ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: This book deals with the application of fractal and nonlinear time-series analysis to seismicity and earthquakes within the framework of earthquake prediction research. Emphasis is on theoretical foundations as well as practical implementation and pitfalls to enable readers to conduct their own analyses. The theoretical parts include introductions to fractals and multifractals, the relation between fractal dimension and entropy, the Hurst phenomenon, basic ideas of low-dimensional chaotic dynamics and a roadmap of nonlinear time-series analysis. Practical implementation is discussed in each case and synthetic data sets are analyzed. Fractal methods are applied to landslide and seismicity patterns in space and time, nonlinear analysis is carried out for radon and strain data as well as earthquake intervals. Due to the comprehensive coverage of theoretical background and step-by-step applications, readers of all levels will benefit from this book.

Description / Table of Contents: This book, which is divided into three parts, gives a state-of-the-art report on technical developments in instrumentation and on theoretical advancements in acoustic remote sensing. It explains the utilization of acoustic techniques in studies related to the structure of the lower atmosphere and oceans and discusses various atmospheric and oceanic applications. The potential and limitations of acoustic remote sensing are also described. This book will be useful to researchers, graduate students, and teachers interested in the structure of the atmosphere and oceans.

Description / Table of Contents: This handbook brings together a great deal of new data on the static and dynamic elastic properties of granular and other composite material. The authors are at the very center of today's research and present new and imported theoretical tools that have enabled our current understanding of the complex behavior of rocks.There are three central themes running throughout the presentation: ? Rocks as the prototypical material for defining a class of materials? The PM space model as a useful theoretical construct for developing a phenomenology? A sequence of refined analysis methods. This suite of

Description / Table of Contents: 'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, al

Description / Table of Contents: Especially due to the increasing environmental problems there is a need to collect as many data as possible in the upper atmosphere. This book serves as a general multidisciplinary guide and introduction for a more effective use of the large amount of now available data from the Earth's atmosphere. It also shows the problems of the use of large amounts of time series data - for basic science as well as for environmental monitoring - and the related information systems. The book is aimed for scientists and students interested in the Earth's atmosphere which is vital for the understanding of environmental changes in the global system Earth

Description / Table of Contents: In a social world whose pace continues to accelerate the future becomes an increasingly difficult terrain. While the focus of social life is narrowing down to the present, the futures we create on a daily basis cast ever longer shadows. This book addresses this paradox and its deep ethical implications

Description / Table of Contents: Fracture in structural materials remains a vital consideration in engineering systems, affecting the reliability of machines throughout their lives. Impressive advances in both the theoretical understanding of fracture mechanisms and practical developments that offer possibilities of control have re-shaped the subject over the past four decades. The contributors to this volume, including some of the most prominent researchers in the field, give their long-range perspectives of the research on the fracture of solids and its achievements. The subjects covered in this volume include: statistics of brittle fracture, transition of fracture from brittle to ductile, mechanics and mechanisms of ductile separation of heterogenous solids, the crack tip environment in ductile fracture, and mechanisms and mechanics of fatigue. Materials considered range from the usual structural solids to composites. The chapters include both theoretical points of view and discussions of key experiments. Contributors include: from MIT, A.S. Argon, D.M. Parks; from Cambridge, M.F. Ashby; from U.C. Santa Barbara, A.G. Evans, R. McMeeking; from Glasgow, J. Hancock; from Harvard, J.W. Hutchinson, J.R. Rice; from Sheffield, K.J. Miller; from Brown, A. Needleman; from the Ecole des Mines, A. Pineau; from U.C. Berkeley, R. O. Ritchie; and from Copenhagen, V. Tvergaard

Description / Table of Contents: The editors present a state-of-the-art overview on the Physics of Space Weather and its effects on technological and biological systems on the ground and in space. It opens with a general introduction on the subject, followed by a historical review on the major developments in the field of solar terrestrial relationships leading to its development into the up-to-date field of space weather. Specific emphasis is placed on the technological effects that have impacted society in the past century at times of major solar activity. Chapter 2 summarizes key milestones, starting from the base of solar observations with classic telescopes up to recent space observations and new mission developments with EUV and X-ray telescopes (e.g., STEREO), yielding an unprecedented view of the sun-earth system. Chapter 3 provides a scientific summary of the present understanding of the physics of the sun-earth system based on the latest results from spacecraft designed to observe the Sun, the interplanetary medium and geospace. Chapter 4 describes how the plasma and magnetic field structure of the earth`s magnetosphere is impacted by the variation of the solar and interplanetary conditions, providing the necessary science and technology background for missions in low and near earth`s orbit. Chapter 5 elaborates the physics of the layer of the earth`s upper atmosphere that is the cause of disruptions in radio-wave communications and GPS (Global Positioning System) errors, which is of crucial importance for projects like Galileo. In Chapters 6-10, the impacts of technology used up to now in space, on earth and on life are reviewed.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume examines the processes responsible for sedimentation in modern glacimarine environments, and how such modern studies can be used as analogues in the interpretation of ancient glacimarine sequences. Sediments released from glaciers grounded in tidewater, floating ice shelves, ice tongues, icebergs and sea ice form complex sequences governed by glaciological, oceanographic, sedimentary and biogenic controls. Ten per cent of the world’s oceans and epicontinental seas contain such active glacimarine environments, but during Cenozoic glacial periods this area was doubled. This book will, therefore, be of relevance to all scientists concerned with high and middle latitude marine environments. The early chapters are concerned largely with processes of sedimentation in modern glacimarine environments; examples are drawn from Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, Svalbard and Antarctica. Studies of ancient sequences, both Cenzoic and pre-Cenozoic, from the Barents Sea, Greenland, Sweden, Alaska and the northwest European continental shelf, form the latter part of the book.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is a collection of papers on an aspect of plate tectonics of which our understanding is at present limited. In the mid-1970s, prior to the recent phase of IPOD active margin drill- ing, few geologists would have anticipated that at the start of the 1980s so many new questions concerning the nature of tectonic and sedimentary processes in forearc regions would have come to light.

Description / Table of Contents: Although the search for oil and gas in Europe, particularly in the North Sea, has been very successful, it has become progressively more difficult and costly in recent years. The need for continuing exploration success in finding accumulations of hydrocarbons has created a climate which favours the use of modern scientific and technological methods and techniques. Amongst these is petroleum geochemistry. Applications of petroleum geochemistry (integrated with petroleum geology) in petroleum exploration has drastically changed in recent years from a post-mortem science to a widely accepted exploration predictive tool.

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews the geochemical and petrological characteristics of the potassic igneous rock complexes and investigates the different tectonic settings in which these rocks occur. The authors provide an overview and a classification of these rocks and attempt to elucidate the geochemical differences between barren and mineralized potassic igneous complexes. Many epithermal gold and porphyry copper-gold deposits are hosted by high-K rocks. Therefore, this book is not only relevant to the academic petrologists working on alkaline rocks, but also to the exploration geologists prospecting for epithermal gold and/or porphyry copper-gold deposits in modern and ancient terranes. The 2nd updated and enlarged Ed. contains new subchapters and 3 chapters have been completely rewritten.

Description / Table of Contents: The Eastern Mediterranean is an excellent ‘field laboratory’ for the study of fundamental processes of continental rifting, passive margin development, ophiolite generation and emplacement and the tectonic, magmatic and sedimentary effects of continental collision. Since its publication in 1984, The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean has proved to be an invaluable aid to research in this important region. Many of the papers are classics that report basic data and tectonic interpretations that still remain valid today. The individual papers summarize a large amount of international research that was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region during the previous decade. This volume was the first integrated overview of one of the world’s most complex orogenic areas. The editors have added an outline of the main research developments since 1984 and key references to the more recent literature; several figures have been redrawn and the volume is now fully indexed.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains papers presented at the Geological Society on March 25th and 26th 1981, plus three additional contributions by researchers who were unable to be present at the meeting. The meeting brought together earth scientists with interests in geomorphology, geochemistry, pedology, sedimentology and applied geology. The multidisciplinary approach to the study of residual deposits is reflected in the 25 chapters of this book, which are arranged in four main groups: Weathering processes (chapters 1-3); Kaolinites, laterites and bauxites (chapters 4-11); Red beds (chapters 12-14); Duricrusts: calcretes, silcretes and gypcretes (chapters 15-25). The last two chapters of the book deal with karst related fluorite-baryte deposits, and Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform develop- ment in south-east England. Richard Crockett, Andrew Goudie and Don Highley provided invaluable suggestions during the planning of the meeting that led to this book. R. C. L. WILSON,Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA.

Description / Table of Contents: The book gives a general overview of recent approaches to debris flows. Problems of both occurrences and dynamics of debris flow are treated, taking into account new results from theoretical and experimental research and field observations. Finally, the functioning of the main control devices are reconsidered in the light of the state of the art.

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents many types of tidal phenomena. The contributions evolved from a seminar in Oberwolfach, Black Forest, where German experts on tidal research met in October 1994 to present their views and experience to interested graduate students and scientists in an informal way. The seminar focused on earth tides, tides of the atmosphere and the oceans, including solar-induced variations of the magnetic field and climate, and tidal phenomena in the planetary system and universe. This book has an introductory character, but some contributions describe the state of the art in tidal research.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides the first clear, comprehensive, and accessible account of complex adaptive social systems, by two of the field's leading authorities. Such systems--whether political parties, stock markets, or ant colonies--present some of the most intriguing theoretical and practical challenges confronting the social sciences. Engagingly written, and balancing technical detail with intuitive explanations, Complex Adaptive Systems focuses on the key tools and ideas that have emerged in the field since the mid-1990s, as well as the techniques needed to investigate such systems. It provides a

Description / Table of Contents: This book analyzes the expanding oil and gas activities in the Arctic from a social and developmental perspective, raising questions concerning the interaction between indigenous peoples, governments and oil and gas companies

Description / Table of Contents: Die Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Publikationen in Zeitschriften, die Anzahl von Zitationen in diesen Zeitschriftenartikeln und die Anzahl angemeldeter Patente steigen kontinuierlich und scheinbar unaufhaltsam. Der Einsatz von Bibliometrie eröffnet die Möglichkeit, diese Kommunikation in der Wissenschaft transparenter zu machen: So können mit Hilfe von Bibliometrie die Entwicklung von Themen nachvollzogen, die Wahrnehmung von Einrichtungen bestimmt und mögliche Kooperationspartner identifiziert werden. Die Dissertation illustriert, wie es mit Hilfe von quantitativen bibliometrischen Methoden möglich ist, einen objektiven Eindruck wissenschaftlicher Entwicklung zu gewinnen. Sie befasst sich dabei mit der Frage, wie Bibliometrie im Kontext von Trendbeobachtung und Trenderkennung in der Naturwissenschaft eingesetzt werden kann und welcher Nutzen sich hieraus ergibt. | The number of scientific publications in journals, the number of citations in these journal articles and the number of patent applications are all rising steadily in what appears to be an unstoppable manner. The use of bibliometrics is one way of making this communication within science more transparent. Bibliometrics can be used as an aid to understand the development of topics, to determine the perception of institutions, and to identify possible cooperation partners. This dissertation will explain how quantitative bibliometric methods can be used to gain an objective impression of scientific development. It looks at how bibliometrics can be used for trend observation and trend recognition in the natural sciences and the benefits that arise as a result.

Description / Table of Contents: Wissenschaftliche Wahrnehmung von Forschungsinstituten und Wissenschaftlern in aller Welt wird oft anhand ihrer Publikationen gemessen. Dazu werden bibliometrische Indikatoren, etwa die Anzahl der Veröffentlichungen und ihre Zitate, zu Rate gezogen. Mit bibliometrischen Analysen kann der Erfolg von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten messbar dokumentiert werden. Dies ist ein wichtiger Aspekt gegenüber Entscheidungsträgern und Geldgebern, denn Forschungs- gelder sind knapp und immer lauter wird die Frage, nach welchen Kriterien sie gerecht vergeben werden können. Hier sind bibliometrische Methoden zukünftig stärker gefragt. Bücher zu bibliometrischen Analysen gibt es aber nicht viele. Gut lesbare noch weniger und eigentlich gar keine für Menschen, die nicht Statistiker oder Bibliometriker sind. Alle, die sich mit dieser Art der wissenschaftlichen Bewertung auseinandersetzen möchten oder müssen, vermissen eine knappe und gut lesbare Übersicht über Methoden, Anwendungen aber auch Grenzen bibliometrischer Analysen. Diesen Missstand behebt das vorliegende Buch.

