ALBERT

Note: Foreword; Acknowledgements; List of participating members of the Expert Group; CONTENTS; List of tables; List of figures; Executive summary; Part I: Methodology and Data on Levelised Costs for Generating Electricity; Chapter 1 Introduction and context; Chapter 2 Methodology, conventions and key assumptions; Chapter 3 Technology overview; Chapter 4 Country-by-country data on electricity generating costs for different technologies; Part 2: Sensitivity analyses and boundary issues; Chapter 5 Median case; Chapter 6 Sensitivity analyses. , Chapter 7 System integration aspects of variable renewable power generationChapter 8 Financing issues; Chapter 9 Levelised costs and the working of actual power markets; Chapter 10 Carbon capture and storage; Chapter 11 Synthesis report on other studies of the levelised cost of electricity; ANNEXES; Annex 1 Issues concerning data from non-OECD countries and assumptions forthe electricity generating cost calculations; Annex 2 List of abbreviations;.

Note: Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Rationale; 1.2 Case Study: The Cross Timbers; 1.3 About This Book; References; Part I: Temperate Forest-Grassland Ecotones: Prairies, Steppes, and Pampas; Chapter 2: Woodland-Grassland Ecotonal Shifts in Environmental Mosaics: Lessons Learnt from the Environmental History of the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe) During the Holocene and the Last Ice Age Based on Investigation of Paleobotanical and Mollusk Remains; 2.1 Introduction. , 2.2 Modern Woodland-Grassland Ecotone in the Carpathian Basin and Controversies Around Definitions2.3 Profiles Selected and Methods Applied in Modeling Woodland-Grassland Ecotone Shifts in the Carpathian Basin; 2.3.1 The Climate-Zonal Hypothesis Put to the Test; 2.3.2 Testing the Model of Edaphic Ecological Factors; 2.3.3 Testing the Idea of Human-Induced Ecotone Development; 2.4 The Vegetation History of the Great Hungarian Plains as Inferred from the Evaluation of Quaternary Paleoecological and Environmental Historical Data; 2.4.1 Vegetation Development During Last Ice Age. , 2.4.2 Vegetation Development During the Terminal Part of the Last Ice Age2.4.3 Vegetation Development During the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition; 2.4.4 Vegetation History of the Carpathian Basin from the Settlement of the First Farmers; 2.5 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Ecotones as Complex Arenas of Disturbance, Climate, and Human Impacts: The Trans-Andean Forest-Steppe Ecotone of Northern Patagonia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical and Biological Setting of Forest-Steppe Ecotone of Northern Patagonia; 3.2.1 Abiotic Transition; 3.2.2 Ecosystem Properties Across the Transition. , 3.2.3 Plant Communities and Plant Diversity Across the Transition3.3 Disturbance Variation and Forest Dynamics Across the Transition; 3.3.1 Fine-Scale Disturbances; 3.3.2 Coarse-Scale Disturbances; 3.4 Direct and Disturbances-Mediated In fl uences of Climate Variability Across the Transition; 3.5 Climate, Fire, Land Use, and Long-Term Vegetation Changes Across the Transition; 3.5.1 Xeric Steppe-Woodland Belt; 3.5.2 The Nothofagus Forest-Shrubland Belt; 3.5.3 The Wet Rainforest Belt; 3.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4: Woody-Herbaceous-Livestock Species Interaction; 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Woody-Herbaceous Species Interactions and Associated Models4.3 Woodland and Grassland Stable States and Conceptual Models; 4.4 Woody-Herbaceous Ecotones; 4.5 Rates and Patterns of Woody-Herbaceous Ecotone Shift; 4.6 Woody-Herbaceous-Livestock Species Dynamics; 4.7 Other Potential Factors In fl uencing Woody-Herbaceous Species Dynamics; 4.8 Current and Future Research on Woody-Herbaceous-Livestock Species Interaction; References; Chapter 5: Woody Plant Invasions in Pampa Grasslands: A Biogeographical and Community Assembly Perspective; 5.1 Introduction. , 5.2 Woody Invasions as Hierarchical Assembly Processes.

Note: Front Cover; Dedication; Contents; Preface to the First Edition; Preface to the Second Edition; CHAPTER 1 - Introduction; CHAPTER 2 - Data Foundations; CHAPTER 3 - Human Perception and Information Processing; CHAPTER 4 - Visualization Foundations; CHAPTER 5 - Visualization Techniques for Spatial Data; CHAPTER 6 - Visualization Techniques for Geospatial Data; CHAPTER 7 - Visualization Techniques for Time-Oriented Data; CHAPTER 8 - Visualization Techniques for Multivariate Data; CHAPTER 9 - Visualization Techniques for Trees, Graphs, and Networks; CHAPTER 10 - Text and Document Visualization. , CHAPTER 11 - Interaction ConceptsCHAPTER 12 - Interaction Techniques; CHAPTER 13 - Designing Effective Visualizations; CHAPTER 14 - Comparing and Evaluating Visualization Techniques; CHAPTER 15 - Visualization Systems; CHAPTER 16 - Research Directions in Visualization; APPENDIX A - History of Computer Graphics and Visualization; APPENDIX B - Example Data Sets; APPENDIX C - Sample Programs; Bibliography; Back Cover.

Note: Inhalt; Über dieses Buch; Teil I Einführungen: Theorien der Erzählungen; Erzählen. Die ethisch-politische Funktion narrativer Diskurse; 1 Narrative Diskurse: Eigenschaften und Funktionen; 1.1 Die narrative Kunst der Begründung; 1.2 Ein semantisches Modell der Erzählung: Algirdas J. Greimas' Aktantentheorie; 1.3 Narrative Begründungen: Eine semantische Typologie; 1.4 Die Schuld und die Vergebung: Zum Verantwortungsmanagement narrativer Diskurse; 1.5 In medias res: Warum Erzählungen oft mit dem Ende beginnen; 1.6 Die doppelte Referenz: Das Allgemeine und das Einzigartige. , 2 Die Erzähler und ihr Publikum: Zur Öffentlichkeit narrativer Diskurse2.1 Öffentliche Urteile: Die Erzähler und ihr Publikum; 2.2 Die zwei Stimmen des Erzählers; 2.3 Die Präsenz des Erzählers in der Erzählung; 2.4 Die Öffentlichkeiten des Erzählers; 2.5 Autobiografisches Erzählen: Der innere Dialog und das Denken; 2.6 Ausblick: Die Öffentlichkeitsregime narrativer Diskurse; Literatur; »Menschen lesbarer machen«1: Narration, Diskurs,Referenz; 1 Narrationen als sozialwissenschaftliches Konzept; 1.1 Erzählungen zwischen Text und Handlung; 1.2 Typen der Erzählung. , 1.3 Zur lebensweltlichen Einbettung von Narrativen2 Zum Verhältnis von Narration und Diskurs; 2.1 Brauchen Diskurse Erzählungen?; 2.2 Narrationen als Sprech-Handlungen (über Satzniveau); 3 Erzählungen: Strukturen, Ereignisse und dieKomposition der Fabel; 3.1 Narration und Fabelkomposition; 3.2 Ebenen der Erzählung; 3.3 Kollektiv-Symbole und ihre Erzählungen; 3.4 Narrative und ihre Bedeutung für die kulturelle Reproduktion und Innovation; 4 Referenz und Erzählung: Jenseits der Innenwelt von Texten; 4.1 Öffentliche Erzählungen als Mimesis von Handlungen?. , 5 ConclusioLiteratur; Öffentliche Erzählungen und der globale Wandel des Klimas; 1 Einleitung; 2 Der Mensch als Klimageschichtenerzähler; 2.1 Was heißt Narrativisierung des Klimas?; 2.2 Narrationen als Geburtshelfer möglicher Welten; 2.3 Klimageschichten sind lebende Geschichten; 3 Globaler Klimawandel: Geburt eines Konzepts; 4 Sechs Varianten der Narrativisierung des globalenKlimawandels; 4.1 Das »globale Treibhaus« als anthropogene Katastrophe; 4.2 Anthropogene Eiszeiten: die Katastrophe des; 4.3 Die Geschichte vom »nuklearen Winter«; 4.4 »Paradiesische Warmzeiten«. , 4.5 Die ewige Wiederkehr der »Sonnenflecken«: Normalität statt Katastrophe. , 4.2 Die Konfiguration von Charakteren in öffentlichen Erzählungen4.3 Re-figuration und die Rolle des Lesers; Teil II Erzählungen in den Medien; Kollektivsymbolik und die deutsche Krise seit dem Jahr 2000; Heimat, Natur und die gute alte Zeit. Erzählungenüber Nachhaltige Entwicklung im Spannungsfeldöffentlicher und wissenschaftlicher Diskurse1; 1 Einleitung; 2 Wissenschaftliche Diskurse über Nachhaltige Entwicklung; 3 Nachhaltige Ernährung und Ernährungskommunikation; 4 Erzählungen über Ernährung in den Medien; 4.1 Polarisierende Rhetorik; 4.2 Affirmative Rhetorik; 4.3 Reflektierende Rhetorik.

Note: Geotechnical damage in the downstream reaches of the Tone river in the 2011 East Japan EarthquakeAmplification Effects of Thin Soft Surface Layers: A Study for NBCC 2015 -- New design spectra in Eurocode 8 and preliminary application to the seismic risk of Thessaloniki, Greece -- Incorporating Site Response into Seismic Hazard Assessments for Critical Facilities: A Probabilistic Approach -- Stress Scaling Factors For Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering Problems: A Performance-Based Approach -- Site amplification formula using Average Vs in equivalent surface layer based on vertical array strong motion records -- Observations from Istanbul vertical arrays and site specific response analysis -- Combined failure mechanism of a breakwater subject to Tsunami during 2011 East Japan Earthquake -- Lessons Learned From Dams Behavior Under Recent Earthquakes -- Nonlinear dynamic analyses of liquefaction effects on dams -- The Effects of Liquefaction on Earthquake Ground Motions -- Shaking model tests on liquefaction mitigation of embedded lifeline -- Effect of Long Duration of the Main Shock and a Big Aftershock on the Liquefaction-Induced Damage During the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake -- Liquefaction Observed During the 2010 Chile Earthquake -- A Case Study of Silty Sand Liquefaction- 2010 Hsin Hwa Liquefaction in Taiwan -- Post-earthquake analysis for a seismic retrofitting: the case history of a piled foundation in Augusta (Italy) -- Pile design in laterally spreading soil: Feedback from numerical predictions and model test results -- Integrating use of Swedish weight sounding tests for earthquake reconnaissance investigations..

Note: Contents: Einleitung: Kulturräumliche Unterschiede im Umgang mit Klimawandel? ; Klimakulturen und Raum: Theoretische Grundlagen ; Klimawandel-Konstruktionen in den Naturwissenschaften: Grundbegriffe und Wissensgenese ; Resilienzkonstruktionen als Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungspraktiken: Eine Einführung in diskutierte Kernstrategien der Raumentwicklung ; Erklärungen für klimakulturelle Differenzen: Sozialwissenschaftliche Diskurse und Ableitung von Hypothesen ; Zur (Re-) Konstruktion klimapolitisch-administrativer Rahmungen im Untersuchungsraum ; Empirisches Vorgehen ; Kommunikation zu Klimawandel an europäischen Küsten ; Vulnerabilitätskonstruktionen an europäischen Küsten ; Resilienzkonstruktionen an europäischen Küsten ; Fazit

Note: Cover; Copyright; Contents; Figures; Tables; Contributors; Abbreviations; PART I Introduction; 1. Changing regulatory arrangements in food governance; 2. Conceptualizing regulatory arrangements: Complex networks and regulatory roles; PART II Public policy responses to food safety challenges; 3. Regulation of food safety in the EU: Explaining organizational diversity among Member States; 4. Buying biosecurity: UK compensation for animal diseases; 5. Being well fed: Food safety regimes in China. , 6. The political economy of Chinese food safety regulation: Distributing adulterated milk powder in mainland China and TaiwanPART III New forms of private food governance; 7. Authority and legitimacy in governing global food chains; 8. The effectiveness of private food governance in fostering sustainable development; 9. Food quality through networks in the European wine industry; 10. Markets regulating markets: Competitive private regulation by halal certificates; PART IV How public and private regulation meet. , 11. Are we being served? The relationship between public and private food safety regulation12. Between public and private requirements: Challenges and opportunities for the export of tropical fruits from developing countries to the EU; 13. The meta-governance of co-regulation: Safeguarding the quality of Dutch eggs; Index.

Note: Introduction, Pages 1-2 --- Relaxation, Pages 3-16 --- Shear Relaxation, Pages 17-32 --- Volume Relaxation, Pages 33-43 --- Enthalpy Relaxation, Pages 45-62 --- Summary, Pages 63-72

Note: Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Fundamentals of rock failure physics; 2.1 Mechanical properties and constitutive relations; 2.1.1 Elastic deformation; 2.1.2 Ductile deformation; 2.1.3 Fracture; 2.1.4 Friction; 2.2 Basics of rock fracture mechanics; 2.2.1 Energy release rate and resistance to rupture growth; 2.2.2 Stress concentration and cohesive zone model; 2.2.3 Breakdown zone model for shear failure; 2.2.4 j-integral and energy criterion for shear failure; 2.2.5 Relation between resistance to rupture growth and constitutive relation parameters. , 3 Laboratory-derived constitutive relations for shear failure3.1 Shear failure of intact rock; 3.1.1 Method and apparatus used; 3.1.2 Constitutive relations derived from data on the shear failure of intact rock; 3.1.3 Geometric irregularity of shear-fractured surfaces and characteristic length; 3.2 Frictional slip failure on precut rock interface; 3.2.1 Method and apparatus used; 3.2.2 Geometric irregularity of precut fault surfaces and characteristic length; 3.2.3 Constitutive relations derived from data on frictional stick-slip failure. , 3.2.4 Laboratory-derived relationships between physical quantities observed during dynamic slip rupture propagation3.3 Unifying constitutive formulation and a constitutive scaling law; 3.3.1 Unification of constitutive relations for shear fracture and for frictional slip failure; 3.3.2 A constitutive scaling law; 3.3.3 Critical energy required for shear fracture and for frictional stick-slip failure; 3.3.4 Stabilityinstability of the breakdown process; 3.3.5 Breakdown zone size; 3.4 Dependence of constitutive law parameters on environmental factors; 3.4.1 Introduction. , 3.4.2 Dependence of shear failure strength on environmental factors3.4.3 Dependence of breakdown stress drop on environmental factors; 3.4.4 Dependence of breakdown displacement on environmental factors; 4 Constitutive laws for earthquake ruptures; 4.1 Basic foundations for constitutive formulations; 4.2 Rate-dependent constitutive formulations; 4.3 Slip-dependent constitutive formulations; 4.4 Depth dependence of constitutive law parameters; 5 Earthquake generation processes; 5.1 Shear failure nucleation processes observed in the laboratory; 5.1.1 Introduction; 5.1.2 Experimental method. , 5.1.3 Nucleation phases observed on faults with different surface roughnessesRough fault; Smooth fault; Extremely smooth fault; 5.1.4 Scaling of the nucleation zone size; 5.2 Earthquake rupture nucleation; 5.2.1 Seismogenic background; 5.2.2 Physical modeling and theoretical derivation of the nucleation zone size; 5.2.3 Comparison of theoretical relations with seismological data; 5.2.4 Foreshock activity associated with the nucleation process; 5.3 Dynamic propagation and generation of strong motion seismic waves; 5.3.1 Slip velocity and slip acceleration in the breakdown zone. , 5.3.2 The cutoff frequency fs max of the power spectral density of slip acceleration at the source.

Note: Cover; Title; Copyright; CONTENTS; Acknowledgments; Introduction: We Become What We Measure; Casting a Spell; Exploring a Path; 1. More, Better, Faster: The Beginnings ; Productivity, Growth, and Success; Goals and Measures; Values and Measures; 2. The Origins of Bling: The Spirit of Economic Growth ; The World of Growth: Refining the Measure; Business Accounting Goes National; 3. The Crucible of Crisis: The Great Depression and the Need for Economic Indicators ; 4. Born from Disaster: The Making of a Key Measure ; The Challenge; The Players; The Method; The Findings. , The Big Conundrum: Translating Findings into Action5. Forged in War; 6. Global Domination: The Age of GDP ; For Richer or Poorer; A Stunted Priesthood; Stopgap Consensus; Going Global; New Rules; GDP Junkies; Shackled in Fool's Gold; 7. Today's ABC of GDP ; It's an Emperor, but Does It Have Clothes?; Why It Matters; 8. More Is Not Enough ; The Little Big Number: Our Report Card for Success; Emerging Dissent; 9. "The People of Plenty Are a People of Waste"; Breaking the Spell; 10. From Alchemy to Reason: What If? A Thought Experiment; Mental Cobwebs; One More Time: Simon Kuznets. , Clearing a Path11. Looking Forward; A Daring Vision; A Moment of Possibility; Appendix A. The Measure as Guide; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

Note: IntroductionConditional expectations and related concepts in econometrics -- Basic asymptotic theory -- Single-equation linear model and ordinary least squares estimation -- Instrumental variables estimation of single-equation linear models -- Additional single-equation topics -- Estimating systems of equations by ordinary least squares and generalized least squares -- System estimation by instrumental variables -- Simultaneous equations models..

Note: Cover; Title; Copyright; CONTENTS; Acknowledgments; PART I. THE COMPLEXITY FRAME FOR POLICY; Chapter 1. Twin Peaks; Chapter 2. Government With, Not Versus, the Market; Chapter 3. I Pencil Revisited: Beyond Market Fundamentalism; Chapter 4. The Complexity Policy Frame; PART II. EXPLORING THE FOUNDATIONS; Chapter 5. How Economics Lost the Complexity Vision; Chapter 6. How Macroeconomics Lost the Complexity Vision; Chapter 7. Complexity: A New Kind of Science?; Chapter 8: A New Kind of Complexity Economics?; Chapter 9. Nudging toward a Complexity Policy Frame. , PART III. LAISSEZ-FAIRE ACTIVISM IN PRACTICEChapter 10. The Economics of Influence; Chapter 11. Implementing Influence Policy; Chapter 12. Laissez-Faire Activism; Chapter 13. Getting the Ecostructure of Government Right; PART IV. THE LOST AGENDA; Chapter 14. Getting the Ecostructure of Social Science Education Right; Chapter 15. The Lost Agenda; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

Note: Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication Page; Table of Contents; Acknowledgments; Part One: Prehistory; 1. Introduction; 2. Sex and Salesmanship; 3. Seduction and the Emotions; 4. Social Primates; Part Two: Today; 5. Testing for Talent; 6. What Do Women Want?; 7. Coalitions of the Willing; 8. The Scarcity of Charm; 9. The Tender War; Notes; References; Index.

Note: Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; The Main Themes in Three Simple Tables; Preface; Who Should Read the Book?; Acknowledgments; About the Author; Introduction; i. Efficiently Inefficient Markets; ii. Global Trading Strategies: Overview of the Book; iii. Investment Styles and Factor Investing; Part I Active Investment; Chapter 1 Understanding Hedge Funds and Other Smart Money; Chapter 2 Evaluating Trading Strategies: Performance Measures; Chapter 3 Finding and Backtesting Strategies: Profiting in Efficiently Inefficient Markets; Chapter 4 Portfolio Construction and Risk Management. , Chapter 5 Trading and Financing a Strategy: Market andPart II Equity Strategies; Chapter 6 Introduction to Equity Valuation and Investing; Chapter 7 Discretionary Equity Investing; Interview with Lee S. Ainslie III of Maverick Capital; Chapter 8 Dedicated Short Bias; Interview with James Chanos of Kynikos Associates; Chapter 9 Quantitative Equity Investing; Interview with Cliff Asness of AQR Capital Management; Part III Asset Allocation and Macro Strategies; Chapter 10 Introduction to Asset Allocation: The Returns to the Major Asset Classes; Chapter 11 Global Macro Investing. , Interview with George Soros of Soros Fund ManagementChapter 12 Managed Futures: Trend-Following Investing; Interview with David Harding of Winton Capital Management; Part IV Arbitrage Strategies; Chapter 13 Introduction to Arbitrage Pricing and Trading; Chapter 14 Fixed-Income Arbitrage; Interview with Nobel Laureate Myron Scholes; Chapter 15 Convertible Bond Arbitrage; Interview with Ken Griffin of Citadel; Chapter 16 Event-Driven Investments; Interview with John A. Paulson of Paulson & Co.; References; Index.

Note: Contents: I Grundlegungen und Orientierungen ; 1. Grundlegungen im Themenfeld Geschlechterverhältnisse und Nachhaltigkeit ; 2. Orientierungen im Themenfeld Geschlechterverhältnisse und Nachhaltigkeit ; II Forschungs- und Handlungsfelder der Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften und -politik ; 1. Einführung ; 2. Wissenschaft und Forschung ; 3. Wirtschaften und Arbeiten ; 4. Raumentwicklung ; 5. Mobilität ; 6. Klimawandel und -politik ; 7. Ressourcenpolitik und Infrastruktur ; 8. Natur und Landschaft ; 9. Konsum- und Lebensstile ; 10. Zeit(en) ; 11. Governance, Partizipation, Empowerment ; III Fazit - Die Kategorie Geschlecht: Neue Perspektiven für die Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaften

Note: Introduction; Benno WerlenPreface: Speech at TIERS Conference in Jena on 8 June 2012; Matthias Machnig -- PART I: INTEGRATED TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH -- Chapter 1: Sustainability and Territory: An Approach from the Perspective of the Imaginary in Shaping Development; Enrique Aliste -- Chapter 2: Challenges for Transdisciplinary Research; Joske Bunders -- Chapter 3: Narratives for a Sustainable Future. Vision and Motivation for Collective Action; Ilan Chabay -- PART II: KNOWLEDGE -- Chapter 4: Carving a Niche for the Social Sciences in Trans-disciplinary Research on Climate Change Adaptation and Agriculture in Southern Africa; Chipo Plaxedes Mubaya -- Chapter 5: From Co-Production of Knowledge to Transdisciplinary Research. Lessons from the Quest for Producing Socially Robust Knowledge; Juergen Weichselgartner and Bernhard Truffer -- PART III: INTERFACES SOCIETY NATURE -- Chapter 6: Terrestrial Ecosystems Dynamic in the Senegalese Agro-silvopastoral Center-east in the Second Half of the XXe Century; Aliou Dijouf and Matthew G. Hatvany -- Chapter 7: Integrated Global Change Research in West Africa: Flood Vulnerability Studies; Ibidun Adelekan -- Chapter 8: Integrated Approach in Environment Management: Context Bangladesh; Raquib Ahmed -- Chapter 9: Awareness of and Responses to the 2011 Flood Warnings among Vulnerable Communities in Lagos, Nigeria; Olokesusi, F., Olorunfemi, F.B., Onwuemele A. and Oke, M.O -- PART IV: INTERFACES SCIENCE POLICY -- Chapter 10: Solution-Based Spatial Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation to Climate Change in Taiwan; Yu-Fang Lin -- Chapter 11: Institutions and Planning: A Reflection from the Disaster Management Planning in Indonesia; Hendricus A Simarmata and Raka W Suryandaru -- Chapter 12: Could the Search for Sustainability Reinforce the Socio-ecological Conflict? The Mining Industry in Chile and its Impact at the Local and Regional Level; Fernando Campos-Medina -- Chapter 13: Institutions and Planning: A Reflection from Disaster Management Planning in Indonesia; Hendricus A. Simarmata and Raka W. Suryandaru -- Chapter 14: Could the Search for Sustainability Reinforce the Socio-ecological Conflict? The Mining Industry in Chile and its Impact at the Local and Regional Level; Fernando Campos-Medina -- Chapter 15: Political decision-making and Scientific Insights. A comment form the Political Arena; Matthias Machnig..

Note: Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002

Note: section A. Language, ideology and powersection B. Discourse and sociocultural change -- section C. Dialectics of discourse: theoretical developments -- section D. Methodology in CDA research -- section E. Political discourse -- F. Globalisation and 'transition' -- section G. Language and education..

Note: Deckblatt; Titelseite; Impressum; Inhaltsverzeichnis; Vorwort; 1 Die Bedeutung von Moral und Ethik für den wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsprozess; 2 Zur Entwicklung einer Horden- und Stammesmoral; 2.1 Vorgeschichte: Ein interdisziplinäres Projekt; 2.2 Rahmenbedingungen vorgeschichtlicher Existenz; 2.2.1 Biologische‚ anthropologische und soziale Entwicklungen; 2.2.2 Grundlinien einer Ökonomie der Steinzeit; 2.3 Denkweise‚ wirtschaftliches Verhalten und Moralität; 2.3.1 Von mythisch-magischer und dogmatischer Denkweise; 2.3.2 Moral in der Horde; 2.3.3 Moral und wirtschaftliches Verhalten. , 3 Griechische Antike: Die Lehre vom wohlgeordneten Haus3.1 Zeitliche Einordnung der griechischen Antike; 3.2 Wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Verhältnisse; 3.3 Entstehung antiker Philosophie und Ethik; 3.3.1 Vom Mythos zum Logos; 3.3.2 Sokrates, Platon und Aristoteles: Ihre Beiträge im Überblick; 3.4 Drei grundlegende Erkenntniswege; 3.5 Tugendethik - Leitlinien für eine Individualethik; 3.6 Der wohlgeordnete Kosmos: Ordnungsethik für eine geschlossene Gesellschaft; 3.6.1 Zum Verhältnis von Oikos und Polis. , 3.6.2 Unnatürliche Erwerbskunst (Chrematistik) und die Institutionen der Marktwirtschaft3.7 Das Erbe der griechischen Antike; 4 Jüdische und frühchristliche Traditionen: Gerechtigkeit, Liebe und Barmherzigkeit; 4.1 Ursprung und Verbreitung des jüdischen und christlichen Glaubens; 4.2 Politische‚ wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung in Palästina; 4.3 Religiös-biblische Traditionen und ihr Beitrag zur Ethik; 4.3.1 Die Bibel als Quelle religiöser und moralischer Vorstellungen; 4.3.2 Zum Zusammenhang von Religion‚ Recht und Moral; 4.3.3 Ethische Grundaspekte im Alten und Neuen Testament. , 4.4 Maßstäbe für wirtschaftliches Handeln aus biblischer Sicht4.4.1 Arbeitsethos‚ Erwerbsstreben und Genuss; 4.4.2 Eigentum‚ Sozialbindung‚ Zins und Preis; 4.4.3 Macht‚ Herrschaft und staatliche Redistribution; 4.4.4 Gerechtigkeit und Gleichheit; 4.4.5 Ausdifferenzierung der Wirtschaft: Handel und Geldwesen; 4.5 Der Beitrag der jüdisch-christlichen Ethik zur Entfaltung wirtschaftsethischer Kategorien; 5 Mittelalter: die Moralphilosophie als »Magd der Theologie«; 5.1 Zeitliche Einordnung; 5.2 Das »finstere« Mittelalter: Wirtschaftliche‚ soziale und politische Verhältnisse. , 5.3 Das mittelalterliche Weltbild und die Stellung der Kirche5.4 Patristik und Scholastik: Wichtige Denker und ihr Beitrag; 5.5 Schöpfungsordnung‚ Wirtschaften und Wirtschaftsethik; 5.5.1 Die Einbettung der Wirtschaft in die Schöpfungsordnung; 5.5.2 Tugendethik und Wirtschaften; 5.5.3 Wirtschaftsethische Lehren der Scholastik; 5.5.4 Von frommen Klosterbrüdern‚ edlen Rittern und sündigen Kaufleuten; 5.6 Das Mittelalter: Finsteres Zeitalter und Nährboden für eine neuzeitliche Wirtschaftsethik; 6 Neuzeit: Herausbildung einer marktwirtschaftlich-kapitalistischen Ethik; 6.1 Zeitliche Einordnung. , 6.2 Wirtschaftliche‚ soziale und politische Entwicklungslinien.

