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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : Mineralogical Society of America
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 11/M 96.0543
    In: Reviews in mineralogy
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains the contributions presented at a short course held in Golden, Colorado, October 25-27, 1996 in conjunction with the Mineralogical Society of America's (MSA) Annual Meeting with the Geological Society of America in Denver, Colorado. The field of reactive transport within the Earth Sciences is a highly multidisciplinary area of research. The field encompasses a number of diverse disciplines including geochemistry, geology, physics, chemistry, hydrology, and engineering. The literature on the subject is similarly spread out as can be seen by a perusal of the bibliographies at the end of the chapters in this volume. Because these distinct disciplines have evolved largely independently of one another, their respective treatments of reactive transport in the Earth Sciences are based on different terminologies, assumptions, and levels of mathematical rigor. This volume and the short course which accompanies it, is an attempt to some extent bridge the gap between these different disciplines by bringing together authors and students from different backgrounds. A wide variety of geochemical processes including such diverse phenomena as the transport of radiogenic and toxic waste products, diagenesis, hydrothermal ore deposit formation, and metamorphism are the result of reactive transport in the subsurface. Such systems can be viewed as open bio-geochemical reactors where chemical change is driven by the interactions between migrating fluids, solid phases, and organisms. The evolution of these systems involves diverse processes including fluid flow, chemical reaction, and solute transport, each with differing characteristic time scales. This volume focuses on methods to describe the extent and consequences of reactive flow and transport in natural subsurface systems. Our ability to quantify reactive transport in natural systems has advanced dramatically over the past decade. Much of this advance is due to the exponential increase in computer computational power over the past generation-geochemical calculations that took years to perform in 1970 can be performed in seconds in 1996. Taking advantage of this increase of computational power, numerous comprehensive reactive transport models have been developed and applied to natural phenomena. These models can be used either qualitatively or qualitatively to provide insight into natural phenomena. Quantitative models force the investigator to validate or invalidate ideas by putting real numbers into an often vague hypothesis and thereby starting the thought process along a path that may result in acceptance, rejection, or modification of the original hypothesis. Used qualitatively, models provide. insight into the general features of a particular phenomenon, rather than specific details. One of the major questions facing the use of hydrogeochemical models is whether or not they can be used with confidence to predict future evolution of groundwater systems. There is much controversy concerning the validity and uncertainties of non-reactive fluid flow systems. Adding chemical interaction to these flow models only confounds the problem. Although such models may accurately integrate the governing physical and chemical equations, many uncertainties are inherent in characterizing the natural system itself. These systems are inherently heterogeneous on a variety of scales rendering it impossible to know precisely the many details of the flow system and chemical composition of the host rock. Other properties of natural systems such as permeability and mineral surface area, to name just two, may never be known with any great precision, and in fact may be unknowable. Because of these uncertainties, it remains an open question as to what extent numerical models of groundwater flow and reactive transport wilI be useful in making accurate quantitative predictions. Nevertheless, reactive transport models should be able to predict the outcome for the particular representation of the porous medium used in the model. Finally, it should be mentioned that numerical models are often our only recourse to analyze such environmental problems as safe disposal of nuclear waste where predictions must be carried out over geologic time spans. Without such models it would be impossible to analyze such systems, because they involve times too long to perform laboratory experiments. The results of model calculations may affect important political decisions that must be made. Therefore, it is all the more important that models be applied and tested in diverse environments so that confidence and understanding of the limitations and strengths of model predictions are understood before irreversible decisions are made that could adversely affect generations to come.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiii, 438 S.