Description / Table of Contents: As we discover more about the role of the ocean in global changes and identify the effects of global change on the ocean, understanding its chemical composition and processes becomes increasingly paramount. However, understanding these processes requires a wide range of measurements in the vast ocean, from the sea surface to deep-ocean trenches, from the tropics to the poles. Practical Guidelines for the Analysis of Seawater provides a common analytical basis for generating quality-assured and reliable data on chemical parameters in the ocean. A source of practical know-how, the book covers sampling and storage, analytical methodology, and guidelines and procedures for quality assurance. It presents analytical methods with the step-by-step procedures that help practitioners implement these methods successfully into the laboratory, making them instantly applicable without consulting further literature. The book also contains essential information for developing or improving quality control and quality assurance programs in the laboratory. It includes the availability and measurement of standard reference materials, blank estimation and correction, control of recoveries, and statistical evaluation of quality assurance data. Analytical chemistry is a very active and fast moving area. Despite the development of innovative new analytical techniques for chemical trace element research, obtaining reliable data at ultra-trace levels remains a formidable challenge. A complete and practical guide, this book delineates proven methods that consistently yield reproducible data in routine work.

Description / Table of Contents: This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. Abundant new data are presented. The same type of measurement is performed on a range of melts to test the effect of composition on physical properties; and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties. This book is of interest to experimental researchers in the discussion of data obtained from both a materials science and a geoscientific point of view.

Description / Table of Contents: This textbook describes various physical, radiative, dynamical and chemical processes involved in the coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere. This textbook is intended for graduate students in middle atmosphere stratospheric physics, dynamic and atmospheric science courses and will be useful to all research workers in meteorology, aeronomy, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry and environmental sciences. Current areas of interest, such as Antarctic ozone hole, global warming effects on stratospheric cooling are also addressed. Stratosphere troposphere exchange, transport processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the role of stratosphere on tropospheric weather systems are presented. The information provided in the textbook will have broad applicability in other branches of atmospheric science, and will be of interest to those studying such areas as climate change, extreme weather events, and potential for the prediction of tropospheric weather systems.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Space physics -- 2. Introduction to kinetic theory -- 3. Single particle motion and geomagnetically trapped particles -- 4. Magnetohydrodynamics -- 5. Solar physics -- 6. The solar wind -- 7. The solar wind interaction with planets and other solar system bodies -- 8. The magnetosphere

Description / Table of Contents: Physics of Solar System Plasmas provides a comprehensive introduction to the plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics that are needed to study the solar wind and magnetosphere. The text includes a broad introduction to plasma physics, including important discussions of kinetic theory, single particle motion, magnetohydrodynamics, geomagnetically trapped energetic particles and the physics of magnetic reconnection. This leads into a thorough description of the Sun and the solar wind, and, finally, the author addresses magnetospheric physics. Among the topics covered here are magnetospheric morphology, bow shocks, magnetospheric convection and electrical currents, substorms, ionospheric physics, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, auroral physics and the interaction of the solar wind with the planets. Problem sets at the end of each chapter make this a useful text for advanced undergraduate students in astrophysics, geophysics, or atmospheric sciences. Graduate students and researchers will also find it a valuable source of information

Description / Table of Contents: Main description: In diesem gut lesbaren und verständlichen Buch bewerten die Autoren die Anwendung der Rational-Choice-Theorie. In ihrer herben Kritik zeigen Green und Shapiro auf, dass die hoch gelobten Ergebnisse der Rational-Choice-Theorie tatsächlich äußerst suspekt sind und dass ein grundsätzliches Umdenken erforderlich ist, um diesen analytischen Ansatz in der Politikwissenschaft wirklich nutzen zu können. Diesen Prozess des Umdenkens wollen die Autoren mit ihrem Buch anstoßen.

Description / Table of Contents: The publication of this volume occurs at the one-hundredth anniversary of 1905, which has been called the annus mirabilus because it was the year of a number of enormous scientific advances. Among them are four papers by Albert Einstein explaining (among other things) Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, the special theory of relativity, and the equation E = mc2. Also of significance in 1905 was the first application of another major advance in physics, which dramatically changed the fields of Earth and planetary science. In March of 1905 (and published the following year), Ernest Rutherford presented the following in the Silliman Lectures at Yale: "The helium observed in the radioactive minerals is almost certainly due to its production from the radium and other radioactive substances contained therein. If the rate of production of helium from known weights of the different radioelements were experimentally known, it should thus be possible to determine the interval required for the production of the amount of helium observed in radioactive minerals, or, in other words, to determine the age of the mineral." Rutherford E (1906) Radioactive Transformations. Charles Scriber's Sons, NY Thus radioisotopic geochronology was born, almost immediately shattering centuries of speculative conjectures and estimates and laying the foundation for establishment of the geologic timescale, the age of the Earth and meteorites, and a quantitative understanding of the rates of processes ranging from nebular condensation to Quaternary glaciations. There is an important subplot to the historical development of radioisotopic dating over the last hundred years, which, ironically, arises directly from the subsequent history of the U-He dating method Rutherford described in 1905. Almost as soon as radioisotopic dating was invented, it was recognized that the U-He [or later the (U-Th)/He method], provided ages that were often far younger than those allowed by stratigraphic correlations or other techniques such as U/Pb dating. Clearly, as R.J. Strutt noted in 1910, He ages only provided "minimum values, because helium leaks out from the mineral, to what extent it is impossible to say" (Strutt, 1910, Proc Roy Soc Lond, Ser A 84:379-388). For several decades most attention was diverted to U/Pb and other techniques better suited to measurement of crystallization ages and establishment of the geologic timescale. Gradually it became clear that other radioisotopic systems such as K/Ar and later fission-track also provided ages that were clearly younger than formation ages. In 1910 it may have been impossible to say the extent to which He (or most other elements) leaked out of minerals, but eventually a growing understanding of thermally-activated diffusion and annealing began to shed light on the significance of such ages. The recognition that some systems can provide cooling, rather than formation, ages, was gradual and diachronous across radioisotopic systems. Most of the heavy lifting in this regard was accomplished by researchers working on the interpretation of K/Ar and fission-track ages. Ironically, Rutherford¹s He-based radioisotopic system was one of the last to be quantitatively interpreted as a thermochronometer, and has been added to K/Ar (including 40Ar/39Ar) and fission-track methods as important for constraining the medium- to low-temperature thermal histories of rocks and minerals. Thermochronology has had a slow and sometimes fitful maturation from what were once troubling age discrepancies and poorly-understood open-system behaviors, into a powerful branch of geochronology applied by Earth scientists from diverse fields. Cooling ages, coupled with quantitative understanding of crystal-scale kinetic phenomena and crustal- or landscape-scale interpretational models now provide an enormous range of insights into tectonics, geomorphology, and subjects of other fields. At the same time, blossoming of lower temperature thermochronometric approaches has inspired new perspectives into the detailed behavior of higher temperature systems that previously may have been primarily used for establishing formation ages. Increased recognition of the importance of thermal histories, combined with improved analytical precision, has motivated progress in understanding the thermochronologic behavior of U/Pb, Sm/Nd, Lu/Hf, and other systems in a wide range of minerals, filling out the temperature range accessible by thermochronologic approaches. Thus the maturation of low- and medium-temperature thermochronology has led to a fuller understanding of the significance of radioisotopic ages in general, and to one degree or another has permeated most of geochronology. Except in rare cases, the goal of thermochronology is not thermal histories themselves, but rather the geologic processes responsible for them. Thermochronometers are now routinely used for quantifying exhumation histories (tectonic or erosional), magmatism, or landscape evolution. As thermochronology has matured, so have model and interpretational approaches used to convert thermal histories into these more useful geologic histories. Low-temperature thermochronology has been especially important in this regard, as knowledge of thermal processes in the uppermost few kilometers of the crust require consideration of coupled interactions of tectonic, geodynamic, and surface processes. Exciting new developments in these fields in turn drive improved thermochronologic methods and innovative sampling approaches.

Description / Table of Contents: The idea for this book was conceived in early June, 2005 at a paleoaltimetry workshop held at Lehigh University, Lehigh, Pennsyalvania and organized by Dork Sahagian. The workshop was funded by the tectonics program at NSF, and was designed to bring together researchers in paleoaltimetry to discuss different techniques and focus the community on ways of improving paleoelevation estimates and consequent interpretations of geodynamics and tectonics. At this meeting, some commented that a comprehensive volume describing the different methods could help advance the field. I offered to contact the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society about publishing a RiMG volume on paleoaltimetry. Because many of the techniques used to infer paleoelevations are geochemically-based or deal with thermodynamic principles, the GS and MSA agreed to the project. Two years and roughly 1000 e-mails later, our book has arrived. The book is organized into 4 sections: (1) Geodynamic and geomorphologic rationale (Clark). This chapter provides the broad rationale behind paleoaltimetry, i.e., why we study it. (2) Stable isotope proxies. These 4 chapters cover theory of stable isotopes in precipitation and their response to altitudinal gradients (Rowley), and stable isotopes sytematics in paleosols (Quade, Garzione and Eiler), silicates (Mulch and Chamberlain) and fossils (Kohn and Dettman). (3) Proxies of atmospheric properties. These 4 chapters cover temperature lapse rates (Meyer), entropy (Forest), and atmospheric pressure proxies, including total atmospheric pressure from gas bubbles in basalt (Sahagian and Proussevitch), and the partial pressure of CO2 (Kouwenberg, Kürshner, and McElwain). Note that clumped isotope thermometry (Quade, Garzione and Eiler) also provides direct estimates of temperature. (4) Radiogenic and cosmogenic nuclides. These 2 chapters cover low-temperature thermochronologic approaches (Reiners) and cosmogenic isotopes (Riihimaki and Libarkin). Some chapters overlap in general content (e.g., basic principles of stable isotopes in precipitation are covered to different degrees in all stable isotope chapters), but no attempt was made to limit authors' discussion of principles, or somehow attempt to arrive at a "consensus view" on any specific topic. Because science advances by critical discussion of concepts, such restrictions were viewed as counterproductive. This does mean that different chapters may present different views on reliability of paleoelevation estimates, and readers are advised to read other chapters in the book on related topics – they may be more closely linked than they might at first appear! I hope readers of this book will discover and appreciate the synergy among paleoaltimetry, climate change, and tectonic geomorphology. These interrelationships create a complex, yet rich field of scientific enquiry that in turn offers insights into climate and geodynamics.

Description / Table of Contents: Over 25 years ago, Volume 9 of Reviews in Mineralogy: Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles seemed to contain all that was possible to know about this group of fascinating minerals. The subsequent twenty-five years have shown that this assessment was wrong: Nature was keeping a lot in reserve, and has since revealed considerable new complexity in the constitution and behavior of amphiboles. Some of the advances in knowledge have been due to the use of new experimental techniques, some have been due to the investigation of hitherto neglected rock-types, and some have been due to the development of new ideas. The identification and systematic investigation of variable LLE (Light Lithophile Elements), particularly Li and H, led to the identification of several new amphibole species and the recognition that variable Li and H play an important role in chemical variations in amphiboles from both igneous and metamorphic parageneses. In turn, this work drove the development of microbeam SIMS to analyze LLE in amphiboles. Detailed mineralogical work on metasyenites showed hitherto unexpected solid-solution between Na and Li at the M(4) site in monoclinic amphiboles, a discovery that has upset the current scheme of amphibole classification and nomenclature and initiated new efforts in this direction. Systematic and well-planned synthesis of amphiboles, combined with careful spectroscopy, has greatly furthered our understanding of cation and anion order in amphiboles. The use of bond-valence theory to predict patterns of SRO (Short-Range Order) in amphiboles, and use of these predictions to understand the infrared spectra of well-characterized synthetic-amphibole solid-solutions, has shown that SRO is a major feature of the amphibole structure, and has resulted in major advances in our understanding of SRO in minerals. There has been significant progress relating changes in amphibole composition and cation ordering to petrogenetic conditions and trace-element behavior. Work on the nature of fibrous amphiboles and their toxicity and persistence in living organisms has emphasized the importance of accurate mineralogical characterization in environmental and health-related problems. The current volume has taken a different approach from previous volumes concerned with major groups of rock-forming minerals. Some of the contents have previously been organized by the investigative technique or groups of similar techniques: crystal-structure refinement, spectroscopy, TEM etc. Here, we have taken an approach that focuses on aspects of amphiboles rather than experimental techniques: crystal chemistry, new compositions, long-range order, short-range order etc., and all experimental results germane to these topics are discussed in each chapter. The intent of this approach is to focus on amphiboles, and to emphasize that many techniques are necessary to fully understand each aspect of the amphiboles and their behavior in both natural and industrial processes.

Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen may be the most abundant element in the universe, but in science and in nature oxygen has an importance that is disproportionate to its abundance. Human beings tend to take it for granted because it is all around us and we breathe it, but consider the fact that oxygen is so reactive that in a planetary setting it is largely unstable in its elemental state. Were it not for the constant activity of photosynthetic plants and a minor amount of photo dissociation in the upper atmosphere, we would not have an oxygen-bearing atmosphere and we would not be here. Equally, the most important compound of oxygen is water, without which life (in the sense that we know it) could not exist. The role of water in virtually all geologic processes is profound, from formation of ore deposits to igneous petrogenesis to metamorphism to erosion and sedimentation. In planetary science, oxygen has a dual importance. First and foremost is its critical role in so many fundamental Solar System processes. The very nature of the terrestrial planets in our own Solar System would be much different had the oxygen to carbon ratio in the early solar nebula been somewhat lower than it was, because elements such as calcium and iron and titanium would have been locked up during condensation as carbides, sulfides and nitrides and even (in the case of silicon) partly as metals rather than silicates and oxides. Equally, the role of water ice in the evolution of our Solar System is important in the early accretion and growth of the giant planets and especially Jupiter, which exerted a major control over how most of the other planets formed. On a smaller scale, oxygen plays a critical role in the diverse kinds of physical evolution of large rocky planets, because the internal oxidation state strongly influences the formation and evolution of the core, mantle and crust of differentiated planets such as the Earth. Consider that basaltic volcanism may be a nearly universal phenomenon among the evolved terrestrial planets, yet there are basalts and basalts. The basalts of Earth (mostly), Earth's Moon, Vesta (as represented by the HED meteorites) and Mars are all broadly tholeiitic and yet very different from one another, and one of the primary differences is in their relative oxidation states (for that matter, consider the differences between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series on Earth). But there is another way that oxygen has proven to be hugely important in planetary science, and that is as a critical scientific clue to processes and conditions and even sources of materials. Understanding the formation and evolution of our Solar System involves reconstructing processes and events that occurred more than 4.5 Ga ago, and for which the only contemporary examples are occurring hundreds of light years away. It is a detective story in which most of the clues come from the laboratory analysis of the products of those ancient processes and events, especially those that have been preserved nearly unchanged since their formation at the Solar System's birth: meteorites; comets; and interplanetary dust particles. For example, the oxidation state of diverse early Solar System materials ranges from highly oxidized (ferric iron) to so reducing that some silicon exists in the metallic state and refractory lithophile elements such as calcium exist occur in sulfides rather than in silicates or carbonates. These variations reflect highly different environments that existed in different places and at different times. Even more crucial has been the use of oxygen 3-isotope variations, which began almost accidentally in 1973 with an attempt to do oxygen isotope thermometry on high-temperature solar nebula grains (Ca-, Al-rich inclusions) but ended with the remarkable discovery (see Clayton 2008) of non-mass-dependent oxygen isotope variations in high-temperature materials from the earliest Solar System. The presolar nebula was found to be very heterogeneous in its isotopic composition, and virtually every different planet and asteroid for which we have samples has a unique oxygen-isotopic fingerprint.

Description / Table of Contents: J. S. Gilbert and R. S. J. Sparks: Future research directions on the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.01 --- Donald B. Dingwell: Recent experimental progress in the physical description of silicic magma relevant to explosive volcanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.02 --- Oded Navon and Vladimir Lyakhovsky: Vesiculation processes in silicic magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:27-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.03 --- H. M. Mader: Conduit flow and fragmentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:51-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.04 --- C. Jaupart: Gas loss from magmas through conduit walls during eruption / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:73-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.05 --- Andrew W. Woods: Observations and models of volcanic eruption columns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:91-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.06 --- M. Bursik: Tephra dispersal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:115-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.07 --- T. H. Druitt: Pyroclastic density currents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 145:145-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.08

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and Overviews --- J.-P. Henriet and J. Mienert: Gas Hydrates: the Gent debates. Outlook on research horizons and strategies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.01 --- K. A. Kvenvolden: A primer on the geological occurrence of gas hydrate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:9-30, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.02 --- E. D. Sloan, Jr: Physical/chemical properties of gas hydrates and application to world margin stability and climatic change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:31-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.03 --- Analysis and Modelling of Hydrate Formation --- G. D. Ginsburg: Gas hydrate accumulation in deep-water marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.04 --- A. W. Rempel and B. A. Buffett: Mathematical models of gas hydrate accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.05 --- R. J. Bakker: Improvements in clathrate modelling II: the H2O-CO2-CH4-N2-C2H6 fluid system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:75-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.06 --- H. Lu and R. Matsumoto: Synthesis of CO2 hydrate in various CH3CO2Na/CH3CO2H pH buffer solutions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:107-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.07 --- Exploration Strategy and Reservoir Evaluation Methodology --- J. S. Booth, W. J. Winters, W. P. Dillon, M. B. Clennell, and M. M. Rowe: Major occurrences and reservoir concepts of marine clathrate hydrates: implications of field evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:113-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.08 --- D. Goldberg and S. Saito: Detection of gas hydrates using downhole logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:129-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.09 --- J. W. Hobro, T. A. Minshull, and S. C. Singh: Tomographic seismic studies of the methane hydrate stability zone in the Cascadia Margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:133-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.10 --- U. Tinivella, E. Lodolo, A. Camerlenghi, and G. Boehm: Seismic tomography study of a bottom simulating reflector off the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.11 --- Worldwide Gas Hydrate Occurrences and Regional Case Studies --- C. K. Paull, W. S. Borowski, and N. M. Rodriguez: Marine gas hydrate inventory: preliminary results of ODP Leg 164 and implications for gas venting and slumping associated with the Blake Ridge gas hydrate field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:153-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.12 --- R. Thiéry, R. Bakker, and C. Monnin: Geochemistry of gas hydrates and associated fluids in the sediments of a passive continental margin. Preliminary results of the ODP Leg 164 on the Blake Outer Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:161-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.13 --- G. J. De Lange and H.-J. Brumsack: The occurrence of gas hydrates in Eastern Mediterranean mud dome structures as indicated by pore-water composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:167-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.14 --- J. M. Woodside, M. K. Ivanov, and A. F. Limonov: Shallow gas and gas hydrates in the Anaximander Mountains region, eastern Mediterranean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:177-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.15 --- M. K. Ivanov, A. F. Limonov, and J. M. Woodside: Extensive deep fluid flux through the sea floor on the Crimean continental margin (Black Sea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:195-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.16 --- S. V. Bouriak and A. M. Akhmetjanov: Origin of gas hydrate accumulations on the continental slope of the Crimea from geophysical studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.17 --- D. Long, S. Lammers, and P. Linke: Possible hydrate mounds within large sea-floor craters in the Barents Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:223-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.18 --- M. Veerayya, S. M. Karisiddaiah, K. H. Vora, B. G. Wagle, and F. Almeida: Detection of gas-charged sediments and gas hydrate horizons along the western continental margin of India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:239-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.19 --- S. Neben, K. Hinz, and H. Beiersdorf: Reflection characteristics, depth and geographical distribution of bottom simulating reflectors within the accretionary wedge of Sulawesi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:255-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.20 --- G. Delisle, H. Beiersdorf, S. Neben, and D. Steinmann: The geothermal field of the North Sulawesi accretionary wedge and a model on BSR migration in unstable depositional environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:267-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.21 --- Relevance to Margin Stability and Climatic Change --- J. Mienert, J. Posewang, and M. Baumann: Gas hydrates along the northeastern Atlantic margin: possible hydrate-bound margin instabilities and possible release of methane / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.22 --- W. P. Dillon, W. W. Danforth, D. R. Hutchinson, R. M. Drury, M. H. Taylor, and J. S. Booth: Evidence for faulting related to dissociation of gas hydrate and release of methane off the southeastern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:293-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.23 --- B. U. Haq: Natural gas hydrates: searching for the long-term climatic and slope-stability records / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:303-318, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.24 --- R. B. Thorpe, J. A. Pyle, and E.G. Nisbet: What does the ice-core record imply concerning the maximum climatic impact of possible gas hydrate release at Termination 1A? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:319-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.25 --- D. Raynaud, J. Chappellaz, and T. Blünier: Ice-core record of atmospheric methane changes: relevance to climatic changes and possible gas hydrate sources / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:327-331, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.26

Description / Table of Contents: Measurement, Scaling and Calibration --- C. S. Bristow and B. J. Williamson: Spectral gamma ray logs: core to log calibration, facies analysis and correlation problems in the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.01 --- P. W. M. Corbett, J. L. Jensen, and K. S. Sorbie: A review of up-scaling and cross-scaling issues in core and log data interpretation and prediction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:9-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.02 --- A. R. Duncan, G. Dean, and D. A. L. Collie: Quantitative density measurements from X-ray radiometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:17-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.03 --- P. K. Harvey, T. S. Brewer, M. A. Lovell, and S. A. Kerr: The estimation of modal mineralogy: a problem of accuracy in core-log calibration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:25-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.04 --- M. A. Lovell, P. K. Harvey, P. D. Jackson, T. S. Brewer, G. Williamson, and C. G. Williams: Interpretation of core and log data—integration or calibration? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:39-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.05 --- M. H. Ramsey, P. J. Watkins, and M. S. Sams: Estimation of measurement uncertainty for in situ borehole determinations using a geochemical logging tool / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:53-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.06 --- Physical and Chemical Properties --- Z. M. Ahmadi and A. L. Coe: Methods for simulating natural gamma ray and density wireline logs from measurements on outcrop exposures and samples: examples from the Upper Jurassic, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:65-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.07 --- M. M. Herron and S. L. Herron: Quantitative lithology: open and cased hole application derived from integrated core chemistry and mineralogy database / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:81-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.08 --- A. Kingdon, S. F. Rogers, C. J. Evans, and N. R. Brereton: The comparison of core and geophysical log measurements obtained in the Nirex investigation of the Sellafield region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:97-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.9 --- C. Lauer-Leredde, P. A. Pezard, F. Touron, and I. Dekeyser: Forward modelling of the physical properties of oceanic sediments: constraints from core and logs, with palaeoclimatic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:115-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.10 --- G. Wadge, D. Benaouda, G. Ferrier, R. B. Whitmarsh, R. G. Rothwell, and C. Macleod: Lithological classification within ODP holes using neural networks trained from integrated core-log data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:129-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.11 --- Petrophysical Relationships --- A. C. Bastos, L. D. Dillon, G. F. Vasquez, and J. A. Soares: Core-derived acoustic, porosity & permeability correlations for computation pseudo-logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:141-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.12 --- P. S. Denicol and X. D. Jing: Effects of water salinity, saturation and clay content on the complex resistivity of sandstone samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:147-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.13 --- J. R. Samworth: Complementary functions reveal data hidden in your logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:159-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.14 --- A. Shakeel and M. S. King: Acoustic wave anisotropy in sandstones with systems of aligned cracks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:173-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.15 --- B. Widarsono, J. R. Marsden, and M. S. King: In situ stress prediction using differential strain analysis and ultrasonic shear-wave splitting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:185-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.16 --- R. H. Worden: Dolomite cement distribution in a sandstone from core and wireline data: the Triassic fluvial Chaunoy Formation, Paris Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:197-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.17 --- P. F. Worthington: Conjunctive interpretation of core and log data through association of the effective and total porosity models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:213-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.18 --- S. Xu and R. White: Permeability prediction in anisotropic shaly formations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:225-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.19 --- Integration of Core and Borehole Images --- T. M. Goodall, N. K. Møller, and T. M. Rønningsland: The integration of electrical image logs with core data for improved sedimentological interpretation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:237-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.20 --- D. Haller and F. Porturas: How to characterize fractures in reservoirs using borehole and core images: case studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.21 --- P. D. Jackson, P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, D. A. Gunn, C. G. Williams, and R. C. Flint: Measurement scale and formation heterogeneity: effects on the integration of resistivity data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:261-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.22 --- J C. Lofts and J. F. Bristow: Aspects of core-log integration: an approach using high resolution images / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:273-283, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.23 --- C. O. Major, C. Pirmez, and D. Goldberg: High-resolution core-log integration techniques: examples from the Ocean Drilling Program / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:285-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.24 --- Applications and Case Studies --- M. Ayadi, P. A. Pezard, C. Laverne, and G. Bronner: Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, I: stratigraphy of eruptive products and accretion processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:297-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.25 --- M. Ayadi, P. A. Pezard, G. Bronner, P. Tartarotti, and C. Laverne: Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, III: faulting and fluid circulation. Constraints from integration of FMS images, geophysical logs and core data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:311-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.26 --- S. A. Barclay and R. H. Worden: Quartz cement volumes across oil-water contacts in oil fields from petrography and wireline logs: preliminary results from the Magnus Field, Northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:327-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.27 --- T. S. Brewer, P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, S. Haggas, G. Williamson, and P. Pezard: Ocean floor volcanism: constraints from the integration of core and downhole logging measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:341-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.28 --- C. J. Bücker, H. Delius, and J. Wohlenberg: Physical signature of basaltic volcanics drilled on the northeast Atlantic volcanic rifted margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:363-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.29 --- C. A. Gonçalves and L. Ewert: Development of the Cote D’Ivoire-Ghana transform margin: evidence from the integration of core and wireline log data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:375-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.30 --- P. Tartarotti, M. Ayadi, P. A. Pezard, C. Laverne, and F. D. De Larouziere: Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, II: fracturing and alteration. An integrated study from core, downhole measurements and borehole wall images / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:391-412, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.31