Note: Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage; Vorwort; Inhalt; Abkürzungen; Einführung; Teil I; Eine kurze Geschichte der Energiewende; Fukushima und Ausstieg (2011); Fundamente der Energiewende (1980 - 1998); EnWG und EEG (1998 - 2003); Emissionshandel und Energiepreise (2003 - 2008); Netzregulierung und EEG (2004 - 2008); Krise in Europa (2009 - 2012); Teil II; Die Zukunft der Energiewende; Standortbestimmung (2013); 2050: Energiewende; Fossile Primärenergien; Die Regenerativen; Energiesystem der Zukunft; Politik für die Energiewende; 1 Braunkohle und Erdgas; 2 Auslaufbetrieb der Kernenergie ; 3 Energieeffizienz ; 4 Emissionshandel ; 5 EEG Reform ; 6 Regulierung der Stromnetze ; 7 Strommarktgestaltung ; 8 Koordinierung der Energiewende ; Zusammenfassung.

Note: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2011

Note: Vorwort1 Einleitung -- 2 Grundlegende Definitionen -- 3 Das offene System Kohlendioxid in Wasser mit Alkalinität -- 4 Das offene System von Kohlendioxid in reinem Wasser als Spezialfall des allgemeinen Falles mit Alkalinität -- Anhang 1-5..

Note: Front cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Dedication; Friends of the Earth: rethinking travel; Foreword; Preface; Introduction; PART 1: THINKING BEYOND FLYING; Chapter 1: To fly or not to fly?; Chapter 2: Deciding never to fly again; Chapter 3: Young people and climate change; Chapter 4: Waking up to the downsides of flying; Chapter 5: Slow and low - the way to go: a systems view of travel emissions; PART 2: BUSINESS BEYOND FLYING; Chapter 6: A green travel experiment; Chapter 7: Trains versus planes: building a low-carbon travel agency. , Chapter 8: Going cold turkey: a law practice without any flightsChapter 9: The no-flying conference: Signs of Change; Chapter 10: Slowlier than thou: why flight-free travel is about better, not less; PART 3: SAVOURING THE JOURNEY; Chapter 11: The human engine: bicycling to Beijing; Chapter 12: Walking distance; Chapter 13: bike2oz: the world going through you instead of around you; Chapter 14: A small matter of distance: trying not to fly to climate talks; Chapter 15: Travel on a hot planet: exploring the global tourist industry overland; How to fly less; Index; Other Green Books titles. , About Green Books.

Note: Pages 1-9, Geodynamic evolution of the Atlas system, Morocco: An introduction, Volker Jacobshagen --- Pages 11-17, The Anti-Atlas system: An overview, Eckard Wallbrecher --- Pages 19-42, A ductile shear zone in the Panafrican basement on the northwestern margin of the West African Craton (Sirwa Dome, Central Anti-Atlas, Eckard Wallbrecher --- Pages 43-60, Tectonothermal evolution of the late Panafrican Orogeny in the central Anti-Atlas (Southern Morocco), Yannis Bassias, Eckard Wallbrecher, Alexander Willgallis --- Pages 61-80, A plate tectonic model for the Panafrican Orogeny in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, Peteralv M. Brabers --- Pages 81-90, The Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the Anti-Atlas (Morocco) discussion and new results, Werner Buggisch, Erik Flügel --- Pages 91-106, The base of the Cambrian in Morocco, K. Sdzuy, G. Geyer --- Pages 107-121, Paleogeography and facies of the ‘gres terminaux’ (uppermost Lower Cambrian, Anti-Atlas/Morocco), Werner Buggisch, Rainer Siegert --- Pages 123-128, Diagenesis and very low-grade metamorphism of the Lower Cambrian rocks in the Anti-Atlas (Morocco), Werner Buggisch --- Pages 129-138, Deformation of igneous dikes in and around the Tichka granite, high Atlas — Morocco, Jean-Paul Schaer --- Pages 139-168, Synthesis of late paleozoic and triassic redbed sedimentation in Morocco, John C. Lorenz --- Pages 169-199, Jurassic carbonate facies of the Central and Eastern High Atlas rift, Morocco, John E. Warme --- Pages 201-217, Jurassic sediments of the Central High Atlas of Morocco: Deposition, burial and erosian history, Y.A. Brechbühler, R. Bernasconi, J. -P. Schaer --- Pages 219-244, Aspects of Western High Atlas tectonics, Nikolaus Froitzheim, Johannes Stets, Paul Wurster --- Pages 245-271, Structure and post-Palaeozoic evolution of the central High Atlas, Volker Jacobshagen, Rainald Brede, Manfred Hauptmann, Werner Heinitz, Renate Zylka --- Pages 273-291, Structural evolution of the southern and northern Central High Atlas in paleogene and Mio-Pliocene times, Cyril Fraissinet, Mustapha El Zouine, Jean-Luc Morel, André Poisson, Jean Andrieux… --- Pages 293-320, Recent data on the geology of the Middle-Atlas (Morocco), Renaud du Dresnay --- Pages 321-337, Synsedimentary tectonics in the Northern Middle Atlas (Morocco) during the late Cretaceous and Tertiary, Hans-Georg Herbig --- Pages 339-357, Geophysical studies of the earth's crust and upper mantle in the Atlas system of Morocco, Gerhard Schwarz, Peter J. Wigger --- Pages 359-404, The uplift of the central High Atlas as deduced from neogene continental sediments of the Ouarzazate province, Morocco, Konrad Görler, Friedrich-Franz Helmdach, Pieter Gaemers, Kurt Heißig, Winfried Hinsch… --- Pages 405-432, The ostracode fauna of the Ait Kandoula region, systematic description, Friedrich-Franz Helmdach --- Pages 433-444, Geomorphological aspects of the quaternary evolution of the Ouarzazate Basin, Southern Morocco, Gerhard Stäblein --- Pages 445-462, Rates of scarp retreat: A means of dating Neotectonic activity, Karl-Heinz Schmidt --- Pages 463-480, Evolution of the Alboran block margin from early Mesozoic to early Miocene time, M. Durand-Delga, Ph. Olivier --- Pages 481-499, Geodynamic evolution of the Atlas system (Morocco) in post-palaeozoic times, Volker Jacobshagen, Konrad Görler, Peter Giese

Note: Pages 3-34, Physical grounds for acoustic remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer, M. A. Kallistratova --- Pages 35-84, An overview of the technological development of atmospheric echosounders (SODARS), John A. Kleppe --- Pages 85-104, Design of a tri-monostatic doppler sodar system, Yoshiki Ito --- Pages 105-116, A modular PC-based multiband sodar system, G. Mastrantonio, S. Argentini --- Pages 117-132, Mini acoustic sounding, a powerful tool for ABL applications: Recent advances, D. N. Asimakopoulos, C. G. Helmis, M. Petrakis --- Pages 133-141, Radio-acoustic temperature profiling in the troposphere, G. Bonino --- Pages 142-176, Radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) for studying the lower atmosphere, S. P. Singal, Malti Goel --- Pages 179-190, Determination of the turbulent structure parameters, Pan Naixian --- Pages 191-201, Turbulence variables derived from sodar data, R. L. Coulter --- Pages 202-235, Development of sodar detection and its application for studies of atmospheric boundary layer in Beijing, China, Mingyu Zhou --- Pages 236-246, Influence of the nocturnal low-level-jet on the vertical and mesoscale structure of the stable boundary layer as revealed from doppler-sodar-observations, Frank Beyrich, Dieter Kalass, Ulrich Weisensee --- Pages 247-274, Dynamics of the continental boundary layer: The CRPE sodar results (1984–1993), Christine Amory-Mazaudier --- Pages 275-292, Sodar investigations of gravity waves by cross spectral analysis, Günther Bull --- Pages 293-306, Sodar monitoring of nocturnal boundary layer during the harmattan in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, J. A. Adedokun --- Pages 307-324, An overview of similarity methods to estimate turbulence quantities from sodar measurements in the convective boundary layer, Dimitrios Melas --- Pages 325-384, Sodar: A tool to characterize hazardous situations in air pollution and communication, S. P. Singal, B. S. Gera, Neeraj Saxena --- Pages 385-394, Application of sodar in urban air-quality monitoring systems, Jacek Walczewski --- Pages 395-405, Operational use of sodar information in nowcasting, Th. Foken, H.-J. Albrecht, K. Sasz, F. Vogt --- Pages 409-448, Acoustic remote sensing of ocean flows, Antony Joseph K, Ehrlich Desa --- Pages 449-475, Acoustic remote sensing of ocean-atmosphere interactions, A. Weill, H. Dupuis

Note: Introduction -- Statistical Preliminaries -- Information Theory -- Transfer Entropy -- Information Transfer in Canonical Systems -- Information Transfer in Financial Markets -- Miscellaneous Applications of Transfer Entropy -- Concluding Remarks

Note: The democratic promiseThe deliberative turn in democratic theory -- The elusive concept of empathy -- Empathy in deliberative theory -- Empathy's importance : the empirical evidence -- Deliberative democracy and its critics -- Empathy and democracy..

Note: Methodology of Lithium Analytical Chemistry and Isotopic MeasurementsCosmochemistry of Lithium -- Li Partitioning, Diffusion and Associated Isotopic Fractionation: Theoretical and Experimental Insights -- Lithium in the Deep Earth: Mantle and Crustal Systems -- The Surficial Realm: Low Temperature Geochemistry of Lithium..

Note: ""Cover""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""Conventions""; ""Abbreviations""; ""1. Introduction""; ""PART I The Early Years""; ""2. Early attempts at monetary union and the Hague Summit""; ""3. The Werner Report and the collapse of Bretton Woods""; ""4. The 'snake in the tunnel' reappears""; ""5. Monetarism arrives amidst currency turmoil""; ""6. The Delors Report""; ""7. Onward to Maastricht""; ""8. The Maastricht Treaty""; ""9. Converging to crisis and austerity""; ""10. The ideological straitjacket""; ""11. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP)"". , ""12. The convergence farce: smokescreens and denial""""PART II The Path to Crisis""; ""13. The first few years: smug self-congratulation and mass delusion""; ""14. The 2003 fiscal crisis""; ""15. The German 'jobwunder'""; ""16. European Groupthink: denial on a grand scale""; ""PART III The Options for Europe""; ""17. A monetary framework for fiscal policy activism""; ""18. Framing the debate: two alternative visions of the economy""; ""19. The basic principles of functional finance""; ""20. The federal solution""; ""21. Overt Monetary Financing""; ""22. Abandoning the euro"". , ""23. Employment guarantees""""References""; ""Index"".

Note: 1 Introduction Acknowledgments 2 Why we use Jupyter notebooks 2.1 Why do we use Jupyter? 2.2 But first, what is Jupyter Notebook? 2.3 Course benefits & anecdotes 2.4 Student benefits 2.5 Instructor benefits 2.6 Conclusions 3 Notebooks in teaching and learning 3.1 Oh the places your notebooks will go! 3.2 Before You Begin… 4 A catalogue of pedagogical patterns 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Shift-Enter for the win 4.3 Fill in the blanks 4.4 Target Practice 4.5 Twiddle, tweak, and frob 4.6 Notebook as an app 4.7 Win-day-one 4.8 Top-down sequence 4.9 Two bites at every apple 4.10 Coding as translation 4.11 Symbolic math over pencil + paper 4.12 Replace analysis with numerical methods 4.13 The API is the lesson 4.14 Proof by example, disproof by counterexample 4.15 The world is your dataset 4.16 Now you try (with different data or process) 4.17 Connect to external audiences 4.18 There can be only one 4.19 Hello, world! 4.20 Test driven development 4.21 Code reviews 4.22 Bug hunt 4.23 Adversarial programming 5 Jupyter Notebook ecosystem 5.1 Language support: kernels 5.2 Using Jupyter notebooks 5.3 Authoring Jupyter notebooks 5.4 Tips and tricks 5.5 Gotchas 6 Getting your class going with Jupyter 6.1 Local installation on students’ or lab computers 6.2 Jupyter on remote servers 6.3 Distribution and collection of materials 6.4 Assessing student learning with Jupyter notebooks 6.5 How do you create Jupyter notebooks for reuse and sharing? 6.6 Jupyter: a 21st Century genre of Open Educational Resources and practices 7 Usage case studies 7.1 Jupyter notebooks in support of scaling for large enrollments 7.2 The “CFD Python” story: guiding learners at their own pace 7.3 Analyzing music with music21 7.4 Interactivity in computer science (high school and middle school) 7.5 Interactive geophysics with Jupyter 7.6 Investigating hurricanes 8 About the authors 8.1 Project lead 8.2 Authors at the sprint 9 Glossary References

Note: 1. Peierls Framework for Analysis of Dislocation Nucleation from a Crack Tip2. Advances in Characterization of Elastic-Plastic Crack-Tip Fields -- 3. Constraint and Stress State Effects in Ductile Fracture -- 4. Void Growth in Plastic Solids -- 5. Crack Blunting and Void Growth Models for Ductile Fracture -- 6. Global and Local Approaches of Fracture - Transferability of Laboratory Test Results to Components -- 7. Growth of Cracks By Intergranular Cavitation in Creep -- 8. Cracking and Fatigue in Fiber-Reinforced Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites -- 9. Metal Fatigue - A New Perspective -- 10. Reflections on Contributions to Deformation and Fracture..

Note: Outline Abstract Keywords 1. Introduction 2. Methods 2.1. Sample collection 2.2. 234Th analyses 2.3. Particulate organic carbon analyses 3. Results 3.1. Hydrography 3.2. Nutrients 3.3. 234Th activities and POC concentrations 3.4. Trapped material 4. Discussion 4.1. Origins of 234Th/238U disequilibrium 4.2. Determining 234Th fluxes 4.3. Calibration of sediment trap with 234Th 4.4. Vertical flux of particulate organic carbon and the POC/234Thp ratio 5. Conclusion Acknowledgements References

Note: Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction to environmental DNA (eDNA) 1.1 Definitions 1.2 A brief history of eDNA analysis 1.3 Constraints when working with eDNA 1.4 Workflow in eDNA studies and main methods used 1.5 Environmental DNA as a monitoring tool 2 DNA metabarcode choice and design 2.1 Which DNA metabarcode? 2.2 Properties of the ideal DNA metabarcode 2.3 In silica primer design and testing 2.3.1 Prerequisites 2.3.2 Reference sequences: description, filtering, and formatting for ecoPrimers 2.3.3 In silica primer design with ecoPrimers 2.3.3.1 'Ihe ecoPrimers output 2.3.4 In silica primer testing with ecoPCR 2.3.4.1 The ecoPCR output 2.3.4.2 Filtering of the ecoPCR output 2.3.4.3 Evaluation of primer conservation 2.3.4.4 Taxonomic resolution and Bs index 2.4 Examples of primer pairs available for DNA metabarcoding 3 Reference databases 3.1 Extracting reference databases from EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ 3.1.1 Downloading a local copy of EMBL 3.1.2 Identifying sequences corresponding to the relevant metabarcode 3.2 Marker-specific reference databases 3.2.1 Nuclear rRNA gene reference databases 3.2.2 Eukaryote-specific databases 3.3 Building a local reference database 3.3.1 PCR-based local reference database 3.3.2 Shotgun-based local reference database 3.4 Current challenges and future directions 4 Sampling 4.1 The cycle of eDNA in the environment 4.1.1 State and origin 4.1.2 Fate 4.1.3 Transport 4.2 Sampling design 4.2.1 Focusing on the appropriate DNA population 4.2.2 Defining the sampling strategy 4.3 Sample preservation 5 DNA extraction 5.1 From soil samples 5.2 From sediment 5.3 From litter 5.4 From fecal samples 5.5 From water samples 6 DNA amplification and multiplexing 6.1 Principle of the PCR 6.2 Which polymerase to choose? 6.3 The standard PCR reaction 6.4 The importance of including appropriate controls 6.4.1 Extraction negative controls 6.4.2 PCR negative controls 6.4.3 PCR positive controls 6.4.4 Tagging system controls 6.4.5 Internal controls 6.5 PCR optimization 6.6 How to limit the risk of contamination? 6.7 Blocking oligonucleotides for reducing the amplification of undesirable sequences 6.8 How many PCR replicates? 6.9 Multiplexing several metabarcodes within the same PCR 6.10 Multiplexing many samples on the same sequencing lane 6.10.1 Overview of the problem 6.10.2 Strategy 1: single-step PCR with Illumina adapters 6.10.3 Strategy 2: two-step PCR with Illumina adapters 6.10.4 Strategy 3: single-step PCR with tagged primers 7 DNA sequencing 7.1 Overview of the first, second, and third generations of sequencing technologies 7.2 The Illumina technology 7.2.1 Library preparation 7.2.2 Flow cell, bridge PCR, and clusters 7.2.3 Sequencing by synthesis 7.2.4 Quality scores of the sequence reads 8 DNA metabarcoding data analysis 8.1 Basic sequence handling and curation 8.1.1 Sequencing quality 8.1.1.1 The pros and cons of read quality-based filtering 8.1.1.2 Quality trimming software 8.1.2 Paired-end read pairing 8.1.3 Sequence demultiplexing 8.1.4 Sequence dereplication 8.1.5 Rough sequence curation 8.2 Sequence classification 8.2.1 Taxonomic classification 8.2.2 Unsupervised classification 8.2.3 Chimera identification 8.3 Taking advantages of experimental controls 8.3.1 Filtering out potential contaminants 8.3.2 Removing dysfunctional PCRs 8.4 General considerations on ecological analyses 8.4.1 Sampling effort and representativeness 8.4.1.1 Evaluating representativeness of the sequencing per PCR 8.4.1.2 Evaluating representativeness at the sampling unit or site level 8.4.2 Handling samples with varying sequencing depth 8.4.3 Going further and adapting the ecological models to metabarcoding 9 Single-species detection 9.1 Principle of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) 9.1.1 Recording amplicon accumulation in real time via fluorescence measurement 9.1.2 The typical amplification curve 9.1.3 Quantification of target sequences with the Ct method 9.2 Design and testing of qPCR barcodes targeting a single species 9.2.1 1he problem of specificity 9.2.2 qPCR primers and probe 9.2.3 Candidate qPCR barcodes 9.3 Additional experimental considerations 9.3.1 General issues associated with sampling, extraction, and PCR amplification 9.3.2 The particular concerns of contamination and inhibition 10 Environmental DNA for functional diversity 10.1 Functional diversity from DNA metabarcoding 10.1.1 Functional inferences 10.1.2 Targeting active populations 10.2 Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics: sequencing more than a barcode 10.2.1 General sampling constraints 10.2.1.1 Optimization of the number of samples 10.2.1.2 Enrichment in target organisms 10.2.1.3 Enrichment in functional information 10.2.2 General molecular constraints 10.2.3 From sequences to functions 10.2.3.1 Assembling (or not) a metagenome 10.2.3.2 Sorting contigs or reads in broad categories 10.2.3.3 Extracting functional information via taxonomic inferences 10.2.3.4 Functional annotation of metagenomes 11 Some early landmark studies 11.1 Emergence of the concept of eDNA and first results on microorganisms 11.2 Examining metagenomes to explore the functional information carried by eDNA 11.3 Extension to macroorganisms 12 Freshwater ecosystems 12.1 Production, persistence, transport, and delectability of eDNA in freshwater ecosystems 12.1.1 Production 12.1.2 Persistence 12.1.3 Transport/ diffusion distance 12.1.4 Detectability 12.2 Macroinvertebrates 12.3 Diatoms and microeukaryotes 12.4 Aquatic plants 12.5 Fish, amphibians, and other vertebrates 12.5.1 Species detection 12.5.2 Biomass estimates 12.6 Are rivers conveyer belts of biodiversity information? 13 Marine environments 13.1 Environmental DNA cycle and transport in marine ecosystems 13.2 Marine microbial diversity 13.3 Environmental DNA for marine macroorganisms 14 Terrestrial ecosystems 14.1 Delectability, persistence, and mobility of eDNA in soil 14.2 Plant community characterization 14.3 Earthworm community characterization 14.4 Bacterial community or metagenome characterization 14.5 Multitaxa diversity surveys 1 5 Paleoenvironments 15.1 Lake sediments 15.1.1 Pollen, macrofossils, and DNA metabarcoding 15.1.2 Plants and mammals from Lake Anteme 15.1.3 Viability in the ice-free corridor in North America 15.2 Permafrost 15.2.1 Overview of the emergence of permafrost as a source of eDNA 15.2.2 Large-scale analysis of permafrost samples for reconstructing past plant communities 15.3 Archaeological midden material 15.3.1 Bulk archaeological fish bones from Madagascar 15.3.2 Midden from Greenland to assess past human diet 16 Host-associated microbiota 16.1 DNA dynamics 16.2 Early molecular-based works 16.3 Post-holobiont works 17 Diet analysis 17.1 Some seminal diet studies 17.1.1 Proof of concept-analyzing herbivore diet using next-generation sequencing 17.1.2 Assessing the efficiency of conservation actions in Bialowieza forest 17.1.3 Characterizing carnivore diet, or how to disentangle predator and prey eDNA 17.1.4 Analyzing an omnivorous diet, or integrating several diets in a single one 17.2 Methodological and experimental specificities of eDNA diet analyses 17.2.1 eDNAsources 17.2.1.1 Feces 17.2.1.2 Gut content 17.2.1.3 Whole body 17.2.2 Quantitative aspects 17.2.2.1 Relationship between the amount of ingested food and DNA quantity in the sample 17.2.2.2 Quantifying DNA with PCR and next-generation sequencing 17.2.2.3 Empirical correction of abundances 17.2.3 Diet as a sample of the existing biodiversity 17.2.4 Problematic diets 18 Analysis of bulk samples 18.1 What is a bulk sample? 18.2 Case studies 18.2.1 Bulk insect samples for biodiversity monitoring 18.2.2 Nematode diversity in tropical rainforest 18.2.3 Marine metawan diversity in benthic ecosystems 18.3 Metabarcoding markers for bulk samples 18.4 Alternative strategies 19 The future of eDNA metabarcoding 19.1 PCR-based approaches 19.1.1 Singl

Note: Integrated Fault Seal Analysis: An Introduction / Steven R. Ogilvie, Steve J. Dee, Robert W. Wilson and Wayne R. Bailey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 1-8, 7 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2020-51 --- Fault seal behaviour in Permian Rotliegend reservoir sequences: case studies from the Dutch Southern North Sea / K. van Ojik, A. Silvius, Y. Kremer and Z. K. Shipton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 9-38, 13 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-189 --- An experimental and numerical investigation on the hydromechanical behaviour of carbonate fault zones upon reactivation: the impact of carbonate mud sealing layers and overall research outcomes / M. Nogueira Kiewiet, C. Lima, A. Giwelli, C. Delle Piane, V. Lemiale, L. Esteban, F. Falcao, M. B. Clennell, J. Dautriat, L. Kiewiet, J. Raimon, S. Kager and D. Dewhurst / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 39-73, 8 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-153 --- Fault failure modes, deformation mechanisms, dilation tendency, slip tendency, and conduits v. seals / David A. Ferrill, Kevin J. Smart and Alan P. Morris / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 75-98, 16 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2019-7 --- Fault zone architecture and its scaling laws: where does the damage zone start and stop? / A. Torabi, T. S. S. Ellingsen, M. U. Johannessen, B. Alaei, A. Rotevatn and D. Chiarella / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 99-124, 11 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-151 --- Fault fictions: systematic biases in the conceptualization of fault-zone architecture / Z. K. Shipton, J. J. Roberts, E. L. Comrie, Y. Kremer, R. J. Lunn and J. S. Caine / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 125-143, 16 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-161 --- Validation and analysis procedures for juxtaposition and membrane fault seals in oil and gas exploration / Titus A. Murray, William L. Power, Anthony J. Johnson, Greg J. Christie and David R. Richards / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 145-161, 11 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-171 --- Stochastic modelling of fault gouge zones: implications for fault seal analysis / Neil T. Grant / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 163-197, 24 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-135 --- Efficient handling of fault properties using the Juxtaposition Table Method / Tor Anders Knai and Guillaume Lescoffit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 199-207, 23 March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-192 --- A knowledge database of hanging-wall traps that are dependent on fault-rock seal / Peter G. Bretan, Graham Yielding and Einar Sverdrup / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 209-222, 27 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-157 --- Subsurface observations of deformation bands and their impact on hydrocarbon production within the Holstein Field, Gulf of Mexico, USA / Scott J. Wilkins, Russell K. Davies and Steve J. Naruk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 223-252, 11 October 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-2018-139 --- Enhancing trap and fault seal analyses by integrating observations from HR3D seismic data with well logs and conventional 3D seismic data, Texas inner shelf / Johnathon L. Osmond and Timothy A. Meckel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 496, 253-279, 19 December 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP496-201

Note: 1.1. The Early History of Glass; 1.2. Glass and Science; 1.3. The Discovery of Natural Melts; 1.4. The Physical Chemistry of Melts; 1.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 2. Glass Versus Melt; 2.1. Relaxation; 2.2. Glass Transition; 2.3. Configurational Properties; 2.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 3. Glasses and Melts vs. Crystals; 3.1. Basics of Silicate Structure 3.2. Thermodynamic Properties3.3. Liquid-Like Character of Crystals; 3.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 4. Melt and Glass Structure -- Basic Concepts; 4.1. Bond Length, Bond Angle, and Bond Strength in Silicates; 4.2. Network-Formers; 4.3. Network-Modifying Cations and Linkage between Structural Units; 4.4. Bonding, Composition and Effects on Melt Properties; 4.5 Mixing, Order, and Disorder; 4.6. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 5. Silica -- A Deceitful Simplicity; 5.1. An Outstanding Oxide; 5.2. Physical Properties; 5.3. Structure of SiO2 Glass and Melt 5.4. Effects of Pressure and Temperature5.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 6. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems -- I. Physical Properties; 6.1. Phase Relationships; 6.2. Thermodynamics of Mixing; 6.3. Volume and Transport Properties; 6.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 7. Binary Metal Oxide-Silica Systems -- II. Structure; 7.1. Pseudocrystalline Models of Melt Structure; 7.2. Thermodynamic Modeling and Melt Structure; 7.3. Numerical Simulation of Melt Structure; 7.4. Structure from Direct Measurements; 7.5. Structure and Melt Properties; 7.6. Summary Remarks; References Chapter 8. Aluminosilicate Systems -- I. Physical Properties8.1. Phase Relationships; 8.2. Thermodynamics of Mixing; 8.3. Volume and Viscosity; 8.4. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 9. Aluminosilicate Systems -- II. Structure; 9.1. Binary Al2O3-Bearing Glasses and Melts; 9.2. Meta-Aluminosilicate Glasses and Melts (SiO2-M1/xAlO2); 9.3. Peralkaline Aluminosilicate Glasses and Melts; 9.4. Pressure and the Structure of Aluminosilicate Melts; 9.5. Structure and Properties of Aluminosilicate Melts; 9.6. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 10. Iron-bearing Melts -- I. Physical Properties 10.1 Ferrous and Ferric Iron10.2. Phase Equilibria; 10.3. Iron Redox Reactions; 10.4. Physical Properties; 10.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 11. Iron-bearing Melts -- II. Structure; 11.1. Ferric Iron; 11.2. Ferrous Iron; 11.3. Ferric and Ferrous Iron in Silicate Melts at High Temperature; 11.4. Iron in Silicate Melts and Glasses at High Pressure; 11.5. Summary Remarks; References; Chapter 12. The Titanium Anomalies; 12.1. Phase Relations and Glass Formation; 12.2. Physical Properties; 12.3. Structure of Titanosilicate Glasses and Melts; 12.4. High-Temperature Studies

