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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equivalence of voltage bias and geometric waveguide design in directional couplers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2775-2777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using Poincaré coordinates we show that any relative amplitude and phase between the two modes of a directional coupler can be obtained through varying a single electrode voltage and by selecting the correct length for the coupling region. Alternatively, curved waveguide sections can be employed to accomplish the same feat without applied voltage, which we demonstrate using beam propagation simulations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray characterization of strain relaxation in InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3327-3329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Strain relaxed InGaAs/GaAs superlattices grown on GaAs(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied by means of double-crystal x-ray diffractometry. Theoretical simulations of the rocking curves were successfully performed by taking into account the relaxation mechanism, the tilt between the multilayer and the substrate, and the peak broadening effects. It was found that in our sample the misfit strain is relaxed on the multilayer/substrate interface. This leads to the formation of misfit dislocations on the interface with a mean linear density about 9×104 cm−1 and a tilt of 325 s. toward the [010] direction between the multilayer and the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110190
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct writing of chitosan scaffolds using a robotic system (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 11 (2005), S. 90-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - This paper aims to present a novel rapid prototyping (RP) fabrication methods and preliminary characterization for chitosan scaffolds. Design - A desktop rapid prototyping robot dispensing (RPBOD) system has been developed to fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) applications. The system is a computer-controlled four-axis machine with a multiple-dispenser head. Neutralization of the acetic acid by the sodium hydroxide results in a precipitate to form a gel-like chitosan strand. The scaffold properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, porosity calculation and compression test. An example of fabrication of a freeform hydrogel scaffold is demonstrated. The required geometric data for the freeform scaffold were obtained from CT-scan images and the dispensing path control data were converted form its volume model. The applications of the scaffolds are discussed based on its potential for TE. Findings - It is shown that the RPBOD system can be interfaced with imaging techniques and computational modeling to produce scaffolds which can be customized in overall size and shape allowing tissue-engineered grafts to be tailored to specific applications or even for individual patients. Research limitations/implications - Important challenges for further research are the incorporation of growth factors, as well as cell seeding into the 3D dispensing plotting materials. Improvements regarding the mechanical properties of the scaffolds are also necessary. Originality/value - One of the important aspects of TE is the design scaffolds. For customized TE, it is essential to be able to fabricate 3D scaffolds of various geometric shapes, in order to repair tissue defects. RP or solid free-form fabrication techniques hold great promise for designing 3D customized scaffolds; yet traditional cell-seeding techniques may not provide enough cell mass for larger constructs. This paper presents a novel attempt to fabricate 3D scaffolds, using hydrogels which in the future can be combined with cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540510589458
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive exclusion and persistence in models of resource and sexual competition (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 35 (1997), S. 683-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Key words: Resource and sexual competition ; Population dynamics ; Reaction-diffusion systems ; Persistence and exclusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  We study a combined mathematical model of resource and sexual competition. The population dynamics in this model is analyzed through a coupled system of reaction-diffusion equations. It is shown that strong sexual competition and low birth rate lead to competitive exclusion of the biological species. If sexual competition is weak, then the persistence of the species is possible, depending on the initial density functions and the growth rates of the species. When sexual competition affects both species, persistence and competitive exclusion results are also obtained in terms of the ecological data in the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002850050071
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoinhibition of X11/Mint scaffold proteins revealed by the closed conformation of the PDZ tandem (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 12 (2005), S. 722-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Members of the X11/Mint family of multidomain adaptor proteins are composed of a divergent N terminus, a conserved PTB domain and a pair of C-terminal PDZ domains. Many proteins can interact with the PDZ tandem of X11 proteins, although the mechanism of such interactions is unclear. Here we show ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb958
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tetrameric L27 domain complex as an organization platform for supramolecular assemblies (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 11 (2004), S. 475-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] L27 domain, initially identified in the Caenorhabditis elegans Lin-2 and Lin-7 proteins, is a protein interaction module that exists in a large family of scaffold proteins. The domain can function as an organization center of large protein assemblies required for establishment and maintenance of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb751
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Conditioning Parameters on Surface Non-Uniformity of PolishingPad in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 389-390 (Sept. 2008), p. 498-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The calculating model of surface non-uniformity of polishing pad and the kinematicalmodel between polishing pad and conditioner are initially established. Then the effects of severalconditioning parameters were investigated by using the two models. The results of simulation andcalculation show that the width ratio of diamond band of conditoner and the rotation speed at the samespeed ratio between pad and conditioner have little effect on the surface non-uniformity of polishingpad, while at high non-integer rotation speed ratio, the surface non-uniformity of polishing pad isbetter than that at low integer speed ratio. The research results are available to select appropriateconditioning parameters especially for the stringent requirement of within-wafer non-uniformity innext generation IC
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/57/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.389-390.498.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the Wheel Surface Topography in Ultra-precision Grinding of Silicon Wafers (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 389-390 (Sept. 2008), p. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A 3D profiler based on scanning white light interferometry with a lateral sampling intervalof 0.11μm was introduced to measure the surface topography of a #3000 diamond grinding wheel,and a large sampling area could be achieved by its stitching capability without compromising itslateral or vertical resolution. The protrusion height distribution of diamond grains and the staticeffective grain density of the grinding wheel were derived, and the wheel chatter and the deformationof the wheel were analyzed as well. The study shows that the grain protrusion height obeys anapproximate normal distribution, the static effective grain density is much lower than the theoreticaldensity, and only a small number of diamond grains are effective in the grinding process with finediamond grinding wheel. There exists waviness on the grinding wheel surface parallel with the wheelcutting direction. The cutting surface of the grinding wheel is not flat but umbilicate, which indicatesthat the elastic deformation at the wheel edges is much larger than in the center region
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/57/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.389-390.36.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friction-Based 〈i〉In Situ 〈/i〉Endpoint Detection of Copper CMP Process (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 53-54 (July 2008), p. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been extensively used in the integrate circuit(IC) manufacturing industry as a widely accepted global planarization technology, accurate in situendpoint detection of CMP process can reduce the product variance, significantly improve yield andthroughput. A CMP in situ endpoint detection system, which measured the friction and downforceduring CMP process using a specially designed three-axis strain gauge force sensor, was developed.The frictional transition from copper (Cu) to tantalum (Ta) barrier as well as Ta barrier to silicondioxide (SiO2) dielectric was detected during CMP process. The experimental results showed thatthe change of friction could be detected when the polished material changed. The developed CMP insitu endpoint detection system is feasible for 300 mm and 450 mm copper CMP process
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/41/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.53-54.125.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tandem PDZ repeats in glutamate receptor–interacting proteins have a novel mode of PDZ domain–mediated target binding (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 10 (2003), S. 972-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The interaction of the glutamate receptor subunits 2 and 3 (GluR2/3) with multi-PDZ domain glutamate receptor–interacting protein (GRIP) is important for the synaptic trafficking and clustering of the receptors. Binding of GluR2/3 to GRIP requires both the fourth and fifth PDZ domains (PDZ4 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb992
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