    ISBN: 0939950421 , 0-939950-45-6 , 978-0-939950-45-4
    ISSN: 1529-6466
    Series Statement: Reviews in mineralogy 34
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Language: English
    Note: Chapter 1. Continuum Formulation of Multicomponent-Multiphase Reactive Transport by Peter C. Lichtner, p. 1 - 82 Chapter 2. Approaches to Modeling of Reactive Transport in Porous Media by Carl I. Steefel and Kerry T. B. MacQuarrie, p. 83 - 130 Chapter 3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Rocks and Fluids for Chemical Mass Transport Calculations by Eric H. Oelkers, p. 131 - 192 Chapter 4. Multicomponent Ion Exchange and Chromatography in Natural Systems by C. A. J. Appelo, p. 193 - 228 Chapter 5. Solute Transport Modeling Under Variably Saturated Water Flow Conditions by Donald L. Suarez and J. Simunek, p. 229 - 268 Chapter 6. Reactive Transport in Heterogeneous Systems: An Overview by Andrew F. B. Tompson and Kenneth J. Jackson, p. 269 - 310 Chapter 7. Microbiological Processes in Reactive Modeling by Bruce E. Rittmann and Jeanne M. VanBriesen, p. 311 - 334 Chapter 8. Biogeochemical Dynamics in Aquatic Sediments by Philippe Van Cappellen and Jean-Francois Gaillard, p. 335 - 376 Chapter 9. Reactive Transport Modeling of Acidic Metal-Contaminated Ground Water at a Site with Sparse Spatial Information by Pierre Glynn and James Brown, p. 377 - 438
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Description / Table of Contents: The chapters in this volume represent an extensive review of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction held prior to the 19th annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference in Davos, Switzerland (June 19-21, 2009). This volume stems from a convergence of a number of factors. First, there is a compelling societal need to resuscitate the field of the thermodynamics and kinetics of natural processes. This field is essential to quantify and predict the response of the Earth’s surface and crust to the disequilibria caused by the various natural and anthropic inputs of energy to our planet. As such, it serves as the basis for sustainable development and assuring the quality of life on the Earth; it serves as the key to understanding the long term future of radioactive waste storage, toxic metal mobility in the environment, the fate of CO2 injected into the subsurface as part of carbon sequestration efforts, quantifying the quality of petroleum reservoirs and generating novel methods of petroleum extraction, and the identification of new ore deposits. The recent interest in the weathering of continental surfaces and its impact on global elemental cycles and climate evolution has also brought new attention to the thermodynamics and kinetics of water-rock interactions as it has become evident that only a true mechanistic approach based on robust thermodynamic and kinetic laws and parameters can accurately model these processes. Yet, this field has, in many ways, atrophied over the past two decades. Relatively few students have pursued graduate research in this field; many of the great contributors to this field have retired or otherwise moved on. No doubt some of this atrophy was caused by economic factors. For roughly two decades from the mid-1980’s to the mid-2000’s the price of base metals and petroleum, when adjusted for inflation, were at lows not seen for over a generation. Some of this atrophy was also caused by past successes in this field; the development and success of computer generated thermodynamic databases, for example, giving the illusion that the work of scientists in this field was complete. A second factor motivating the creation of this volume was that it was requested by our graduate students. We currently coordinate two European Research Networks: MIR and MIN-GRO, and participate in two others GRASP and DELTA-MIN. As part of these networks we ran summer schools on the thermodynamics and kinetics of water-rock interaction in La Palma, Spain and in Anglet, France. In total theses classes were attended by roughly 100 students. By the end of these schools, we received numerous demands from our students requesting a book to help them follow the subject, as they, like most when introduced to thermodynamics and kinetics, got rapidly lost among the equations, symbols, and conventions, and standard states. This volume is an attempt to help these and others through these formalities towards applying the many advances available in thermodynamics and kinetics towards solving academic and societal problems. A third factor is that we felt this volume would be a great way of getting many of our friends to write up that review paper that we have been hoping they would write for years. The chapters in this volume represent our effort to do just this. We recall Dave Sherman first explaining to us how to perform first principle thermodynamics calculations at an European Research Conference in Crete, Greece during 1999. We recall that his explanations were so clear that we wished to have recorded it. Manolo Prieto gave in La Palma, Spain a lecture summarizing decades of research on the thermodynamics of solid solutions. This lecture opened up our eyes to how little we know about the chemistry of minor and trace elements, and how they can drastically alter the pathways of reactions in nature. He also made us aware of the thermodynamic formalism available for advancing our ability to quantify the behavior of these elements in complex natural systems. Another lecture we left knowing that we needed a permanent record of was that of Dmitrii Kulik on the thermodynamics of sorption in Jena, Germany. After leaving Dmitrii’s talk, we felt that we finally understood the differences between the various models used to describe sorption. Yet another chapter we felt essential to see published is a summary of the latest advances in mineral precipitation kinetics. We have followed the work of Bertrand Fritz for years as he developed a new formalism for quantifying mineral nucleation and growth, and in particular practical approaches to apply this formalism to complex systems. We are very pleased we were able to convince him to contribute his chapter to this volume. Other chapters we believed were essential to include was that of Andrew Putnis, who has gathered extensive evidence for the existence of mineral transformation reactions, a novel and widespread mechanism in nature. Through this volume we were able to get Andrew to bring all this evidence together in a single place, where we can see clearly the significance and pervasiveness of these reactions. Similarly Jichwar Ganor has, over the past two decades, gathered a variety of evidence showing how organic compounds affect both thermodynamics and kinetics. Jichwar’s chapter brings all this evidence together in one place for the first time. This volume is completed with the future of this field, the application of thermodynamics and kinetics to natural phenomena. Two of the leaders in the development and application of reactive transport modeling are Carl Steefel and Chen Zhu. Carl, who has written what may be the most advanced reactive transport modeling code currently available, together with Kate Malher has written an informative summary of recent advances in reactive transport modeling. Chen then shows how the use of these models provides insight into the relative role of dissolution and precipitation kinetics in natural processes. This volume finishes with insightful applications of reactive transport modeling together with field observations to understand chemical weathering from the centimeter to the regional scale by Susan Brantley, Art White and Yves Goddéris.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii , 569 pages)