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgement Gold Supporters Silver Supporters I Introduction Why OpenDroneMap? What You Can Do with OpenDroneMap The Key To Becoming a Successful User II Getting Started Installing The Software Hardware Requirements Installing on Windows Installing on macOS Installing on Linux Basic Commands and Troubleshooting Hello, WebODM! Processing Datasets Dataset Size File Requirements Process Tasks Output Results Share With Others Export To Another WebODM Manage Plugins Change The Look & Feel Create New Users Manage Permissions How Does WebODM Process Images? The Processing Pipeline Load Dataset Structure From Motion Multi View Stereo Meshing Texturing Georeferencing Digital Elevation Model Processing Orthophoto Processing Task Options in Depth build-overviews cameras crop debug dem-decimation dem-euclidean-map dem-gapfill-steps dem-resolution depthmap-resolution dsm dtm end-with fast-orthophoto gcp help ignore-gsd matcher-distance matcher-neighbors max-concurrency merge mesh-octree-depth mesh-point-weight mesh-samples mesh-size min-num-features mve-confidence opensfm-depthmap-method opensfm-depthmap-min-patch-sd orthophoto-bigtiff orthophoto-compression orthophoto-cutline orthophoto-no-tiled orthophoto-resolution pc-classify pc-csv pc-ept pc-filter pc-las rerun rerun-all rerun-from resize-to skip-3dmodel sm-cluster smrf-scalar smrf-slope smrf-threshold smrf-window split split-overlap texturing-data-term texturing-keep-unseen-faces texturing-nadir-weight texturing-outlier-removal-type texturing-skip-global-seam-leveling texturing-skip-hole-filling texturing-skip-local-seam-leveling texturing-skip-visibility-test texturing-tone-mapping time use-3dmesh use-exif use-fixed-camera-params use-hybrid-bundle-adjustment use-opensfm-dense verbose version Ground Control Points Creating a GCP file using POSM GCPi Using GCP files How GCP files work Flying Tips Fly Higher Fly on Overcast Days Fly Between 10am and 2pm Fly at Different Elevations and Capture Multiple Angles Fly on Calm Days Increase Overlap Set Drone to Hover While Taking Images Check Camera Settings III Advanced Usages The Command Line Command Line Basics Using ODM Processed Files Owned By Root Add New Processing Nodes to WebODM Batch Geotagging of Images Using Exiftool Further Readings Docker Essentials Docker Basics Managing Containers Managing Images Managing Volumes Docker-Compose Basics Managing Disk Space Changing Entrypoint Assigning Names To Containers Jumping Into Existing Containers Making Changes Without Rebuilding Images Camera Calibration Option 1: Use an Existing Camera Model Option 2: Generate a Camera Model From a Calibration Target Taking Pictures of a Calibration Target Extracting a Camera Profile Manually Writing a cameras.json File Bonus: Checking Your LCP File by Manually Removing Geometric Distortion Processing Large Datasets Split-Merge Options Local Split-Merge Distributed Split-Merge Using Image Groups and GCPs Limitations The NodeODM API Launching a NodeODM Instance NodeODM Configuration Using the API with cURL Remove a Task API Specification Automated Processing With Python Getting Started Example 1: Hello NodeODM Example 2: Process Datasets Concluding Remarks API Reference Glossary About the Author

Note: Table of Contents Alpine—Himalayan Orogens Pyrenees Maurice Mattauer and Jacques Henry Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 3-21, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.01 Betic Cordilleras Harmanus Engbertus Rondeel and Otto Jan Simon Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 23-35, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.02 Moroccan Rif Georges Choubert and Anne Faure-Muret Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 37-46, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.03 Eastern Atlas André Caire Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 47-59, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.04 Northern Apennines Giuliano Sestini Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 61-84, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.05 Central Alps and Jura Mountains Daniel Bernoulli, Hans Peter Laubscher, Rudolf Trümpy and Eduard Wenk Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 85-108, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.06 Eastern Alps Ernest Ronald Oxburgh Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 109-126, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.07 Carpathian Mountains Krzysztof Birkenmajer Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 127-157, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.08 Hellenides Alan Gilbert Smith and Eldridge Morton Moores Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 159-185, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.09 Eastern Turkey Emin Ilhan Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 187-197, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.10 Southern Iran: Zagros Mountains Norman Leslie Falcon Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 199-211, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.11 Northern Iran: Alborz Mountains Jovan Stöcklin Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 213-234, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.12 Afghanistan-West Pakistan John Bicknell Auden Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 235-253, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.13 Karakorum Mountains Ardito Desio Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 255-266, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.14 Himalaya Augusto Gansser Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 267-278, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.15 Indoburman Ranges Rudolf Oskar Brunnschweiler Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 279-299, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.16 Peninsular Thailand Cedric Keith Burton Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 301-315, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.17 Sumatra John A Katili Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 317-331, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.18 Borneo Neville Seymour Haile Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 333-347, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.19 Banda Arcs Michael Geoffrey Audley-Charles Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 349-363, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.20 Sulawesi Michael Geoffrey Audley-Charles Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 365-378, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.21 Circum-Pacific and Caribbean Orogens Macquarie-Balleny Ridge Colin Peter Summerhayes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 381-386, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.22 New Zealand George William Grindley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 387-416, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.23 Tonga-Kermadec-Lau M. P. Hochstein, J. C. Schofield and G. G. Shor Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 417-423, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.24 Fiji Peter Rodda Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 425-431, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.25 New Hebrides Arthur James Warden and Andrew Harry Gordon Mitchell Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 433-443, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.26 New Caledonia J. H. Guillon Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 445-452, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.27 Solomon Islands Patrick Joseph Coleman and Brian Douglas Hackman Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 453-461, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.28 East New Guinea John Milsom Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 463-474, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.29 West Irian Jacobus Jan Hermes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 475-490, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.30 Philippine Archipelago Rupert William Roye Rutland and Malcolm Ross Walter Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 491-500, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.31 Taiwan Chingchang Biq Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 501-511, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.32 Southwest Japan Tatsuro Matsumoto and Toshio Kimura Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 513-541, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.33 Northeast Japan Tokihiko Matsuda and Nobu Kitamura Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 543-552, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.34 Aleutian Arc Ernest Hartwell Lathram Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 553-561, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.35 Alaska Ernest H. Lathram, Arthur Grantz, David F. Barnes, David A. Brew, A. T. Ovenshine, George Plafker, Robert L. Detterman, Helen L. Foster, Michael Churkin, William W. Patton, Joseph M. Hoare, Irvin L. Tailleur, William P. Brosgé, Thomas P. Miller and C. L. Sainsbury Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 563-589, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.36 Western Canada J. O. Wheeler, H. A. K. Charlesworth, J. W. H. Monger, J. E. Muller, R. A. Price, J. E. Reesor, J. A. Roddick and P. S. Simony Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 591-623, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.37 Cuba Peter Humphrey Mattson Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 625-638, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.38 Puerto Rico—Virgin Islands Peter Humphrey Mattson Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 639-661, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.39 Lesser Antilles John Frederick Tomblin Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 663-670, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.40 Trinidad John Baverstock Saunders Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 4, 671-682, 1 January 1974, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.004.01.41 Venezuelan Coast Ranges John Sebastian Bell Geologi

Note: Contents Chapter 1 Introdution Chapter 2 Origins Building a Planet, Shaping the Oceans Water, Salt, and Circulation Life, Oxygen, and Carbon Chapter 3 Controls On change Orbital and Solar Changes Greenhouse Gases Plate Tectonics Impacts Chapter 4 Snowball earth and the explosions of life Into the Freezer Out of the Freezer, Into a Greenhouse A Tale of Two Explosions Reverberations Chapter 5 Oceans On acid About Acidification Acidification in Action Chapter 6 The age of reptiles Choking Oceans Salty Giants Chapter 7 Winter is coming Reconstructing Sea-Level Change The Great Northern Ice Ages Ocean Controls on CO2 A Seesaw in the Ocean Chapter 8 Future Oceans and climate Our Carbon Emissions Consequences Epilogue Acknowledgments Bibliography Index

Note: Table of Contents Japan The Shimanto Belt of Japan: Cretaceous-lower Miocene active-margin sedimentation A. Taira, H. Okada,J. H. Whitaker, and A. J. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.01 Sedimentation across the Japan Trench off northern Honshu Island Roland von Huene and Michael A. Arthur https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.02 Tectonics of some forearc fold belts in and around the arc-arc crossing area in central Japan Yujiro Ogawa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.03 Forearc geological structure of the Japanese Islands Tsunemasa Shiki and Yoshibumi Misawa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.04 Central America Facies belts of the Middle America Trench and forearc region, southern Mexico: results from Leg 66 DSDP J. Casey Moore, Joel S. Watkins, Kenneth J. McMillen, Stephen B. Bachman, Jeremy K. Leggett, Neil Lundberg, Thomas H. Shipley, Jean-Francois Stephan, Floyd W. Beghtel, Arif Butt, Borys M. Didyk, Nobuaki Niitsuma, Les E. Shephard, and Herbert Stradner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.05 Tectonic processes along the Middle America Trench inner slope Thomas H. Shipley, John W. Ladd, Richard T. Buffler, and Joel S. Watkins https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.06 Sedimentation in different tectonic environments of the Middle America Trench, southern Mexico and Guatemala Kenneth J. McMillen, Robert H. Enkeboll, J. Casey Moore, Thomas H. Shipley, and John W. Ladd https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.07 A summary of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 67 shipboard results from the Mid-America Trench transect off Guatemala Roland von Huene, Jean Aubouin, Jacques Azema, Grant Blackinton, Jerry A. Carter, William T. Coulbourn, Darrel S. Cowan, Joseph A. Curiale, Carlos A. Dengo, Richard W. Faas, William Harrison, Reinhard Hesse, Donald M. Hussong, John W. Ladd, … View all authors https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.08 Evolution of the slope landward of the Middle America Trench, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica Neil Lundberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.9 South America Cenozoic structure, stratigraphy and tectonics of the central Peru forearc L. D. Kulm, T. M. Thornburg, and H.-J. Schrader J. M. Resig https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.10 Forearc and other basins, continental margin of northern and southern Peru and adjacent Ecuador and Chile R. Moberly, G. L. Shepherd, and W. T. Coulbourn https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.11 The geology of the western part of the Borbón Basin, North-west Ecuador C. D. R. Evans and J. E. Whittaker https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.12 Aleutians Ancient plate boundaries in the Bering Sea region M. S. Marlow, A. K. Cooper, D. W. Scholl, and H. McLean https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.13 The Chugach Terrane, a Cretaceous trench-fill deposit, southern Alaska Tor H. Nilsen and Gian G. Zuffa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.14 Structural evolution of coherent terranes in the Ghost Rocks Formation, Kodiak Island, Alaska Tim Byrne https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.15 Asia and Australasia Sedimentation in the Sunda Trench and forearc region Gregory F. Moore, Joseph R. Curray, and Frans J. Emmel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.16 Development of the North Island Subduction System, New Zealand Gerrit J. van der Lingen https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.17 Atlantic The Barbados Ridge Complex: tectonics of a mature forearc system G. K. Westbrook https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.18 Sedimentology and structure of the Scotland Group, Barbados C. J. Pudsey and H. G. Reading https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.19 Subduction and tectonics on the continental margin off northern Spain: observations with the submersible Cyana Jacques-André Malod, Gilbert Boillot, Claude Lepvier, Georges Mascle, and Josette Taugourdeau-Lantz Raymond Capdevila, Pierre-Alain Dupeuble, and Carla Müller https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.20 Mediterranean Subduction in the Hellenic Trench: probable role of a thick evaporitic layer based on Seabeam and submersible studies X. Le Pichon, P. Huchon, J. Angelier, N. Lybéris, J. Boulin, and D. Bureau J.P. Cadet, J. Dercourt, G. Glaçon, H. Got, D. Karig, J. Mascle, L.E. Ricou, and F. Thiebault https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.21 Detailed tectonic trends on the central part of the Hellenic Outer Ridge and in the Hellenic Trench System N. H. Kenyon, R. H. Belderson, and A. H. Stride https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.22 The structure of the Calabro-Sicilian Arc: result of a post-orogenic intra-plate deformation Forese Carlo Wezel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.23 Makran of Iran and Pakistan Deformation of the Makran accretionary sediment prism in the Gulf of Oman (north-west Indian Ocean) Robert S. White https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.24 The Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic history of western Baluchistan Pakistan—the northern margin of the Makran subduction complex Russell S. Arthurton, Abul Farah, and Wahiduddin Ahmed https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.25 The Makran, Southeastern Iran: the anatomy of a convergent plate margin active from Cretaceous to Present G. J. H. McCall and R. G. W. Kidd https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.26 California The Coastal Belt of the Franciscan: youngest phase of northern California subduction Steven B. Bachman https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.27 The Franciscan Complex of northernmost California: sedimentation and tectonics K. R. Aalto https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.28 Sedimentation, metamorphism and tectonic accretion of the Franciscan assemblage of northern California M. C. Blake, Jr, A. S. Jayko, and D. G. Howell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.29 Deformation of partly dewatered and consolidated Franciscan sediments near Piedras Blancas Point, California Darrel S. Cowan https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.30 Initiation and evolution of the Great Valley forearc basin of northern and central California, U.S.A. Raymond V. Ingersoll https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.31 Forearc Terranes in Orogenic Belts Cretaceous-Palaeogene Flysch Zone of the East Alps and Carpathians: identification and plate-tectonic significance of ‘dormant’ and ‘active’ deep-sea trenches in the Alpine-Carpathian Arc Reinhard Hesse https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.32 The anatomy of a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary forearc: the Southern Uplands of Scotland J. K. Leggett W. S. McKerrow and D. M. Casey https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.33 Sedimentology, volcanism, structure and metamorphism of the northern margin of a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary complex; Bail Hill-Abington area of the Southern Uplands of Scotland Barry C. Hepworth, Grahame J. H. Oliver, and Michael J. McMurtry https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.34 Facies, Petrology and Models Sedimentary facies associations within subduction complexes Michael B. Underwood and Steven B. Bachman https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.35 Composition of modern deep-sea sands from arc-related basins J. Barry Maynard, Renzo Valloni, and Ho-Shing Yu https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.36 Initiation of subduction zones: implications for arc evolution and ophiolite development D. E. Karig https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.37

Note: 1. Einleitung 2. Die Beobachtungen des Mondes 2.1. Entfernungsmessungen zum Mond 2.2. Der astronomische Anschluß des Mondes 3. Die Beobachtungen der Radiosterne 3.1. Interferometrische Beobachtungen eines Quasars 3.2. Der astronomische Anschluß eines Quasars 4. Koordinatensysteme 5. Die Fehlergleichungen für Entfernungsmessungen zum Mond an einer Station 5.1. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und den Mond 5.2. Räumliche Polarkoordinaten für die Station und Rektaszension und Deklination als Koordinaten für den Mond 5.3. Räumliche Polarkoordinaten für die Station und ekliptikale Länge und Breite als Koordinaten für den Mond 5.4. Räumliche Polarkoordinaten für die Station und Bahnelemente in bezug auf die Ekliptik für den Mond 5.5. Räumliche Polarkoordinaten für die Station und Bahnelemente in bezug auf den Äquator für den Mond 6. Die Fehlergleichungen für simultane Entfernungsmessungen zum Mond an zwei Stationen 6.1. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und den Mond 6.2. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und Rektaszension und Deklination als Koordinaten für den Mond 6.3. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und ekliptikale Länge und Breite als Koordinaten für den Mond 6.4. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und Bahnelemente in bezug auf die Ekliptik für den Mond 7. Die Fehlergleichungen für simultane Entfernungsmessungen zum Mond an zwei Stationen bei astronomischem Anschluß des Mondes 7.1. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und Rektaszension und Deklination als Koordinaten für den Mond 7.2. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und ekliptikale Länge und Breite als Koordinaten für den Mond 7.3. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und Bahnelemente in bezug auf die Ekliptik für den Mond 8. Die Fehlergleichungen für radiointerferometrisohe Beobachtungen der Laufzeitdifferenz 8.1 . Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und Rektaszension und Deklination als Koordinaten für den Quasar 9. Die Fehlergleichungen für radiointerferometrische Beobachtungen der Streifenfrequenz 9.1. Rechtwinklige kartesische Koordinaten für die Station und Rektaszension und Deklination als Koordinaten für den Quasar 10. Interferometrische Beobachtungen künstlicher Erdsatelliten und künstlicher Radioquellen auf dem Mond Literatur

Note: Schroeder, E.: Probleme tektonischer Untersuchungen im Orogen, speziell in den Varisziden Ažgirej, G.D.: Geosynklinalfaltung (Die Entstehung der Hauptfaltentypen) Schwan, W.: Zur Ableitung der Großtektonik eines Gebirges aus leitenden Strukturen seiner Kleintektonik. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer geotektonischen Arbeitsmethode Paech, H.-J.: Zur Grenze zwischen Flysch und Molasse im variszischen Orogen Mitteleuropas Lutzens, H.: Zum Baustil des Unter- und Mittelharzes auf der Grundlage neuer stratigraphisch-fazieller Untersuchungen Neumann, W.: Zum Stockwerkbau im Bereich der "Mitteldeutschen Kristallinzone" (speziell im Ruhlaer Kristallin) Holubec, J.: Assyntische Strukturen im Barrandium der Böhmischen Masse Beneš, K.: Zur Gefügeanalyse von Plutonen der Böhmischen Masse Oberc, J.: Einige Grundfragen der Varisziden Südpolens Schönenberg, R.: Zur Frage der Verbindung von Sudetikum und ostalpinem Variezikum Mahel, M.: Grundfragen der Beziehungen von Lithofazies und Tektonik im alpinen Orogen Balogh, K.; Barabás, A.; Majoros, G.: Der heutige Stand der Kenntnis des Karbons und Perms in Ungarn Brinkmann, R.: Geologische Beziehungen zwischen dem schwarzen Meer und Anatolien Senčenko, G.S.: Faltungsmorphologie der verschiedenen Strukturformationszonen des Südurals Kamaletdinov, M.A.; Kazanceva, T.T.: Über allochthone Ophiolithe im Ural Matveevskaja, A.L.: Einige Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Entwicklung von Geosynklinalgebieten am Beispiel variszischer Strukturen in Südsibirien Cloos, E.: Über Appalachentektonik und Kontinentalrand. Eine vorläufige Skizze

Note: Vorwort Zusammenfassung 1. Einleitung 2. Konstruktionsprinzip des mechanischen Empfängers 3. Theorie des mechanischen Empfängers mit schräggestelltem Gehänge 3.1. Kinematik 3.2. Dynamik 3.3. Das Moment der konservativen Kräfte 3.4. Die Neigungswinkel der Blattfedern 3.5. Die Differentialgleichung des mechanischen Empfängers bei elektronischer Rückkopplung 3.6. Die stabilisierende Wirkung der Rückkopplung 3.7. Die Kompensation von Gleichgewichtsstörungen 4. Das Magnetsystem 4.1. Berechnung des Magnetsystems 4.2. Prüfung des Magnetsystems 5. Die Schraubenfeder 5.1. Berechnung der Schraubenfeder 5.2. Prüfung der Schraubenfeder 6. Prüfung des mechanischen Empfängers 6.1. Das Gehänge 6.2. Einflüsse auf die Eigenperiode des mechanischen Empfängers 6.3. Schütteltischversuche 7. Zur Theorie der Rückkopplung 7.1. Der Einfluß eines stabilisierenden Tiefpasses 7.2. Die Hochpässe zur Erzeugung einer verrückungsproportionalen Charakteristik 7.3. Der Hochpaß zur Erzeugung einer geschwindigkeitsproportionalen Charakteristik 8. Forderungen an die elektronische Meßwerterfassung 9. Die Realisierung der elektronischen Meßwerterfassung 9.1. Das Prinzip der Signalwandlung 9.2. Der Aufbau des Wandlerbausteins 9.3. Linearisierung und f(Do) -Überprüfung 10. Die Signalaufbereitung im EDS 1 10.1. Signalfluß und Filterstruktur 10.2. Der Aufbau der Signalfilter 11. Die Einrichtungen zur Parameterstabilisierung und -korrektur 11.1. Die integrale Rückführung 11.2. Die automatische Korrektur größerer Nullpunktabweichungen 11.3. Die Korrektur von Eigenperiode und Gleichgewichtslage durch Handbetrieb 12. Einweisung in die Bedienung des EDS 1 13. Installation und Erprobung 14. Die Fernübertragungsendstelle 15. Applikation und Ausbau des EDS-1-Systems 16. Beispiele von EDS-1-Registrierungen Parameterübersicht Formelzeichenzusammenstellung Literatur

Note: Zusammenfassungen Vorbemerkung 1. Begriffs- und Problembestimmung 2. Naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Fernerkundung 2.1. Elektromagnetisches Spektrum, atmosphärische Fenster und Strahlungsbilanz der Erde 2.2. Zum Einfluß gasförmiger, flüssiger und fester Substanzen auf die Ausbreitung elektromagnetischer Wellen 2.3. Zur Ausbreitung elektromagnetischer Wellen im sichtbaren und IR-Bereich des Spektrums 2.2.2. Zur Ausbreitung von Mikrowellen 3. Technische Grundlagen sowie Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Fernerkundung 3.1. Fernerkundungssensoren 3.1.1. Generelle Bemerkungen zum Auflösungsvermögen von Fernerkundungssensoren 3.1.2. Passive Sensoren 3.1.2.1. Fotografische Fernerkundungssysteme 3.1.2.2. Hochauflösende Scannersysteme für Erd- und Erdressourcenbeobachtungen 3.1.2.3. Passive Sensoren für Fernbeobachtungen der Atmosphäre, Ozeane und großräumiger Umweltphänomene 3.1.3. Aktive Sensoren 3.1.3,1. Radarsensoren mit realer Apertur 3.1.3.2. Radarsensoren mit synthetischer Apertur 3.2. Bodensysteme für den Empfang, die Vorverarbeitung und die Verteilung von Satellitendaten 3.3. Nutzerzentren für die Interpretation von Fernerkundungsdaten 4. Grundlagen und Methodik der Aufbereitung und Interpretation von Fernerkundungsdaten 4.1. Generelle Bemerkungen 4.2. Grundlagen der visuellen Interpretation und Methoden der analogen fotografisch-optischen Bildbearbeitung 4.3. Methoden der digitalen Datenbearbeitung 4.3.1. Generelle Übersicht 4.3.2. Zur automatischen Klassifizierung und Hauptachsentransformation multispektraler Bilddaten 4.3.3. Zur Flächenbestimmung mit Hilfe klassifizierter digitaler Bilddaten 4.4. Methoden der Datensammlung, Interpretation und Verifikation 4.4.1. Sammlung von Daten in verschiedenen Niveaus und ihre gemeinsame Auswertung 4.4.2. Methodik der Sammlung und Nutzung unabhängiger Bodeninformationen 4.4.3. Zur Abgrenzung homogener Merkmalsschichten in Fernerkundungsaufnahmen 4.4.4. Konstruktion eines Flächenrahmens für die Datensammlung 4.4.5. Agro-meteorologische Methode der Abschätzung von Ernteerträgen 4.4.6. Klassifizierung von Landbedeckung und -nutzung 4.4.7. Zur Feststellung und Überwachung von Umweltverunreinigungen 4.4.8. Geologische Interpretation von Fernerkundungsdaten 5. Voraussetzungen, Bedürfnisse, Nutzung und Organisation der Fernerkundung 5.1. Generelle Voraussetzungen und Bedürfnisse 5.2. Kosten-Nutzen-Betrachtungen in der Fernerkundung 5.3. Allgemeine Gesichtspunkte der Organisation von Fernerkundungsaktivitäten 6. Schlußfolgerungen Erläuterung von Abkürzungen Literatur