Description / Table of Contents: Duncan S. Macgregor: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.01 --- Palaeozoic and Sub-Salt Regional Papers --- David R. D. Boote, Daniel D. Clark-Lowes, and Marc W. Traut: Palaeozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:7-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.02 --- Marc W. Traut, David R. D. Boote, and Daniel D. Clark-Lowes: Exploration history of the Palaeozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:69-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.03 --- Duncan S. Macgregor: Giant fields, petroleum systems and exploration maturity of Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.04 --- B. Fekirine and H. Abdallah: Palaeozoic lithofacies correlatives and sequence stratigraphy of the Saharan Platform, Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:97-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.05 --- K. Echikh: Geology and hydrocarbon occurrences in the Ghadames Basin, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:109-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.06 --- Paul Logan and Ian Duddy: An investigation of the thermal history of the Ahnet and Reggane Basins, Central Algeria, and the consequences for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:131-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.07 --- Palaeozoic Reservoirs and Fields --- Rob Crossley and Neil McDougall: Lower Palaeozoic reservoirs of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:157-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.08 --- Mohamed Robert Djarnia and Berrached Fekirine: Sedimentological and diagenetic controls on Cambro-Ordovician reservoir quality in the southern Hassi Messaoud area (Saharan Platform, Algeria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:167-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.09 --- N. Alem, S. Assassi, S. Benhebouche, and B. Kadi: Controls on hydrocarbon occurrence and productivity in the F6 reservoir, Tin Fouyé-Tabankort area, NW Illizi Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:175-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.10 --- Rabah Chaouchi, M. S. Malla, and F. Kechou: Sedimentological evolution of the Givetian-Eifelian (F3) sand bar of the West Alrar field, Illizi Basin, Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:187-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.11 --- Mesozoic-Cenozoic Regional Papers --- Duncan S. Macgregor and Richard T. J. Moody: Mesozoic and Cenozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:201-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.12 --- R. Guiraud: Mesozoic rifting and basin inversion along the northern African Tethyan margin: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:217-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.13 --- M. Wilson, R. Guiraud, C. Moreau, and Y. J.-C. Bellion: Late Permian to Recent magmatic activity on the African-Arabian margin of Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:231-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.14 --- M. L. Keeley and M. S. Massoud: Tectonic controls on the petroleum geology of NE Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:265-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.15 --- Al Moundir Morabet, Rabah Bouchta, and Haddou Jabour: An overview of the petroleum systems of Morocco / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.16 --- Moesozoic Reservoirs and Fields --- S. M. Richardson, N. Vivian, R. J. Cook, M. Wilkes, and H. Hussein: Application of fault seal analysis techniques in the Western Desert, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:297-315, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.17 --- Rutger Gras and Bindra Thusu: Trap architecture of the Early Cretaceous Sarir Sandstone in the eastern Sirt Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:317-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.18 --- D. Spring and O. P. Hansen: The influence of platform morphology and sea level on the development of a carbonate sequence: the Harash Formation, Eastern Sirt Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:335-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.19 --- R. G. Loucks, R. T. J. Moody, J. K. Bellis, and A. A. Brown: Regional depositional setting and pore network systems of the El Garia Formation (Metlaoui Group, Lower Eocene), offshore Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:355-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.20 --- A. Zaïer, A. Beji-Sassi, S. Sassi, and R. T. J. Moody: Basin evolution and deposition during the Early Paleogene in Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.21 --- The Atlas Fold Belt --- R. Bracène, A. Bellahcène, D. Bekkouche, E. Mercier, and D. Frizon de Lamotte: The thin-skinned style of the South Atlas Front in Central Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:395-404, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.22 --- Mark A. Morgan, John Grocott, and Richard T. J. Moody: The structural evolution of the Zaghouan-Ressas Structural Belt, northern Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:405-422, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.23 --- Karim Mekireche, Nordine Sabaou, and Reda-Samy Zazoun: Critical factors in the exploration of an Atlas intramontane basin; the Western Hodna Basin of northern Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:423-432, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: D. Evans, M. S. Stoker, and A. Cramp: Geological processes on continental margins: sedimentation, mass-wasting and stability: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.01 --- Tjeerd C. E. Van Weering, Tøve Nielsen, Neil H. Kenyon, Katja Akentieva, and Antoon. H. Kuijpers: Large submarine slides on the NE Faeroe continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:5-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.02 --- Mike Reeder, Guy Rothwell, Dorrik A. V. Stow, Gisela Kahler, and Neil H. Kenyon: Turbidite flux, architecture and chemostratigraphy of the Herodotus Basin, Levantine Sea, SE Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:19-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.03 --- M. R. Dobson, D. O’Leary, and M. Veart: Sediment delivery to the Gulf of Alaska: source mechanisms along a glaciated transform margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:43-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.04 --- R. Holmes, D. Long, and L. R. Dodd: Large-scale debrites and submarine landslides on the Barra Fan, west of Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:67-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.05 --- Julie E. Armishaw, Richard W. Holmes, and Dorrik A. V. Stow: Morphology and sedimentation on the Hebrides Slope and Barra Fan, NW UK continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:81-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.06 --- A. Baltzer, R. Holmes, and D. Evans: Debris flows on the Sula Sgeir Fan, NW of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:105-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.07 --- Michael A. Paul, Lisa A. Talbot, and Martyn S. Stoker: Shallow geotechnical profiles, acoustic character and depositional history in glacially influenced sediments from the Hebrides and West Shetland Slopes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:117-131, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.08 --- D. Marc Audet: Mechanical properties of terrigenous muds from levee systems on the Amazon Fan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:133-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.09 --- Thierry Mulder, Bruno Savoye, David J. W. Piper, and James P. M. Syvitski: The Var submarine sedimentary system: understanding Holocene sediment delivery processes and their importance to the geological record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:145-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.10 --- T. Nielsen, TJ. C. E. Van Weering, and M. S. Andersen: Cenozoic changes in the sedimentary regime on the northeastern Faeroes margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:167-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.11 --- Lene Clausen: The Southeast Greenland glaciated margin: 3D stratal architecture of shelf and deep sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:173-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.12 --- G. Ercilla, J. Baraza, B. Alonso, and M. Canals: Recent geological processes in the Central Bransfield Basin (Western Antarctic Peninsula) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:205-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.13 --- Paul D. Egerton: Seismic characterization of Palaeogene depositional sequences: northeastern Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:217-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.14 --- M. S. Stoker: Sediment-drift development on the continental margin off NW Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:229-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.15 --- Tine L. Rasmussen, Erik Thomsen, and Tjeerd C. E. Van Weering: Cyclic sedimentation on the Faeroe Drift 53-10 ka BP related to climatic variations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:255-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.16 --- J. A. Howe, R. Harland, N. M. Hine, and W. E. N. Austin: Late Quaternary stratigraphy and palaeoceanographic change in the northern Rockall Trough, North Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:269-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.17 --- A. R. Viana and J.-C. Faugères: Upper slope sand deposits: the example of Campos Basin, a latest Pleistocene-Holocene record of the interaction between alongslope and downslope currents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:287-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.18 --- Dorrik A. V. Stow and Ali R. Tabrez: Hemipelagites: processes, facies and model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:317-337, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.19 --- I. R. Hall and I. N. McCave: Late Glacial to Recent accumulation fluxes of sediments at the shelf edge and slope of NW Europe, 48–50°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:339-350, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.20 --- Erratum --- Geological Processes on Continental Margins: Sedimentation, Mass-Wasting and Stability Geological Society Special Publication No. 129 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 129:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.129.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: A. J. Fraser and S. J. Matthews: Petroleum geology of SE Asia: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.01 --- Chris Sladen: Energy trends in SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.02 --- Robert Hall: Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:11-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.03 --- S. P. Todd, M. E. Dunn, and A. J. G. Barwise: Characterizing petroleum charge systems in the tertiary of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:25-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.04 --- Chris Sladen: Exploring the lake basins of east and southeast Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:49-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.05 --- Coen T. A. M. Leo: Exploration in the Gulf of Thailand in deltaic reservoirs, related to the Bongkot Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.06 --- S. J. Matthews, A. J. Fraser, S. Lowe, S. P. Todd, and F. J. Peel: Structure, stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the SE Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:89-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.07 --- R. H. Worden, M. J. Mayall, and I. J. Evans: Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains, porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:107-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.08 --- M. J. Mayall, A. Bent, and D. M. Roberts: Miocene carbonate buildups offshore Socialist Republic of Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:117-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.09 --- A. Wight, H. Friestad, I. Anderson, P. Wicaksono, and C. H. Reminton: Exploration history of the offshore Southeast Sumatra PSC, Java Sea, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:121-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.10 --- Craig Schiefelbein and Nick Cameron: Sumatra/Java oil families / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:143-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.11 --- J. M. Cole and S. Crittenden: Early Tertiary basin formation and the development of Lacustrine and quasi-lacustrine/marine source rocks on the Sunda Shelf of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:147-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.12 --- Alastair Beach, J. Lawson Brown, Paul J. Brockbank, Steven D. Knott, Jean E. McCallum, and Alastair I. Welbon: Fault seal analysis of SE Asian basins with examples from West Java / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.13 --- D. J. Prosser and R. R. Carter: Permeability heterogeneity within the Jerudong Formation: an outcrop analogue for subsurface Miocene reservoirs in Brunei / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:195-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.14 --- I. C. Mat-Zin and R. E. Swarbrick: The tectonic evolution and associated sedimentation history of Sarawak Basin, eastern Malaysia: a guide for future hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.15 --- M. E. J. Wilson and D. W. J. Bosence: Platform-top and ramp deposits of the Tonasa Carbonate Platform, Sulawesi, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:247-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.16 --- P. J. Boult: A review of the petroleum potential of Papua New Guinea with a focus on the eastern Papuan Basin and the Pale Sandstone as a potential reservoir fairway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:281-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.17 --- J. B. Blanche and J. D. Blanche: An overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Spratly Islands archipelago and its implications for regional development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:293-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.18 --- Ian M. Longley: The tectonostratigraphic evolution of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:311-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.19 --- D. Roques, S. J. Matthews, and C. Rangin: Constraints on strike-slip motion from seismic and gravity data along the Vietnam margin offshore Da Nang: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity and opening of the East Vietnam Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:341-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.20 --- A. J. McCarthy and C. F. Elders: Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran Fault System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:355-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.21 --- Chris Howells: Tertiary response to oblique subduction and indentation in Sumatra, Indonesia: new ideas for hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:365-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.22 --- John L. C. Chambers and Timothy E. Daley: A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.23 --- Steve J. Moss, John Chambers, Ian Cloke, Dharma Satria, Jason R. Ali, Simon Baker, John Milsom, and Andy Carter: New observations on the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Tertiary Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:395-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.24 --- John Milsom, Robert Holt, Dzazali Bin Ayub, and Ross Smail: Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the Sabah-Palawan margin, South China Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:417-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: Jean-Christophe Sempéré, Brian P. West, and Louis Géli: The Southeast Indian Ridge between 127° and 132°40′E: contrasts in segmentation characteristics and implications for crustal accretion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.01 --- Philippe Blondel: Segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of the Azores, based on acoustic classification of TOBI data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.02 --- Eddie McAllister and Johnson R. Cann: Initiation and evolution of boundary-wall faults along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 25–29°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:29-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.03 --- Simon Allerton, Roger C. Searle, and Bramley J. Murton: Bathymetric segmentation and faulting on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24°00′N to 24°40′N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:49-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.04 --- Kate Lawson, Roger C. Searle, Julian A. Pearce, Paul Browning, and Pamela Kempton: Detailed volcanic geology of the MARNOK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Kane transform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:61-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.05 --- Rodey Batiza: Magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:103-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.06 --- C. J. Robinson, R. S. White, M. J. Bickle, and T. A. Minshull: Restricted melting under the very slow-spreading Southwest Indian ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:131-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.07 --- Stephen J. Edwards, Trevor J. Falloon, John Malpas, and Rolf B. Pedersen: A review of the petrology of harzburgites at Hess Deep and Garrett Deep: implications for mantle processes beneath segments of the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.08 --- Rachel M. Haymon: The response of ridge-crest hydrothermal systems to segmented, episodic magma supply / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:157-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.09 --- C. R. German, L. M. Parson, B. J. Murton, and H. D. Needham: Hydrothermal activity and ridge segmentation on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a tale of two hot-spots? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:169-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.10 --- C. J. MacLeod and C. E. Manning: Influence of axial segmentation on hydrothermal circulation at fast-spreading ridges: insights from Hess Deep / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:185-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.11 --- V. V. Zaykov, V. V. Maslennikov, E. V. Zaykova, and R. J. Herrington: Hydrothermal activity and segmentation in the Magnitogorsk-West Mugodjarian zone on the margins of the Urals palaeo-ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:199-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.12 --- Eve C. Southward, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael B. Black, David R. Dixon, and Linda R.J. Dixon: Ocean-ridge segmentation and vent tubeworms (Vestimentifera) in the NE Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.13 --- Verena Tunnicliffe, C. Mary R. Fowler, and Andrew G. Mcarthur: Plate tectonic history and hot vent biogeography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:225-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.14 --- E. G. Nisbet and C. M. R. Fowler: The hydrothermal imprint on life: did heat-shock proteins, metalloproteins and photosynthesis begin around hydrothermal vents? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: M. Widdowson: The geomorphological and geological importance of palaeosurfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.01 --- C. R. Twidale: The great age of some Australian landforms: examples of, and possible explanations for, landscape longevity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:13-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.02 --- Europe --- Philip S. Ringrose and Piotr Migoń: Analysis of digital elevation data for the Scottish Highlands and recognition of pre-Quaternary elevated surfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:25-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.03 --- Peter Coxon and Catherine Coxon: A pre-Pliocene or Pliocene land surface in County Galway, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:37-55, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.04 --- John J. McAlister and Bernard J. Smith: Geochemical trends in Early Tertiary palaeosols from northeast Ireland: a statistical approach to assess element behaviour during weathering / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:57-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.05 --- David W. Jolley: Palaeosurface palynofloras of the Skye lava field and the age of the British Tertiary volcanic province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:67-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.06 --- Karna Lidmar-Bergström, Siv Olsson, and Mats Olvmo: Palaeosurfaces and associated saprolites in southern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:95-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.07 --- Yvonne Battiau-Queney: Preservation of old palaeosurfaces in glaciated areas: examples from the French western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:125-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.08 --- W. Brian Whalley, Brice R. Rea, Michelle M. Rainey, and John J. McAlister: Rock weathering in blockfields: some preliminary data from mountain plateaus in North Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.09 --- M. Gutiérrez-Elorza and F. J. Gracia: Environmental interpretation and evolution of the Tertiary erosion surfaces in the Iberian Range (Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:147-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.10 --- Harald Borger: Environmental changes during the Tertiary: the example of palaeoweathering residues in central Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:159-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.11 --- E. Molina Ballesteros, J. García Talegón, and M. A. Vicente Hernández: Palaeoweathering profiles developed on the Iberian Hercynian Basement and their relationship to the oldest Tertiary surface in central and western Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:175-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.12 --- Piotr Migoń: Tertiary etchsurfaces in the Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland: a contribution to the pre-Quaternary morphology of Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.13 --- Ján Lacika: Neogene palaeosurfaces in the volcanic area of Central Slovakia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.14 --- India --- M. Widdowson: Tertiary palaeosurfaces of the SW Deccan, Western India: implications for passive margin uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:221-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.15 --- Yanni Gunnell: Topography, palaeosurfaces and denudation over the Karnataka Uplands, southern India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:249-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.16 --- M. Widdowson, J. N. Walsh, and K. V. Subbarao: The geochemistry of Indian bole horizons: palaeoenvironmental implications of Deccan intravolcanic palaeosurfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:269-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.17 --- Africa --- Kevin White, Nick Drake, and John Walden: Remote sensing for mapping palaeosurfaces on the basis of surficial chemistry: a mixed pixel approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:283-293, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.18 --- D. J. Bowden: The geochemistry and development of lateritized footslope benches: The Kasewe Hills, Sierra Leone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:295-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.19 --- South America --- L. Kennan, S. H. Lamb, and L. Hoke: High-altitude palaeosurfaces in the Bolivian Andes: evidence for late Cenozoic surface uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:307-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.20 --- Errata --- Erratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.22 --- Erratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: The 1993 Southwest Hokkaido Earthquake of Magnitude 7. 9 (July 12, 22: 17 JST) caused serious tsunami disasters in the southwestern part of Hokkaido, particularly on Okushiri Island (a tiny island off the southwest coast of Hokkaido with a population of about 4,500 at the time of earthquake). Of 230 casualties, including 28 missing, about 200 deaths are attributable to the tsunami. We have conducted detailed field surveys of tsunami disasters to learn lessons from this costly natural experiment for the future prevention of similar tsunami disasters. Our field work was conducted in four surveys totaling 39 days. During the first field survey (July 16 through July 21, 1994), we worked mostly on the estimation of the subsidence of Okushiri Island during the earthquake. Hence, our main work on tsunami disasters initiated from the second field survey (July 31 through Aug. 15, 1994). Several groups have conducted detailed surveys of the distribution of tsunami runup height as measured from the level of sea water (TsUJI et al. , 1 994a, b; MATSUTOMI and SHUTO, 1994; GOTO et al. , 1994). Such a precise runup height distribution is essential for characterizing tsunami, including its overall size. Indeed, the height distribution is the fundamental data for inferring earthquake source parameters through the simulation of tsunami generation (TAKAHASHI et al. , 1994; IMAMURA et al. , 1994; TSUJI et al. , 1994a; SATAKE and TANIOKA 1994; ABE, 1994; TANIOKA et al. , in review).

