. The calculations were verified by experimental results and the carbon level is reduced by approximately 50% with the use of molybdenum retainers.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Crystal Systems, Inc. Silicon Ingot Casting, Phase 3 and Phase 4; 5 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Silicon crystal growth in vacuum (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The most developed process for silicon crystal growth is the Czochralski (CZ) method which was in production for over two decades. In an effort to reduce cost of single crystal silicon for photovoltaic applications, a directional solidification technique, Heat Exchanger Method (HEM), was adapted. Materials used in HEM and CZ furnaces are quite similar (heaters, crucibles, insulation, etc.). To eliminate the cost of high purity argon, it was intended to use vacuum operation in HEM. Two of the major problems encountered in vacuum processing of silicon are crucible decomposition and silicon carbide formation in the melt.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Silicon Ingot Casting, Phase 3 and Phase 4; 4 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Part 2: Multi-wire slicing. Fixed Abrasive Slicing Technique (FAST) (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Fixed Abrasive Slicing Techniques (FAST) is a new slicing technique that was developed to slice ingots more effectively. It was demonstrated that 25 wafers/cm can be sliced from 10cm diameter and 19 wafers/cm from 15 cm diameter ingots. Over 99% yield (222 out of a possible 224) was demonstrated during slicing of a 10 cm diameter ingots at 25 wafers/cm. The average thickness of wafers was 0.249 mm and the kerf was 0.151 mm. Slicing rates as high as 0.14 mm/min were also demonstrated for 10 cm diameter ingots.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Silicon Ingot Casting, Phase 3 and Phase 4; 67 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Silicon slicing by fixed abrasive slicing technique (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: One of the major cost factors in silicon ingot technology adaptation for terrestrial photovoltaic application is in slicing boules into wafers. The most developed industrial practice is the Internal Diameter (ID) slicing. This method utilizes diamond cutting. The diamond stands up for long periods, hence, the cost of expendable materials is low. However, the ID technology as practiced today has poor material utilization. The Multiblade Slurry (MBS) method has low equipment and labor costs but its expendable material costs are high. Recently Multiwire Slurry (MWS) technology has shown very good material utilization, but its expendable material costs are even higher than MBS. The multiwire Fixed Abrasive Slicing Technique (FAST) still in advanced development stage, combines the low expendable material costs of ID method, the low labor and equipment costs of MBS and high material utilization of MWS.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Silicon Ingot Casting, Phase 3 and Phase 4; 3 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Part 1: Silicon ingot casting. Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Directional solidification by the Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) is a viable approach for directional solidification of silicon ingots used for terrestrial solar cell applications. Some of the significant advances made during this phase of the program were: ingot size, 34 cm x 34 cm x 17 cm - 45 kg, usable material yield - 90%, solar cell efficiency averaged over the whole ingot - 85% of control CZ (35 kg ingot), very uniform resistivity over the boule, and cycle time for 36 kg ingots - 56 hours. Some of the problems encountered were growth rate decrease with increased ingot height, silicon carbide precipitates, and high dislocation density in HEM material. The silicon carbide is attributed to backstreaming of oil vapors from the vacuum pump; the high dislocation density is associated with the thermal history of the boule.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Silicon Ingot Casting, Phase 3 and Phase 4; 111 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The spectrum of comets as derived from IUE observations (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Eight comets were observed with the IUE at various-heliocentric and geocentric distances. Their UV spectra are remarkably similar despite the large differences in the dust to gas ratios. Since all the dominant atomic species (except N) radicals and ions of the coma are detected in this spectral region, the total gaseous output of the nucleus can be estimated. The abundance of the carbon atom-bearing species is still not very well known and there are indications that the CO content of the coma could vary from comet to comet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: ESA 3rd European IUE Conf.; p 445-449
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An economic evaluation of solar energy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The economic advantages of solar dish collectors are evaluated and compared with other energy systems. Labor, inflation and energy deregulation are considered.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 329-338
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Potential benefits from a successful solar thermal program (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Solar energy systems were investigated which complement nuclear and coal technologies as a means of reducing the U.S. dependence on imported petroleum. Solar Thermal Energy Systems (STES) represents an important category of solar energy technologies. STES can be utilized in a broad range of applications servicing a variety of economic sectors, and they can be deployed in both near-term and long-term markets. The net present value of the energy cost savings attributable to electric utility and IPH applications of STES were estimated for a variety of future energy cost scenarios and levels of R&D success. This analysis indicated that the expected net benefits of developing an STES option are significantly greater than the expected costs of completing the required R&D. In addition, transportable fuels and chemical feedstocks represent a substantial future potential market for STES. Due to the basic nature of this R&D activity, however, it is currently impossible to estimate the value of STES in these markets. Despite this fact, private investment in STES R&D is not anticipated due to the high level of uncertainty characterizing the expected payoffs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 295-318
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Dish Stirling system integration and test progress report (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The integration and check-out of a complete Dish Solar Stirling Thermal Power System is described. The preliminary results of the tests conducted thus far are presented. The results are very encouraging and show promise of high performance and efficiency. The outstanding performance and durability of the 4-95 Stirling engine was the highlight of this 6 month integration and test activity. Exposure to severe heat, dust, sand and wind during the summer months and heavy rains, high winds, including sand storms and freezing cold in recent months did affected the engine or the receiver in any noticable manner.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 191-200