Note: Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I Overview of Satellite Datasets -- Chapter 1 A Tour of Current Satellite Missions and Products -- 1.1 History of Computational Scientific Visualization -- 1.2 Brief Catalog of Current Satellite Products -- 1.2.1 Meteorological and Atmospheric Science -- 1.2.2 Hydrology -- 1.2.3 Oceanography and Biogeosciences -- 1.2.4 Cryosphere -- 1.3 The Flow of Data from Satellites to Computer -- 1.4 Learning Using Real Data and Case Studies -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Overview of Python -- 2.1 Why Python? -- 2.2 Useful Packages for Remote Sensing Visualization -- 2.2.1 NumPy -- 2.2.2 Pandas -- 2.2.3 Matplotlib -- 2.2.4 netCDF4 and h5py -- 2.2.5 Cartopy -- 2.3 Maturing Packages -- 2.3.1 xarray -- 2.3.2 Dask -- 2.3.3 Iris -- 2.3.4 MetPy -- 2.3.5 cfgrib and eccodes -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 A Deep Dive into Scientific Data Sets -- 3.1 Storage -- 3.1.1 Single Values -- 3.1.2 Arrays -- 3.2 Data Formats -- 3.2.1 Binary -- 3.2.2 Text -- 3.2.3 Self-Describing Data Formats -- 3.2.4 Table-Driven Formats -- 3.2.5 geoTIFF -- 3.3 Data Usage -- 3.3.1 Processing Levels -- 3.3.2 Product Maturity -- 3.3.3 Quality Control -- 3.3.4 Data Latency -- 3.3.5 Reprocessing -- 3.4 Summary -- References -- Part II Practical Python Tutorials for Remote Sensing -- Chapter 4 Practical Python Syntax -- 4.1 "Hello Earth" in Python -- 4.2 Variable Assignment and Arithmetic -- 4.3 Lists -- 4.4 Importing Packages -- 4.5 Array and Matrix Operations -- 4.6 Time Series Data -- 4.7 Loops -- 4.8 List Comprehensions -- 4.9 Functions -- 4.10 Dictionaries -- 4.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Importing Standard Earth Science Datasets -- 5.1 Text -- 5.2 NetCDF -- 5.2.1 Manually Creating a Mask Variable Using True and False Values. -- 5.2.2 Using NumPy Masked Arrays to Filter Automatically -- 5.3 HDF -- 5.4 GRIB2 -- 5.5 Importing Data Using Xarray -- 5.5.1 netCDF -- 5.5.2 Examining Vertical Cross Sections -- 5.5.3 Examining Horizontal Cross Sections -- 5.5.4 GRIB2 using Cfgrib -- 5.5.5 Accessing Datasets Using OpenDAP -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Plotting and Graphs for All -- 6.1 Univariate Plots -- 6.1.1 Histograms -- 6.1.2 Barplots -- 6.2 Two Variable Plots -- 6.2.1 Converting Data to a Time Series -- 6.2.2 Useful Plot Customizations -- 6.2.3 Scatter Plots -- 6.2.4 Line Plots -- 6.2.5 Adding Data to an Existing Plot -- 6.2.6 Plotting Two Side-by-Side Plots -- 6.2.7 Skew-T Log-P -- 6.3 Three Variable Plots -- 6.3.1 Filled Contour Plots -- 6.3.2 Mesh Plots -- 6.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Creating Effective and Functional Maps -- 7.1 Cartographic Projections -- 7.1.1 Geographic Coordinate Systems -- 7.1.2 Choosing a Projection -- 7.1.3 Some Common Projections -- 7.2 Cylindrical Maps -- 7.2.1 Global Plots -- 7.2.2 Changing Projections -- 7.2.3 Regional Plots -- 7.2.4 Swath Data -- 7.2.5 Quality Flag Filtering -- 7.3 Polar Stereographic Maps -- 7.4 Geostationary Maps -- 7.5 Creating Maps from Datasets Using OpenDAP -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Gridding Operations -- 8.1 Regular One-Dimensional Grids -- 8.2 Regular Two-Dimensional Grids -- 8.3 Irregular Two-Dimensional Grids -- 8.3.1 Resizing -- 8.3.2 Regridding -- 8.3.3 Resampling -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Meaningful Visuals through Data Combination -- 9.1 Spectral and Spatial Characteristics of Different Sensors -- 9.2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) -- 9.3 Window Channels -- 9.4 RGB -- 9.4.1 True Color -- 9.4.2 Dust RGB -- 9.4.3. Fire/Natural RGB -- 9.5 Matching with Surface Observations -- 9.5.1 With User-Defined Functions -- 9.5.2 With Machine Learning. -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Exporting with Ease -- 10.1 Figures -- 10.2 Text Files -- 10.3 Pickling -- 10.4 NumPy Binary Files -- 10.5 NetCDF -- 10.5.1 Using netCDF4 to Create netCDF Files -- 10.5.2 Using Xarray to Create netCDF Files -- 10.5.3 Following Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions -- 10.6 Summary -- Part III Effective Coding Practices -- Chapter 11 Developing a Workflow -- 11.1 Scripting with Python -- 11.1.1 Creating Scripts Using Text Editors -- 11.1.2 Creating Scripts from Jupyter Notebook -- 11.1.3 Running Python Scripts from the Command Line -- 11.1.4 Handling Output When Scripting -- 11.2 Version Control -- 11.2.1 Code Sharing though Online Repositories -- 11.2.2 Setting up on GitHub -- 11.3 Virtual Environments -- 11.3.1 Creating an Environment -- 11.3.2 Changing Environments from the Command Line -- 11.3.3 Changing Environments in Jupyter Notebook -- 11.4 Methods for Code Development -- 11.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12 Reproducible and Shareable Science -- 12.1 Clean Coding Techniques -- 12.1.1 Stylistic Conventions -- 12.1.2 Tools for Clean Code -- 12.2 Documentation -- 12.2.1 Comments and Docstrings -- 12.2.2 README File -- 12.2.3 Creating Useful Commit Messages -- 12.3 Licensing -- 12.4 Effective Visuals -- 12.4.1 Make a Statement -- 12.4.2 Undergo Revision -- 12.4.3 Are Accessible and Ethical -- 12.5 Summary -- References -- Conclusion -- Appendix A Installing Python -- A.1. Download Tutorials for This Book -- A.2. Download and Install Anaconda -- A.3. Package Management in Anaconda -- Appendix B Jupyter Notebook -- B.1. Running on a Local Machine (New Coders) -- B.2. Running on a Remote Server (Advanced) -- B.3. Tips for Advanced Users -- B.3.1. Customizing Notebooks with Configuration Files -- B.3.2. Starting and Ending Python Scripts -- B.3.3. Creating Git Commit Templates. -- Appendix C Additional Learning Resources -- Appendix D Tools -- D.1. Text Editors and IDEs -- D.2. Terminals -- Appendix E Finding, Accessing, and Downloading Satellite Datasets -- E.1. Ordering Data from NASA EarthData -- E.2. Ordering Data from NOAA/CLASS -- Appendix F Acronyms -- Index -- EULA.

Note: Contents Part I Arctic Climate and Greenland 1 Arctic Climate Change, Variability, and Extremes / John E. Walsh 2 Precipitation Characteristics and Changes / Hengchun Ye, Daqing Yang, Ali Behrangi, Svetlana L. Stuefer, Xicai Pan, Eva Mekis, Yonas Dibike, and John E. Walsh 3 Snow Cover - Observations, Processes, Changes, and Impacts on Northern Hydrology / Ross Brown, Philip Marsh, Stephen Déry, and Daqing Yang 4 Evaporation Processes and Changes Over the Northern Regions / Yinsheng Zhang, Ning Ma, Hotaek Park, John E. Walsh, and Ke Zhang 5 Greenland Ice Sheet and Arctic Mountain Glaciers / Sebastian H. Mernild, Glen E. Liston, and Daqing Yang Part II Hydrology and Biogeochemistry 6 Regional and Basin Streamflow Regimes and Changes: Climate Impact and Human Effect / Michael Rawlins, Daqing Yang, and Shaoqing Ge 7 Hydrologic Extremes in Arctic Rivers and Regions: Historical Variability and Future Perspectives / Rajesh R. Shrestha, Katrina E. Bennett, Daniel L. Peters, and Daqing Yang 8 Overview of Environmental Flows in Permafrost Regions / Daniel L, Peters, Donald J. Baird, Joseph Culp, Jennifer Lento, Wendy A. Monk, and Rajesh R. Shrestha 9 Yukon River Discharge Response to Seasonal Snow Cover Change / Daqing Yang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Richard Armstrong, Mary J. Brodzik, and David Robinson 10 Arctic River Water Temperatures and Thermal Regimes / Daqing Yang, Hoteak Park, Amber Peterson, and Baozhong Liu 11 Changing Biogeochemical Cycles of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Trace Elements in Arctic Rivers / Jonathan O'Donnell, Thomas Douglas, Amanda Barker, and Laodong Guo 12 Arctic Wetlands and Lakes-Dynamics and Linkages / Kathy L. Young, Laura Brown, and Yonas Dibike 13 River Ice Processes and Changes Across the Northern Regions / Daqing Yang, Hotaek Park, Terry Prowse, Alexander Shiklomanov, and Ellie McLeod Part III Permafrost and Frozen Ground 14 Permafrost Features and Talik Geometry in Hydrologic System / Kenji Yoshikawa and Douglas L. Kane 15 Ground Temperature and Active Layer Regimes and Changes / Lin Zhao, Cangwei Xie, Daqing Yang, and Tingjun Zhang 16 Permafrost Hydrology: Linkages and Feedbacks / Tetsuya Hiyama, Daqing Yang, and Douglas L. Kane 17 Permafrost Hydrogeology / Barret L. Kurylyk and Michelle A. Walvoord Part IV Ecosystem Change and Impact 18 Greenhouse Gases and Energy Fluxes at Permafrost Zone / Masahito Ueyama, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Eugénie Euskirchen, Lutz Merbold, Takeshi Ohta, Takashi Machimura, Donatella Zona, Walter C. Oechel, and Edward A. G. Schuur 19 Spring Phenology of the Boreal Ecosystems / Nicolas Delbart 20 Diagnosing Environmental Controls on Vegetation Greening and Browning Trends Over Alaska and Northwest Canada Using Complementary Satellite Observations / Youngwook Kim, John S. Kimball, Nicholas Parazoo, and Peter Kirchner 21 Boreal Forest and Forest Fires / Yongwon Kim, Hideki Kobayashi, Shin Nagai, Masahito Ueyama, Bang-Yong Lee, and Rikie Suzuki 22 Northern Ecohydrology of Interior Alaska Subarctic / Jessica M. Young-Robertson, W. Robert Bolton, and Ryan Toohey 23 Yukon River Discharge-NDVI Relationship / Weixin Xu and Daqing Yang Part V Cross-System Linkage and Integration 24 River Freshwater Flux to the Arctic Ocean / Alexander Shiklomanov, Stephen Déry, Mikhail Tretiakov, Daqing Yang, Dmitry Magritsky, Alex Georgiadi, and Wenqing Tang 25 River Heat Flux into the Arctic Ocean / Daqing Yang, Shaoqing Ge, Hotaek Park, and Richard L. Lammers 26 Cold Region Hydrologic Models and Applications / Hotaek Park, Yonas Dibike, Fengge Su, and John Xiaogang Shi 27 Regional Climate Modeling in the Northern Regions / Zhenhua Li, Yanping Li, Daqing Yang, and Rajesh R. Shrestha 28 High-Resolution Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) Modeling and Projection Over Western Canada, Including Mackenzie Watershed / Yanping Li and Zhenhua Li 29 Responses of Boreal Forest Ecosystems and Permafrost to Climate Change and Disturbances: A Modeling Perspective / Shuhua Yi and Fengming Yuan 30 Future Trajectory of Arctic System Evolution / Kazuyuki Saito, John E. Walsh, Arvid Bring, Ross Brown, Alexander Shiklomanov, and Daqing Yang Correction to: Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost and Ecosystems / Daqing Yang, and Douglas L. Kane

Note: Contents Part I Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction and Physical Oceanography 1 Geostrophic and Wind-Driven Components of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current / Nikolay A. Diansky, Varvara V. Bagatinskaya, Anatoly V. Gusev, and Eugene G. Morozov 2 Multi-jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current / Roman Yu Tarakanov 3 Frontal Zone Between Relatively Warm and Cold Waters in the Northern Weddell Sea / Eugene G. Morozov, Viktor A. Krechik, Dmitry I. Frey, Alexander A. Polukhin, Vladimir A. Artemiev, Valentina V. Kasyan, Philipp V. Sapozhnikov, and Rinat Z. Mukhametianov 4 Water Masses, Currents, and Phytoplankton in the Bransfield Strait in January 2020 / Eugene G. Morozov, Dmitry I. Frey, Viktor A. Krechik, Alexander A. Polukhin, and Philipp V. Sapozhnikov 5 Intra-annual Variability of Water Structure in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean Based on the ECMWF ORA-S3 and OI SST Reanalysis / Yuri V. Artamonov, Elena A. Skripaleva, Alexander V. Fedirko, and Nikolay V. Nikolsky 6 The Circulation and Mixing Zone in the Antarctic Sound in February 2020 / Alexander V. Krek, Elena V. Krek, and Viktor A. Krechik 7 Rogue Waves in the Drake Passage: Unpredictable Hazard / Ekaterina G. Didenkulova, Tatiana G. Talipova, and Efim N. Pelinovsky 8 Water Mass Transformation in the Powell Basin / Alina A. Fedotova and Svetlana V. Stepanova 9 Interannual Variations of Water Mass Properties in the Central Basin of the Bransfield Strait / Alina A. Fedotova and Sergey V. Kashin 10 Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Concentration Analysis Based on the NOAA Long-Term Satellite and Sea-Truth Data in the Atlantic Antarctic / Viktor V. Zamshin and Vladislav A. Shliupikov Part II Chemical Oceanography, Seawater Optical Properties, Productivity and Microbial Processes 11 Hydrochemical Structure of Waters in the Northern Weddell Sea in Austral Summer 2020 / Svetlana V. Stepanova, Alexander A. Polukhin, Gennadii V. Borisenko, Anna L. Chultsova, Evgeniia N. Marina, Oleg S. Popov, Anna M. Seliverstova, Anna V. Vidnichuk, and Petr P. Tishchenko 12 Features and Processes of the Oxygen and pCO2 Dynamics in the Surface Waters in the Western Parts of the Weddell and Scotia Seas (Southern Ocean) / Natalia A. Orekhova, Anna V. Vidnichuk, and Sergey K. Konovalov 13 Earth’s Insolation and Spatiotemporal Variability of Albedo in the Antarctic / Anton A. Bukatov and Margarita V. Babiy 14 Quantitative and Productional Characteristics of Microplankton in the Powell Basin and Bransfield Strait in Summer / Nadezda D. Romanova, Sergey A. Mosharov, Olga V. Vorobieva, and Elena V. Bardyukova 15 Detection of Thermophilic Methanotrophic Microbial Communities in the Water Column of the Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) / Anna L. Ponomareva, Nikita S. Polonik, Aleksandra V. Kim, and Renat B. Shakirov 16 Spectral Bio-optical Properties of Waters in the Bransfield Strait and Powell Basin / Tanya Ya Churilova, Nataliia A. Moiseeva, Tatiana V. Efimova, Vladimir A. Artemiev, Elena Y. Skorokhod, and Anatoly S. Buchelnikov 17 Variability of Seawater Optical Properties in the Adjacent Water Basins of the Antarctic Peninsula in January and February 2020 / Alexandr A. Latushkin, Vladimir A. Artemiev, Anton V. Garmashov, Pavel A. Salyuk, Inna V. Sahling, and Dmitry I. Glukhovets 18 Bio-Optical Models for Estimating Euphotic Zone Depth in the Western Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic Summer / Pavel A. Salyuk, Vladimir A. Artemiev, Dmitry I. Glukhovets, Alexander N. Khrapko, Anatoly V. Grigoriev, Alexandr A. Latushkin, and Nadezda D. Romanova 19 Phycoerythrin Pigment Distribution in the Upper Water Layer Across the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone and Drake Passage / Pavel A. Salyuk, Dmitry I. Glukhovets, Alexander Yu. Mayor, Natalia A. Moiseeva, Vladimir A. Artemiev, and Alexander N. Khrapko 20 Nanophytoplankton in the Bransfield Strait: Contribution of Cryptophyta to the Community Abundance and Biomass During Austral Summer / Vladimir S. Mukhanov, Evgeny G. Sakhon, Aleksander A. Polukhin, and Vladimir A. Artemiev Part III Section Marine Ecosystems and Their Oceanographical Background 21 Phytopelagic Communities of the Powell Basin in the Summer of 2020 / Philipp V. Sapozhnikov, Olga Yu. Kalinina, and Tatiana V. Morozova 22 Bioluminescence in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean Based on the Field Observations and Sounding Data / Aleksandr V. Melnik, Viktor V. Melnikov, Lidiya A. Melnik, Olga V. Mashukova, and Sergei V. Kapranov 23 Parasites as an Inseparable Part of Antarctic and Subantarctic Marine Biodiversity / Tatyana A. Polyakova and Ilya I. Gordeev 24 Spatial Distribution, Species Composition, and Number of Seabirds in the Argentine Basin, Drake Passage, East of Antarctic Peninsula, and Powell Basin in January–March 2020 / Sergey P. Kharitonov, Alexander L. Mischenko, Nikolai B. Konyukhov, Alexander E. Dmitriyev, Andrey V. Tretyakov, Gleb Yu. Pilipenko, Svetlana M. Artemyeva, and Matvey S. Mamayev 25 Spatial Distribution, Species Composition, and Number of Marine Mammals in the Argentine Basin, Drake Passage, East of Antarctic Peninsula, and Powell Basin in January–March 2020 / Sergey P. Kharitonov, Andrey V. Tretyakov, Alexander L. Mischenko, Nikolai B. Konyukhov, Svetlana M. Artemyeva, Gleb Yu. Pilipenko, Matvey S. Mamayev, and Alexander E. Dmitriyev 26 Meat in the Ocean: How Much and Who Is to Blame? / Sergey P. Kharitonov, Andrey V. Tretyakov, and Alexander L. Mischenko 27 Macro- and Mesozooplankton in the Powell Basin (Antarctica): Species Composition and Distribution of Abundance and Biomass in February 2020 / Vladimir A. Yakovenko, Vassily A. Spiridonov, Konstantin M. Gorbatenko, Nickolai V. Shadrin, Ernest Z. Samyshev, and Natalia I. Minkina 28 Application of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Research of Ecosystems in the Southern Ocean / Alexander Yu. Konoplin, Alexey I. Borovik, Denis N. Mikhailov, Yuriy V. Vaulin, Alexander F. Scherbatyuk, Alexey A. Boreiko, Roman A. Babaev, Dmitriy A. Bolovin, and Dmitriy I. Tregubenko 29 Heavy Metals and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Region of the Antarctic Peninsula / Artem A. Paraskiv, Natalia Yu. Mirzoeva, Nataliya N. Tereshchenko, Vladislav Yu. Proskurnin, Ilya G. Sidorov, Svetlana I. Arkhipova, and Eugene G. Morozov

Note: Dittfeld, H.-J.: Results of an eight years' gravimetric earth tide registration series at Potsdam Elstner, C.; Harnisch, M.; Schwahn, W.: On the determination of the gravimetric Mf tide at Potsdam

Note: Vorwort Bankwitz, P.; Bankwitz, E.: Tektonische Fotointerpretation eines Sojus-22-Bildes (MKF-6) vom Südtjanshan-Pamir-Gebiet (UdSSR) Макаров, В.И.; Скобелев, С.Ф.; Трифонов, В.Г.; Флоренский, П.В.: Карта линеаменов территории СССР Bażyński, I.; Motyl-Rakowska, I. : Vorläufige Interpretation des Satellitenbildes "Meteor 25" für das Gebiet Polens Bankwitz, P.; Bankwitz, E.; Frischbutter, A.: Fototektonische Interpretation von Mitteleuropa nach Aufnahmen der sowjetischen Wettersatelliten Meteor 25 und 28 Krull, P.: Zum bruchtektonischen Bau des Territoriums der DDR und angrenzender Gebiete Feirer, K.; Viehweg, M.; Naumann, M.: Vorläufige Ergebnisse zur geologischen Interpretation der METEOR-Aufnahmen vom Territorium der DDR Хосбаяр, П.: О Южно-Монгольском полигоне Bankwitz, P.: Einige methodische Aspekte der Interpretation aerokosmischer Aufnahmen für bruchtektonische Analysen Söllner, R.: Anwendung der digitalen Bildfilterung zur Aufbereitung aerokosmischer Aufnahmen für die visuelle geologische Interpretation Weller, M.; Leiterer, U.; Söllner, R.: Erste Arbeiten zur Bestimmung der spektralen Eigenstrahlung der Atmosphäre in Zenitrichtung unter Verwendung der MKF-6-Aufnahmen Frey, L.; Krämer, I.: Informationen über Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von aerokosmischen Aufnahmen für die Herstellung von Kartengrundlagen der thematischen Kartographie Weichelt, H.: Probleme der Bildbearbeitung mit kohärentem Licht

Note: Contents About IFLA Preface / Susan Reilly Acknowledgements / Jessica Coates, Victoria Owen and Susan Reilly Part I: Copyright Basics 1 Foundations of Copyright / Tom Cochrane 2 Fundamentals of Modern Copyright / Jessica Coates Part II: User Rights and the Public Interest 3 With Respect to Rights – In the Public Interest / Victoria Owen 4 Why Libraries Need Limitations and Exceptions / Jonathan Band and Brandon Butler 5 Applications of Limitations and Exceptions in Higher Education in the European Union / David Meehan 6 The Public Domain and Libraries: History, Contexts, Threats and Opportunities / Lise Brin and Mark Swartz 7 Unintended Consequences of the Digital Shift / Christina de Castell 8 Rights Issues in the Digitization of Library Collections / Sara Benson 9 International Copyright Issues in Digital Preservation / Sara Klein and Jessica Whyte Part III: International Developments: the Case for Library Engagement 10 WIPO, Copyright and Libraries / Stephen Wyber 11 Success for People with Print Disabilities: The Marrakesh Treaty / Justus Dreyling and Teresa Hackett 12 A New Form of Contract: International Free Trade Agreements / Anubha Sinha 13 Copyright Education and Information Literacy / Chris Morrison and Jane Secker 14 Copyright Reform In South Africa from a Librarian’s Perspective: A Case Study Approach / Denise Rosemary Nicholson Part 4: Emerging Issues in Copyright 15 Taking Control of the Future: Towards Workable Elending / Rebecca Giblin and Kimberlee Weatherall 16 Creative Commons and Open Access in an Academic Library: Implementation, Tools, Policy and Education / Timothy Vollmer 17 Use of Filters by Online Intermediaries and the Rights of Users: Developments in the European Union, Mexico, India and China / Zoi Krokida 18 Navigating Respectful Practice to Support Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights in Australian Libraries / Kirsten Thorpe and Lauren Booker 19 User-Generated Content: Tensions Between Freedom of Expression and Copyright / Amalia Toledo and Sydney Mai-Yen Sheridan 20 Artificial Intelligence and Text and Data Mining: Future Rules for Libraries? / H. Andres Izquierdo Contributors

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to Our Coastal Atmosphere 1 Scope, Uniqueness, and Importance of Our Coastal Atmosphere 2 Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Evolution Part II Thermodynamics in Our Coastal Atmosphere 3 Energy Transfer and Electromagnetic Radiation 4 Temperature 5 Application of the Gas Laws in Meteorology 6 The Hydrostatic Equation and Adiabatic Processes 7 Atmospheric Moisture 8 Atmospheric Stability and Potential Temperature 9 Measuring and Estimating Atmospheric Stability 10 Using Thermodynamic Diagrams in Meteorology 11 Clouds 12 Precipitation Processes and Types Part III Dynamic Processes in Our Coastal Atmosphere 13 Pressure and Winds 14 Coriolis Effect 15 Effect of Friction 16 Centripetal Acceleration and the Gradient Wind 17 Gravitation 18 The Seven Basic Equations in Weather Forecasting Models 19 Comparison of Weather Forecasting Models and General Circulation Models 20 General Circulation of the Atmosphere Part IV Weather Systems in the Coastal Zone 21 Air Masses 22 Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms 23 Fronts and the Mid-Latitude Wave Cyclone 24 Thunderstorms 25 Lightning 26 Tornadoes and Waterspouts 27 Advising the Public About the Severe Weather Risk 28 Tropical Cyclones 29 Coastal Flooding 30 Coastal Drought 31 Winter Storms 32 Sea Ice and Weather Systems 33 Summary of Energy Transfer by Atmospheric and Oceanic Motion Part V Atmospheric Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Interaction 34 Introduction to Near-Surface Atmospheric Dynamics 35 The Logarithmic Wind Profile in Neutral Stability Conditions 36 Non-neutral or Diabatic Wind Profile 37 Introduction to the Transition (or Ekman) Layer 38 The Classical Solution to the Atmospheric Ekman Spiral 39 Fundamentals of Air-Sea Interactions 40 Weather Effects on the Coastal Ocean 41 Wind Stress and Turbulent Flux Drag Coefficients Over Water Part VI Air-Sea-Land Interaction 42 Surface Fluxes of Energy, Moisture, and Momentum 43 Sea and Land Breezes 44 Coastal Fog 45 Coastal Upwelling and Weather 46 Atmospheric Impacts on Lake Processes 47 Coastal Jets 48 Atmospheric Optical Effects in the Coastal Zone 49 Solar Radiation in Aquatic Systems Part VII Dispersion and Engineering Applications 50 Meteorology and Climatology of Coastal Cities 51 Atmospheric Dispersion in the Coastal Zone 52 Engineering Aspects of the Wind Profile Appendices References Index

Note: Contents Part I Fundamentals 1 Overview: Antecedents, Motivation and Necessity / Gabriel Cristóbal, Saúl Blanco, and Gloria Bueno 2 Diatom Classifications: What Purpose Do They Serve? / David M. Williams 3 Diatom Taxonomy and Identification Keys / Saúl Blanco 4 Naturally and Environmentally Driven Variations in Diatom Morphology: Implications for Diatom-Based Assessment of Water Quality / Adriana Olenici, C ̆alin Baciu, Saúl Blanco, and Soizic Morin Part II Sensing 5 Microscopic Modalities and Illumination Techniques / J. Piper and T. Piper 6 Light Filtering in Microscopy / J. Piper 7 Automatization Techniques. Slide Scanning / Carlos Sánchez, Jesús Ruiz-Santaquiteria Alegre, José Luis Espinosa Aranda, and Jesús Salido Part III Analysis 8 Segmentation Techniques / Gloria Bueno, Manuel G. Forero, Carlos A. Jacanamejoy, J. Alejandro Libreros, M. Milagro Fernandez-Carrobles, and Oscar Deniz 9 Diatom Feature Extraction and Classification / Noelia Vallez, Anibal Pedraza, Carlos Sánchez, Jesus Salido, Oscar Deniz, and Gloria Bueno 10 Multifocus and Multiexposure Techniques / Harbinder Singh, Gabriel Cristóbal, and Vinay Kumar 11 Stereoscopic Imaging of Diatoms in Light and Electron Microscopy / Robert Sturm 12 Geometric Morphometrics and the Shape of Microscopic Organisms / Ecaterina Fodor and Ovidiu Ioan Hâruta Part IV Applications 13 Water Quality Assessment / A. Goldenberg-Vilar, R. Álvarez-Troncoso, V. Roldán, and Saúl Blanco 14 Diatoms in Forensic Analysis / Eloy Girela-Lopez, Cristina M. Beltran-Aroca, and Herminia García-Mozo 15 Benthic Foraminifera and Diatoms as Ecological Indicators / Xavier Benito Glossary Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction / Ola M. Johannessen 2 Sea Ice in the Arctic Paleoenvironments / Leonid P. Bobylev and Martin W. Miles 3 Marginal Ice Zone and Ice-Air-Ocean Interactions / Ola M. Johannessen, Stein Sandven, Richard Davy, and Einar O. Olason 4 Changes in Arctic Sea Ice Cover in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries / Elena V. Shalina, Ola M. Johannessen, and Stein Sandven 5 Arctic Sea Ice Thickness and Volume Transformation / Elena V. Shalina, Kirill Khvorostovsky, and Stein Sandven 6 SAR Sea Ice Type Classification and Drift Retrieval in the Arctic / Natalia Y. Zakhvatkina, Denis Demchev, Stein Sandven, Vladimir A. Volkov, and Alexander S. Komarov 7 Sea Ice Drift in the Arctic / Vladimir A. Volkov, Alexandra Mushta, and Denis Demchev 8 Sea Ice Modelling / Matti Leppäranta, Valentin P. Meleshko, Petteri Uotila, and Tatiana Pavlova 9 Operational Forecasting of Sea Ice in the Arctic Using TOPAZ System / Laurent Bertino and Jiping Xie 10 Current and Projected Sea Ice in the Arctic in the Twenty-First Century / Valentin P. Meleshko, Tatiana Pavlova, Leonid P. Bobylev, and Pavel Golubkin 11 Climate Change Impact on the Arctic Economy / Lasse H. Pettersson, Anton G. Kjelaas, Dmitry V. Kovalevsky, and Klaus Hasselmann 12 Annex: SAR Sea Ice Interpretation Guide / Ola M. Johannessen Afterword / Ola M. Johannessen

