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Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges (1996)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; MacLeod, C. J. ; Tyler, Peter A. ; [et al.]

London : The Geological Society

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Keywords: Geologie ; Mittelozeanischer Rücken ; Deep-sea ecology ; Hydrothermal vents ; Magmatism ; Mid-ocean ridges ; Sea-floor spreading ; Submarine geology

Description / Table of Contents: Jean-Christophe Sempéré, Brian P. West, and Louis Géli: The Southeast Indian Ridge between 127° and 132°40′E: contrasts in segmentation characteristics and implications for crustal accretion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.01 --- Philippe Blondel: Segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of the Azores, based on acoustic classification of TOBI data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.02 --- Eddie McAllister and Johnson R. Cann: Initiation and evolution of boundary-wall faults along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 25–29°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:29-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.03 --- Simon Allerton, Roger C. Searle, and Bramley J. Murton: Bathymetric segmentation and faulting on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24°00′N to 24°40′N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:49-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.04 --- Kate Lawson, Roger C. Searle, Julian A. Pearce, Paul Browning, and Pamela Kempton: Detailed volcanic geology of the MARNOK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Kane transform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:61-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.05 --- Rodey Batiza: Magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:103-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.06 --- C. J. Robinson, R. S. White, M. J. Bickle, and T. A. Minshull: Restricted melting under the very slow-spreading Southwest Indian ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:131-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.07 --- Stephen J. Edwards, Trevor J. Falloon, John Malpas, and Rolf B. Pedersen: A review of the petrology of harzburgites at Hess Deep and Garrett Deep: implications for mantle processes beneath segments of the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.08 --- Rachel M. Haymon: The response of ridge-crest hydrothermal systems to segmented, episodic magma supply / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:157-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.09 --- C. R. German, L. M. Parson, B. J. Murton, and H. D. Needham: Hydrothermal activity and ridge segmentation on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a tale of two hot-spots? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:169-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.10 --- C. J. MacLeod and C. E. Manning: Influence of axial segmentation on hydrothermal circulation at fast-spreading ridges: insights from Hess Deep / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:185-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.11 --- V. V. Zaykov, V. V. Maslennikov, E. V. Zaykova, and R. J. Herrington: Hydrothermal activity and segmentation in the Magnitogorsk-West Mugodjarian zone on the margins of the Urals palaeo-ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:199-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.12 --- Eve C. Southward, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael B. Black, David R. Dixon, and Linda R.J. Dixon: Ocean-ridge segmentation and vent tubeworms (Vestimentifera) in the NE Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.13 --- Verena Tunnicliffe, C. Mary R. Fowler, and Andrew G. Mcarthur: Plate tectonic history and hot vent biogeography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:225-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.14 --- E. G. Nisbet and C. M. R. Fowler: The hydrothermal imprint on life: did heat-shock proteins, metalloproteins and photosynthesis begin around hydrothermal vents? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.15

Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 258 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

ISBN: 1897799721

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/118/1

Language: English

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Fine-layer depth relationships of lakewater chemistry, planktonic algae and photosynthetic bacteria in meromictic Lake Fidler, Tasmania (1985)

BAKER, ALAN L. ; BAKER, KATHLEEN KROMER ; TYLER, PETER A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Freshwater biology 15 (1985), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SUMMARY. 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1Use of a multi-column thin-layer pneumatic sampler and modified analytic procedures has enabled resolutions of chemical and biological strata at 2.5 or 5.0 cm depth intervals. Examination of meromictic Lake Fidler, Tasmania, indicates the presence of a thin, intense stratum of bacteriochlorohyll d in the upper monimolimnion, associated with a discrete stratum of Chlorobium cf. limicola at the microaerobic interface between the oxygenated and sulphide-rich zones.2Algae included small populations of Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cryptophyceae. Bacteria included microaerophils and obligate anaerobes, pigmented and colourless, in well-defined strata in the upper monimolimnion. A population of the microcrustacean Calamoecia tasmanica tasmanica was present in the mixolimnion. Chaoborus larvae were concentrated within the Chlorobium layer.3The chemical profile of Lake Fidler was stable, with a chemocline constant in position relative to the lake bottom. The surface water levels rose and fell through a distance of 1m in conjunction with heavy rainfall in the rainforest, and with river level variation, but had no measurable effect on the absolute position of the chemocline. Marked heterogeneity of dissolved substances at depths in the vicinity of bacteria suggested endogenous influence on pH and gelbstoff (‘gilvin’ in Australia).4Downwelling light attenuation was influenced primarily by gelbstoff (‘gilvin’) in the mixolimnion, with only red light (peak at 700 nm) measurable below 2 m. Light was absorbed mainly by Chlorobium in the monimolimnion, and was unmeasurable deeper than 3 m.5The absorption spectrum of the bacteriochlorophyll d in vivo, with a maximum absorbance at 721 nm, corresponds with the available downwelling light penetrating the mixolimnion to the Chlorobium layer.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00245.x

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Analysis of fossil pigments from algae and bacteria in meromictic Lake Fidler, Tasmania, and its application to lake management (1998)

Hodgson, Dominic A. ; Wright, Simon W. ; Tyler, Peter A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of paleolimnology 19 (1998), S. 1-22

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ISSN: 1573-0417

Keywords: fossil pigments ; meromixis ; Lake Fidler ; Tasmania ; HPLC ; Mass Spectrometry ; lake management ; algae ; bacteria