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Recent tests on the Carter small reciprocating steam engines (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Jay Carter Enterprises (JCE) Paratransit Vehicle steam engine was tested over a range of conditions which might be experienced by the power converter subsystem of the Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment. Some difficulties were encountered getting the engine ready for testing. These difficulties were related to the five year dormancy of the entire system and to incomplete development work that had been going on at the time of cessation of steam engine work at JCE. Other difficulties were related to the fact that the particular expander being tested never ran before and possessed some manufacturing defects. Nevertheless, the engine was operated successfully and results of testing do verify results of computer simulations of the engine in regard to the effect of temperature and power level variations. Engine efficiency was good but generally lower than expected and performance dropped as testing continued. The effect of change in expansion ratio was not demonstrated because of deterioration in engine performance. Post-test inspection revealed numerous correctable defects.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 123-145
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High-temperature ceramic heat exchanger element for a solar thermal receiver (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A study was performed by AiResearch Manufacturing Company, a division of The Garrett Corporation, on the development a high-temperature ceramic heat exchanger element to be integrated into a solar receiver producing heated air. A number of conceptual designs were developed for heat exchanger elements of differing configuration. These were evaluated with respect to thermal performance, pressure drop, structural integrity, and fabricability. The final design selection identified a finned ceramic shell as the most favorable concept. The shell is surrounded by a larger metallic shell. The flanges of the two shells are sealed to provide a leak-tight pressure vessel. The ceramic shell is to be fabricated by an innovative combination of slip casting the receiver walls and precision casting the heat transfer finned plates. The fins are bonded to the shell during firing. The unit is sized to produce 2150 F ar at 2.7 atm pressure, with a pressure drop of about 2 percent of the inlet pressure. This size is compatible with a solar collector providing a receiver input of 85 kw(th). Fabrication of a one-half scale demonstrator ceramic receiver has been completed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 233-246
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modifications and testing of a 4-95 Stirling engine for solar applications (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The modifications and testing of a standard Stirling engine, required for connection to a 25 kW induction alternator, for use with a solar thermal parabolic dish electric module is described. Power was absorbed by a GE induction alternator connected to the utility grid. Also included are the results from recent testing of another solar engine at the DOE-Georgia Tech solar site. It was done in parallel with the testing at Edwards for the purpose of comparing performance of two solar-only receivers, which were based on the standard 4-95 involute heat exchanger.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 179-189
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Verification testing of the PKI collector at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Verification testing of a solar collector was undertaken prior to its operation as part of an industrial process heat plant at Capitol Concrete Products in Topeka, Kansas. Testing was performed at a control plant installed at Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico (SNLA). Early results show that plant performance is even better than anticipated and far in excess of test criteria. Overall plant efficiencies of 65 to 80 percent were typical during hours of good insolation. A number of flaws and imperfections were detected during operability testing, the most important being a problem in elevation drive alignment due to a manufacturing error. All problems were corrected as they occurred and the plant, with over 40 hours of operation, is currently continuing operability testing in a wholly-automatic mode.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 115-118
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of photometric spectra of 17 meteors (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The initial phase of the photometry which involved 17 meteor spectra consisting of eight Geminid spectra, six Orionid spectra and three Eta Aquarid spectra is discussed. Among these 17 spectra it is found that the Geminid spectra are of the best quality and are used for the identification of the atomic lines and molecular bands that normally appear on video tape spectra. The data from the Geminid records are used for developing calibration techniques in photometry. The Orionid and Eta Aquarid spectra are chosen for early analysis because of the current interest in all physical and chemical data relating to Comet Halley.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteors and Meteor Spectra Anal.; 9 p
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Morphology of volcanoes (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of chemical composition of the lava, physical processes of volcanic formation, and lava flow lengths on the morphology of Earth volcanoes were investigated. Difficulties in investigating volcanic morphology are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Advan. in Planetary Geol.; p 565-568
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Organic Rankine power conversion subsystem development for the small community solar thermal power system (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The development and preliminary test results for an air-cooled, hermetically sealed 20 kW sub E organic Rankine cycle engine/alternator unit for use with point focussing distributed receiver solar thermal power system. A 750 F toluene is the working fluid and the system features a high speed, single-stage axial flow turbine direct-coupled to a permanent magnet alternator. Good performance was achieved with the unit in preliminary tests.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 101-113