Note: Contents Volume 1 1 The Climate System: Its Functioning and History / Sylvie Joussaume and Jean-Claude Duplessy 2 The Changing Face of the Earth Throughout the Ages / Frédéric Fluteau and Pierre Sepulchre 3 Introduction to Geochronology / Hervé Guillou 4 Carbon-14 / Martine Paterne, Élisabeth Michel, and Christine Hatté et Jean-Claude Dutay 5 The 40 K/ 40 Ar and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar Methods / Hervé Guillou, Sébastien Nomade, and Vincent Scao 6 Dating of Corals and Other Geological Samples via the Radioactive Disequilibrium of Uranium and Thorium Isotopes / Norbert Frank and Freya Hemsing 7 Magnetostratigraphy: From a Million to a Thousand Years / Carlo Laj, James E. T. Channell, and Catherine Kissel 8 Dendrochronology / Frédéric Guibal and Joël Guiot 9 The Dating of Ice-Core Archives / Frédéric Parrenin 10 Reconstructing the Physics and Circulation of the Atmosphere / Valérie Masson-Delmotte and Joël Guiot 11 Air-Ice Interface: Polar Ice / Valérie Masson-Delmotte and Jean Jouzel 12 Air-Vegetation Interface: Pollen / Joël Guiot 13 Ground-Air Interface: The Loess Sequences, Markers of Atmospheric Circulation / Denis-Didier Rousseau and Christine Hatté 14 Air-Ground Interface: Reconstruction of Paleoclimates Using Speleothems / Dominique Genty and Ana Moreno 15 Air-Interface: d18O Records of Past Meteoric Water Using Benthic Ostracods from Deep Lakes / Ulrich von Grafenstein and Inga Labuhn 16 Vegetation-Atmosphere Interface: Tree Rings / Joël Guiot and Valérie Daux 17 Air-Vegetation Interface: An Example of the Use of Historical Data on Grape Harvests / Valérie Daux 18 Air-Ground Interface: Sediment Tracers in Tropical Lakes / David Williamson 19 Air-water Interface: Tropical Lake Diatoms and Isotope Hydrology Modeling / Florence Sylvestre, Françoise Gasse, Françoise Vimeux, and Benjamin Quesada 20 Air-Ice Interface: Tropical Glaciers / Françoise Vimeux 21 Climate and the Evolution of the Ocean: The Paleoceanographic Data / Thibaut Caley, Natalia Vázquez Riveiros, Laurent Labeyrie, Elsa Cortijo, and Jean-Claude Duplessy Volume 2 22 Climate Evolution on the Geological Timescale and the Role of Paleogeographic Changes / Frédéric Fluteau and Pierre Sepulchre 23 Biogeochemical Cycles and Aerosols Over the Last Million Years / Nathaelle Bouttes, Laurent Bopp, Samuel Albani, Gilles Ramstein, Tristan Vadsaria, and Emilie Capron 24 The Cryosphere and Sea Level / Catherine Ritz, Vincent Peyaud, Claire Waelbroeck, and Florence Colleoni 25 Modeling and Paleoclimatology / Masa Kageyama and Didier Paillard 26 The Precambrian Climate / Yves Goddéris, Gilles Ramstein, and Guillaume Le Hir 27 The Phanerozoic Climate / Yves Goddéris, Yannick Donnadieu, and Alexandre Pohl 28 Climate and Astronomical Cycles / Didier Paillard 29 Rapid Climate Variability: Description and Mechanisms / Masa Kageyama, Didier M. Roche, Nathalie Combourieu Nebout, and Jorge Alvarez-Solas 30 An Introduction to the Holocene and Anthropic Disturbance / Pascale Braconnot and Pascal Yiou 31 From the Climates of the Past to the Climates of the Future / Sylvie Charbit, Nathaelle Bouttes, Aurélien Quiquet, Laurent Bopp, Gilles Ramstein, Jean-Louis Dufresne, and Julien Cattiaux

Note: Contents Sub-Basin Scale Heterogeneity in the Polymeric Composition of Floating Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea / Giuseppe Suaria, Carlo Giacomo Avio, Francesco Regoli and Stefano Aliani Floating Microplastics in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneities / Mel Constant, Philippe Kerherve, Jennifer Sola, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Miquel Canals and Serge Heussner Microplastic Abundance and Polymer Types in a Mediterranean Environment / Nikoletta Digka, Catherine Tsangaris, Helen Kaberi, Argyro Adamopoulou and Christina Zeri TARA Mediterranean Expedition: Assessing the Impact of Microplastics on Mediterranean Ecosystem / Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi, Fabien Lombard, François Galgani, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Maryvonne Henry, Amanda Elineau, Stéphanie Petit, María Luz Fernandez-de-Puelles, Stéphane Gasparini, Valentina Tirelli, Jean-Louis Jamet and Gabriel Gorsky Statistical Methodology for Identifying Microplastic Samples Collected During TARA Mediterranean Campaign / Mathilde Falcou-Préfol, Mikaël Kedzierski, Jonathan Villain, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Amanda Elineau, Maria Luiza Pedrotti and Stéphane Bruzaud Toward 3D Modeling the Plastic Marine Debris in the Mediterranean / Giovanni Coppini, Svitlana Liubartseva, Rita Lecci, Sergio Cretì, Giorgia Verri, Emanuela Clementi and Nadia Pinardi Assessment of Microplastics Marine Pollution from an Environmental NGO’s Point of View: The First Study About the Widespread Presence of Plastic Pellets Along the Italian Coast / Stefania Di Vito, Giorgio Zampetti, Maria Sighicelli, Serena Carpentieri and Loris Pietrelli Microplastics from Wastewater Treatment Plants—Preliminary Data / Ricardo Gouveia, Joana Antunes, Paula Sobral and Leonor Amaral Challenging the Microplastic Extraction from Sandy Sediments / Mikaël Kedzierski, Véronique Le Tilly, Patrick Bourseau, Hervé Bellegou, Guy César, Olivier Sire and Stéphane Bruzaud Are Our Synthetic Fabrics Released into the Marine Environment? Evidences on Microplastics Pollution in Wastewater Coming from Our Laundry / Raquel Villalba, Àngels Rovira and Laura Gelabert Analytical Approach for the Detection of Micro-sized Fibers from Textile Laundry / Jasmin Haap and Edith Classen Study on Microplastics Release from Fishing Nets / Alessio Montarsolo, Raffaella Mossotti, Alessia Patrucco, Marina Zoccola, Rosalinda Caringella, Pier Davide Pozzo and Claudio Tonin A Research on Microplastic Presence in Outdoor Air / Meral Yurtsever, Ahmet Tunahan Kaya and Senem Çiftçi Bayraktar Commonly Used Disposable Plastic Bags as a Source of Microplastic in Environment / Meral Yurtsever and Ulaş Yurtsever From Coral Triangle to Trash Triangle—How the Hot spot of Global Marine Biodiversity Is Threatened by Plastic Waste / Markus T. Lasut, Miriam Weber, Fransisco Pangalila, Natalie D. C. Rumampuk, Joice R. T. S. L. Rimper, Veibe Warouw, Stella T. Kaunang and Christian Lott Preliminary Assessment of Microplastic Accumulation in Wild Mediterranean Species / Manuela Piccardo, Serena Felline and Antonio Terlizzi Zooplankton and Plastic Additives—Insights into the Chemical Pollution of the Low-Trophic Level of the Mediterranean Marine Food Web / Natascha Schmidt, Javier Castro-Jiménez, Vincent Fauvelle and Richard Sempéré Microplastics in Juvenile Commercial Fish from an Estuarine Environment / Filipa Bessa, Pablo Barría, João M. Neto, João P. G. L. Frias, Vanessa Otero, Paula Sobral and João Carlos Marques Plastic Soles: Microplastic Litter in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Solea solea from the Adriatic Sea / Giulio Pellini, Alessio Gomiero, Tomaso Fortibuoni, Gianna Fabi, Fabio Grati, Anna Nora Tassetti, Piero Polidori, Carmen Ferra Vega and Giuseppe Scarcella Size-Selective Feeding by Mesopelagic Fish Can Impact Ocean Surface Abundance of Small Plastic Particles / John van den Hoff, Cecilia Eriksson, Harry Burton and Martin Schultz Dynamics in Microplastic Ingestion During the Past Six Decades in Herbivorous Fish on the Mediterranean Israeli Coast / Noam van der Hal, Erez Yeruham and Dror L. Angel Nanoplastic Impact on Human Health—A 3D Intestinal Model to Study the Interaction with Nanoplastic Particles / Roman Lehner, Alke Petri-Fink and Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser Imitating the Weathering of Microplastics in the Marine Environment / Kathrin Oelschlägel, Jenny Pfeiffer and Annegret Potthoff Microbial Degradation of HDPE Secondary Microplastics: Preliminary Results / Panagiota Tsiota, Katerina Karkanorachaki, Evdokia Syranidou, Martina Franchini and Nicolas Kalogerakis Assessing Marine Biodegradability of Plastic—Towards an Environmentally Relevant International Standard Test Scheme / Miriam Weber, Dorothée Makarow, Boris Unger, Nike Mortier, Bruno De Wilde, Miriam van Eekert, Els Schuman, Maurizio Tosin, Michele Pognani, Francesco Degli Innocenti, Demetres Briassolis, Antonis Mistriotis, Maarten van der Zee and Christian Lott Marine Fate of Biodegradable Plastic—Substitution Potential and Ecological Impacts / Christian Lott, Andreas Eich, Nora-Charlotte Pauli, Tobias Mildenberger, Christian Laforsch, Jana S. Petermann, Markus T. Lasut and Miriam Weber Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Based Composites for Food Packaging / Salvatore Mallardo, Valentina De Vito, Mario Malinconico, Maria Grazia Volpe, Gabriella Santagata and Maria Laura Di Lorenzo Degradation of Biodegradable Plastic Buried in Sand / Mariacristina Cocca, Francesca De Falco, Gennaro Gentile, Roberto Avolio, Maria Emanuela Errico, Emilia Di Pace and Maurizio Avella Non-conventional Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Alginates from Sargassum Seaweed: From Coastal Waste to a Novel Polysaccharide Source / Gabriella Santagata, Giorgio Grillo, Barbara Immirzi, Silvia Tabasso, Giancarlo Cravotto and Mario Malinconico Eco-Sustainable Finishing Treatment of Polyamide Fabrics to Reduce the Release of Microplastics During Washing Processes / Francesca De Falco, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, Roberto Avolio, Maria Emanuela Errico, Emilia Di Pace, Veronica Ambrogi, Maurizio Avella and Mariacristina Cocca Mitigation of the Impact Caused by Microfibers Released During Washings by Implementing New Chitosan Finishing Treatments / Raffaella Mossotti, Alessio Montarsolo, Alessia Patrucco, Marina Zoccola, Rosalinda Caringella, Pier Davide Pozzo and Claudio Tonin MWCNT/Polyaniline Nanocomposites Used for pH Nanosensors of Marine Waters / Anita Grozdanov, Aleksandar Petrovski, Perica Paunovik, Aleksandar T. Dimitrov and Maurizio Avella Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater Using Bio- and Nanosorbents / Anita Grozdanov, Katerina Atkovska, Kiril Lisickov, Gordana Ruseska and Aleksandar T. Dimitrov Banning Microplastics in Cosmetic Products in Europe: Legal Challenges / Esther Kentin

Note: Vorwort 1. Rationalität in Politik und Wirtschaft 2. Worum geht es in der Rational–Choice–Theorie? 3. Methodologische Defekte 4. Das Paradox der Wahlbeteiligung 5. Soziale Dilemmata und das Trittbrettfahrerproblem 6. Gesetzgebung und Abstimmungsparadox 7. Räumliche Theorien des politischen Wettbewerbs 8. Erwiderungen auf mögliche Gegenargumente Literatur Index

Note: Contents 1 History and Description of Ice Ages 1.1 Discovery of Ice Ages 1.2 Description of Ice Sheets 1.3 Vegetation During LGM 1.3.1 LGM Climate 1.3.2 Global Flora 1.3.3 Ice Age Forests 1.4 Vegetation and Dust Generation During the LGM 1.4.1 Introduction: Effect of Low CO2 on Plants 1.4.2 C3 and C4 Flora Differences 1.4.3 Effects of Low CO2 on Tree Lines 1.4.4 Source of the LGM Dust 2 Variability of the Earth’s Climate 2.1 Factors that Influence Global Climate 2.2 Stable Extremes of the Earth’s Climate 2.3 Ice Ages in the Recent Geological Past 3 Ice Core Methodology 3.1 History of Ice Core Research 3.2 Dating Ice Core Data 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Age Markers 3.2.3 Counting Layers Visually 3.2.4 Layers Determined by Measurement 3.2.5 Ice Flow Modeling 3.2.6 Other Dating Methods 3.2.7 Synchronization of Dating of Ice Cores from Greenland and Antarctica 3.2.8 GISP2 Experience 3.2.9 Tuning 3.2.10 Flimsy Logic 3.3 Processing Ice Core Data 3.3.1 Temperature Estimates from Ice Cores 3.3.2 Temperature Estimates from Borehole Models 3.3.3 Climate Variations 3.3.4 Trapped Gases 4 Ice Core Data 4.1 Greenland Ice Core Historical Temperatures 4.2 Antarctica Ice Core Historical Temperatures 4.2.1 Vostok and EPICA Data 4.2.2 Homogeneity of Antarctic Ice Cores 4.3 North-South Synchrony 4.3.1 Direct Comparison of Greenland and Antarctica Ice Core Records 4.3.2 Sudden Changes 4.3.3 Interpretation of Sudden Change in Terms of Ocean Circulation 4.3.4 Seasonal Variability of Precipitation 4.4 Data from High-Elevation Ice Cores 4.5 Carbon Dioxide 4.5.1 Measurements 4.5.2 Explanations 4.6 Dust in Ice Cores 5 Ocean Sediment Data 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chronology 5.3 Universality of Ocean Sediment Data 5.4 Summary of Ocean Sediment Ice Volume Data 5.5 Comparison of Ocean Sediment Data with Polar Ice Core Data 5.6 Historical Sea Surface Temperatures 5.7 Ice-Rafted Debris 6 Other Data Sources 6.1 Devil’s Hole 6.1.1 Devil’s Hole Data 6.1.2 Comparison of Devil’s Hole Data with Ocean Sediment Data 6.1.3 Devil’s Hole: Global or Regional Data? 6.1.4 Comparison of Devil’s Hole Data with Vostok Data 6.1.5 The Continuing Controversy 6.2 Speleothems in Caves 6.3 Magnetism in Rocks and Loess 6.3.1 Magnetism in Loess 6.3.2 Rock Magnetism in Lake Sediments 6.4 Pollen Records 6.5 Physical Indicators 6.5.1 Ice Sheet Moraines 6.5.2 Coral Terraces 6.5.3 Mountain Glaciers 6.6 Red Sea Sediments 7 Overview of the Various Models for Ice Ages 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Variability of the Sun 7.3 Astronomical Theory 7.4 Volcanism 7.5 Greenhouse Gases 7.6 Role of the Oceans 7.6.1 Glacial-Interglacial Cycles: The Consensus View 7.6.2 Sudden Climate Change - The Consensus View 7.6.3 Wunsch’s Objections 7.7 Models Based on Clouds 7.7.1 Extraterrestrial Dust Accretion 7.7.2 Clouds Induced by Cosmic Rays 7.7.3 Ocean–Atmosphere Model 7.8 Models Based on the Southern Hemisphere 8 Variability of the Earth’s Orbit: Astronomical Theory 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Variability of the Earth’s Orbit 8.2.1 Variability Within the Orbital Plane 8.2.2 Variability of the Orbital Plane 8.3 Calculation of Solar Intensities 8.4 Importance of Each Orbital Parameter 8.5 Historical Solar Irradiance at Higher Latitudes 8.6 Connection Between Solar Variability and Glaciation/Deglaciation Cycles According to Astronomical Theory 8.6.1 Models for Ice Volume 8.6.2 Review of the Imbries’ Model 8.6.3 Memory Model 8.6.4 Modification of Paillard Model 8.7 Models Based on Eccentricity or Obliquity 8.7.1 A Model Based on Eccentricity 8.7.2 The Middle-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) 9 Comparison of Astronomical Theory with Data 9.1 Ice Volume Versus Solar Input 9.2 Spectral Analysis 9.2.1 Introduction 9.2.2 Spectral Analysis of Solar and Paleoclimate Data 10 Interglacials 11 Terminations of Ice Ages 11.1 Abstract 11.2 Background 11.3 Terminations 11.4 North or South (or Both)? 11.5 Models Based on CO 2 and the Southern Hemisphere 11.6 Climate Models for Terminations of Ice Ages 11.7 Model Based on Solar Amplitudes 11.8 Dust as the Driver for Terminations 11.8.1 Introduction 11.8.2 Antarctic Dust Data 11.8.3 Correlation of Ice Core Dust Data with Terminations 11.8.4 Dust Levels on the Ice Sheets 11.8.5 Optical Properties of Surface Deposited Dust 11.8.6 Source of the Dust 11.8.7 Ice Sheet Margins 11.9 Model Based on Solar Thresholds 11.10 The Milankovitch Model Versus the Most Likely Model 11.10.1 Criteria for a Theory 11.10.2 The “Milankovitch” Model 11.10.3 The Most Likely Model 11.10.4 Unanswered Questions 12 Status of Our Understanding References Index

Note: Contents 1 Introduction References 2 Meteorology as a Natural Science 2.1 Definition of the Atmosphere 2.2 Methods of Research of the Atmosphere 2.2.1 Experimental Method of Research 2.3 Relationship Between Meteorology and Other Sciences 2.4 Classification of Meteorology 2.4.1 Classification Based on the Studied Area 2.4.2 Classification According to the Scale of Processes 2.5 The Modern Term of Meteorology References 3 Historical Background 3.1 Aristotle’s Meteorologica 3.2 Early Research Period 3.3 Modern Research Period References 4 Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere 4.1 Earth Spheres 4.2 Basic Characteristics of the Atmosphere 4.3 Origin of the Atmosphere 4.4 Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere 4.5 Significant Atmospheric Gases 4.5.1 General Facts About the Atmosphere 4.6 Atmospheric Structure 4.6.1 Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere 4.7 Magneto-electronic Structure References 5 Energy and Radiation 5.1 Basic Features 5.2 Radiation Laws 5.3 Electromagnetic Radiation 5.4 Solar Radiation 5.4.1 Solar Constant 5.4.2 Direct Solar Radiation 5.4.3 Diffused Solar Radiation (D) 5.4.4 Solar Radiation Factors 5.4.5 Temporal and Spatial Changes in Insolation 5.5 Optical Radiation 5.5.1 UV Index 5.5.2 UV Index Factors 5.6 Ozone Layer 5.7 Earth Longwave Radiation 5.7.1 Earth’s Annual and Global Mean Energy Budget 5.7.2 Earth’s Heat Balance 5.7.3 Earth Radiation Budget and the Planetary Temperature 5.7.4 The Simple Greenhouse Model References 6 Atmospheric Thermodynamics 6.1 Definition 6.1.1 Thermodynamic System 6.2 An Ideal Gas Law 6.2.1 The Equation of State of Dry Air 6.2.2 The Equation of State of Moist Air 6.3 First Principle of Thermodynamics 6.3.1 The First Principle of Thermodynamics for an Ideal Gas 6.3.2 Enthalpy 6.3.3 Poisson Equations 6.3.4 Potential Temperature 6.3.5 Implementation of the First Principle of Thermodynamics 6.4 The Second Principle of Thermodynamics 6.4.1 Definition of Entropy 6.4.2 Summary on Reversible and Irreversible Processes References 7 Air Temperature 7.1 Air Temperature Definition 7.2 Heat and Temperature 7.2.1 Heat Transfer 7.3 Temperature Factors 7.3.1 Heat Advection 7.4 Temperature Changes 7.4.1 Daily Insolation and Pure Radiation 7.4.2 Daily Air Temperature Distribution 7.4.3 Vertical Temperature Change 7.4.4 Adiabatic Changes of Temperature 7.4.5 Temperature Inversion 7.4.6 Global Distributions of Temperature 7.4.7 Surface Temperatures 7.4.8 Urban Heat Island 7.5 Temperature Scales 7.6 Isotherms 7.7 Latitudinal Heat Balance References 8 Atmospheric Pressure and Wind 8.1 Mass of the Atmosphere 8.2 Definition of Atmospheric Pressure 8.3 Geopotential 8.4 Barometric Pressure Distribution 8.4.1 Pressure Gradient 8.4.2 Isobars 8.4.3 Isohypses 8.4.4 Hydrostatic Balance 8.5 Pressure Systems 8.6 Daily Pressure Distribution 8.7 Reduction of the Surface Pressure to Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSL) 8.8 Hydrostatic Equilibrium (Approximation) 8.9 Standard Atmosphere 8.10 Barotropic vs Baroclinic Atmosphere 8.11 Reduction on Atmospheric Pressure to Mean Sea Level Pressure 8.12 Stream Field 8.13 Definition of Wind 8.14 Classification of the Winds 8.14.1 Permanent Wind 8.14.2 Trade Winds 8.14.3 Anti-trade Winds 8.14.4 Periodic Winds 8.14.5 Local Winds 8.14.6 Land and Sea Breezes 8.14.7 Mountain and Valley Winds 8.14.8 Katabatic Winds References 9 Atmospheric Stability 9.1 Air Stability 9.2 Static Atmospheric Stability 9.3 Stability Due to Air Movement 9.4 Convective Instability 9.5 Low-Level Inversions References 10 Atmospheric Moisture 10.1 Water Vapour in the Atmosphere 10.2 Air Moisture Quantities 10.3 The Relative Humidity 10.4 The Moisture Deficit 10.5 A Dew Point Temperature 10.6 The Phase Changes 10.7 Condensation and Evaporation References 11 Clouds and Precipitation 11.1 Formation of Clouds 11.1.1 Air Saturation Mechanism 11.1.2 Adiabatic Cooling 11.1.3 Water Vapour Supply by Air Mixing 11.1.4 Mixing and Diffusion 11.1.5 Diabatic Cooling 11.1.6 Formation of Cloud Elements 11.1.7 Precipitation 11.1.8 The Mechanism of Ice Nucleation 11.1.9 Classification of the Microprocesses 11.2 Cloud Definition and Classification 11.2.1 Cloud Classification 11.2.2 Cloud Classification by Form 11.2.3 Cloud Classification Based on Height 11.2.4 International Cloud Classification 11.2.5 Cloud Classification by Composition 11.2.6 Classification by Mechanism of Formation 11.2.7 Special Clouds 11.3 Fog 11.3.1 Fog Types and Formation 11.4 Hydrometeors 11.4.1 Precipitation 11.4.2 Orographic Rainfall 11.4.3 Convective Rainfall 11.4.4 Frontal Rainfall References 12 Atmospheric Motion 12.1 Real Forces 12.1.1 Pressure Gradient Force 12.1.2 Gravity 12.1.3 Friction 12.2 The Forces That Are the Effects of Earth’s Rotation 12.2.1 Centrifugal Force 12.2.2 Coriolis Force (C) 12.3 Some Common Resultant Forces 12.3.1 Earth’s Gravity Force 12.3.2 Buoyancy Force 12.4 Atmospheric Motion 12.4.1 The Equation of Motion in a System Rotating Together with the Earth 12.5 Application of the Equations of Horizontal Motion 12.5.1 Geostrophic Wind (V g) 12.5.2 Thermal Wind (V T ) 12.5.3 Gradient Wind 12.5.4 Quasi-geostrophic Equations of Motion 12.6 Vertical Motions in the Atmosphere 12.7 Vorticity Equation 12.8 Basic Characteristics of Vorticity 12.8.1 Positive Vorticity Advection PVA and Upward Air Motion References 13 Atmospheric Waves 13.1 Waves: General Features 13.2 Wave Equation 13.2.1 Mathematical Description of 1-D Waves 13.3 Atmospheric Waves 13.3.1 History Studying Atmospheric Waves 13.3.2 Atmospheric Waves: Definition 13.3.3 Factors that Form a Wave 13.3.4 Basic Wave Properties and Classification 13.4 The Mathematical Concept of Atmospheric Waves 13.4.1 Atmospheric Sound Waves 13.4.2 Gravity Waves 13.4.3 Inertial-Gravity Waves 13.4.4 Rossby Waves References 14 Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) 14.1 ABL Historical Overview 14.2 ABL Definition and Basic Characteristics 14.2.1 ABL Significance 14.3 ABL Structure 14.3.1 Surface Layer 14.3.2 Mixing Layer 14.3.3 Residual Layer 14.3.4 Stable Boundary Layer 14.3.5 Free Atmosphere 14.4 Factors Influence on ABL Structure 14.4.1 The Neutral PBL 14.4.2 The Ekman Wind Spiral 14.4.3 Unstable Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer References 15 General Circulation of the Atmosphere 15.1 General Atmospheric Circulation Definition 15.2 Conceptual Model of the General Atmospheric Circulation 15.3 Three-Cell Model of Circulation 15.3.1 Circulation in Hadley Cell 15.3.2 Intertropical Convergence Zone 15.3.3 Zonal Pressure Patterns 15.3.4 Upper Tropospheric Wind and Pressure Patterns 15.4 The Wind Patterns 15.4.1 Eastern and Western Winds 15.5 Global Distribution of Pressure, Rainfall, and Climate 15.6 Ocean Circulation 15.6.1 Major Ocean Currents 15.7 Ocean Waves 15.8 Large-Scale Circulation Modes 15.8.1 North Atlantic (NAO) and Artic Oscillation (AO) 15.8.2 El Niño-Southern Oscillation 15.8.3 La Nina 15.9 Winds at the Regional Scale: Monsoon 15.10 Jet Streams 15.10.1 A Waiver Jet Stream 15.11 Rossby Planetary Waves References 16 Air Masses and Fronts 16.1 Definition of Air Masses 16.1.1 Air Mass Source Region 16.1.2 Formation Criteria 16.2 Air Mass Classification 16.2.1 Polar Continental and Artic Continental Air Masses (cP and cA) 16.2.2 Maritime Polar Air Masses (mP) 16.2.3 Tropical Maritime Air Masses (mT) 16.3 Air Mass Modification 16.4 Fronts (Frontal Boundaries) 16.4.1 Types of Weather Fronts 16.4.2 Occluded Fronts References 17 Cyclones and Anticyclones 17.1 General Terms 17.2 Low-Pressure Systems: Cyclones 17.2.1 Formation of Extratropical Cyclone 17.2.2 Life Cycle of the Extratropical Cyclone 17.2.3 Cyclone Movement 17.2.4 Upper Level Low 17.3 High-Pressure System: Anticyclone 17.4 Weather Conditions Associate with Cyclones and Anticyclones References 18 Tropical Storms 18.1 General Overview 18.2 Tropical Cyclone Formation 18.2.1 General Factors 18.2.2 The Basic Ingredients 18.3 Areas of Formation 18.4 Classification of Tropical Cyclones 18.5 Tropical Storm Structure 18.5.1 Cyclonic Eye 18.5.2 Eyewall

Note: IntroductionTheorising Norms -- Theorising Crime -- Agent-based Modelling -- The Environment and Social Norms -- Punishment and Social Norms -- Imitation and Social Norms -- Socially Situated Social Norms -- Internalisation and Social Norms -- Modelling Norms -- Delinquent Networks -- Social Construction of Knowledge -- Morality -- We-Intentionality -- Conclusion -- Index..