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Lake Fidler is an ectogenic meromictic lake with a monimolimnion maintained by periodic incursions of brackish water from the lower Gordon River estuary. A dam across the middle reaches of the Gordon River has restricted these incursions of brackish water and meromictic stability has rapidly declined. A palaeolimnological study was carried in order to assess the historical development of meromixis and the impact of the dam on the microbiological communities in the lake. Fossil pigments in a 17 m sediment core were analysed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, taphonomic studies of pigment production, deposition and degradation in the water column and surface sediments were used to identify planktonic and benthic pigment degradation processes and constrain the stratigraphic interpretation. Results comparing the pigment composition of pelagic sediment traps and littoral surface sediments indicated that the core from the centre of the lake would permit a historical reconstruction of planktonic bacterial and algal communities. Marked increases in prokaryotic pigments ca 3500 yr B.P. suggested the possible colonisation of a chemocline by phototrophic bacteria. Further changes in chlorophyll: carotenoid ratios and changes in relative abundances of both chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives also indicated that a change in the depositional environment had occurred; possibly due to altered stratification or anoxia. From this we infer the onset of either intermittent or permanent meromixis. Further increases in prokaryotic pigment abundance suggested that the present state of permanent meromixis was firmly established by 2070 ±50 14C yr B.P., and diatom analysis confirmed the development of a stable mixolimnion. High resolution studies of the top 10 cm of sediments measured pigments in mean concentrations of 15.1 ng g-1 with a mean S.D. of only 2.78 indicating little change in pigment abundance since the construction of the dam. Thus, Lake Fidler still retains most of the features of meromixis. However, evidence from nearby Lake Morrison and Sulphide Pool has shown that any further declines in meromictic stability will cause a rapid reversion to holomixis. Palaeolimnological evidence from the early stages of meromictic development of Lake Fidler suggests that such reversion to holomixis may not permanently eliminate all the microbiological communities, and that, given time, they may return and prosper with re-establishment of a suitable chemocline. These studies will guide recommendations for a management strategy to prevent the further decay of meromixis in the Gordon River lakes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007909018527

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The recent palaeolimnology of Lake Nicholls, Mount Field National Park, Tasmania (1993)

Cameron, Nigel G. ; Tyler, Peter A. ; Rose, Neil L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Hydrobiologia 269-270 (1993), S. 361-370

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: atmospheric deposition ; Aulacoseira ; carbonaceous particle ; 210Pb ; magnetic mineral ; Lake Nicholls ; palaeolimnology ; Tasmania

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Analyses were carried out for diatoms, spherical carbonaceous particles, and magnetic minerals on a short sediment core from a small cirque lake, Lake Nicholls, in the Mount Field National Park, south-west Tasmania. Catchment disturbance is not evident from the fairly constant sediment accumulation rates and magnetic analyses of the sediment record. However, there is evidence for a low level of atmospheric contamination during the industrial period, which reaches a maximum at the present time, but is less than in many areas of north-west Europe. Changes in the diatom assemblages recorded in the sediment core are likely to be related to factors, other than catchment change or atmospheric contamination, such as the response of within lake processes to climate change. Several diatom taxa found in the cores cannot presently be assigned to known species. Although some of these may later be identified following this preliminary study, it seems highly likely that freshwater lakes in south-west Tasmania contain a number of new and perhaps endemic taxa.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028035

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Chemical stratification and partial meromixis in reservoirs in Tasmania (1990)

Bowling, Lee C. ; Tyler, Peter A.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 194 (1990), S. 67-83

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: Chemical stratification ; partial meromixis ; reservoirs ; Tasmania

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract During the first summer after impoundment, chemical stratification occurred in four deep, steep-sided reservoirs of the Pieman River Power Development, Tasmania, under the influence of thermal stratification and anoxic hypolimnia caused by decaying vegetation in the flooded river valleys. Marked increases occurred in temperature, conductivity, pH, and in concentrations of dissolved iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate in the sulphuretted, reducing, waters which accumulated as monimolimnetic pools adjacent to the dams. This partial, incipient meromixis persisted only in Lake Murchison, where a shallow monimolimnetic pool remained three years later. In the other reservoirs of the Pieman scheme it decayed after one or two years. Reservoir morphometry, degree of shelter, nature of major inflows, and alignment with respect to prevailing winds, are primary factors determining the persistence or eventual decay of chemical stratification in the respective impoundments. In Lake Barrington, another meromictic Tasmanian reservoir, the initial chemical gradient decayed and virtually disappeared, but was reestablished with greater severity than on any previous occasion. The severity of partial meromixis may wax and wane in relation to seasonal or longer-term meteorological events.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012113

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A family of pneumatically-operated thin layer samplers for replicate sampling of heterogeneous water columns (1985)

Baker, Alan L. ; Kromer Baker, Kathleen ; Tyler, Peter A.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 122 (1985), S. 207-211

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: microstratification ; thin layer sampler ; heterogeneous water column ; chemocline ; stratification ; meromixis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract A series of inexpensive, pneumatic thin layer water samplers is described. They can be operated from small boats, and permit sampling at 2.5 cm intervals with little or no disturbance of stratified systems such as oxyclines or redoxclines of meromictic lakes, or microstratification of flagellates in sheltered epilimnia. Some models permit replicate sampling at closely-spaced intervals in a two-dimensional array. Their performance abilities are illustrated with examples of microstratification.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018280

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