Description / Table of Contents: Andrew C. Aplin, Andrew J. Fleet, and Joe H. S. Macquaker: Muds and mudstones: physical and fluid-flow properties / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.01 --- Physical Properties --- F. J. Pearson: What is the porosity of a mudrock? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:9-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.02 --- David N. Dewhurst, Yunlai Yang, and Andrew C. Aplin: Permeability and fluid flow in natural mudstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:23-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.03 --- Kirsti Midttømme and Elen Roaldset: Thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: uncertainties in measurement and modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:45-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.04 --- D. N. Petley: Failure envelopes of mudrocks at high confining pressures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:61-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.05 --- K. Bjørlykke: Principal aspects of compaction and fluid flow in mudstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:73-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.06 --- Experimental Studies --- M. B. Clennell, D. N. Dewhurst, K. M. Brown, and G. K. Westbrook: Permeability anisotropy of consolidated clays / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.07 --- M. G. Peters and A. J. Maltman: Insights into the hydraulic performance of landfill-lining clays during deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:97-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.08 --- J. F. Harrington and S. T. Horseman: Gas transport properties of clays and mudrocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:107-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.09 --- Case Studies --- Gary M. Ingram and Janos L. Urai: Top-seal leakage through faults and fractures: the role of mudrock properties / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:125-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.10 --- T. Skar, R. T. Van Balen, L. Arnesen, and S. Cloetingh: Origin of overpressures on the Halten Terrace, offshore mid-Norway: the potential role of mechanical compaction, pressure transfer and stress / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:137-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.11 --- J. Dorsch and T. J. Katsube: Porosity characteristics of Cambrian mudrocks (Oak Ridge, East Tennessee, USA) and their implications for contaminant transport / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:157-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.12 --- K. Walraevens and J. Cardenal: Preferential pathways in an Eocene clay: hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 158:175-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.158.01.13

Description / Table of Contents: Stephen E. Prensky: Advances in borehole imaging technology and applications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:1-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.01 --- Philip S. Cheung: Microresistivity and ultrasonic imagers: tool operations and processing principles with reference to commonly encountered image artefacts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:45-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.02 --- J. C. Lofts and L. T. Bourke: The recognition of artefacts from acoustic and resistivity borehole imaging devices / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:59-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.03 --- Robert Trice: A methodology for applying a non unique, morphological classification to sine wave events picked from borehole image log data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:77-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.04 --- Jeremy Prosser, Stuart Buck, Shaun Saddler, and Vince Hilton: Methodologies for multi-well sequence analysis using borehole image and dipmeter data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:91-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.05 --- Malcolm Rider, Tim Goodall, and Tim Dodson: A pre-development turbidite reservoir evaluation using FMS electrical images / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:123-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.06 --- David J. Went and William C. Fisher: Stratigraphic relationships in the upper Rotliegend: interpretations from horizontal and vertical well borehole images, core and logs in the Lancelot area, Southern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:139-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.07 --- Robert Trice: Application of borehole image logs in constructing 3D static models of productive fracture networks in the Apulian Platform, Southern Apennines / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.08 --- R. M. McGarva, C. Bell, and J. Bedford: Use of Resistivity At Bit (RAB) images within an Eocene submarine channel complex, Alba Field, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:177-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.09 --- T. Hansen and D. N. Parkinson: Insights from simultaneous acoustic and resistivity imaging / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:191-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.10 --- Ian Goodall, Jeremy Lofts, Matthew Mulcahy, Michael Ashton, and Sam Johnson: A sedimentological application of ultrasonic borehole images in complex lithologies: the Lower Kimmeridge Clay Formation, Magnus Field, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:203-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.11 --- Trevor Williams and Carlos Pirmez: FMS Images from carbonates of the Bahama Bank Slope, ODP Leg 166: Lithological identification and cyclo-stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:227-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.12 --- Laird B. Thompson and J. W. Snedden: Geology and reservoir description of 1Y1 reservoir, Oso Field, Nigeria using FMS and dipmeter / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:239-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.13 --- D. N. Parkinson, R. J. Dixon, and E. J. Jolley: Contributions of acoustic imaging to the development of the Bruce Field, Northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:259-270, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.14 --- L. M. Grace, B. M. Newberry, and J. H. Harper: Fault visualization from borehole images for sidetrack optimization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:271-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.15 --- T. S. Brewer, P. K. Harvey, S. Haggas, P. A. Pezard, and D. Goldberg: Borehole images of the ocean crust: case histories from the Ocean Drilling Program / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 159:283-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.159.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: K. J. W. McCaffrey: Dave Johnston: an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.01 --- Lidia Lonergan, Jamie Wilkinson, and Ken McCaffrey: Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.02 --- Fracture Populations --- S. Roberts, D. J. Sanderson, and P. Gumiel: Fractal analysis and percolation properties of veins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:7-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.03 --- Julia F. W. Stowell, Adrian P. Watson, and Neil F. C. Hudson: Geometry and population systematics of a quartz vein set, Holy Island, Anglesey, North Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:17-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.04 --- P. A. Gillespie, J. D. Johnston, M. A. Loriga, K. J. W. McCaffrey, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson: Influence of layering on vein systematics in line samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:35-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.05 --- Maria Antonietta Loriga: Scaling systematics of vein size: an example from the Guanajuato mining district (Central Mexico) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:57-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.06 --- Fluid Flow and Fracture Systems --- David J. Sanderson and Xing Zhang: Critical stress localization of flow associated with deformation of well-fractured rock masses, with implications for mineral deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:69-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.07 --- Mark A. Jones, Alec B. Pringle, Iain M. Fulton, and Shane O’Neill: Discrete fracture network modelling applied to groundwater resource exploitation in southwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:83-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.08 --- Peter Connolly and John Cosgrove: Prediction of static and dynamic fluid pathways within and around dilational jogs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:105-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.09 --- Structural Controls on Mineralization --- Stephen F. Cox: Deformational controls on the dynamics of fluid flow in mesothermal gold systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:123-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.10 --- Tom G. Blenkinsop and David J. Sanderson: Are gold deposits in the crust fractals? A study of gold mines in the Zimbabwe craton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.11 --- S. J. Jolley, I. H. C. Henderson, A. C. Barnicoat, and N. P. C. Fox: Thrust-fracture network and hydrothermal gold mineralization: Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:153-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.12 --- Piergiorgio Rossetti and Fabrizio Colombo: Adularia-sericite gold deposits of Marmato (Caldas, Colombia): field and petrographical data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:167-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.13 --- Yannick Branquet, Alain Cheilletz, Gaston Giuliani, Bernard Laumonier, and Oscar Blanco: Fluidized hydrothermal breccia in dilatant faults during thrusting: the Colombian emerald deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:183-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.14 --- M. A. N. Brown, R. J. H. Jolly, W. Stone, and M. P. Coward: Nickel ore troughs in Archaean volcanic rocks, Kambalda, Western Australia: indicators of early extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:197-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.15 --- I. R. Colke, J. Craig, and D. J. Blundell: Structural controls on the hydrocarbon and mineral deposits within the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:213-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.16 --- Irish Zn/Pb Deposits: Structure and Fluid Flow --- Murray W. Hitzman: Extensional faults that localize Irish syndiagenetic Zn-Pb Deposits and their reactivation during Variscan compression / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:233-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.17 --- C. E. Everett, J. J. Wilkinson, and D. M. Rye: Fracture-controlled fluid flow in the Lower Palaeozoic basement rocks of Ireland: implications for the genesis of Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:247-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.18 --- Helen Lewis and Gary D. Couples: Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland — simulation of structural controls on mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:277-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.19 --- G. D. Sevastopulo and P. Redmond: Age of mineralization of carbonate-hosted, base metal deposits in the Rathdowney Trend, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:303-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.20 --- B. M. O’Reilly, P. W. Readman, and T. Murphy: Gravity lineaments and Carboniferous-hosted base metal deposits of the Irish Midlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:313-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.21