    ISBN: 0939950847
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 112-685A; 201-1230A; Comment; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Joides Resolution; Latitude of event; Leg112; Leg201; Longitude of event; Main Lithology; MC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptune; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Replicates; Sample code/label; South Pacific Ocean; Traces; δ25Mg; δ25Mg, standard deviation; δ26Mg; δ26Mg, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 112 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 201-1230A; 201-1230B; 201-1230D; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg201; Magnesium; MC-ICP-MS Thermo-Finnigan Neptune; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Replicates; Sample code/label; Sample ID; South Pacific Ocean; δ25Mg; δ25Mg, standard deviation; δ26Mg; δ26Mg, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 142 data points
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Mavromatis, Vasileios; Meister, Patrick; Oelkers, Eric H (2014): Using stable Mg isotopes to distinguish dolomite formation mechanisms: A case study from the Peru Margin. Chemical Geology, 385, 84-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.019
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The magnesium isotope composition of diagenetic dolomites and their adjacent pore fluids were studied in a 250 m thick sedimentary section drilled into the Peru Margin during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 201 (Site 1230) and Leg 112 (Site 685). Previous studies revealed the presence of two types of dolomite: type I dolomite forms at ~ 6 m below seafloor (mbsf) due to an increase in alkalinity associated with anaerobic methane oxidation, and type II dolomite forms at focused sites below ~ 230 mbsf due to episodic inflow of deep-sourced fluids into an intense methanogenesis zone. The pore fluid delta 26Mg composition becomes progressively enriched in 26Mg with depth from values similar to seawater (i.e. -0.8 per mil, relative to DSM3 Mg reference material) in the top few meters below seafloor (mbsf) to 0.8 ± 0.2 per mil within the sediments located below 100 mbsf. Type I dolomites have a delta 26Mg of -3.5 per mil, and exhibit apparent dolomite-pore fluid fractionation factors of about -2.6 per mil consistent with previous studies of dolomite precipitation from seawater. In contrast, type II dolomites have delta 26Mg values ranging from -2.5 to -3.0 per mil and are up to -3.6 per mil lighter than the modern pore fluid Mg isotope composition. The enrichment of pore fluids in 26Mg and depletion in total Mg concentration below ~ 200 mbsf is likely the result of Mg isotope fractionation during dolomite formation, The 26Mg enrichment of pore fluids in the upper ~ 200 mbsf of the sediment sequence can be attributed to desorption of Mg from clay mineral surfaces. The obtained results indicate that Mg isotopes recorded in the diagenetic carbonate record can distinguish near surface versus deep formed dolomite demonstrating their usefulness as a paleo-diagenetic proxy.
    Keywords: Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: 112-685; 112-685A; 201-1230A; Calcite; Carbon, inorganic, total; Clay minerals; Comment; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Dolomite; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Feldspar; Joides Resolution; Leg112; Leg201; Magnesium-Calcite; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Quartz; Sample code/label; Sample type; South Pacific Ocean; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, error; δ13C; δ18O
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 386 data points
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  • 7
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 18 (1989), S. 601-640 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Limiting equivalent conductances ; Stokes' law radii ; apparent solvation numbers ; Walden product ; residual friction coefficient ; supercritical aqueous electrolytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The limiting equivalent conductances at temperatures from 0° to 1000°C and pressures from 1 to 5000 bars of a large number of aqueous ions have been calculated from limiting equivalent conductances of electrolytes reported in the literature. The limiting equivalent conductances of individual ions typically increase by a factor of about 15 with increasing temperatures from 0° to 1000°C and decrease about 30 percent with increasing pressure from 1 to 5 kb. The equivalent conductance of H2O approximated by the sum of the limiting equivalent conductances of H+ and OH− is essentially independent of pressure, but increases from about 350 to a maximum of approximately 1800 S-cm2-equiv−1 in response to an increase in temperature from 0° to 500°C at 1kb. Stokes' law radii and Walden products generated from the computed limiting equivalent conductances of ions exhibit changes over the temperature and pressure range of interest by as much as 100 percent for all of the ions except H+ and OH−, which vary by an order of magnitude. Apparent solvation numbers calculated as a function of pressure and temperature from the Stokes' law radii using the volume and dielectric constant of H2O and Born coefficients of the individual ions approach infinity at the critical point of H2O. Residual friction coefficients as a general rule approach zero as temperatures increases to 1000°C. The excess limiting equivalent conductances of the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions computed from the differences between the limiting equivalent conductances of HCl and KCl, and NaOH and NaCl, respectively, increases with increasing pressure, and maximize at 250°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0883-2927
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9134
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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