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A transmittance-optimized, point-focus Fresnel lens solar concentrator (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The development of a point-focus Fresnel lens solar concentrator for high-temperature solar thermal energy system applications is discussed. The concentrator utilizes a transmittance-optimized, short-focal-length, dome-shaped refractive Fresnel lens as the optical element. This concentrator combines both good optical performance and a large tolerance for manufacturing, deflection, and tracking errors. The conceptual design of an 11-meter diameter concentrator which should provide an overall collector efficiency of about 70% at an 815 C (1500 F) receiver operating temperature and a 1500X geometric concentration ratio (lens aperture area/receiver aperture area) was completed. Results of optical and thermal analyses of the collector, a discussion of manufacturing methods for making the large lens, and an update on the current status and future plans of the development program are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev., Proc.; p 35-47
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mid-latitude model analysis of solar radiation, the upper layers of the sea, and seasonal climate (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A simplified, time-dependent energy balance climate model is run at the latitude belt 40-50 deg N. The model solves for the temperatures of the land, air, and 12 vertical oceanic layers, and it includes a wind stirred mixed layer. A change in model ocean optical turbidity from relatively clear (Jerlov 1) to particle rich (Jerlov III) conditions decreases the effective thickness of the oceanic layer in which heat is stored seasonally and increases the seasonal variation of sea surface temperature by 2-3 C. A decrease in the liquid water content of clouds by a factor of 4 warms the model climate and increases the seasonal variation of sea surface temperatures by 2-3 C. A 2-3 C change in the seasonal variation of sea surface temperature is also obtained by varying oceanic mixing through a factor of 2 change in the surface wind speed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Oct. 20
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chemistry and evolution of Titan's atmosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The chemistry and evolution of Titan's atmosphere are reviewed, in light of the scientific findings from the Voyager mission. It is argued that the present N2 atmosphere may be Titan's initial atmosphere, rather than one photochemically derived from an original NH3 atmosphere. The escape rate of hydrogen from Titan is controlled by photochemical production from hydrocarbons. CH4 is irreversibly converted to less hydrogen-rich hydrocarbons, which over geologic time accumulate on the surface to a layer thickness of about 0.5 km. Magnetospheric electrons interacting with Titan's exosphere may dissociate enough N2 into hot, escaping N atoms to remove about 0.2 of Titan's present atmosphere over geologic time. The energy dissipation of magnetospheric electrons exceeds solar EUV energy deposition in Titan's atmosphere by an order of magnitude, and is the principal driver of nitrogen photochemistry. The environmental conditions in Titan's upper atmosphere are favorable to building up complex molecules, particularly in the north polar cap region.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF's), eigenvectors of the spatial cross-covariance matrix of a meteorological field, are reviewed with special attention given to the necessary weighting factors for gridded data and the sampling errors incurred when too small a sample is available. The geographical shape of an EOF shows large intersample variability when its associated eigenvalue is 'close' to a neighboring one. A rule of thumb indicating when an EOF is likely to be subject to large sampling fluctuations is presented. An explicit example, based on the statistics of the 500 mb geopotential height field, displays large intersample variability in the EOF's for sample sizes of a few hundred independent realizations, a size seldom exceeded by meteorological data sets.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 110; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The growth of prognostic differences between GLAS model forecasts from SAT and NOSAT initial conditions (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A study has been conducted to determine the cause of a major synoptic difference in the 72 h GLAS model forecasts from 0000 GMT 19 February 1976 that resulted from the inclusion of satellite data. The prognostic differences that resulted in diverging cyclone paths between the forecast that included satellite temperature soundings (SAT) and the forecast that excluded satellite sounding data (NOSAT) have been traced to initial state differences in the upper level wind and temperature patterns. These modifications enhanced the variation of thermal vorticity and thermal advection across the cyclone center and in the SAT case, gave a greater initial rate of movement of the upper-level vorticity maximum associated with the surface cyclone.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 110; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Radar reflectivities and satellite imagery of severe storms 20 May 1977 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Storms on 20 May 1977 generated a vast cirrus deck. Disturbed areas at storm top had equivalent black-body temperatures (T sub BB) much lower than the tropopause temperature, indicative of overshooting tops. The area of T sub BB not greater than -71 C represents the area of convective activity penetrating 2 km above the tropopause. This area was relatively large after cloud tops and radar reflectivities reached their maximum heights. It became much smaller during tornadoes when reflectivities were decreasing. T sub BB was at a minimum at the time of mesocyclone formation. The Del City storm had two periods of growth, as indicated both by reflectivities and the T sub BB areas. The mesocyclone was first detected during the second less intense period of growth; the tornado occurred during decreasing reflectivities. The maintenance of large areas of relatively low T sub BB after tornado dissipation is ascribed to continued convection on the flanks of the storm and to residual updrafts in a thick anvil cloud.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 110; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The effect of model resolution and satellite sounding data on GLAS model forecasts (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effect of horizontal model resolution on satellite data impact has been studied for two versions of the GLAS second-order general circulation model: the C-model with a 4-deg latitude by 5-deg longitude resolution and the F-model with a 2.5-deg latitude and 3-deg longitude resolution. It is found that the 48-72 h forecast skill of the GLAS model was significantly improved by the increased resolution. Initial state differences between the SAT and NOSAT cycles using the F-model were on the average smaller than the corresponding differences with the C-model. However, the F-model cycle differences exhibited a smaller scale structure and, in some cases, larger gradients.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 110; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Production of nitric oxide by lightning on Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The first measurements of the production of nitric oxide (NO) by a laboratory discharge in a simulated Venus atmosphere are presented. The average NO yield over a range of energies was found to be 3.7 + or - 0.7 x 10 to the 15th molecules/joule. Simultaneous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) resulting from the lightning-induced dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) indicated a CO yield of about 4 x 10 to the 17th molecules/joule. These measurements suggest that at and below cloud level, a region where solar ultraviolet radiation cannot penetrate, the dissociation of CO2 by lightning may be a significant source of oxygen atoms. Depending on the assumed value for the total energy dissipated by lightning on Venus, the production of NO by lightning may be a significant sink of atmospheric nitrogen over the history of Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Aug. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence for a distant /greater than 8,700 R sub J/ Jovian magnetotail - Voyager 2 observations (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-18106)