Description / Table of Contents: Fluids rich in water, carbon and sulfur species and a variety of dissolved salts are a ubiquitous transport medium for heat and matter in the Earth’s interior. Fluid transport through the upper mantle and crust controls the origin of magmatism above subduction zones and results in natural risks of explosive volcanism. Fluids passing through rocks affect the chemical and heat budget of the global oceans, and can be utilized as a source of geothermal energy on land. Fluid transport is a key to the formation and the practical utilization of natural resources, from the origin of hydrothermal mineral deposits, through the exploitation of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons as sources of energy and essential raw materials, to the subsurface storage of waste materials such as CO2. Different sources of fluids and variable paths of recycling volatile components from the hydrosphere and atmosphere through the solid interior of the Earth lead to a broad range of fluid compositions, from aqueous liquids and gases through water-rich silicate or salt melts to carbon-rich endmember compositions. Different rock regimes in the crust and mantle generate characteristic ranges of fluid composition, which depending on pressure, temperature and composition are miscible to greatly variable degrees. For example, aqueous liquids and vapors are increasingly miscible at elevated pressure and temperature. The degree of this miscibility is, however, greatly influenced by the presence of additional carbonic or salt components. A wide range of fluid–fluid interactions results from this partial miscibility of crustal fluids. Vastly different chemical and physical properties of variably miscible fluids, combined with fluid flow from one pressure – temperature regime to another, therefore have major consequences for the chemical and physical evolution of the crust and mantle. Several recent textbooks and review articles have addressed the role and diverse aspects of fluids in crustal processes. However, immiscibility of fluids and the associated phenomena of m ultiphase fluid flow are generally dealt with only in subsections with respect to specific environments and aspects of fluid mediated processes. This volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry attempts to fill this gap and to explicitly focus on the role that co-existing fluids play in the diverse geologic environments. It brings together the previously somewhat detached literature on fluid–fluid interactions in continental, volcanic, submarine and subduction zone environments. It emphasizes that fluid mixing and unmixing are widespread processes that may occur in all geologic environments of the entire crust and upper mantle. Despite different P-T conditions, the fundamental processes are analogous in the different settings.

Description / Table of Contents: Forced folds and fractures: An introduction / J. W. Cosgrove / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 1-6, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.01 --- A comparison of the geometry, spatial organization and fracture patterns associated with forced folds and buckle folds / J. W. Cosgrove and M. S. Ameen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 7-21, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.02 --- Section 1: Numerical Analysis and Field Study of Fractures Associated with Compactional Forced Folds --- Interlayer slip and joint localization in the East Kaibab Monocline, Utah: field evidence and results from numerical modelling / M. L. Cooke, P. N. Mollema, D. D. Pollard and A. Aydin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 23-49, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.03 --- Differential compaction of interbedded sandstone and coal / Stephen E. Laubach, Daniel D. Schultz-Ela and Roger Tyler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 51-60, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.04 --- Forced-fold development within Tertiary sediments of the Alba Field, UKCS: evidence of differential compaction and post-depositional sandstone remobilization / John W. Cosgrove and Rob. D. Hillier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 61-71, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.05 --- Section 2: Forced Folding in Extensional Environments --- Extensional forced folding and décollement of the pre-rift series along the Rhine graben and their influence on the geometry of the syn-rift sequences / Jean-Christophe Maurin and Bertrand Niviere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 73-86, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.06 --- Displacement transfer and forced folding in the Maritimes basin of Nova Scotia, eastern Canada / J. V. A. Keller and G. Lynch / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 87-101, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.07 --- Late Quaternary monoclinal folding induced by caldera resurgence at Ischia, Italy / Alessandro Tibaldi and Luigina Vezzoli / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 103-113, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.08 --- Stratal fold patterns adjacent to normal faults: observations from the Gulf of Mexico / C. S. Mansfield and J. A. Cartwright / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 115-128, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.09 --- Section 3: Forced Folding in Compressional and Strike-Slip Environments --- Effects of interlayer slip in model forced folds / G. D. Couples and H. Lewis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 129-144, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.10 --- Regional tectonics and fracture patterns in the Fall River Formation (Lower Cretaceous) around the Black Hills foreland uplift, western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming / John L. Wicks, Stuart L. Dean and Byron R. Kulander / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 145-165, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.11 --- Geometry of fold arrays in the Silesian-Cracovian region of southern Poland / Leslaw Teper / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 167-179, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.12 --- Primary and ‘forced folds’ of the Columbia River basalt province, eastern Washington, USA / A. J. Watkinson and P. R. Hooper / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 181-186, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.13 --- Section 4: Temporal and Spatial Relationship between Forced Folds and Buckle Folds, Crustal-Scale Folds and Fold/Fracture Relationships --- The interplay of faulting and folding during the evolution of the Zagros deformation belt / Y. Sattarzadeh, J. W. Cosgrove and C. Vita-Finzi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 187-196, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.14 --- Complex metamorphic zonation of the Thaya dome: result of buckling and gravitational collapse of an imbricated nappe sequence / P. Štípská, K. Schulmann and V. Höck / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 197-211, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.15 --- Predicting patterns of strain from three-dimensional fold geometries: neutral surface folds and forced folds / Richard J. Lisle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 213-221, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: Understanding granites: integrating new and classical techniques / Antonio Castro, Carlos Fernández and Jean Louis Vigneresse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 1-5, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.01 --- Some time-space relationships for crustal melting and granitic intrusion at various depths / Alan Bruce Thompson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 7-25, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.02 --- Granitic melt viscosities / Donald B. Dingwell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 27-38, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.03 --- Geophysical imaging of the shape of granitic intrusions at depth: a review / L. Améglio and J. L. Vigneresse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 39-54, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.04 --- What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas? / Alberto E. Patiño Douce / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 55-75, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.05 --- Geometry of granite emplacement in the upper crust: contributions of analogue modelling / Teresa Román-Berdiel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 77-94, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.06 --- A multidisciplinary approach combining geochemical, gravity and structural data: implications for pluton emplacement and zonation / L. Hecht and J. L. Vigneresse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 95-110, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.07 --- The Coastal Batholith and other aspects of Andean magmatism in Peru / E. J. Cobbing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 111-122, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.08 --- Contrasts in morphogenesis and tectonic setting during contemporaneous emplacement of S- and I-type granitoids in the Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia / R. Trzebski, P. Lennox and D. Palmer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 123-140, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.09 --- Structure and geophysics of the Gåsborn granite, central Sweden: an example of fracture-fed asymmetric pluton emplacement / Alexander R. Cruden, Håkan Sjöström and Sven Aaro / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 141-160, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.10 --- Emplacement of the Joshua Flat-Beer Creek Pluton (White Inyo Mountains, California): a story of multiple material transfer processes / Carlo Dietl / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 161-176, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.11 --- Petrology, magnetic fabric and emplacement in a strike-slip regime of a zoned peraluminous granite: the Campanario-La Haba pluton, Spain / A. Alonso Olazabal, M. Carracedo and A. Aranguren / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 177-190, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.12 --- Brittle behaviour of granitic magma: the example of Puente del Congosto, Iberian Massif, Spain / Carlos Fernández and Antonio Castro / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 191-206, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.13 --- Origin of megacrysts in granitoids by textural coarsening: a crystal size distribution (CSD) study of microcline in the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, Sierra Nevada, California / Michael D. Higgins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 207-219, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.14 --- Movement of melt during synchronous regional deformation and granulite-facies anatexis, an example from the Wuluma Hills, central Australia / E. W. Sawyer, C. Dombrowski and W. J. Collins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 221-237, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.15 --- Partial melting and P-T-t evolution of LP/HT metamorphic terranes: an example from the Svecofennian K-feldspar-poor leucosome migmatite belt, Southern Finland / H. Mouri and K. Korsman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 239-253, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.16 --- Evidence of magmatic hybridization related with feeding zones: the synkinematic Guitiriz granitoid, NW Iberian Massif / M. Menéndez and L. A. Ortega / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 255-272, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: ing within the downgoing plate, and appears to be assoeiated with segmentation of the subdueting plate produeed by forees related to the subduetion of the Louisville Ridge. To analyze fault plane heterogeneities in the northern Solomon Islands subdue­ tion segment and their association with rupture eharaeteristics in general and the existenee of earthquake doublets in partieular, Xv and SCHWARTZ study in detail two sets of doublets, from 1974 and 1975, and then reloeate 85 underthrusting events in the area. The authors find that few smaller magnitude events overlap asperity regions, and that the majority of small magnitude underthrusting earth­ quak es oeeupy a segment that has never experieneed a magnitude greater than 7.0 earthquake in the historie times. It will be of great value to soeiety when seismologists and geophysieists are able to monitor and prediet the pattern of geophysieal phenomena assoeiated with subduetion; this issue presents a modest step towards this goal. PAGEOPH, Vol. 140, No. 2 (1993) 0033 ~4553;93;020 183 ~ 28$1.50 + 0.20;0 © 1993 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel Slip Partitioning along Major Convergent Plate Boundaries 2 GUANG YU,l STEVEN G. WESNOUSKY,l and GÖRAN EKSTRÖM Abstract-Along plate boundaries characterized by oblique convergence, earthquake slip vectors are commonly rotated toward the normal of the trench with respect to predicted plate motion vectors. Consequently, relative plate motion along such convergent margins must be partitioned between displacements along the thrust plate interface and deformation within the foreare and back-are regions.

Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Geology of Siliciclastic Shelves --- O. Michelsen and M. Danielsen: Sequence and systems tract interpretation of the epicontinental Oligocene deposits in the Danish North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.01 --- P. B. Konradi: Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the post-mid-Miocene in the Danish Central Trough, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:15-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.02 --- P. Jacobs and M. De Batist: Sequence stratigraphy and architecture on a ramp-type continental shelf: the Belgian Palaeogene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:23-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.03 --- D. Mellere and R. J. Steel: Tidal sedimentation in Inner Hebrides half grabens, Scotland: the Mid-Jurassic Bearreraig Sandstone Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:49-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.04 --- L. A. Spalletti: Estuarine and shallow-marine sedimentation in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary west-central Patagonian Basin (Argentina) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:81-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.05 --- Modern siliciclastic Shelves: Architecture, Sea Level, Tectonics and Sediment Supply --- J. B. Anderson, K. Abdulah, S. Sarzalejo, F. Siringan, and M. A. Thomas: Late Quaternary sedimentation and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the east Texas shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:95-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.06 --- G. Ercilla and B. Alonso: Quaternary siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy of western Mediterranean passive and tectonically active margins: the role of global versus local controlling factors / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:125-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.07 --- F. J. Hernández-Molina, L. Somoza, and J. Rey: Late Pleistocene-Holocene high-resolution sequence analysis on the Alboran Sea continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:139-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.08 --- A. Correggiari, M. E. Field, and F. Trincardi: Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved Adriatic shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:155-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.09 --- P. J. Bart and J. B. Anderson: Seismic expression of depositional sequences associated with expansion and contraction of ice sheets on the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:171-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.10 --- H. P. Sejrup, E. L. King, I. Aarseth, H. Haflidason, and A. Elverhøi: Quaternary erosion and depositional processes: western Norwegian fjords, Norwegian Channel and North Sea Fan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.11 --- G. Lericolais, P. Guennoc, J.-P. Auffret, J.-F. Bourillet, and S. Berne: Detailed survey of the western end of the Hurd Deep (English Channel): new facts for a tectonic origin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:203-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.12 --- Nearshore and Coastal Environments --- J. M. L. Dominguez: The São Francisco strandplain: a paradigm for wave-dominated deltas? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:217-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.13 --- J. V. Barrie and K. W. Conway: Evolution of a nearshore and coastal macrotidal sand transport system, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:233-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.14 --- W. J. Cleary, S. R. Riggs, D. C. Marcy, and S. W. Snyder: The influence of inherited geological framework upon a hardbottom-dominated shoreface on a high-energy shelf: Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:249-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.15 --- V. Eitner, R. Kaiser, H. D. Niemeyer, and V. Eitner: Nearshore sediment transport processes due to moderate hydrodynamic conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:267-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.16 --- New Techniques in Continental Shelf Research --- R. J. De Meijer, I. C. Tánczos, and C. Stapel: Radiometry as a technique for use in coastal research / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:289-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.17 --- T. Missiaen, T. M. McGee, D. Pearks, G. Ollier, and F. Theilen: An interdisciplinary approach to the evaluation of physical parameters of shallow marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:299-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.18 --- A. M. Davis: Geophysics in offshore site investigation: a review of the state of the art / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:323-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Keith Nicholson, James R. Hein, Bernhard Bühn, and Somnath Dasgupta: Precambrian to modern manganese mineralization: Changes in ore type and depositional environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.01 --- Review --- Supriya Roy: Genetic diversity of manganese deposition in the terrestrial geological record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:5-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.02 --- Precambrian Deposits --- G.P. Glasby: Fractionation of manganese from iron in Archaean and Proterozoic sedimentary ores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:29-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.03 --- Dmitri A. Kulik and Michael N. Korzhnev: Lithological and geochemical evidence of Fe and Mn pathways during deposition of Lower Proterozoic banded iron formation in the Krivoy Rog Basin (Ukraine) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:43-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.04 --- Bernhard Bühn and Ian G. Stanistreet: Insight into the enigma of Neoproterozoic manganese and iron formations from the perspective of supercontinental break-up and glaciation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.05 --- C. Manikyamba and S.M. Naqvi: Mineralogy and geochemistry of Archaean greenstone belt-hosted Mn formations and deposits of the Dharwar Craton: Redox potential of proto-oceans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:91-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.06 --- Joydip Mukhopadhyay, Asru K. Chaudhuri, and S. K. Chanda: Deep-water manganese deposits in the mid- to late Proterozoic Penganga Group of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, South India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:105-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.07 --- Keith Nicholson, V. K. Nayak, and J. K. Nanda: Manganese ores of the Ghoriajhor-Monmunda area, Sundergarh District, Orissa, India: geochemical evidence for a mixed Mn source / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:117-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.08 --- Cenozoic Deposits --- James R. Hein, Andrea Koschinsky, Peter Halbach, Frank T. Manheim, Michael Bau, Jung-Keuk Kang, and Naomi Lubick: Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:123-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.09 --- D. S. Cronan: Some controls on the geochemical variability of manganese nodules with particular reference to the tropical South Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.10 --- U. Von Stackelberg: Growth history of manganese nodules and crusts of the Peru Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:153-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.11 --- Akira Usui and Masao Someya: Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the northwest Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:177-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.12 --- B. Nagender Nath, W. L. Plüger, and I. Roelandts: Geochemical constraints on the hydrothermal origin of ferromanganese encrustations from the Rodriguez Triple Junction, Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:199-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.13 --- G. P. Glasby, E. M. Emelyanov, V. A. Zhamoida, G. N. Baturin, T. Leipe, R. Bahlo, and P. Bonacker: Environments of formation of ferromanganese concretions in the Baltic Sea: a critical review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:213-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.14 --- J. Rey, L. Somoza, J. Martínez-Frías, R. Benito, and S. Martín-Alfageme: Deception Island (Antarctica): a new target for exploration of Fe-Mn mineralization? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.15 --- A. Crespo and R. Lunar: Terrestrial hot-spring Co-rich Mn mineralization in the Pliocene-Quaternary Calatrava Region (central Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:253-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.16 --- K. M. Michailidis, K. Nicholson, M. K. Nimfopoulos, and R. A. D. Pattrick: An EPMA and SEM study of the Mn-oxide mineralization of Kato Nevrokopi, Macedonia, northern Greece: Controls on formation of the Mn4+ oxides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:265-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.17 --- Hiroyuki Miura and Yu Hariya: Recent manganese oxide deposits in Hokkaido, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:281-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.18 --- Geochemistry and Mineralogy --- Lev M. Gramm-Osipov: Formation of solid phases of manganese in oxygenated aquatic environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:301-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.19 --- Keith Nicholson and Mark Eley: Geochemistry of manganese oxides: metal adsorption in freshwater and marine environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:309-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.20 --- Somnath Dasgupta: P-T-X relationships during metamorphism of manganese-rich sediments: Current status and future studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:327-337, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.21 --- M. K. Nimfopoulos, K. M. Michailidis, and G. Christofides: Zincian rancieite from the Kato Nevrokopi manganese deposits, Macedonia, northern Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:339-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.22 --- S. D. Gamblin and D. S. Urch: The determination of the valency of manganese in mineralogical and environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:349-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: The Context of Palaeohydrology --- K. J. Gregory: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.01 --- L. Starkel: Palaeohydrological reconstruction: advantages and disadvantages / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:9-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.02 --- Nigel W. Arnell: Palaeohydrology and future climate change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:19-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.03 --- J. M. Adams and H. Faure: Changes in moisture balance between glacial and interglacial conditions: influence on carbon cycle processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:27-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.04 --- D. E. Walling: Erosion and sediment yield in a changing environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:43-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.05 --- A. G. Brown: Human dimensions of palaeohydrological change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:57-72, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.06 --- V. R. Baker: Discovering Earth’s future in its past: palaeohydrology and global environmental change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:73-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.07 --- Approaches to Palaeohydrological Analysis --- Mediterranean, Tropical and Monsoon Regions --- G. Benito, M. J. Machado, and A. Pérez-González: Climate change and flood sensitivity in Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:85-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.08 --- Ian C. Fuller, Mark G. Macklin, David G. Passmore, Paul A. Brewer, John Lewin, and Ann G. Wintle: Geochronologies and environmental records of Quaternary fluvial sequences in the Guadalope basin, northeast Spain, based on luminescence dating / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:99-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.09 --- Yehouda Enzel, Lisa L. Ely, P. Kyle House, and Victor R. Baker: Magnitude and frequency of Holocene palaeofloods in the southwestern United States: A review and discussion of implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:121-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.10 --- Michael F. Thomas and Martin B. Thorp: The response of geomorphic systems to climatic and hydrological change during the Late Glacial and early Holocene in the humid and sub-humid tropics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:139-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.11 --- Vishwas S. Kale, Lisa L. Ely, Yehouda Enzel, and Victor R. Baker: Palaeo and historical flood hydrology, Indian Peninsula / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:155-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.12 --- Cold Regions --- Paul A. Carling: A preliminary palaeohydraulic model applied to late Quaternary gravel dunes: Altai Mountains, Siberia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:165-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.13 --- A. F. Yamskikh: Late Quaternary intra-continental river palaeohydrology and polycyclic terrace formation: the example of south Siberian river valleys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:181-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.14 --- Temperate Regions --- J. M. Hooke: River responses to decadal-scale changes in discharge regime: the Gila River, SE Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:191-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.15 --- T. Kalicki: Climatic or anthropogenic alluviation in Central European valleys during the Holocene? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:205-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.16 --- Barbara T. Rumsby and Mark G. Macklin: River response to the last neoglacial (the ‘Little Ice Age’) in northern, western and central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:217-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.17 --- A Future for Palaeohydrology --- J. Branson, K. J. Gregory, and M. J. Clark: Issues in scientific co-operation on information sharing: the case of palaeohydrology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:235-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.18 --- J. R. Pilcher: The Past Global Changes (PAGES) Project / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:251-256, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.19 --- A. G. Brown: Palaeohydrology: prospects and future advances / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 115:257-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.115.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: In an increasingly globalized world, an understanding of the role of international trade is central to the study of agricultural economics and agribusiness. This text interweaves these two elements, explaining the theories and practices relevant to agricultural trade. Using real-life examples to explain theories and models, the text prepares readers to critically examine agricultural trade issues. In addition to its comprehensive coverage, each chapter features chapter overviews and summaries, key concepts, questions for review, and suggested readings.Explains the theories and practices releva

Description / Table of Contents: The very successful orbital missions of the 1990's, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, provided key mineralogical, geochemical, and geophysical data sets that extended our view of the Moon beyond what we knew from Apollo and Luna exploration to a truly global perspective. These new data sets have been integrated with information gained from three preceding decades of study of lunar samples and older, less complete remotely sensed data sets. Although there have been no new lunar sample-return missions since Apollo and Luna, new samples are available in the form of meteorites, recognized to be pieces of the Moon. These, too, play a role in improved knowledge of the Moon and in helping to couple information obtained by remote sensing with information obtained from rock and soil samples. As we stand on the edge of a new era of lunar and planetary exploration, including new missions to the Moon, Mars, and other planets and moons, we find it essential to examine in depth how the wide variety of data sets obtained during the course of lunar exploration can be used together to better understand the formation of the Moon and how it evolved to its present state. Such an understanding holds important lessons for the new era of lunar exploration as well as the exploration of other planets in the Solar System. This will ultimately lead to better knowledge of how our own planet Earth - with its unique environment suitable for the origin and evolution of life - originated and changed with time. This book assesses the current state of knowledge of lunar geoscience, given the data sets provided by missions of the 1990's, and lists remaining key questions as well as new ones for future exploration to address. It documents how a planet or moon other than the world on which we live can be studied and understood in light of integrated suites of specific kinds of information. The Moon is the only body other than Earth for which we have material samples of known geologic context for study. This book seeks to show how the different kinds of information gained about the Moon relate to each other and also to learn from this experience, thus allowing more efficient planning for the exploration of other worlds.

Description / Table of Contents: Nicht nur Musiker, Autoren und Künstler müssen sich heute mit dem Thema Urheberrecht beschäftigen, sondern auch Musikliebhaber und Internetnutzer. Fragen, die sich bei der Nutzung digitaler Medien stellen, sind für Laien nicht einfach zu beantworten. Und die Veränderungen im Urheberrecht geben sogar Juristen Rätsel auf. iRights.info erklärt einfach und verständlich, was man beim Kopieren von CDs beachten muss: Welche Regeln gibt es, wenn man eigene Musik macht, Filme dreht oder Bücher schreibt? Wie funktionieren freie Lizenzen? Wie hat sich das Urheberrecht entwickelt? Und was bedeutet das für Autoren und Nutzer? iRights.info wurde 2006 mit dem Grimme Online Award ausgezeichnet. 2008 erhielt es den Klicksafe Preis für Sicherheit im Internet.

Description / Table of Contents: Besitzen Autoren ihre Werke? Ist Wissen ohne rechtlichen Schutz vermarktbar, verwertbar oder wertlos? Dieser Sammelband gibt in 15 Beiträgen einen Überblick über die sich wandelnde Beziehung zwischen Wissen und Eigentum. In so verschiedenen Bereichen wie der klassischen Musik, der traditionellen Heilkunde in Mexiko oder dem Handel mit den Adressdaten werden die Auswirkungen der Behandlung von Wissen als Eigentum anschaulich erläutert.

Description / Table of Contents: The chapters in this volume represent an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction held prior to the 19th annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference in Davos, Switzerland (June 19-21, 2009). This volume stems from a convergence of a number of factors. First, there is a compelling societal need to resuscitate the field of the thermodynamics and kinetics of natural processes. This field is essential to quantify and predict the response of the Earth’s surface and crust to the disequilibria caused by the various natural and anthropic inputs of energy to our planet. As such, it serves as the basis for sustainable development and assuring the quality of life on the Earth; it serves as the key to understanding the long term future of radioactive waste storage, toxic metal mobility in the environment, the fate of CO2 injected into the subsurface as part of carbon sequestration efforts, quantifying the quality of petroleum reservoirs and generating novel methods of petroleum extraction, and the identification of new ore deposits. The recent interest in the weathering of continental surfaces and its impact on global elemental cycles and climate evolution has also brought new attention to the thermodynamics and kinetics of water-rock interactions as it has become evident that only a true mechanistic approach based on robust thermodynamic and kinetic laws and parameters can accurately model these processes. Yet, this field has, in many ways, atrophied over the past two decades. Relatively few students have pursued graduate research in this field; many of the great contributors to this field have retired or otherwise moved on. No doubt some of this atrophy was caused by economic factors. For roughly two decades from the mid-1980’s to the mid-2000’s the price of base metals and petroleum, when adjusted for inflation, were at lows not seen for over a generation. Some of this atrophy was also caused by past successes in this field; the development and success of computer generated thermodynamic databases, for example, giving the illusion that the work of scientists in this field was complete. A second factor motivating the creation of this volume was that it was requested by our graduate students. We currently coordinate two European Research Networks: MIR and MIN-GRO, and participate in two others GRASP and DELTA-MIN. As part of these networks we ran summer schools on the thermodynamics and kinetics of water-rock interaction in La Palma, Spain and in Anglet, France. In total theses classes were attended by roughly 100 students. By the end of these schools, we received numerous demands from our students requesting a book to help them follow the subject, as they, like most when introduced to thermodynamics and kinetics, got rapidly lost among the equations, symbols, and conventions, and standard states. This volume is an attempt to help these and others through these formalities towards applying the many advances available in thermodynamics and kinetics towards solving academic and societal problems. A third factor is that we felt this volume would be a great way of getting many of our friends to write up that review paper that we have been hoping they would write for years. The chapters in this volume represent our effort to do just this. We recall Dave Sherman first explaining to us how to perform first principle thermodynamics calculations at an European Research Conference in Crete, Greece during 1999. We recall that his explanations were so clear that we wished to have recorded it. Manolo Prieto gave in La Palma, Spain a lecture summarizing decades of research on the thermodynamics of solid solutions. This lecture opened up our eyes to how little we know about the chemistry of minor and trace elements, and how they can drastically alter the pathways of reactions in nature. He also made us aware of the thermodynamic formalism available for advancing our ability to quantify the behavior of these elements in complex natural systems. Another lecture we left knowing that we needed a permanent record of was that of Dmitrii Kulik on the thermodynamics of sorption in Jena, Germany. After leaving Dmitrii’s talk, we felt that we finally understood the differences between the various models used to describe sorption. Yet another chapter we felt essential to see published is a summary of the latest advances in mineral precipitation kinetics. We have followed the work of Bertrand Fritz for years as he developed a new formalism for quantifying mineral nucleation and growth, and in particular practical approaches to apply this formalism to complex systems. We are very pleased we were able to convince him to contribute his chapter to this volume. Other chapters we believed were essential to include was that of Andrew Putnis, who has gathered extensive evidence for the existence of mineral transformation reactions, a novel and widespread mechanism in nature. Through this volume we were able to get Andrew to bring all this evidence together in a single place, where we can see clearly the significance and pervasiveness of these reactions. Similarly Jichwar Ganor has, over the past two decades, gathered a variety of evidence showing how organic compounds affect both thermodynamics and kinetics. Jichwar’s chapter brings all this evidence together in one place for the first time. This volume is completed with the future of this field, the application of thermodynamics and kinetics to natural phenomena. Two of the leaders in the development and application of reactive transport modeling are Carl Steefel and Chen Zhu. Carl, who has written what may be the most advanced reactive transport modeling code currently available, together with Kate Malher has written an informative summary of recent advances in reactive transport modeling. Chen then shows how the use of these models provides insight into the relative role of dissolution and precipitation kinetics in natural processes. This volume finishes with insightful applications of reactive transport modeling together with field observations to understand chemical weathering from the centimeter to the regional scale by Susan Brantley, Art White and Yves Goddéris.