Note: Table of Contents Introductory perspectives Chapter 1: Introduction: Cold War science in the North American Arctic / by Stephen Bocking, Daniel Heidt Strategic science Chapter 2: Ice and the depths of the ocean: probing Greenland's Melville Bay during the Cold War / by Mark Nuttall Chapter 3: Leadership, cultures, the Cold War and the establishment of Arctic scientific stations: situating the Joint Arctic Weather Stations (JAWS) / by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Daniel Heidt Chapter 4: Frontier footage: science and colonial attitudes on film in Northern Canada, 1948–1954 / by Matthew S. Wiseman Chapter 5: Portraying America's last frontier: Alaska in the media during the Second World War and the Cold War / by Victoria Herrmann Chapter 6: Making “Man in the Arctic”: academic and military entanglements, 1944–49 / by Matthew Farish Cold War economies Chapter 7: Arctic pipelines and permafrost science: North American rivalries in the shadow of the Cold War, 1968–1982 / by Robert Page Chapter 8: Cold oil: linking strategic and resource science in the Canadian Arctic / by Stephen Bocking Chapter 9: Icebergs in Iowa: Saudi dreams, Antarctic hydrologics and the production of Cold War environmental knowledge / by Rafico Ruiz Chapter 10: Science and Indigenous knowledge in land claims settlements: negotiating the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, 1977–1978 / by Andrew Stuhl Science crossing borders Chapter 11: Knowledge base: polar explorers and the integration of science, security, and US foreign policy in Greenland, from the Great War to the Cold War / by Dawn Alexandrea Berry Chapter 12: Institutions and the changing nature of Arctic research during the early Cold War / by Lize-Marié van der Watt, Peder Roberts, Julia Lajus Chapter 13: Rockets over Thule? American hegemony, ionosphere research and the politics of rockets in the wake of the 1968 Thule B-52 accident / by Henrik Knudsen Chapter 14: Applied science and practical cooperation: Operation Morning Light and the recovery of cosmos 954 in the Northwest Territories, 1978 / by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Ryan Dean Chapter 15: Melting the ice curtain: indigeneity and the Alaska Siberia Medical Research Program, 1982–1988 / by Tess Lanzarotta Epilogue: global Cold War—the Antarctic and the Arctic Chapter 16: Antarctic science and the Cold War / by Adrian Howkins

Note: CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction: German Histories and Pacific Histories / Ulrike Strasser, Frank Biess, and Hartmut Berghoff Part I. Missionaries, Explorers, and Knowledge Transfer 1. German Apothecaries and Botanists in Early Modern Indonesia, the Philippines, and Japan / Raquel A. G. Reyes 2. A Bohemian Mapmaker in Manila: Travels, Transfers, and Traces between the Pacific Ocean and Germans Lands / Ulrike Strasser 3. German Naturalists in the Pacific around 1800: Entanglement, Autonomy, and a Transnational Culture of Expertise / Andreas W. Daum 4. Georg Wilhelm Steller and Carl Heinrich Merck: German Scientists in Russian Service as Explorers in the North Pacific in the Eighteenth Century / Kristina Küntzel-Witt 5. Johann Reinhold Forster and the Ship Resolution as a Space of Knowledge Production / Anne Mariss 6. Engineering Empire: German Influence on Chinese Industrialization, 1880-1925 / Shellen Wu Part II. Expansion, Entanglements, and Colonialism in the Long Nineteenth Century 7. Expanding the Frontier(s): The Spreckels Family and the German-American Penetration of the Pacific, 1 870-1920 / Uwe Spiekermann 8. Work and Non-work in the "Paradise of the South Sea": Samoa, ca. 1890-1914 195 / Jürgen Schmidt 9. German Women in the South Sea Colonies, 1884-1919 / Livia Rivotti 10. Sacrifice, Heroism, Professionalization, and Empowerment: Colonial New Guinea in the Lives of German Religious Women, 1899-1919 / Katharina Stornig 11. Rape, Indenture, and the Colonial Courts in German New Guinea / Emma Thomas 12. The Trans-Pacific "Ghadar" Movement: The Role of the Pacific in the Indo-German Plot to Overthrow the British Empire during World War I / Douglas T. McGetchin 13. The Vava'u Germans: History and Identity Construction of a Transcultural Community with Tongan and Pomeranian Roots / Reinhard Wendt Epilogue German Histories and Pacific Histories: New Directions / Matt Matsuda Index

Note: Inhalt Vorwort Bibliothek als Bauaufgabe Bibliothek als architektonische Aufgabe : Von der Entwicklung der Gebäudetypologie und der Verschiebung der Schwerpunkte in der Bibliotheksarchitektur / Marina Stankovic und Tobias Jortzick Herausragende Bibliotheksbauten der vergangenen zehn Jahre - eine Aufforderung / Ulrich Niederer Die Grüne Bibliothek : ökologische Nachhaltigkeit bei Bibliotheksbau und -ausstattung / Melanie Padilla Segarra und Petra Hauke Standortwahl / Konrad Umlauf Außenraumtypologien an Bibliotheken / Irene Lohaus Verfahrensschritte zur Realisierung eines innovativen Bauvorhabens : Das Beispiel des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksgebäudes von Universität und Hochschule Osnabrück auf dem Campus Westerberg / Felicitas Hundhausen Flächenbedarf von Hochschulbibliotheken / Bernd Vogel Bibliotheken bauen im Bestand Bibliotheksbau im Bestand - oder: Die Liebe zum Unikat / Robert Niess Modernisierung und Sanierung von Bibliotheksbauten : Aus einem bestehenden Gebäude etwas Neues machen / Oliver Kohl-Frey Sanierung und Neukonzeption bestehender Bausubstanz : Das Beispiel der Universitätsbibliothek Konstanz / Michael B. Frank Nachnutzung versus Neubau : Das Beispiel RW21 Stadtbibliothek Bayreuth / Jörg Weinreich Räume gestalten Lernräume der Zukunft - Perspektiven junger Gestalter / Klaus Ulrich Werner Die Schulbibliothek / Birgit Lücke und Angelika Flolderried Die Jugendbibliothek : Erlebnis- und Kommunikationsort / Kerstin Keller-Loibl Die Kinderbibliothek / Sabine Brunner Makerspaces - Bibliotheksräume für Macher / Gabriela Lüthi-Esposito Das zukunftsfähige Bib-Office / Jutta Eiberger Barrierefreiheit - eine Herausforderung?! / Särka Vonskovä Umgebungsbedingung: Licht Bodenbeläge für Bibliotheken / Roman Rabe Partizipatives Gestalten / Jens llg und Robert Zepf Bibliothekstechnik Leitsysteme - Funktion und Entwicklungsprozesse / Anna-Katharina Huth RFID und moderne technische Infrastruktur / Frank Seeliger, Jan Kissigund Ricardo Frommholz Präsentation digitaler Medien im physischen Raum / Janin Präßler Hochregallager - ein neuer Weg der Magazinierung : Die Kooperative Speicherbibtiothek Schweiz. Eine Luzerner Fallgeschichte mit Exkursen / Ulrich Niederer Brandschutz, Sicherheit und Notfallvorsorge / Milena Pfafferott Klimaregulierung : Bau- und Klimakonzepte für Räume zur Aufbewahrung, Nutzung und Präsentation von Altbeständen / Christine Sauer Management im Kontext von Bauprojekten Bibliotheksumzug / Martin Lee Change Management - Best Practice wider den Widerstand : Beispiele aus der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg und der Staatsbibliothek Bamberg / Ilona Munique Betriebsmanagement : Dargestellt am Beispiel der ETH-Bibliothek Zürich / Susanne Benitz und André Reichmuth Gebäudemanagement / Christian Kuhlmann Aufenthalt und Aufenthaltsmessung im physischen Bibliotheksraum / Julia Weis Öffentlichkeit durch Bibliotheksarchitektur - von innen und außen betrachtet / Dirk Wissen Bibliotheksgebäude auf dem Prüfstand : Kennzeichen, Betrieb und Evaluation - ein Fragenkatalog / IFLA Library Buildings and Equipment Section Anhang Bibliotheken planen, bauen und ausstatten : Eine Auswahlbibliografie / Petra Hauke Autoren & Herausgeber Abkürzungen Index

Note: CONTENTS Preface Photo Credits Computer Codes 1 Introduction 1-1 Why Microwaves for Remote Sensing? 1-2 A Brief Overview of Microwave Sensors 1-3 A Short History of Microwave Remote Sensing 1-3.1 Radar 1-3.2 Radiometers 1-4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1-5 Basic Operation and Applications of Radar 1-5.1 Operation of Remote-Sensing Radars 1-5.2 Applications of Remote-Sensing Radars 1-6 Basic Operation and Applications of Radiometers 1-6.1 Radiometer Operation 1-6.2 Applications of Microwave Radiometry 1-7 Image Examples 2 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation 2-1 EM Plane Waves 2-1.1 Constitutive Parameters 2-1.2 Maxwell's Equations 2-1.3 Complex Permittivity 2-1.4 Wave Equations 2-2 Plane-Wave Propagation in Lossless Media 2-2.1 Uniform Plane Waves 2-2.2 General Relation between E and H 2-3 Wave Polarization in a Lossless Medium 2-3.1 Linear Polarization 2-3.2 Circular Polarization 2-3.3 Elliptical Polarization 2-4 Plane Wave Propagation in Lossy Media 2-4.1 Low Loss Dielectric 2-4.2 Good Conductor 2-5 Electromagnetic Power Density 2-5.1 Plane Wave in a Lossless Medium 2-5.2 Plane Wave in a Lossy Medium 2-5.3 Decibel Scale tor Power Ratios 2-6 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence 2-6.1 Boundary between Lossless Media 2-6.2 Boundary between Lossy Media 2-7 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence 2-7.1 Horizontal Polarization—Lossless Media 2-7.2 Vertical Polarization 2-8 Reflectivity and Transmissivity 2-9 Oblique Incidence onto a Lossy Medium 2- 10 Oblique Incidence onto a Two-Layer Composite 2-10.1 Input Parameters 2-10.2 Propagation Matrix Method 2-10.3 Multiple Reflection Method 3 Remote-Sensing Antennas 3-1 The Hertzian Dipole 3-2 Antenna Radiation Characteristics 3-2.1 Antenna Pattern 3-2.2 Beam Dimensions 3-2.3 Antenna Directivity 3-2.4 Antenna Gain 3-2.5 Radiation Efficiency 3-2.6 Effective Area of a Receiving Antenna 3-3 Friis Transmission Formula 3-4 Radiation by Large-Aperture Antennas 3-5 Rectangular Aperture with Uniform Field Distribution 3-5.1 Antenna Pattern in x-y Plane 3-5.2 Beamwidth 3-5.3 Directivity and Effective Area 3-6 Circular Aperture with Uniform Field Illumination 3-7 Nonuniform-Amplitude Illumination 3-8 Beam Efficiency 3-9 Antenna Arrays 3-10 N-Element Array with Uniform Phase Distribution 3-10.1 Uniform Amplitude Distribution 3-10.2 Grating Lobes 3-10.3 Binomial Distribution 3-11 Electronic Scanning of Arrays 3-12 Antenna Types 3-12.1 Horn Antennas 3-12.2 Slot Antennas 3-12.3 Microstrip Antennas 3-13 Active Antennas 3-13.1 Advantages of Active Antennas 3-13.2 Digital Beamforming with Active Antennas 4 Microwave Dielectric Properties of Natural Earth Materials 4-1 Pure-Water Single-Debye Dielectric Model (f 〈 50 GHz) 4-2 Saline-Water Double-Debye Dielectric Model (f〈 1000 GHz) 4-3 Dielectric Constant of Pure Ice 4-4 Dielectric Mixing Models for Heterogeneous Materials 4-4.1 Randomly Oriented Ellipsoidal Inclusions 4-4.2 Polder-van Santen/de Loor Formulas 4-4.3 Tinga-Voss-Blossey (TVB) Formulas 4-4.4 Other Dielectric Mixing Formulas 4-5 Sea Ice 4-5.1 Dielectric Constant of Brine 4-5.2 Brine Volume Fraction 4-5.3 Dielectric Properties 4-6 Dielectric Constant of Snow 4-6.1 Dry Snow 4-6.2 Wet Snow 4-7 Dielectric Constant of Dry Rocks 4-7.1 Powdered Rocks 4-7.2 Solid Rocks 4-8 Dielectric Constant of Soils 4-8.1 Dry Soil 4-8.2 Wet Soil 4-8.3 εsoil in 0.3-1.5 GHz Band 4-9 Dielectric Constant of Vegetation 4-9.1 Dielectric Constant of Canopy Constituents 4-9.2 Dielectric Model 5 Radar Scattering 5-1 Wave Polarization in a Spherical Coordinate System 5-2 Scattering Coordinate Systems 5-2.1 Forward Scattering Alignment (FSA) Convention 5-2.2 Backscatter Alignment (BSA) Convention 5-3 Scattering Matrix 5-3.1 FSA Convention 5-3.2 BSA Convention 5-3.3 Stokes Parameters and Mueller Matrix 5-4 Radar Equation 5-5 Scattering from Distributed Targets 5-5.1 Narrow-Beam Scatterometer 5-5.2 Imaging Radar 5-5.3 Specific Intensities for Distributed Target 5-6 RCS Statistics 5-7 Rayleigh Fading Model 5-7.1 Underlying Assumptions 5-7.2 Linear Detection 5-7.3 Square-Law Detection 5-7.4 Interpretation 5-8 Multiple Independent Samples 5-8.1 N-Look Amplitude Image 5-8.2 N-Look Intensity Image 5-8.3 N-Look Square-Root Intensity Image 5-8.4 Spatial Resolution vs. Radiometric Resolution 5-8.5 Applicability of the Rayleigh Fading Model 5-9 Image Texture and Despeckle Filtering . 5-9.1 Image Texture 5-9.2 Despeckling Filters 5-10 Coherent and Noncoherent Scattering 5-10.1 Surface Roughness 5-10.2 Bistatic Scattering 5-10.3 Specular Reflectivity 5-10.4 Bistatic-Scattering Coefficient 5-10.5 Backscattering Response of a Smooth Surface 5-11 Polarization Synthesis 5-11.1 RCS Polarization Response 5-11.2 Distributed Targets 5-11.3 Mueller Matrix Approach 5-12 Polarimetric Scattering Statistics 5-13 Polarimetric Analysis Tools 5-13.1 Scattering Covariance Matrix 5-13.2 Eigenvector Decomposition 5-13.3 Useful Polarimetric Parameters 5-13.4 Image Examples 5-13.5 Freeman-Durden Decomposition 6 Microwave Radiometry and Radiative Transfer 6-1 Radiometric Quantities 6-2 Thermal Radiation 6-2.1 Quantum Theory of Radiation 6-2.2 Planck's Blackbody Radiation Law 6-2.3 The Rayleigh-Jeans Law 6-3 Power-Temperature Correspondence 6-4 Radiation by Natural Materials 6-4.1 Brightness Temperature 6-4.2 Brightness Temperature Distribution 6-4.3 Antenna Temperature 6-5 Antenna Efficiency Considerations 6-5.1 Beam Efficiency 6-5.2 Radiation Efficiency 6-5.3 Radiometer Measurement Ambiguity 6-6 Theory of Radiative Transfer 6-6.1 Equation of Radiative Transfer 6-6.2 Brightness-Temperature Equation 6-6.3 Brightness Temperature of a Stratified Medium 6-6.4 Brightness Temperature of a Scatter-Free Medium 6-6.5 Upwelling and Downwelling Atmospheric Brightness Temperatures 6-7 Terrain Brightness Temperature 6-7.1 Brightness Transmission Across a Specular Boundary 6-7.2 Emission by a Specular Surface 6-7.3 Emissivity of a Rough Surface 6-7.4 Extreme Surface Conditions 6-7.5 Emissivity of a Two-Layer Composite 6-8 Downward-Looking Satellite Radiometer 6-9 Polarimetric Radiometry 6-10 Stokes Parameters and Periodic Structures 7 Microwave Radiometric Systems 7-1 Equivalent Noise Temperature 7-2 Characterization of Noise 7-2.1 Noise Figure 7-2.2 Equivalent Input Noise Temperature 7-2.3 Noise Temperature of a Cascaded System 7-2.4 Noise Temperature of a Lossy Two-Port Device 7-3 Receiver and System Noise Temperatures 7-3.1 Receiver Alone 7-3.2 Total System Including Antenna 7-4 Radiometer Operation 7-4.1 Measurement Accuracy 7-4.2 Total-Power Radiometer 7-4.3 Radiometric Resolution 7-5 Effects of Receiver Gain Variations 7-6 Dicke Radiometer 7-7 Balancing Techniques 7-7.1 Reference-Channel Control Method 7-7.2 Antenna-Channel Noise-Injection Method 7-7.3 Pulsed Noise-Injection Method 7-7.4 Gain-Modulation Method 7-8 Automatic-Gain-Control (AGC) Techniques 7-9 Noise-Adding Radiometer 7-10 Summary of Radiometer Properties 7-11 Radiometer Calibration Techniques 7-11.1 Receiver Calibration 7-11.2 Calibration Sources 7-11.3 Effects of Impedance Mismatches 7-11.4 Antenna Calibration 7-11.5 Cryoload Technique 7-11.6 Bucket Technique 7-12 Imaging Considerations 7-12.1 Scanning Configurations 7-12.2 Radiometer Uncertainty Principle 7-13 Interferometric Aperture Synthesis 7-13.1 Image Reconstruction 7-13.2 MIR Radiometric Sensitivity 7-14 Polarimetric Radiometer 7-14.1 Coherent Detection 7-14.2 Incoherent Detection 7-15 Calibration of Polarimetric Radiometers 7-15.1 Forward Model for a Fully Polarimetric Radiometer 7-15.2 Forward Model for the Polarimetric Calibration Source 7-15.3 Calibration by Inversion of the Forward Models 7-16 Digital Radiometers 8 Microwave Interaction with Atmospheric Constituents 8-1 Standard Atmosphere 8-1.1 Atmospheric Composition 8-1.2 Temperature Profile 8-1.3 Density Profile 8-1.4 Pressure Profi

Note: Inhalt 1 Einleitung 2 Der erste Eindruck - Das Anmeldegespräch 2.1 Ein Beispiel 2.2 Die Raumsituation 2.3 Die Kommunikationssituation mit Kunden 2.3.1 Gast und Gastgeber 2.3.2 Wir kommunizieren ständig 2.3.3 Wie wirke ich auf andere? 2.3.4 Beziehungs- und Sachaspekt der Kommunikation 2.3.5 Rolleneinnahme und Gesamthaltung der Bibliothek 2.4 Die Gesprächssituation 2.4.1 Augenhöhe und Respekt 2.4.2 Einstellen auf verschiedene Gesprächspartner 2.4.3 Der Gesprächsverlauf 2.4.4 Verständlichkeit und Anschaulichkeit 2.4.5 Schwierige Situationen im Anmeldegespräch 2.5 Vertiefung 3 Professionell beraten - Das Auskunftsgespräch 3.1 Ein Beispiel 3.2 Verantwortung im Gespräch übernehmen - Rollenklarheit 3.3 Reden wir über das Gleiche? 3.4 Durch die Phasen des Gesprächs steuern 3.4.1 Kontakt aufnehmen 3.4.2 Die Ausgangsfrage stellen 3.4.3 Nachfragen 3.4.4 Absichern 3.4.5 Lösungen entwickeln und anbieten 3.4.6 Vereinbarung treffen 3.4.7 Verabschieden 3.5 Die richtigen Fragen stellen 3.6 Störungen in der Auskunftssituation und die Etablierung von Standards 3.7 Tipps im Auskunftsgespräch 3.8 Vertiefung 4 Schulungen und Führungen entwickeln 4.1 Ein Beispiel 4.2 Lerntheoretische Hintergründe 4.2.1 Das Gedächtnis: Wie merken wir uns etwas? 4.2.2 Lerntypen: Wer lernt wie? 4.2.3 Lernpyramide: Mit welchen Lernmethoden lernen wir am effektivsten? 4.2.4 Die Hirnforschung: Wie lernt unser Gehirn am besten? 4.3 Modelle der Didaktik 4.3.1 Instruktionsorientierte Didaktik 4.3.2 Kompetenzorientierte Didaktik 4.4 Die Rolle der Lehrenden 4.5 Auftragsklärung 4.6 Die Konzeptentwicklung in sechs Schritten 4.6.1 Mit der Zielgruppe beschäftigen 4.6.2 Lernziele entwickeln 4.6.3 Themen sammeln und sortieren 4.6.4 Methodik festlegen 4.6.5 Lernkreislauf entwickeln 4.6.6 Dramaturgie und Zeitplan festlegen 4.7 Methodenpool 4.8 Schwierige Situationen in Schulungen 4.9 Wir lernen weiter: Eine Methode für das Schulungsteam 4.10 Vertiefung 5 Schwierige Situationen mit Kunden bewältigen 5.1 Ein Beispiel 5.2 Der Hintergrund 5.2.1 Ebenen der Kommunikation 5.2.2 Vier Reaktionsmöglichkeiten 5.2.3 Der Teufelskreis in der Kommunikation 5.3 Was lässt manche Menschen schwierig werden? 5.3.1 Ein Beispiel 5.3.2 Menschliche Bedürfnisse und Aggressionen 5.3.3 Wie wir den Konflikt betrachten - verschiedene Konfliktebenen 5.4 Das Dilemma der guten Mitarbeiterin 5.5 Die Entschärfung der Situation 5.6 Formulierungstipps - kleines Glossar der hilfreichen Worte 5.7 Kommunikative Basics für schwierige Situationen 5.7.1 So tun als ob 5.7.2 Distanz wahren 5.7.3 Die Flucht nach vornantreten 5.7.4 Verlierer und Schein-Sieger 5.7.5 Eigene Irrtümer vermeiden 5.8 Fallbeispiele 5.8.1 Typologie nach Fritz Riemann 5.8.2 Fünf Fälle und Handlungsmöglichkeiten 5.9 Deeskalationsstrategien - wenn es ganz schwierig wird 5.10 Vertiefung 6 Beschwerdemanagement in Bibliotheken 6.1 Ein Beispiel 6.2 Was ist Beschwerdemanagement? 6.3 Die Komponenten eines Beschwerdemanagement-Systems 6.3.1 Beschwerdestimulierung 6.3.2 Beschwerdekanäle 6.3.3 Beschwerdeannahme 6.3.4 Beschwerdebearbeitung 6.3.5 Beschwerdereaktion 6.3.6 Beschwerdeauswertung 6.3.7 Beschwerdereporting (öffentlich) 6.4 Die Kommunikationssituation der Beschwerde 6.4.1 Worüber beschweren sich Kunden der Bibliothek? 6.4.2 Beschwerdeschreiben verstehen und beantworten 6.4.3 Unzufriedenheit und Schweregrad der Beschwerde 6.4.4 Die Entschärfung der Situation 6.4.5 Ein Gesprächsleitfaden für Beschwerdegespräche 6.4.6 Deeskalieren 6.4.7 Tipps für die Gesprächssituation 6.4.8 Mitarbeiter einbeziehen und schulen 6.5 Vertiefung 7 Kundenorientierung in der Bibliothek 7.1 Ein Beispiel 7.2 Was heißt Kundenorientierung in der Bibliothek? 7.3 Vom Nutzer zum Kunden 7.4 Von der Produkt- zur Kundenorientierung 7.5 Ein Gesamtkonzept zur Einführung von Kundenorientierung 7.6 Eins greift ins andere - Kundenzentrierung und Mitarbeiterorientierung 7.7 Gemeinsame Verhaltensstandards einführen 7.7.1 Was sind Leistungsstandards 7.7.2 Kontaktsituationen mit Kunden und mögliche Verhaltensstandards 7.8 Damit alle an einem Strang ziehen 7.9 Vertiefung 8 Sicher und gewandt auftreten 8.1 Ein Beispiel 8.2 Die eigene Einstellung 8.2.1 Persönliche Denkmuster 8.2.2 Innere Dialoge 8.3 Woran wir arbeiten können - das rhetorische Handwerkszeug 8.4 Sicheres Auftreten braucht Übung 8.5 Erklären und überzeugen 8.6 Anschaulich und lebendig sprechen 8.7 Präsenz zeigen 8.8 Stimmlich überzeugen 8.9 Lampenfieber - die Spannung nutzen 8.10 Vertiefung Literatur und Internet-Links Sachregister Über die Autorin

Note: Contents Part I Introduction Introduction to Limnogeology: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities: A Tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch / Michael R. Rosen, Lisa Park Boush, David B. Finkelstein, and Sila Pla-Pueyo Part II African Lake Modern and Ancient Animal Traces in the Extreme Environments of Lake Magadi and Nasikie Engida, Kenya Rift Valley / Jennifer J. Scott, Robin W. Renaut, Luis A. Buatois, R. Bernhart Owen, Emma P. McNulty, Mona Stockhecke, Kennie Leet, Tim K. Lowenstein, and M. Gabriela Mángano Part III European Lakes Lake-Level Fluctuations and Allochthonous Lignite Deposition in the Eocene Pull-Apart Basin “Prinz von Hessen” (Hesse, Germany) – A Palynological Study / Maryam Moshayedi, Olaf K. Lenz, Volker Wilde, and Matthias Hinderer How Changes of Past Vegetation and Human Impact Are Documented in Lake Sediments: Paleoenvironmental Research in Southwestern Germany, a Review / Manfred Rösch, Karl-Heinz Feger, Elske Fischer, Matthias Hinderer, Lucas Kämpf, Angelika Kleinmann, Jutta Lechterbeck, Elena Marinova, Antje Schwalb, Gegeensuvd Tserendorj, and Lucia Wick Large-Scale Slumps and Associated Resedimented Deposits in Miocene Lake Basins from SE Spain / José P. Calvo, David Gómez-Gras, and Miguel A. Rodríguez-Pascua Lacustrine and Fluvial Carbonate Microbialites in the Neogene of the Ebro Basin, Spain: A Summary of Up-to-Date Knowledge / Concha Arenas-Abad, Leticia Martin-Bello, F. Javier Pérez-Rivarés, Nerea Santos-Bueno, and Marta Vázquez-Urbez Part IV North America Ecological Response of Ostracodes (Arthropoda, Crustacea) to Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Eocene Green River Formation, Fossil Basin, Wyoming, USA /Lisa E. Park Boush, Christine M. S. Hall, Lucas S. Antonietto, and Andrew J. McFarland History of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA: since the Termination of Lake Bonneville / Charles G. Oviatt, Genevieve Atwood, and Robert S. Thompson What’s New About the Old Bonneville Basin? Fresh Insights About the Modern Limnogeology of Great Salt Lake / Kathleen Nicoll Middle Holocene Hydrologic Changes Catalyzed by River Avulsion in Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA / Michael R. Rosen, Liam Reidy, Scott Starratt, and Susan R. H. Zimmerman Diatom Record of Holocene Moisture Variability in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA / Scott W. Starratt, Matthew E. Kirby, and Katherine Glover A 12,000 Year Diatom-Based Paleoenvironmental Record from Lago De Zirahuén, Mexico / Isabel Israde-Alcántara, C. G. Vázquez, Sarah Davies, Ben Aston, and Margarita Caballero Miranda Sedimentary Record of the Zacapu Basin, Michoacán, México, and Implications for P’urhépecha Culture During the Preclassic and Postclassic Periods / Diana C. Soria-Caballero, Víctor Hugo Garduño-Monroy, Isabel Israde-Alcántara, Ángel G. Figueroa-Soto, M. Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos, and Nathalie Fagel Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene Lake Chalco Drill Cores (Mexico Basin) / Blas Valero-Garcés, Mona Stockhecke, Socorro Lozano-García, Beatriz Ortega, Margarita Caballero, Peter Fawcett, Josef P. Werne, Erik Brown, Susana Sosa Najera, Kristin Pearthree, David McGee, Alastair G. E. Hodgetts, and Rodrigo Martínez Submarine Groundwater Discharge as a Catalyst for Eodiagenetic Carbonate Cements Within Marine Sedimentary Basins / Elizabeth H. Gierlowski-Kordesch, Gar W. Rothwell, Ruth A. Stockey, and David B. Finkelstein Part V South America Reconstructing Paleoenvironmental Conditions Through Integration of Paleogeography, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Mineralogy and Stable Isotope Data of Lacustrine Carbonates: An Example from Early Middle Triassic Strata of Southwest Gondwana, Cuyana Rift, Argentina / C. A. Benavente, A. C. Mancuso, and K. M. Bohacs Part VI Asia Modern Sedimentary Systems of Qinghai Lake / Jiang Zaixing and Liu Chao Freshwater Microbialites in Early Jurassic Fluvial Strata of the Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana Basin, India / Suparna Goswami and Parthasarathi Ghosh Index