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Aug. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Doppler radar echoes of lightning and precipitation at vertical incidence (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Digital time series data at 16 heights within two storms were collected at vertical incidence with a 10-cm Doppler radar. On several occasions during data collection, lightning echoes were observed as increased reflectivity on an oscilloscope display. Simultaneously, lightning signals from nearby electric field change antennas were recorded on an analog recorder together with the radar echoes. Reflectivity, mean velocity, and Doppler spectra were examined by means of time series analysis for times during and after lightning discharges. Spectra from locations where lightning occurred show peaks, due to the motion of the lightning channel at the air speed. These peaks are considerably narrower than the ones due to precipitation. Besides indicating the vertical air velocity that can then be used to estimate hydrometeor-size distribution, the lightning spectra provide a convenient means to estimate the radar cross section of the channel. Subsequent to one discharge, we deduce that a rapid change in the orientation of hydrometeors occurred within the resolution volume.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Quasi-periodic climate changes on Mars - A review (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The current understanding of the manner in which astronomical variations modulate the Martian climate and thereby lead to the occurrence of laminated polar terrain is considered. The seasonal cycles of dust, carbon dioxide and water, and their responses to astronomical variations, are studied. After an assessment of the way in which these cycles presently operate, for which pertinent spacecraft and ground-based observations are extant, attempts to predict how these cycles may differ under conditions of high and low obliquity and eccentricity are discussed. Attention is given not only to those areas in which there is broad agreement, but also to the controversial and speculative. Key questions include the proportion of dust and water ice in the laminae and its variations within individual layers, the relative importance of older laminae and lower-latitude material as sources of new laminae, and the factors responsible for the youth of the laminated terrain.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Photoclinometric determination of the topography of the Martian north polar cap (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Photoclinometry is useful for the determination of topography for areas which have a uniform albedo. The technique is applied to early spring Viking images of the Martian north polar cap, taken when the surface was covered by a nearly uniform frost cover. Unlike earlier approaches, the topographic profiling can be used for surfaces with any photometric function, but the strike of the planetary surface relative to the illumination angle must be specified along the profile. The resultant profiles are relatively insensitive to misestimation of the photometric function and slope orientation, but are quite sensitive to the assumed values of the reflectance of an equivalent level surface and the atmospheric opacity (if it is large).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stability of negatively charged dust grains in Saturn's ring plane (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The boundary between the inner and outer parts of Saturn's B ring is located at the theoretical limit of stability of dust grains with large negative charge to mass ratio. A grain inside of this stability limit will move along magnetic field lines and strike Saturn if given a slight velocity component normal to the ring plane. Outside of this marginal stability radius, a perturbed grain merely oscillates back and forth through the ring plane. The theoretical location of the marginal stability radius is at 1.625 Saturn radius. Observations by Pioneer 11 and Voyager 2 in the infared see the boundary as a prominent change in ring brightness at this radius. The occultation of delta-Scorpii by the rings in the ultraviolet seen by Voyager 2 shows about a factor of two change in optical depth beginning very close to this radius.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Lappajarvi meteorite crater, Finland - Petrography, Rb-Sr, major and trace element geochemistry of the impact melt and basement rocks (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 46; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Programmable temperature control system for biological materials (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A system was constructed which allows programmable temperature-time control for a 5 cu cm sample volume of arbitrary biological material. The system also measures the parameters necessary for the determination of the sample volume specific heat and thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, and provides a detailed measurement of the temperature during phase change and a means of calculating the heat of the phase change. Steady-state and dynamic temperature control is obtained by supplying heat to the sample volume through resistive elements constructed as an integral part of the sample container. For cooling purposes, this container is totally immersed into a cold heat sink. Using a mixture of dry ice and alcohol at 79 C, the sample volume can be controlled from +40 to -60 C at rates from steady state to + or - 65 C/min. Steady-state temperature precision is better than 0.2 C, while the dynamic capability depends on the temperature rate of change as well as the mass of both the sample and the container.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-29; Aug. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On the location of acid-hydrolysable carbon in lunar soil fines (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Soil fines exposed on the lunar surface accumulate small metallic iron particles and solar wind-derived carbon. In previous work, it has been suggested that an intimate association exists between one particular carbon phase, hydrolysable carbon, and very fine iron droplets, where the carbon is in solid solution in the iron. The earlier hypothesis of a constant carbon in iron concentration across a broad range of droplet sizes is testable by combining hydrolysable carbon determinations with a variety of magnetic measurements sensitive to different droplet diameters. New measurements of ferromagnetic resonance response on density and magnetic separates from size fractions of soil 12023 are interpreted as evidence that hydrolysable carbon is preferentially associated with the larger, magnetically stable single-domain iron particles rather than with the smaller superparamagnetic droplets. For the former, there is a quite uniform ratio of iron to carbon both within a series of separates from a single soil, and among soils of widely varying FeO content.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 59; 1, Ju; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Altitude variations in stratospheric aerosols of a tropical region (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To investigate the possibility that significant amounts of tropical tropospheric air may be convectively introduced into the stratosphere, aerosol samplings over Panama were made at various altitudes using a wire impactor collector. The percentage of particle sizes less than the mean mode decreases with height above the tropopause, suggesting depletion of small particles, possibly due to coagulation. Larger aerosols (greater than 0.3 micron in diam.) are more abundant farther above the tropopause, indicating growth, mainly by condensation. The total particle concentration decreases with increasing height above the tropopause, and also with increasing temperature. Aerosols containing smaller-size particles are thus found closer to the tropopause, and larger-size, more-evolved aerosols occur at higher altitudes. These data indicate that convective activity at the Intertropical Convergence Zone may be a source mechanism for stratospheric aerosols.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A dehydration mechanism for the stratosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Although mean circulations are generally credited with dehydration of the earth's stratosphere, convective instability in the tropics converts mean circulations to small residuals of local convective circulations. The effects of large cumulonimbus which penetrate the stratosphere and form huge anvils in the lower stratosphere are discussed with respect to hydration and dehydration of the stratosphere. Radiative heating at anvil base combined with cooling at anvil top drives a dehydration engine considered essential to explain the dry stratosphere. Seasonal and longitudinal variations in dehydration potentials are examined with maximum potential attributed to Micronesian area during winter and early spring.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An assessment of the FGGE satellite observing system during SOP-1 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The sensitivity of a Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences global objective analysis cycle to the addition of FGGE level II-b data is assessed. The GOAS system comprises a predictive continuity provided by a model first-guess forecast integrated from a previous forecast and updated by data gathered in the interim. FGGE data originated in the Jan.-Mar. 1979 period and were acquired by rawinsondes, pilot balloons, surface stations, satellites, ships, and drifting buoys deployed during SOP-1. Focussing on 2-5 and 8-day forecasts, comparisons were made of the 6 hr forecast error at the 300 mb height in three experiments using all, no-satellite (NOSAT), and without rawinsondes or pilot balloons modes. Larger errors occurred in the case of NOSAT, while significant corrections to the GOAS predictions were noted using all the FGGE data. It was concluded that all forecasts were improved by inclusion of full FGGE data sets, including forecasting beyond one week.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 63
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lightning protection of wind turbines (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Possible damages to wind turbine components due to lightning strikes are discussed and means to prevent the damage are presented. A low resistance path to the ground is noted to be essential for any turbine system, including metal paths on nonmetal blades to conduct the strike. Surge arrestors are necessary to protect against overvoltages both from utility lines in normal operation and against lightning damage to control equipment and contactors in the generator. MOS structures are susceptible to static discharge injury, as are other semiconductor devices, and must be protected by the presence of static protection circuitry. It is recommended that the electronics be analyzed for the circuit transient response to a lightning waveform, to induced and dc current injection, that input/output leads be shielded, everything be grounded, and lightning-resistant components be chosen early in the design phase.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theory of radio occultation by Saturn's rings (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The radio occultation technique, as applied to Saturn's rings, is developed as a new method for the study of the physical properties of planetary ring systems. The rings are treated as a Doppler-spread radar target composed of an ensemble of discrete scatterers. The mathematical formulation of the received signal as a random-phasor-sum process is carried out following a conventional radar theory approach, providing a convenient starting point for deriving coherent signal parameters. A classical result is rederived for the equivalent refractive index of the medium. The analysis is generalized to include ringlets of arbitrary width and it is shown that when the width is such that two adjacent rays are differentially perturbed in phase, ray bending that causes focusing of the coherent signal may result. The diffuse component is also treated in detail.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 49; Feb. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stratospheric condensation nuclei variations may relate to solar activity (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of increases of stratospheric condensation nuclei suggest a photo-initiated sulphuric acid vapour formation process in spring in polar regions. It is proposed that the sulphuric acid rapidly forms condensation nuclei through attachment to negatively charged multi-ion complexes and that the process may be modulated through variations in solar activity.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Nature; 297; May 13