Description / Table of Contents: Minerals are intrinsically resistant to the processes that homogenize silicate liquids—their compositions thus yield an archive of volcanic and magmatic processes that are invisible at the whole rock scale. New experiments, and recent advances in micro-analytical techniques open a new realm of detail regarding the mineralogical record; this volume summarizes some of this progress. The alliance of the sub-fields reviewed in this volume bear upon fundamental issues of volcanology: At what depths are eruptions triggered, and over what time scales? Where and why do magmas coalesce before ascent? If magmas stagnate for thousands of years, what forces are responsible for initiating final ascent, or the degassing processes that accelerate upward motion? To the extent that we can answer these questions, we move towards formulating tests of mechanistic models of volcanic eruptions (e.g., Wilson, 1980; Slezin, 2003; Scandone et al., 2007), and hypotheses of the tectonic controls on magma transport (e.g., ten Brink and Brocher, 1987; Takada, 1994; Putirka and Busby, 2007). Our goal, in part, is to review how minerals can be used to understand volcanic systems and the processes that shape them; we also hope that this work will spur new and integrated studies of volcanic systems. Our review begins by tracing the origins of mineral grains, and methods to estimate pressures (P) and temperatures (T) of crystallization. Hammer shows how "dynamic" experiments (conducted with varying P or T) yield important insights into crystal growth. Chapters by Putirka, Anderson, and Blundy and Cashman review various igneous geothermometers and geobarometers and introduce new calibrations. Among these chapters are many familiar models involving olivine, amphibole, feldspar, pyroxene, and spinel. Blundy and Cashman introduce new methods based on phase equilibria, and in another chapter, Hansteen and Klügel review P estimation based on densities of entrapped fluids and appropriate equations of state. Rutherford's chapter returns to the issue of disequilibrium, with a review of methods to estimate magma ascent rates, and a summary of results. Our volume then moves to a review of melt inclusions. Kent shows how pre-mixed magma compositions can be preserved as inclusions, providing a window into pre-eruptive conditions. Métrich and Wallace review the volatile contents in basaltic melt inclusions and "magma degassing paths". Such methods rely upon vapor saturation pressures, which are derived from experimentally calibrated models. Chapters by Moore and Blundy and Cashman test two of the most important models, by Newman and Lowenstern (2002) (VolatileCalc) and Papale et al. (2006). Moore provides a guide to the appropriate use of these models, and their respective errors. The next four chapters document insights obtained from isotopic studies and diffusion profiles. Ramos and Tepley review developments of micro-analytical isotope measurements, which now have the potential to elucidate even the most cryptic of open system behaviors. Cooper and Reid examine the time scales for such processes through U-series age dating techniques, and Bindeman reviews oxygen isotopes and their uses as tracers of both magmas and crystals. Costa then reviews yet another means to estimate the rates of magmatic processes, using mineral diffusion profiles, with important implications for magma processing. In the next two chapters, Streck reviews an array of imaging methods and mineral textures, and their potential for disentangling mixed magmas, and Armienti takes a new look at the analysis of crystal size distributions (CSD), with applications to Mt. Etna. Our volume concludes with a chapter by Bachmann and Bergantz summarizing compositional zonations and a review of the thermal and compositional forces that drive open system behavior. Finally, descriptions of many of the most common analytical approaches are also reviewed within these chapters. Analytical topics include: secondary ion mass spectrometry (Blundy and Cashman; Kent); electron microprobe (Blundy and Cashman; Kent; Métrich and Wallace; laser ablation ICP-MS (Kent; Ramos and Tepley); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Moore; Métrich and Wallace); microsampling and isotope mass spectrometry (Ramos and Tepley); U-series measurement techniques (Cooper and Reid); Nomarski differential interference contrasts (Streck); micro-Raman spectroscopy (Métrich and Wallace); back-scattered electron microscopy, and cathodoluminescence (Blundy and Cashman). As noted, our hope is that integrated studies can bring us closer to understanding how volcanic systems evolve and why eruptions occur. Our primary goal is to review how minerals can be used to understand volcanic systems; we also hope that this review might spur new and integrated studies of volcanic systems.

Description / Table of Contents: Paul D. Ryan: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:vii-x, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.01 --- P. D. Ryan and C. Mac Niocaill: Continental Tectonics: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.02 --- Peter F. Ballance: Simplification of the Southwest Pacific Neogene arcs: inherited complexity and control by a retreating pole of rotation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:7-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.03 --- Laurent Jolivet, Claudio Faccenna, Nicola D’Agostino, Marc Fournier, and Dan Worrall: The kinematics of back-arc basins, examples from the Tyrrhenian, Aegean and Japan Seas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:21-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.04 --- John Dewey and Maria Mange: Petrography of Ordovician and Silurian sediments in the western Irish Caledonides: tracers of a short-lived Ordovician continent-arc collision orogeny and the evolution of the Laurentian Appalachian-Caledonian margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:55-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.05 --- J. A. Plant, P. Stone, and J. R. Mendum: Regional geochemistry, terrane analysis and metallogeny in the British Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:109-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.06 --- Nicholas Rast, Frank R. Ettensohn, and Diana E. Rast: Taconian seismogenic deformation in the Appalachian Orogen and the North American Craton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:127-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.07 --- M. P. Searle, D. J. Waters, M. W. Dransfield, B. J. Stephenson, C. B. Walker, J. D. Walker, and D. C. Rex: Thermal and mechanical models for the structural and metamorphic evolution of the Zanskar High Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:139-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.08 --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Separate episodes of eclogite and blueschist facies metamorphism in the Aegean metamorphic core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:157-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.09 --- V. Pease and J. Argent: The Northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part I: Structural profile through a crustal extensional detachment system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:179-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.10 --- V. Pease, D. Foster, J. Wooden, P. O’Sullivan, J. Argent, and C. Fanning: The Northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part II: Exhumation history and detachment faulting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:199-203,NP,205-226,NP,228-232,NP,233-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.11 --- Z. R. Beydoun: Evolution and development of the Levant (Dead Sea Rift) Transform System: A historical-chronological review of a structural controversy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:239-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.12 --- M. A. Khan, J. Mechie, C. Birt, G. Byrne, S. Gaciri, B. Jacob, G. R. Keller, P. K. H. Maguire, O. Novak, I. O. Nyambok, J. P. Patel, C. Prodehl, D. Riaroh, S. Simiyu, and H. Thybo: The lithospheric structure of the Kenya Rift as revealed by wide-angle seismic measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:257-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.13 --- Garry D. Karner and Neal W. Driscoll: Style, timing and distribution of tectonic deformation across the Exmouth Plateau, northwest Australia, determined from stratal architecture and quantitative basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:271-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.14 --- Jeffrey A. Karson and C. Kent Brooks: Structural and magmatic segmentation of the Tertiary East Greenland Volcanic Rifted Margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:313-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.15 --- Erratum --- Erratum: Thermal and mechanical models for the structural and metamorphic evolution of the Zanskar High Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: N. H. Woodcock, D. G. Quirk, W. R. Fitches, and R. P. Barnes: In sight of the suture: the early Palaeozoic geological history of the Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.01 --- T. D. Ford, Eva Wilson, and D. J. Burnett: Previous ideas and models of the stratigraphy, structure and mineral deposits of the Manx Group, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:11-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.02 --- Manx Group Stratigraphy and Lithofacies --- S. G. Molyneux: A reassessment of Manx Group acritarchs, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:23-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.03 --- P. J. Orr and M. P. A. Howe: Macrofauna and ichnofauna of the Manx Group (early Ordovician), Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:33-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.04 --- N. H. Woodcock, J. H. Morris, D. G. Quirk, R. P. Barnes, D. J. Burnett, W. R. Fitches, P. S. Kennan, and G. M. Power: Revised lithostratigraphy of the Manx Group, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:45-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.05 --- D. G. Quirk and D. J. Burnett: Lithofacies of Lower Palaeozoic deep-marine sediments in the Isle of Man: a new map and stratigraphic model of the Manx Group / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:69-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.06 --- Manx Group Sedimentation --- N. H. Woodcock and R. P. Barnes: An early Ordovician turbidite system on the Gondwana margin: the southeastern Manx Group, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:89-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.07 --- P. S. Kennan and J. H. Morris: Manganiferous ironstones in the early Ordovician Manx Group, Isle of Man: a protolith of coticule? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:109-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.08 --- N. H. Woodcock and J. H. Morris: Debris flows on the Ordovician margin of Avalonia: Lady Port Formation, Manx Group, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:121-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.09 --- R. P. Barnes, G. M. Power, and D. C. Cooper: The definition of sandstone-bearing formations in the Isle of Man and correlation with adjacent areas — evidence from sandstone chemistry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:139-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.10 --- Magmatism --- J. D. A. Piper, A. J. Biggin, and S. F. Crowley: Magnetic survey of the Poortown Dolerite, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:155-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.11 --- G. M. Power and S. F. Crowley: Petrological and geochemical evidence for the tectonic affinity of the (?)Ordovician Poortown Basic Intrusive Complex, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:165-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.12 --- Post-Ordovician Units --- M. P. A. Howe: The Silurian fauna (graptolite and nautiloid) of the Niarbyl Formation, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:177-187, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.13 --- J. H. Morris, N. H. Woodcock, and M. P. A. Howe: The Silurian succession of the Isle of Man: the late Wenlock Niarbyl Formation, Dalby Group / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:189-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.14 --- J. D. A. Piper and S. F. Crowley: Palaeomagnetism of (Palaeozoic) Peel Sandstones and Langness Conglomerate Formation, Isle of Man: implications for the age and regional diagenesis of Manx red beds / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:213-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.15 --- Tectonics and Metamorphism --- G. S. Kimbell and D. G. Quirk: Crustal magnetic structure of the Irish Sea region: evidence for a major basement boundary beneath the Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:227-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.16 --- D. G. Quirk, D. J. Burnett, G. S. Kimbell, C. A. Murphy, and J. S. Varley: Shallow geophysical and geological evidence for a regional-scale fault duplex in the Lower Palaeozoic of the Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:239-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.17 --- W.R. Fitches, R. P. Barnes, and J. H. Morris: Geological structure and tectonic evolution of the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:259-287, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.18 --- G. M. Power and R. P. Barnes: Relationships between metamorphism and structure on the northern edge of eastern Avalonia in the Manx Group, Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:289-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.19 --- Regional Comparisons --- R. P. Barnes and P. Stone: Trans-Iapetus contrasts in the geological development of southern Scotland (Laurentia) and the Lakesman Terrane (Avalonia) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:307-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.20 --- P. Stone, A. H. Cooper, and J. A. Evans: The Skiddaw Group (English Lake District) reviewed: early Palaeozoic sedimentation and tectonism at the northern margin of Avalonia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:325-336, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.21 --- B. J. McConnell, J. H. Morris, and P. S. Kennan: A comparison of the Ribband Group (southeastern Ireland) to the Manx Group (Isle of Man) and Skiddaw Group (northwestern England) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:337-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.22 --- Bibliography --- Eva Wilson: A bibliography of the geology of the Isle of Man / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 160:345-361, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.160.01.23