Note: Aktualisierte Fassung der am 19. Oktober 1984 bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR verteidigten Dissertation B , Zusammenfassungen Vorbemerkungen Legende, verwendet für Abbildungen und teilweise Tabellen 1. Afrika 1.1. Präkambrium 1.1.1. Archaische Kratone 1.1.1.1. Simbabwe-Kraton 1.1.1.2. Kaapvaal-Kraton 1.1.1.3. Limpopo-Provinz 1.1.2. Archaische Epikratonbecken 1.1.2.1. Pongola-Supergruppe 1.1.2.2. Witwatersrand-Triade 1.1.3. Altproterozoische Epikratonbecken der Transvaal-Supergruppe 1.1.3.1. Wolkberg-Gruppe 1.1.3.2. Black-Reef-Gruppe 1.1.3.3. Dolomit-/Ghaap-Gruppe 1.1.3.4. Pretoria-/Griquatown-Gruppe 1.1.4. Tektonik der Epikratonbecken (bis vor 2.000 Mill.J.) 1.1.4.1. Tektonischer Bau des Gesamtbeckens 1.1.4.2. Tektonischer Bau am Südrand 1.1.4.3. Bushveld-Magmatitkomplex 1.1.5. Mittelproterozoische Epikratonbecken 1.1.5.1. Waterberg-Gruppe (Kaapvaal-Kraton) 1.1.5.2. Umkondo-Gruppe (Simbabwe-Kraton) 1.1.6. Namaqua-Natal-Mobilgürtel 1.1.7. Jungproterozoische Akkumulationsgebiete 1.1.7.1. Geosynklinalentwicklung 1.1.7.2. Tafelentwicklung 1.1.8. Panafrikanische Tektogenese 1.1.8.1. Geosynklinalgebiete 1.1.8.2. Aktivierungsgebiete (Mozambique Belt) 1.2. Phanerozoikum 1.2.1. Cape-Supergruppe 1.2.1.1. Tafelberg-/Natal-Gruppe 1.2.1.2. Bokkeveld-Gruppe 1.2.1.3. Witteberg-Gruppe 1.2.2. Karroo-Supergruppe 1.2.2.1. Dwyka-Gruppe 1.2.2.1.1. Great Karroo Basin 1.2.2.1.2. Übrige Gebiete 1.2.2.1.3. Paläogeographie 1.2.2.2. Ecca-Gruppe und Upper-Dwyka shales 1.2.2.2.1. Great Karroo Basin 1.2.2.2.2. Übrige Gebiete 1.2.2.2.3. Paläogeographie 1.2.2.3. Beaufort-Gruppe 1.2.2.3.1. Great Karroo Basin 1.2.2.3.2. Übrige Gebiete 1.2.2.3.3. Paläogeographie 1.2.2.4. Untere Stormberg-Gruppe 1.2.2.4.1. Great Karroo Basin 1.2.2.4.2. Übrige Gebiete 1.2.2.4.3. Paläogeographie 1.2.2.5. Obere Stormberg-Gruppe 1.2.2.5.1. Great Karroo Basin 1.2.2.5.2. Libombos 1.2.2.5.3. Nuanetsi-Magmatitkomplex 1.2.2.5.4. Übrige Gebiete 1.2.2.5.5. Magmatische Provinzen 1.2.2.6. Cape-Tektogenese 1.2.3. Postkarroo 1.2.3.1. Kreide 1.2.3.2. Känozoikum 1.2.3.3. Tektonisches Regime 2. Antarktika 2.1. Ostantarktischer Kraton 2.1.1. Kristallines Fundament 2.1.1.1. Enderby Land 2.1.1.2. Dronning Maud Land 2.1.1.3. Shackleton Range 2.1.1.4. Transantarktisches Gebirge 2.1.2. Präriphäische Epikratonentwicklung 2.1.3. Riphäische Epikratonentwicklung 2.2. Mobilgürtel des Transantarktischen Gebirges 2.2.1. Geosynklinalentwicklung 2.2.1.1. Riphäikum 2.2.1.2. Kambrium -- Ordovizium 2.2.2. Tektogene Entwicklung 2.2.3. Subsequenter Magmatismus 2.3. Tafelentwicklung der Beacon-Supergruppe 2.3.1. Sedimente 2.3.1.1. Präglaziale Sedimente 2.3.1.2. Glaziale Sedimente 2.3.1.3. Permische Postglazialsedimente 2.3.1.4. Triassische Postglazialsedimente 2.3.2. Ferrar-Magmatite 2.3.3. Tektogene Entwicklung 2.4. Westantarktika 3. Regionalgeologischer Vergleich zwischen südlichem Afrika und Antarktika 3.1. Präriphäikum 3.2. Tektogenetische Beanspruchungen zwischen 2.000 und 900 Mill.J. 3.3. Riphäikum 3.3.1. Geosynklinalentwicklung 3.3.2. Tafelentwicklung 3.4. Panafrikanische bzw. Beardmore-Tektogenese 3.5. Kambrium bis Unteres Ordovizium 3.6. Karroo- bzw. Beacon-Supergruppe 3.6.1. Präglazialablagerungen 3.6.2. Permokarbonische Glazialablagerungen 3.6.3. Postglazialablagerungen 3.6.4. Cape-Weddell-Faltung 3.6.5. Jurassischer Tafelmagmatismus 4. Position von Afrika und Antarktika im Gondwana-Superkontinent 4.1. Bedeutung des Falkland-/Malwinen-Plateau 4.2. Rekonstruktionsversuch 5. Schlußfolgerungen Literatur

Note: Gekürzte Fassung der am 19. September 1984 bei der Akadademie der Wissenschaften der DDR verteidigten Dissertation B , 1. Die Definition der Zeiteinheit und die Bereitstellung von Zeitskalen 1.1. Zeitpunkt und Zeitintervall 1.2. Definition der Zeiteinheit 1.3. Vergleich zwischen astronomischer und quantenphysikalischer Definition 1.4. Zeitskalen 1.4.1. Astronomische Zeitskalen 1.4.2. Atomzeitskalen 1.4.2.1. Internationale Atomzeit TAI 1.4.2.2. Koordinierte Weltzeit UTC 1.4.3. Normalzeit der DDR 1.4.4. Einfluß relativistischer Effekte auf Zeitskalen 2. Anforderungen moderner geodätischer Meßverfahren an die Zeit- und Frequenzmeßtechnik 2.1. Aufgaben der Geodäsie und ihre meßtechnische Lösung 2.2. Betrachtung der einzelnen Meßverfahren 2.2.1. Elektronische Verfahren zur terrestrischen Entfernungsmessung 2.2.1.1. Meßprinzip 2.2.1.1.1. Phasenmeßverfahren 2.2.1.1.2. Impulsmeßverfahren 2.2.1.2. Anforderungen an die Zeitintervall- und Frequenzmaßtechnik 2.2.2. Laserentfernungsmessung zu Satelliten 2.2.2.1. Meßprinzip 2.2.2.2. Forderungen an Zeitintervallmessung, Zeitpunktbestimmung und Frequenz 2.2.2.2.1. Zeitintervallmessung 2.2.2.2.2. Zeitpunktbestimmung 2.2.2.2.3. Frequenz 2.2.3. DOPPLER-Messungen zu Satelliten 2.2.3.1. Meßprinzip 2.2.3.2. Fehlereinfluß von Frequenz- und Zeitpunktmessung 2.2.4. Radiointerferometrie mit langer Basis (VLBI) 2.2.4.1. Meßprinzip 2.2.4.2. Anforderungen an Frequenzstabilität und Uhrensynchronisation 2.2.5. Satelliten-Radiointerferometrie 2.2.5.1. Das GPS-System als mögliche Basis 2.2.5.2. Meßverfahren zur Koordinaten- und Koordinatendifferenzbestimmung 2.2.5.2.1. Entfernungsmessung 2.2.5.2.2. DOPPLER-Verfahren 2.2.5.2.3. Interferometrische Verfahren 2.2.5.2.3.1. Direkte Verwendung der Satellitensignale 2.2.5.2.3.2. Verwendung zusätzlich ausgestrahlter kontinuierlicher Frequenzen 2.2.5.2.3.3. Verwendung des rekonstruierten Trägers 2.2.5.3. Vergleich der Leistungsfähigkeit der Meßverfahren 2.2.5.3.1. Positionsbestimmung 2.2.5.3.2. Basislinienbestimmung 2.2.5.4. Fehlereinfluß der Zeit- und Frequenznormale 2.2.5.4.1. Einfluß der Satellitenfrequenznormale 2.2.5.4.2. Einfluß der Empfängerfrequenznormale 2.2.6. Absolutwertbestimmung der Fallbeschleunigung mit Fall- und Wurfmethoden 2.2.6.1. Meßprinzip 2.2.6.2. Anforderungen an die Zeitintervalltechnik 2.3. Bedeutung der Meßgrößen Zeitpunkt, Zeitintervall und Frequenz in geodätischen Meßverfahren 2.4. Zusammmenstellung der Anforderungen moderner geodätischer Meßverfahren an die Messung von Zeitpunkt, Zeitintervall und Frequenz 3. Verfahren der Zeit- und Frequenzmaßtechnik zur Realisierung der Anforderungen moderner geodätischer Meßverfahren 3.1. Realisierung von Zeit- und Frequenznormalen 3.1.1. Quarzstabilisierte Frequenznormale 3.1.2. Atomfrequenznormale 3.1.2.1. Physikalisches Prinzip 3.1.2.1.1. Wechselwirkung zwischen Strahlung und Materie 3.1.2.1.2. Atomspektren und ZEEMAN-Effekt 3.1.2.2. Technische Realisierung 3.1.2.2.1. Prinzipielle Lösung 3.1.2.2.2. Praktische Ausführung 3.1.2.2.2.1. Cs-Resonator 3.1.2.2.2.2. H-Maser 3.1.2.2.2.3. Rb-Gaszelle 3.1.2.3. Grenzen der Leistungsfähigkeit gegenwärtiger Atomfrequenznormale 3.1.2.4. Tendenzen der Weiterentwicklung 3.1.2.4.1. Verbesserungen und neue Konzeptionen im Mikrowellenbereich 3.1.2.4.2. Neue Frequenznormale im optischen Bereich 3.1.2.4.3. Zusammenstellung der erreichten Leistungsparameter Absolutgenauigkeit und Stabilität 3.1.2.5. Metrologische Bedeutung der Atomfrequenznormale 3.1.3. Oszillatoren mit supraleitendem Resonator 3.1.4. Kriterien zur Kennzeichnung der Instabilität von Frequenznormalen 3.1.4.1. Modell für das Signal eines Oszillators 3.1.4.2. Kennzeichnung der Frequenzinstabilität im Zeitbereich 3.1.4.2.1. Wahre Varianz 3.1.4.2.2. Zwei-Proben-Varianz 3.1.4.3. Kennzeichnung der Frequenzinstabilität im Frequenzbereich 3.1.4.4. Zusammenhang zwischen den Maßen der Frequenzinstabilität im Zeit- und Frequenzbereich 3.1.4.5. Meßverfahren zur Bestimmung der Frequenzinstabilität 3.1.5. Fehlereinfluß der Frequenznormale bei der Approximation von Zeitskalen 3.2. Verfahren zur Verbreitung und zum Vergleich von Zeitskalen 3.2.1. Zeitzeichensendungen terrestrischer Sender in den verschiedenen Frequenzbereichen 3.2.1.1. Zeitzeichensendungen im Längstwellenbereich 3.2.1.2. Zeitzeichensendungen im Langwellenbereich 3.2.1.2.1. Sender mit kontinuierlicher Trägerwelle 3.2.1.2.2. Sender mit nichtkontinuierlichem Träger LORAN C 3.2.1.3. Zeitzeichensendungen im Kurzwellenbereich 3.2.2. Zeitskalenvergleich durch Atomuhrentransport 3.2.3. Verwendung von Fernsehsendern und Richtfunkstrecken 3.2.4. Satellitenverfahren 3.2.4.1. Einwegverfahren 3.2.4.1.1. Verwendung von Satelliten ohne Zeitnormale 3.2.4.1.2. Verwendung von Satelliten mit Zeitnormalen 3.2.4.2. Zweiwegverfahren 3.2.4.3. Zusammenstellung durchgeführter Satellitenexperimente 3.2.4.3.1. Einwegverfahren 3.2.4.3.2. Zweiwegverfahren 3.2.4.4. Zusammenfassung 3.3. Vergleich und Übertragung von Normalfrequenz 3.3.1. Normalfrequenzübertragung über Rundfunksender 3.3.2. Normalfrequenzübertragung über das Fernsehnetz 3.3.2.1. Verwendung der Zeilensynchronimpulse des Fernsehsignals 3.3.2.2. Normalfrequenzübertragung mittels Farbträgersubfrequenz bzw. Übertragung von 1-MHz-Schwingungen in Austastlücken 3.3.3. Normalfrequenzübertragung über Satelliten 3.3.4. Normalfrequenzvergleiche über Zeitimpulse 3.4. Verfahren zur Zeitintervallmessung 3.4.1. Erfassung zeitsignifikanter Punkte 3.4.2. Ausmessung eines definierten Zeitintervalls 3.4.3. Interpolationsverfahren zur Erhöhung der Auflösung 3.4.3.1. Digitale Interpolation 3.4.3.2. Analoge Interpolation 4. Zusammenfassende Darstellung von Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der elektronischen Zeit- und Frequenzmeßtechnik 4.1. Frequenznormale 4.2. Internationale Zeitskalenvergleiche 4.3. Internationale Frequenzvergleiche 4.4. Territoriale Normalfrequenzbereitstellung 4.5. Messung kurzer Zeitintervalle 5. Einschätzung des Einflusses der Zeit- und Frequenzmeßtechnik auf die Leistungsfähigkeit moderner geodätischer Meßverfahren 6. Literaturverzeichnis

Note: A. A test for the Marussi condition. B. On the evaluation of the numerical amount of the residual term of the solution of the geodetic boundary value problem. C. The solution of the first mixed boundary value problem of the geodesy as an optimal method for the computation of the altimetrygravimetry problem. D. Gravity disturbances as boundary values on the surface of the Earth. E. A proof of the convergence of the spherical - harmonics series development of a potential exterior of a regular surface by the completeness of the system of the base functions at the surface.

Note: 1. Die Untersuchung bekannter Astasierungen 1.1. Die Aufgabe der Seismometrie und die Beziehung der Astasierung zu ihr 1.2. Die Auffassung von einer Astasierung bei Pendeln und Seismographen im historischen Überblick 1.3. Übliche Darstellungen mechanisch astasierter Seismographen 1.4. Astasierung bei geregelten elektronischen Seismographen 1.5. Grenzen bekannter Astasierungen 1.6. Erkenntnisse zum physikalischen Verständnis der Astasierung 1.7. Die Konsequenz dieser Erkenntnisse 2. Der dynamisch astasierte Seismograph 2.1. Die genäherte Übertragungsfunktion der Konfiguration HP2-HP1 2.2. Abschätzungen zur Stabilität 2.3. Untersuchung der Parametereinflüsse in der vollen Übertragungsfunktion mittels Rechnermodellierung 2.4. Vorschläge für technische Ausführungen dynamisch astasierter Seismographen 2.5. Modellierung auf einem Mikrorechner als Realisierungshilfe 3. Zum allgemeinen Anwendungsbereich des dynamisch astasierten mechanischen Schwingers 3.1. Anwendungskategorien 3.2. Rückschau und Ausblick Literatur

Note: Zusammenfassung Summary резюме 1. Einleitung (H. Montag) 2. Das Bahnprogrammsystem POTSDAM-5 zur Analyse der Meßdaten (G. Gendt) 2.1. Verwendete Konstanten und Parameter 2.2. Realisierung der Referenzsysteme 2.2.1. Realisierung des Inertialsystems 2.2.2. Realisierung des terrestrischen Referenzsystems 2.2.3. Zusammenfassung der Transformationen 2.3. Positionen von Mond und Sonne 2.4. Reduktion der Laserentfernungsmessungen 2.5. Numerische Integration der Satellitenbewegungsgleichung und der Variationsgleichungen 2.6. Berechnung der auf den Satelliten wirkenden Beschleunigungen 2.6.1. Darstellung der Gravitation der Erde 2.6.2. Gravitation von Mond und Sonne 2.6.3. Gezeiten der festen Erde 2.6.4. Meeresgezeiten 2.6.5. Nichtgravitative Störungen 2.7. Berechnung der partiellen Ableitungen 2.1.1. Partielle Ableitungen für Bahnparameter 2.7.2. Partielle Ableitungen für Stations- und Polkoordinaten sowie Zeit und Erdrotation 2.7.3. Partielle Ableitungen für geodynamische Parameter 2.8. Parameterschätzung 3. Datenbereitstellung und Archivierung von Laserdaten 3.1. Datenbereitstellung (K. Kurth) 3.2. Archivierung von Laserdaten (K. Kurth) 3.3. Methode zur Berechnung von Normalpunkten aus Laserentfernungsmessungen (W. Korth) 4. Ergebnisse 4.1. Stationskoordinaten (R. Dietrich) 4.1.1. Bedeutung 4.1.2. Berechnung der Stationskoordinaten 4.1.3. Genauigkeit der Koordinaten 4.1.4. Weiterführende Untersuchungen zu zeitlichen Änderungen der Stationskoordinaten 4.2. Ergebnisse der Bestimmung von Erdrotationsparametern (H. Montag) 4.2.1. Allgemeine Betrachtungen 4.2.2. Ergebnisse für Polkoordinaten und Tageslängen 5. Vergleich mit anderen Lösungen und Wertung der Ergebnisse (H. Montag) 5.1. Vergleich der Ergebnisse verschiedener Analysenzentren für Laserentfernungsmessungen zu künstlichen Erdsatelliten 5.2. Vergleich der Ergebnisse verschiedener Methoden 5.3. Einschätzung der Ergebnisse und Schlußfolgerungen Literaturverzeichnis Anhang: Tabellen 9 - 12

Note: vollständige Fassung der am 6. November 1984 bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR verteidigte Dissertation A , 1. Einleitung 2. Zur Formalisierung fernerkundungsspezifischer Erkennungsprozesse 2.1. Das Vektorkonzept in der Fernerkundung 2.2. Stochastisch überwachte Erkennung 2.3. Physikalisch überwachte Erkennung 2.3.1. Fachspezifische und Fernerkundungsspezifische Objektmerkmale 2.3.2. Induktive und deduktive Modelle bei der physikalisch überwachten Erkennung 2.3.3. Vorschlag für ein Formalisierungsprinzip im Rahmen des physikalisch-überwachten Erkennungskonzeptes 2.3.4. Verfahren zur Merkmalsextraktion 3. Schaffung der experimentellen Voraussetzungen 3.1. Anforderungen an die Messung des spektralen gerichteten Remissionskoeffizienten 3.1.1. Anforderungen aus den speziellen Beleuchtungsbedingungen einer natürlichen Szene 3.1.2. Anforderungen aus speziellen Objekteigenschaften 3.2. Stand der experimentellen Gerätetechnik 3.3. Realisierung der experimentellen Voraussetzungen 3.4. Eigenschaften des Feldspektrometers BSP-83 3.4.1. Meßaufbau und -methoden 3.4.2. Spektralkanäle und Bandbreiten 3.4.3. Stabilität des Meßsignals 3.4.4. Öffnungswinkel des Bodenobjektivs und Indikatrix der Streuscheibe 3.4.5. Zeitlicher Ablauf des Meßvorganges 3.4.6. Bestimmung des Verstärkungsverhältnisses 4. Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Feldexperimente 1982/1983 4.1. Allgemeine methodische Grundlagen 4.2. Festlegung der Untersuchungsobjekte und Testgebiete 4.3. Auswahl der fachspezifischen Merkmale sowie der Störparameter 4.4. Aufstellung des Versuchsplanes 5. Aufbereitung der Meßdaten 5.1. Datenübernahme und Vorverarbeitung 5.2. Datenspeicherung 5.3. Statistische Datenanalyse 5.3.1. Faktorenanalyse 5.3.2. Varianzanalyse 5.3.3. Regressions- und Korrelationsanalyse 5.3.4. Diskriminanzanalyse 6. Auswertung und Ergebnisse der Feldexperimente 1982/83 6.1. Ergebnisse der Meßperiode 1982 6.2. Ergebnisse der Meßperiode 1983 6.3. Ergebnisse der Radiometermessungen 7. Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerungen 8. Literaturverzeichnis

Note: Zugl.: Potsdam, Akad. der Wiss. der DDR, FB Geo- und Kosmoswiss., Zentralinst. für Physik der Erde, Diss. A, 1986 , Liste der verwendeten Formelzeichen Summary резюме Zusammenfassung 1. Wozu Kenntnis und Darstellung des Gravitationsfeldes? 2. Verschiedene Ziele - verschiedene Darstellungsformen für das Gravitationsfeld 2.1. Zum Begriff "Darstellung" 2.2. Anforderungen an die Darstellung 2.3. Einige häufig genutzte Darstellungsformen 2.3.1. Kollokation als direkte Darstellungsform 2.3.2. Integralformeln 2.3.3. Quellendarstellung 2.3.4. Kugelfunktionsentwicklung 2.3.5. Multipole 2.3.6. Modell einer einfachen Massenschicht 2.3.7. Samplingfunktionen 2.3.8. Finite Elemente 2.3.9. Spline - Funktionen 2.3.10. Harmonische Kernfunktionen 2.3.11. Multiquadratische Methode 2.3.12. DIRAC - Impulsmethode nach Bjerhammar 2.4. Die Darstellung des Gravitationsfeldes durch Punktmassen 2.4.1. Verschiedene Zugänge - Beziehungen zu anderen Darstellungsformen 2.4.2. Bisherige praktische Anwendungen 2.4.3. Potentielle Möglichkeiten der Punktmassendarstellung 3. Punktmassenapproximation mit automatischer Optimierung der Orte der Massen 3.1. Punktmassenpotentiale als Basissystem im Hilbertraum 3.1.1. Einige Definitionen aus der Funktionalanalysis 3.1.2. Vollständigkeit der Punktmassenpotentiale 3.1.3. Lineare Unabhängigkeit 3.2. Ausarbeitung eines Approximationsalgorithmus' 3.2.1. Formulierung des Algorithmus' 3.2.2. Wahl des Skalarprodukts/Skalarprodukt zweier Punktmassenpotentiale 3.2.2.1. Das Skalarprodukt ... für Punktmassenpotentiale in Abhängigkeit vom Ort der Punktmassen 3.2.2.2. Das Skalarprodukt ... für Punktmassenpotentiale in Abhängigkeit vom Ort der Punktmassen 3.2.2.3. Diskussion der beiden Skalarprodukte 3.2.3. Die Bestimmung des Anfangsortes jeder neuen Punktmasse 3.3. Diskussion des Algorithmus' 3.3.1. Zur Auswahl der N-ten Punktmasse aus der Menge E³\Q 3.3.2. Abschätzung der Quasiorthogonalität - Wahl des Normalfeldes 3.3.3. Einige Überlegungen zur Konvergenz des Algorithmus' 3.3.4. Einige Bemerkungen zur Anwendung des SCHMIDTschen Orthonormalisierungeverfahrens auf Punktmassenpotentiale 3.3.5. Anwendbarkeit des Algorithmus' auf andere Approximationsaufgaben 3.4. Darstellung des Normalpotentials durch Punktmassen 4. Numerische Realisierung des Algorithmus' 4.1. Simulation der zu approximierenden Randwerte 4.2. Praktische Bestimmung der Startwerte für die Punktmassenpositionen 4.3. Die Bestimmung der Massen für vorgegebene Orte 4.4. Die Verbesserung der Punktmassenpositionen ausgehend von Näherungswerten 4.4.1. Lösung des nichtlinearen Problems 4.4.2. Regularisierung 4.4.3. Berechnung der Zuschläge in sphärischen Koordinaten 4.5. Zur Berechnung von Modellen gleichmäßig verteilter Punktmassen 4.6. Maßnahmen zur Rechenzeiteinsparung 4.6.1. Reduzierung der Zahl der in jedem Schritt zu optimierenden Punktmassen 4.6.2. Reduzierung der Zahl der in jedem Schritt einbezogenen Randwerte 4.7. Der Algorithmus als Kernstück des Programms PUMA 4.7.1. Endgültige, praxisbezogene Formulierung des Algorithmus' 4.7.2. Möglichkeiten des Programms PUMA zur Berechnung von Punktmassenmodellen 5. Ableitung und Test von Punktmassenmodellen/Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.1. Berechnung der Punktmassenmodelle 5.1.1. Welche Modelle wurden berechnet? 5.1.2. Numerische Stabilität der Lösungen 5.1.3. Verringerung der Zahl der verwendeten Randwerte 5.2. Approximationsgenauigkeit/Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit 5.2.1. Quasiorthogonalität und Einfluß des Parameters Nε 5.2.2. Vergleich der Approximation der beiden Sätze von Randwerten 5.2.3. Vergleich mit gleichverteilten Punktmassen und Kugelfunktionsentwicklung 5.3. Vergleich der Spektren von Punktmassenmodellen und approximiertem Modell GEM 10 5.3.1. Gesamtmasse und Kugelfunktionskoeffizienten niedrigen Grades 5.3.2. Vergleich der Gradvarianzen / die Spektren der Restfehler 5.4. Test der Punktmassenmodelle durch Satellitenbahnberechnung 6. Resümee Literaturverzeichnis