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Skylab near-infrared observations of clouds indicating supercooled liquid water droplets (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Orographically-induced lee-wave clouds were observed over New Mexico by a multichannel scanning radiometer on Skylab during December 1973. Channels centered at 0.83, 1.61 and 2.125 microns were used to determine the cloud optical thickness, thermodynamic phase and effective particle size. An additional channel centered at 11.4 microns was used to determine cloud-top temperature, which was corroborated through comparison with the stereographically determined cloud top altitudes and conventional temperature soundings. Analysis of the measured near-infrared reflection functions at 1.61 and 2.125 microns are most easily interpreted as indicating the presence of liquid-phase water droplets. This interpretation is not conclusive even after considerable effort to understand possible sources for misinterpretation. However, if accepted the resulting phase determination is considered anomalous due to the inferred cloud-top temperatures being in the -32 to -47 C range. Theory for the homogeneous nucleation of pure supercooled liquid water droplets predicts very short lifetimes for the liquid phase at these cold temperatures. A possible explanation for the observations is that the wave-clouds are composed of solution droplets. Impurities in the cloud droplets could decrease the homogeneous freezing rate for these droplets, permitting them to exist for a longer time in the liquid phase, at the cold temperatures found.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 39; Mar. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Utilization of normal mode initial conditions for detecting errors in the dynamics part of primitive equation global models (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: When a global atmospheric basic state has constant angular velocity and its temperature varies with altitude only, there exist normal mode solutions to the linearized global primitive equations. The use of these normal modes, which have known behavior in time, is superior to the use of the Rossby-Haurwitz wave as initial conditions for detecting errors in the dynamics part of primitive equation global models. With these initial conditions, integration through only one time step is sufficient to detect many formulation and coding errors. Other tests are still required for detecting problems of nonlinear instability and conservation of integral properties, however.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 110; Apr. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effect of thickness on silicon solar cell efficiency (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A computer-aided-design study on the dependence of the efficiency peak of a back-surface field solar cell on the concentrations of the recombination and dopant impurities is presented. The illuminated current-voltage characteristics of more than 100 cell designs are obtained using the transmission line circuit model to numerically solve the Shockley equations. Using an AM 1 efficiency of 17% as a target value, it is shown that the efficiency versus thickness dependence has a broad maximum which varies by less than 1% over more than a three-to-one range of cell thicknesses from 30 to 100 microns. An optically reflecting back surface will give only a slight improvement of AM 1 efficiency, about 0.7%, in this thickness range. Attention is given to the dependence of the efficiency on patchiness across the back-surface field low-high junction in thin cells.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-29; May 1982
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Structure of the Venus mesosphere and lower thermosphere from measurements during entry of the Pioneer Venus probes (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Data on the thermal structure of the nightside middle atmosphere of Venus, from 84 to 137 km altitude, have been obtained from analysis of deceleration measurements from the third Pioneer Venus small probe, the night probe, which entered the atmosphere near the midnight meridian at 27 deg S latitude. Comparison of the midnight sounding with the morning sounding at 31 deg S latitude indicates that the temperature structure is essentially diurnally invariant up to 100 km, above which the nightside structure diverges sharply from the dayside toward lower temperatures. Very large diurnal pressure differences develop above 100 km with dayside pressure ten times that on the nightside at 126 km altitude. This has major implications for upper atmospheric dynamics. The data are compared with the measurements of Keating et al. (1980) above 140 km, with theoretical thermal structure models of Dickinson, and with data obtained by Russian Venera spacecraft below 100 km. Midnight temperatures are approximately 130 K, somewhat warmer than those reported by Keating et al.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 49; Jan. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An instrument for measuring thermal inertia in the field (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Features and test results of a thermal inertial meter (TIM) for cataloging the thermal inertial of surface material in situ as a basis for satellite remote sensing of geologic materials are described. The instrument is employed to determine the temperature rise of the materials in the field, with the assumptions that the sample and a standard are homogeneous in composition, the heat flux density is constant at the surface of each material, and the specimens are thick enough to be treated as semi-infinite bodies. A formula for calculating thermal inertia is presented, and the components of the TIM are detailed. A box with three compartments, two holding standards, is placed on the sample surface with the third compartment open to the specimen. Dolomite and quartz are used as references when all samples are measured after heating. Tests with rocks and sand in Nevada and California revealed that chert has a higher thermal inertia than barite.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 48; Apr. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Mars reference atmosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A nominal atmospheric model of Mars is presented, with detailed consideration being given to the various sources of variability in the Martian atmosphere. A basic model for the midlatitude summer is outlined for the northern and southern hemispheres. Attention is given to meteorological variability due to winds, diurnal and seasonal pressure variations, temperature changes, and the effects of dust opacity, particularly on temperature stratification. Viking lander IR thermal mapper data are examined in terms of diurnal and latitudinal temperature variations, and cloud and haze formation and locations are discussed. Mass spectrometry of the atmosphere is used to describe the molecular abundances, and water vapor measurements are reviewed. Finally, radio occultation, UV airglow, and mass spectrometry of the Martian upper atmosphere are investigated, along with the temperature structure of the upper atmosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Venus - Chemical weathering of igneous rocks and buffering of atmospheric composition (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Data from the Pioneer Venus radar mapper, combined with measurements of wind velocity and atmospheric composition, suggest that surface erosion on Venus varies with altitude. Calcium- and magnesium-rich weathering products are produced at high altitudes by gas-solid reactions with igneous minerals, then removed into the hotter lowlands by surface winds. These fine-grained weathering products may then rereact with the lower atmosphere and buffer the composition of the observed gases carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride in some regions of the surface. This process is a plausible mechanism for the establishment in the lowlands of a calcium-rich mineral assemblage, which had previously been found necessary for the buffering of these species.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 216; Apr. 9
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The induced magnetosphere of Titan (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: No evidence was found for an intrinsic magnetic field, nor for the development of a bow shock wave, as the corotating Saturnian magnetoplasma convected past Titan during the Voyager 1 close encounter of November 12, 1980. The observation of a well-developed, induced bipolar magnetic tail is evidence, however, of a strong electrodynamic interaction. Three thin, current-carrying regions were crossed which correspond to the inbound and outbound tail magnetopause and an imbedded tail neutral sheet. The interaction is unique among those observed to date in the solar system, in that it is intermediate with respect to sonic and Alfvenic Mach numbers by comparison with Titan in the solar wind and Io in the Jovian magnetosphere. The draping of the Saturnian magnetic field around the ionosphere of Titan is suggested by results of the analysis of magnetic field data.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Mar. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Allan Hills icefield and its relationship to meteorite concentration (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Allan Hills icefield is described by as a limited icefield that has large concentrations of meteorites. The meteorites appear to be concentrated on the lower limb of an ice monocline with other finds scattered throughout the field. In an attempt to understand the mechanisms of meteorite concentration, a triangulation chain was established across the icefield. This chain is composed of 20 stations, two of which are on bedrock, and extends westward from the Allan Hills a distance of 15 kilometers. The triangulation chain and its relationship to the meteorite concentrations is shown.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Catalog of Meteorites from Victoria Land, Antarctica, 1978 - 1980; p 12-18
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A PPM modulator and demodulator for the 2.5 bit/detected photon demonstration (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In addition to performing the basic pulse position modulation and demodulation, the hardware described also indicates the occurrence of erasures and errors of various types. The analyzer portion of the circuit counts the number of pulses received in a word, demodulates a second input pulse (if one is received), indicates the occurrence of erasures, and detects PPM word errors. Word errors are detected by comparing the modulator input word to the corresponding demodulator output. These functions are provided mainly for testing and diagnosis of the system during the feasibility demonstration period.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 50-54
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Composition of Jupiter (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The chemistry of Jupiter's atmosphere is reviewed. The various molecules that were discovered on Jupiter are summarized. The compounds: methane, ammonia water, ethane, acetylene, carbon monoxide, phosphine, and germane.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 363-385
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Infrared absorption by OH containing compounds (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The spectroscopy of the species H2O, H2O2, and HO2 are discussed. Their vibration rotation transitions are emphasized, but the pure rotational transitions in the vibrational ground state of H2O are also considered since they contribute to opacity in the middle infrared region.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 295-310
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    New theoretical and experimental methods for pressure broadened linewidths and their interpretation (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A review of recent progress in the theory of collisional line broadening, particularly the impact of recent advances in collision dynamics calculations is presented. Some new approaches to the interpretation of experimentally measured linewidths and their impact on planetary atmosphere research are discussed. Experimental techniques which may have some advantage in providing pressure broadening data at very low temperatures are also mentioned.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 125-148
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Molecular spectroscopy and planetary exploration from space (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Examples of the role which molecular spectroscopy played in the interpretation of the thermal emission spectra of Earth, Mars, and Jupiter are given. Some advantages of molecular spectroscopy from a spacecraft passing close to a planet, or from an orbiter, over ground based techniques are discussed. Specifically the possibility of obtaining spectra over a wide spectral range (1) without the obscuring effect of Earth's atmosphere, (2) at much higher spatial resolution, and (3) from directions and with phase angles inaccessible from Earth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 29-47
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    User needs and the future of operational meteorological satellites (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Meteorological satellites and their capabilities are described. Future satellite configurations and instrumentation are discussed in the light of future user needs. In addition to the continuation of existing baseline products and services, the goals for improvement of the geosynchronous system through the 1990's will be: increasing spacial resolution in the visible and infrared channels; increasing vertical mean layer temperature resolution; adding the ability to image the solar disk; and upgrading the ground systems. Other improvements are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Meteorol. Satellites; p 53-59
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The initial conceptualization and design of a meteorological satellite (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The meteorological satellite had its substantive origin in the analytical process that helped initiate America's military satellite program. Its impetus lay in the desire to acquire current meteorological information in large areas for which normal meteorological observational data were not available on a day-to-day basis. Serious consideration was given to the feasibility of reconnaissance from meteorological satellites. The conceptualization of a meteorological satellite is discussed along with the early research which gave substance to that concept.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Meteorol. Satellites; p 3-6
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Channel and physical models of the Jovian subnebula (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A semiempirical physical model of the Jovian subnebula was developed by analogy with the primitive solar nebula itself. The chemical aspects of this model are developed according to the principles developed in the study of the thermochemistry and gas kinetic behavior of the solar nebula, but with important modifications to take into account the higher pressures and densities in the Jovian subnebula. The bulk compositions and densities of the inner satellites of Jupiter are calculated. It is proposed that Europa differs from Io chiefly in that in has suffered a less severe thermal history. The general features of this model are applicable with minor modification to the systems of Saturn and Uranus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Planetary Atmospheres Program; p 4-26
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Master timing system measurements (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The test results indicate that the system performs within the specifications established. The overall system appears to be well designed and built to a good commercial grade. The triple redundant time code generators, whose outputs are majority voted, performed adequately as far as could be determined on an operational situation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 70-74
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Line intensities from band and diode laser measurements: Neutrino 4 of CH4 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The experimental data and theoretical work on the 7.7 micron band of methane are reviewed. This band is particularly relevant in studies of the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn and the other outer planets. Methane spectra taken from the infrared spectrometer (IRIS) aboard Voyager, and a temperature profile derived by inverting those data, both for hydrogen and methane are presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 2; p 529-542
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal Structure of Jupiter and Saturn (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Temperatures in the sensible regions of the atmospheres of the outer planets are quite cold. The temperature structures for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, derived from the equilibrium models are presented in preparation. The vertical temperature profiles for Jupiter and Saturn, the molecular spectroscopic data which form the basis for this type of analysis, and the problems involved with these models for molecular absorption and with the recovery technique in general, are discussed. Results for Jupiter and Saturn from the Pioneer and Voyager infrared experiments are also presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 333-362
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spectroscopic measurements of Mars and Venus with heterodyne techniques (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements were made of the exact shape of CO2 absorption lines in Mars and Venus to determine the vertical pressure temperature structure using high resolution heterodyne spectroscopy. Accurate measurements of absolute wind velocities in both the mesosphere and stratosphere of Venus were made from Doppler shifts of narrow CO2 lines, and searches were made for minor molecular species of interest in modeling the stratospheric photochemistry for Mars and Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 277-294
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Transient species on Mars and Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The similarities between the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars are discussed. The following species are highlighted: NOx, HOx, and COx. The concentrations of the species were examined for all three planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 243-251
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Neutral species in the atmosphere of Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: About 97% of the Venusian atmosphere is CO2, with the balance comprised of various trace constituents. Species other than CO2 that are found in Venus' atmosphere or are being sought are discussed. The problems connected with the spectrum of CO2 itself are highlighted.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 229-242
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gaseous infrared absorption in the lower atmosphere of Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Possibly important sources of infrared opacity in the Venusian atmosphere was identified. It is shown that which is the major atmospheric constituent comprising about 97 percent of the atmosphere, is the dominant infrared opacity source. Not shown is N2 which comprises about 3 percent of the atmosphere. The mixing ratio of water vapor varies considerably with altitude but falls in the range of about 20 to 200 parts per million (ppm). The mixing ratio of SO2 falls in the range of 100-200 ppm. This number is about 5000 times larger than estimates obtained earlier via Earth-based observations. The abundance of some of the other minor constituents is also shown.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 255-269
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The JPL millimeter, submillimeter and microwave line catalog (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The catalog includes molecules of interest in the interstellar medium, in planetary atmospheres and in the Earth's atmosphere. Different units than those on the AFGL tape are used. For citing line frequencies in the microwave region. Either the experimental errors or the propagation of errors from the fit are included on the tape. This gives an estimate of how accurate the frequencies are. The intensity units are defined as follows: the logarithm of the intensity unit is the cross section times the frequency in MHz. This is essentially the same unit as on the AFGL tape, but contains fewer factors of the speed of light. The catalog is available to the scientific community either as a tape or on microfiche (filmed in frequency sorted and molecule sorted format).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 191-196
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microwave rotational spectroscopy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The region of planetary atmospheres upward of 1 millimeter is considered. The applications of this region, how microwave, millimeter, and submillimeter spectra (the so called rotational spectra) can fruitfully interact with infrared spectral measurements are described. Both the rotational bands and vibrational bands of molecules are considered. A typical rotational absorption coefficient for a linear molecule in a low J state with a dipole moment of about one Debye is plotted and evaluated. A vibrational case was chosen similarly: the transition dipole moment used for the vibrational case is typical of CO at the peak of its rotational distribution. Information on high altitude parameters that often cannot be obtained from higher frequency spectra, which can be provided by rotational spectra is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Vibrational-Rotational Spectry. for Planetary Atmospheres, Vol. 1; p 171-190
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...