Note: Contents Part I Defining the Problem 1 Introduction 1.1 A Comment on the Guide 1.2 If You Are Studying for a PhD 1.3 If You Are a PhD Supervisor or PhD Course Coordinator 1.4 If You Are a Concerned Friend or Family Member References 2 Challenging Perceptions: What Is Mental Health Anyway? 2.1 The Mental Health Continuum 2.2 Barriers to Seeking Help 2.3 Recognising the Signs 2.4 Helping Others 2.5 What Mental Health Isn’t 2.6 To Declare or Not to Declare?: That Is the Question References 3 Setting the Scene: Understanding the PhD Mental Health Crisis 3.1 Exploring the Data 3.2 What Is the Cause? 3.3 Research Culture 3.4 The Ups and Downs of the PhD Journey 3.5 There Is Hope References Part II Mindset Matters 4 Self-Care: Without You There Is No PhD 4.1 Setting the Foundations 4.2 Establishing a Good Sleep Schedule 4.3 Eat Nutritious Food 4.4 Physical Exercise 4.5 Managing Finances 4.6 Examples of Self-Care 4.7 Putting Self-Care in Context of a PhD 4.8 Acknowledging There May Be a Problem: Addiction 4.9 Setting Boundaries 4.10 What to Do If You Reach Burnout 4.11 Navigating Self-Care as a Part-Time PhD Student References 5 Not Another Yoga Session: University Wellbeing Programs and Why They so Often Miss the Mark 5.1 Reactive Not Proactive 5.2 Trying Something New 5.3 Building Resilience 5.4 The Darker Side of Resilience References 6 “I’ll Read It Later” and Other Lies We Tell Ourselves: Managing Expectations and Guilt 6.1 Starting Out 6.2 Changing the World 6.3 Planning Your PhD 6.4 You Are Entitled to (and Deserve) Breaks 6.5 Becoming an Expert 6.6 First Time Failing 6.7 Be Grateful (or Else) 6.8 Productivity and Time Management 6.9 Prioritising References 7 Why You Earned It: Fighting the Impostor 7.1 Understanding the Value You Bring 7.2 Receiving Recognition 7.3 Receiving Critique 7.4 Comparing Yourself With Others 7.5 Asking for Help 7.6 Redefining Your Self-Worth 7.7 Perfectionism 7.8 Email ‘Anxiety’ 7.9 Presentation Nerves 7.10 Fighting Back 7.11 Discriminatory Gaslighting References Part III Environmental Stressors 8 Dismantling the Ivory Tower: Systemic Issues That Might Impact Your Mental Health 8.1 The Ivory Tower 8.2 Systemic Racism 8.3 Gender Discrimination 8.4 Sexual Harassment 8.5 Bullying 8.6 LGBT+ Discrimination 8.7 Being “First Generation” 8.8 Classism 8.9 Financial Concerns 8.10 Ableism, Disability and Neurodivergence 8.11 Ageism 8.12 Isolation and Culture Shock 8.13 A Comment on Intersectionality 8.14 Changing the Research Culture 8.15 In the Meantime, What Can You Do? 8.16 Finding Light in a Dark Place References 9 Perhaps It’s Not You It’s Them: PhD Student-Supervisor Relationships 9.1 Choosing Your Supervisor 9.2 The Role of a PhD Supervisor 9.3 Understanding What Makes a Supportive Supervisor 9.4 At Odds 9.5 The Flaw in the System 9.6 Identifying Your Supervisor’s Working Style 9.7 Pervasive, Damaging Biases 9.8 When Things Go Seriously Wrong (and It Is Definitely not Your Fault) 9.9 What You Can Do If Your Supervisor Is Abusive 9.10 Effective Communication 9.11 What to Do if You Have a Disagreement References 10 Publish or Perish: On the Myth of Meritocracy 10.1 It Is Not an Equal Playing Field 10.2 The Publication Process 10.3 Managing Reviewer 2 10.4 Publishing Options 10.5 Who Is Perishing, Anyway? 10.6 Perfectionism 10.7 Writing Your Thesis 10.8 Research Misconduct 10.9 What to Do if You Realise Research Misconduct Is Happening References 11 The High-Walled Rose Garden: Understanding There Is Life Outside the Academy 11.1 So What Does This Mean for You and Surviving Your PhD? 11.2 Finding Out What You Truly Enjoy 11.3 Reframing Your Skillsets 11.4 Transitioning from Your PhD 11.5 Debunking the Myths 11.6 Should I Stay or Should I Go? References Part IV Seeking Help 12 Thriving, Not Just Surviving 12.1 Identifying the Problem Set 12.2 Sharing the Hypothesis with Others 12.3 Conversation Starters 12.4 Finding a Support Network 12.5 Online Communities 12.6 Speaking About Your Mental Health with Your PhD Superviso 12.7 Lack of Understanding 12.8 Seeking External Assistance to Achieve Your Goal 12.9 If You Are at Crisis Point 12.10 The Elephant in the Room 12.11 Leading the Change 12.12 Not Just Surviving References Resources

Note: Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Part I: The Need for Diversity Management Chapter 1 - The Business Case for Diversity Chapter 2 - Introduction to Diversity Measurement Part II: The Diversity Return-on-Investment (DROI) Process Chapter 3 - Introduction to the Diversity ROI Process Chapter 4 - Planning and Collecting Data Chapter 5 - Evaluating Diversity's Contribution Chapter 6 - Track and Assess Progress Part III: Building a Diversity Scorecard Chapter 7 - Basic Diversity Scorecard Components Chapter 8 - Diversity Leadership Commitment Perspective Chapter 9 - Workforce Profile Perspective Chapter 10 - Workplace Culture/Climate Perspective Chapter 11 - Learning and Growth Perspective Chapter 12 - Diverse Customer/Community Partnership Perspective Chapter 13 - Financial Impact Perspective Chapter 14 - Building Your Diversity Scorecard Part IV: Implementation Issues Chapter 15 - Achieving Strategic Alignment from Top to Bottom Chapter 16 - Implementing the Diversity Scorecard Process Appendix A - Hubbard Diversity Measurement and Productivity (DM&P) Institute: Creating Applied Sciences for Measuring Diversity Performance and Results Index About the Author

Note: Contents Volume 1 Part I Natural Science Basics 1 Introduction into Physical Oceanography / Rebecca Hummels 2 Ecological Organization of the Sea / Birte Matthiessen, Franziska Julie Werner, and Matthias Paulsen 3 Marine Ecosystem Services / Markus Salomon and Henriette Dahms Part II Impacts of Sectoral Marine Activities 4 Impact of Fishing Activities on Marine Life / Gerd Kraus and Rabea Diekmann 5 Mariculture / Thomas A. Wilding, Kenneth D. Black, Steven Benjamins, and Iona Campbell 6 Shipping / Alan Simcock 7 Impacts of Coastal Developments on Ecosystems / Christian Winter 8 Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Transportation / Stanislav Patin 9 Exploitation of Offshore Wind Energy / Jens Lüdeke 10 Dredging for Navigation, for Environmental Cleanup, and for Sand/Aggregates / Craig Vogt, Eugene Peck, and Gregory Hartman 11 Environmental Risks of Deep-sea Mining / Philip P. E. Weaver, David S. M. Billett, and Cindy L. Van Dover 12 Dumped Chemical Weapons / Jacek Bełdowski 13 Marine Climate Engineering / David P. Keller Part III Impacts of Land-Based Activities 14 Agriculture / Oene Oenema, Qian Liu, and Jingmeng Wang 15 Land-Based Industries / Elisabeth Schmid 16 Land-Based Wastewater Management / Stephan Koester 17 Tourism / Alan Simcock Part IV Pollution from Diffuse Sources 18 Climate Change: Warming Impacts on Marine Biodiversity / Helmut Hillebrand, Thomas Brey, Julian Gutt, Wilhelm Hagen, Katja Metfies, Bettina Meyer, and Aleksandra Lewandowska 19 Ocean Acidification / Peter Thor and Sam Dupont 20 Pollution with Hazardous Substances / Katja Broeg and Norbert Theobald 21 Pollution with Radioactive Substances / Hartmut Nies 22 Eutrophication / Justus E. E. van Beusekom 23 Marine Litter / Stefanie Werner and Aleke Stöfen O’Brien 24 Input of Energy/Underwater Sound / Olaf Boebel, Elke Burkhardt, and Ilse van Opzeeland 25 Introduction of Non-indigenous Species / Ralph Kuhlenkamp and Britta Kind Volume 2 Part V Social Drivers, Developments, and Perspectives of Increasing Ocean Uses 26 A Short History of the Use of Seas and Oceans / Sunhild Kleingärtner 27 Factors Behind Increasing Ocean Use: The IPAT Equation and the Marine Environment / Troels J. Hegland Part VI General Aspects of Management and Governance of Human Activities 28 Challenges and Foundations of Sustainable Ocean Governance / Till Markus 29 Institutional Framework for Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh 30 International Principles of Marine Environmental Protection / Gerd Winter 31 Overview of Management Strategies and Instruments / Carolin Kieß 32 Future Prospects of Marine Environmental Governance / Pradeep Singh and Aline Jaeckel Part VII Traditional Marine Management Topics 33 The International Legal Framework for Conservation and Management of Fisheries and Marine Mammals / Andrew Serdy 34 Aqua- and Mariculture Management: A Holistic Perspective on Best Practices / Marc H. Taylor and Lotta C. Kluger 35 Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation / Henning Jessen 36 Sustainable Shipping / Ciarán McCarthy and Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 37 Management of Hazardous Substances in the Marine Environment / Mikael Karlsson and Michael Gilek 38 Origin and Management of Radioactive Substances in the Marine Environment / Hartmut Nies 39 Waste/Litter and Sewage Management / Aleke Stöfen-O’Brien and Stefanie Werner 40 Coastal and Ocean Tourism / Stefan Gössling, C. Michael Hall, and Daniel Scott Part VIII Emerging Management Topics 41 The Greening of Ports / Bénédicte Sage-Fuller 42 Offshore Windfarms / Greg Severinsen 43 Wave and Tidal Energy / Kate Johnson and Sandy Kerr 44 Deep-Seabed Mining / Philomene Verlaan 45 Marine Biodiversity: Opportunities for Global Governance and Management Coherence / Daniela Diz 46 Marine Protected Areas: Global Framework, Regional MPA Networks and a National Example / Henning von Nordheim 47 Marine Environmental Protection and Climate Change / Birgit Peters 48 Management of Non-indigenous Species and Invasive Alien Species / Wolfgang Köck and Bjørn-Oliver Magsig 49 Integrating Sectoral Ocean Policies / Markus Salomon and Miriam Dross 50 Marine Scientific Research / Anna-Maria Hubert 51 An Emerging Environmental Issue: Marine Discharge of Mine Tailings / Craig Vogt and Jens Skei 52 Managing and Regulating Underwater Noise Pollution / Till Markus and Pedro Pablo Silva Sánchez 53 Marine Geo-Engineering / Harald Ginzky 54 Marine Spatial Planning / Mathias Schubert

Note: Contents 1 Introduction: Limits to Adaptation / Johanna Nalau and Walter Leal Filho Part I Limits to Climate Change Adaptation in Asia 2 Strategies and Barriers to Adaptation of Hazard-Prone Rural Households in Bangladesh / G. M. Monirul Alam, Khorshed Alam, Shahbaz Mushtaq, Most Nilufa Khatun and Walter Leal Filho 3 Governance Limits to Adaptation in Cambodia’s Health Sector / Daniel Gilfillan 4 Land-Based Strategic Model by Integrating Diverse Policies for Climate Change Adaptation in Nepal / Adish Khezri, Arbind Man Tuladhar and Jaap Zevenbergen 5 Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh: Empirically Derived Lessons and Opportunities for Policy Makers and Practitioners / Johannes Luetz Part II Limits to Climate Change Adaptation in Africa 6 Limits to Climate Change Adaptation in Zimbabwe: Insights, Experiences and Lessons / Nelson Chanza 7 Pastoralists Shifting Strategies and Perceptions of Risk: Post-crisis Recovery in Damergou, Niger / Karen Marie Greenough 8 Political Limits to Climate Change Adaptation Practices: Insights from the Johannesburg Case / Karen Hetz 9 Constraints and Limits to Climate Change Adaptation Efforts in Nigeria / Idowu O. Ologeh, Joshua B. Akarakiri and Francis A. Adesina 10 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Suitability of Banana Crop Production to Future Climate Change Over Uganda / Geoffrey Sabiiti, Joseph Mwalichi Ininda, Laban Ayieko Ogallo, Jully Ouma, Guleid Artan, Charles Basalirwa, Franklin Opijah, Alex Nimusiima, Saul Daniel Ddumba, Jasper Batureine Mwesigwa, George Otieno and Jamiat Nanteza 11 Local Adaptation to Climate Extremes in Domboshawa: Opportunities and Limitations / Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa and Rejoice Madobi Part III Limits to Climate Change Adaptation in Australia, North-America and Europe 12 The Limits of Imagination / Liese Coulter 13 Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal East Arctic Ecosystems: Complexity and Challenges of Monitoring and Evaluation / Moktar Lamari, Line Poulin-Larivière and Johann L. Jacob 14 Limits to Adaptation on Climate Change in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Insights and Experiences / Goran Trbic, Davorin Bajic, Vladimir Djurdjevic, Vladan Ducic, Raduska Cupac, Đorđe Markez, Goran Vukmir, Radoslav Dekić and Tatjana Popov Part IV Limits to Climate Change Adaptation in the Pacific Region 15 Climate Change Adaptation Limits in Small Island Developing States / Stacy-ann Robinson 16 Limits to Coastal Adaptation in Samoa: Insights and Experiences / Richard Crichton and Miguel Esteban 17 Limits to Capital Works Adaptation in the Coastal Zones and Islands: Lessons for the Pacific / Brendan Mackey and Daniel Ware 18 A ‘Cost Barrier’ Perspective to Adaptation on a Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) and Mangrove Rehabilitation Projects (MRP) in Solomon Islands / Michael Otoara Ha’apio, Walter Leal Filho and Morgan Wairiu 19 Customary Land and Climate Change Induced Relocation: A Case Study of Vunidogoloa Village, Vanua Levu, Fiji / Dhrishna Charan, Manpreet Kaur and Priyatma Singh 20 Limits to Adapting to Climate Change Through Relocations in Papua-New Guinea and Fiji / Dalila Gharbaoui and Julia Blocher 21 Atoll Habitability Thresholds / Mark H. N. Stege 22 Conclusions: Overcoming the Limits to Adaptation / Walter Leal Filho and Johanna Nalau

Note: Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Complexity of the Climate System 1.2 Data Exploration, Data Mining and Feature Extraction 1.3 Major Concern in Climate Data Analysis 1.3.1 Characteristics of High-Dimensional Space Geometry 1.3.2 Curse of Dimensionality and Empty Space Phenomena 1.3.3 Dimension Reduction and Latent Variable Models 1.3.4 Some Problems and Remedies in Dimension Reduction 1.4 Examples of the Most Familiar Techniques 2 General Setting and Basic Terminology 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Simple Visualisation Techniques 2.3 Data Processing and Smoothing 2.3.1 Preliminary Checking 2.3.2 Smoothing 2.3.3 Simple Descriptive Statistics 2.4 Data Set-Up 2.5 Basic Notation/Terminology 2.5.1 Centring 2.5.2 Covariance Matrix 2.5.3 Scaling 2.5.4 Sphering 2.5.5 Singular Value Decomposition 2.6 Stationary Time Series, Filtering and Spectra 2.6.1 Univariate Case 2.6.2 Multivariate Case 3 Empirical Orthogonal Functions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Eigenvalue Problems in Meteorology: Historical Perspective 3.2.1 The Quest for Climate Patterns: Teleconnections 3.2.2 Eigenvalue Problems in Meteorology 3.3 Computing Principal Components 3.3.1 Basis of Principal Component Analysis 3.3.2 Karhunen–Loéve Expansion 3.3.3 Derivation of PCs/EOFs 3.3.4 Computing EOFs and PCs 3.4 Sampling, Properties and Interpretation of EOFs 3.4.1 Sampling Variability and Uncertainty 3.4.2 Independent and Effective Sample Sizes 3.4.3 Dimension Reduction 3.4.4 Properties and Interpretation 3.5 Covariance Versus Correlation 3.6 Scaling Problems in EOFs 3.7 EOFs for Multivariate Normal Data 3.8 Other Procedures for Obtaining EOFs 3.9 Other Related Methods 3.9.1 Teleconnectivity 3.9.2 Regression Matrix 3.9.3 Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection 3.9.4 Climate Network-Based Methods 4 Rotated and Simplified EOFs 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Rotation of EOFs 4.2.1 Background on Rotation 4.2.2 Derivation of REOFs 4.2.3 Computing REOFs 4.3 Simplified EOFs: SCoTLASS 4.3.1 Background 4.3.2 LASSO-Based Simplified EOFs 4.3.3 Computing the Simplified EOFs 5 Complex/Hilbert EOFs 5.1 Background 5.2 Conventional Complex EOFs 5.2.1 Pairs of Scalar Fields 5.2.2 Single Field 5.3 Frequency Domain EOFs 5.3.1 Background 5.3.2 Derivation of FDEOFs 5.4 Complex Hilbert EOFs 5.4.1 Hilbert Transform: Continuous Signals 5.4.2 Hilbert Transform: Discrete Signals 5.4.3 Application to Time Series 5.4.4 Complex Hilbert EOFs 5.5 Rotation of HEOFs 6 Principal Oscillation Patterns and Their Extension 6.1 Introduction 6.2 POP Derivation and Estimation 6.2.1 Spatial Patterns 6.2.2 Time Coefficients 6.2.3 Example 6.3 Relation to Continuous POPs 6.3.1 Basic Relationships 6.3.2 Finite Time POPs 6.4 Cyclo-Stationary POPs 6.5 Other Extensions/Interpretations of POPs 6.5.1 POPs and Normal Modes 6.5.2 Complex POPs 6.5.3 Hilbert Oscillation Patterns 6.5.4 Dynamic Mode Decomposition 6.6 High-Order POPs 6.7 Principal Interaction Patterns 7 Extended EOFs and SSA 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Dynamical Reconstruction and SSA 7.2.1 Background 7.2.2 Dynamical Reconstruction and SSA 7.3 Examples 7.3.1 White Noise 7.3.2 Red Noise 7.4 SSA and Periodic Signals 7.5 Extended EOFs or Multivariate SSA 7.5.1 Background 7.5.2 Definition and Computation of EEOFs 7.5.3 Data Filtering and Oscillation Reconstruction 7.6 Potential Interpretation Pitfalls 7.7 Alternatives to SSA and EEOFs 7.7.1 Recurrence Networks 7.7.2 Data-Adaptive Harmonic Decomposition 8 Persistent, Predictive and Interpolated Patterns 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Background on Persistence and Prediction of Stationary Time Series 8.2.1 Decorrelation Time 8.2.2 The Prediction Problem and Kolmogorov Formula 8.3 Optimal Persistence and Average Predictability 8.3.1 Derivation of Optimally Persistent Patterns 8.3.2 Estimation from Finite Samples 8.3.3 Average Predictability Patterns 8.4 Predictive Patterns 8.4.1 Introduction 8.4.2 Optimally Predictable Patterns 8.4.3 Computational Aspects 8.5 Optimally Interpolated Patterns 8.5.1 Background 8.5.2 Interpolation and Pattern Derivation 8.5.3 Numerical Aspects 8.5.4 Application 8.6 Forecastable Component Analysis 9 Principal Coordinates or Multidimensional Scaling 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Dissimilarity Measures 9.3 Metric Multidimensional Scaling 9.3.1 The Problem of Classical Scaling 9.3.2 Principal Coordinate Analysis 9.3.3 Case of Non-Euclidean Dissimilarity Matrix 9.4 Non-metric Scaling 9.5 Further Extensions 9.5.1 Replicated and Weighted MDS 9.5.2 Nonlinear Structure 9.5.3 Application to the Asian Monsoon 9.5.4 Scaling and the Matrix Nearness Problem 10 Factor Analysis 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Factor Model 10.2.1 Background 10.2.2 Model Definition and Terminology 10.2.3 Model Identification 10.2.4 Non-unicity of Loadings 10.3 Parameter Estimation 10.3.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimates 10.3.2 Expectation Maximisation Algorithm 10.4 Factor Rotation 10.4.1 Oblique and Orthogonal Rotations 10.4.2 Examples of Rotation Criteria 10.5 Exploratory FA and Application to SLP Anomalies 10.5.1 Factor Analysis as a Matrix Decomposition Problem 10.5.2 A Factor Rotation 10.6 Basic Difference Between EOF and Factor Analyses 10.6.1 Comparison Based on the Standard Factor Model 10.6.2 Comparison Based on the Exploratory Factor Analysis Model 11 Projection Pursuit 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Definition and Purpose of Projection Pursuit 11.2.1 What Is Projection Pursuit? 11.2.2 Why Projection Pursuit? 11.3 Entropy and Structure of Random Variables 11.3.1 Shannon Entropy 11.3.2 Differential Entropy 11.4 Types of Projection Indexes 11.4.1 Quality of a Projection Index 11.4.2 Various PP Indexes 11.4.3 Practical Implementation 11.5 PP Regression and Density Estimation 11.5.1 PP Regression 11.5.2 PP Density Estimation 11.6 Skewness Modes and Climate Application of PP 12 Independent Component Analysis 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Background and Definition 12.2.1 Blind Deconvolution 12.2.2 Blind Source Separation 12.2.3 Definition of ICA 12.3 Independence and Non-normality 12.3.1 Statistical Independence 12.3.2 Non-normality 12.4 Information-Theoretic Measures 12.4.1 Entropy 12.4.2 Kullback–Leibler Divergence 12.4.3 Mutual Information 12.4.4 Negentropy 12.4.5 Useful Approximations 12.5 Independent Component Estimation 12.5.1 Choice of Objective Function for ICA 12.5.2 Numerical Implementation 12.6 ICA via EOF Rotation and Weather and Climate Application 12.6.1 The Standard Two-Way Problem 12.6.2 Extension to the Three-Way Data 12.7 ICA Generalisation: Independent Subspace Analysis 13 Kernel EOFs 13.1 Background 13.2 Kernel EOFs 13.2.1 Formulation of Kernel EOFs 13.2.2 Practical Details of Kernel EOF Computation 13.2.3 Illustration with Concentric Clusters 13.3 Relation to Other Approaches 13.3.1 Spectral Clustering 13.3.2 Modularity Clustering 13.4 Pre-images in Kernel PCA 13.5 Application to An Atmospheric Model and Reanalyses 13.5.1 Application to a Simplified Atmospheric Model 13.5.2 Application to Reanalyses 13.6 Other Extensions of Kernel EOFs 13.6.1 Extended Kernel EOFs 13.6.2 Kernel POPs 14 Functional and Regularised EOFs 14.1 Functional EOFs 14.2 Functional PCs and Discrete Sampling 14.3 An Example of Functional PCs from Oceanography 14.4 Regularised EOFs 14.4.1 General Setting 14.4.2 Case of Spatial Fields 14.5 Numerical Solution of the Full Regularised EOF Problem 14.6 Application of Regularised EOFs to SLP Anomalies 15 Methods for Coupled Patterns 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Canonical Correlation Analysis 15.2.1 Background 15.2.2 Formulation of CCA 15.2.3 Computational Aspect 15.2.4 Regularised CCA 15.2.5 Use of Correlation Matrices 15.3 Canonical Covariance Analysis 15.4 Redundancy Analysis 15.4.1 Redundancy Index 15.4.2 Redundancy Analysis 15.5 Application: Optimal Lag Between Two Fields and Other Extensions 15.5.1 Application of CCA 15.5.2 Application of Redundancy 15.6 Principal Predictors 15.7 Extension: Functional Smooth CCA 15.7.1 Introduction 15.7.2 Functional Non-smooth CCA and Indeterminacy 15.7.3 Smooth CCA/MCA 15.7.4 Application of SMCA to Space–Time Fields 15.8 Some Points on Coupled Patterns and Multiva

Note: Contents Introduction / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini Part I Data and Methods in Submarine Geomorphology Sidescan Sonar / Ingo Klaucke Multibeam Echosounders / John E. Hughes Clarke Reflection and Refraction Seismic Methods / Gareth J. Crutchley and Heidrun Kopp Quantitative Analyses of Morphological Data / Philippe Blondel Seafloor Sediment and Rock Sampling / Aggeliki Georgiopoulou ROVs and AUVs / Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Katleen Robert, Leigh Marsh, Claudio Lo Iacono, Tim Le Bas and Russell B. Wynn Part II Submarine Landforms and Processes Origin and Geomorphic Characteristics of Ocean Basins / Peter T. Harris and Miles Macmillan-Lawler Drivers of Seafloor Geomorphic Change / Angelo Camerlenghi Shallow Coastal Landforms / Fantina Madricardo and Federica Rizzetto Continental Shelf Landforms / Ruth Durán and Jorge Guillén Submarine Glacial Landforms / Christine L. Batchelor, Julian A. Dowdeswell and Dag Ottesen Submarine Landslides / Joshu Mountjoy and Aaron Micallef Submarine Canyons and Gullies / David Amblas, Silvia Ceramicola, Thomas P. Gerber, Miquel Canals, Francesco L. Chiocci, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Peter T. Harris, Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Steven Y.J. Lai, Galderic Lastras, Claudio Lo Iacono, Aaron Micallef, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Charles K. Paull, Pere Puig and Anna Sanchez-Vidal Submarine Fans and Their Channels, Levees, and Lobes / Mark E. Deptuck and Zoltán Sylvester Contourite Drifts and Associated Bedforms / Ibimina Esentia, Dorrik Stow and Zeinab Smillie Volcanic Islands and Seamounts / Daniele Casalbore Mid-ocean Ridges / Neil C. Mitchell Cold Seep Systems / Silvia Ceramicola, Stéphanie Dupré, Luis Somoza and John Woodside Abyssal Hills and Abyssal Plains / Marie-Helene Cormier and Heather Sloan Oceanic Trenches / Jacob Geersen, David Voelker and Jan H. Behrmann Cold-Water Carbonate Bioconstructions / Claudio Lo Iacono, Alessandra Savini and Daniela Basso Part III Applied Submarine Geomorphology Applied Geomorphology and Geohazard Assessment for Deepwater Development / Roger Moore, Geoff Davis and Oliver Dabson Seabed Mining / Anne Peukert, Sven Petersen, Jens Greinert and François Charlot Fishing Activities / Ferdinand K.J. Oberle, Pere Puig and Jacobo Martín National Programmes: Geomorphological Mapping at Multiple Scales for Multiple Purposes / Terje Thorsnes, Lilja R. Bjarnadóttir, Alexandra Jarna, Nicole Baeten, Gill Scott, Janine Guinan, Xavier Monteys, Dayton Dove, Sophie Green, Joana Gafeira and Alan Stevenson Part IV Conclusion Conclusion / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini Erratum to: Submarine Geomorphology / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini