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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLOHEXIMIDE AS A MEDIA AMENDMENT FOR ENUMERATING BACTERIAL POPULATIONS IN ANIMAL FEEDS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study was designed to evaluate cycloheximide as a potential media amendment for differential bacterial and fungal enumeration of animal feeds. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cycloheximide on bacterial growth rates and to evaluate its efficacy for the reduction of indigenous spreading fungi when enumerating bacterial populations in three types of feeds and after short or long-term storage. Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens were grown in tryptic soy broth containing cycloheximide to determine its effect on bacterial specific growth rates. Growth rates of B. cereus and S. aureus were significantly decreased by the addition of 600 and 1000 mg/L cycloheximide respectively, but other pure cultures were not significantly influenced by cycloheximide addition. Intrinsic bacterial populations from feed were not significantly affected by cycloheximide additions at concentrations from 10 to 300 mg/L, but the indigenous spreading molds from feeds were significantly decreased by these cycloheximide concentrations and were decreased below detection levels by 300 mg/L of cycloheximide. The addition of 300 mg/L of cycloheximide effectively eliminates fungal growth for accurate enumeration of bacterial populations in feeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1995.tb00112.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GLUCOSE FERMENTATION AND GROWTH OF SELENOMONAS SPUTIGENA ON A MINIMAL MEDIUM (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Very little is known about the growth physiology and metabolic niche of the human oral isolate Selenomonas sputigena. The objective of this study was to devise a minimal medium for comparing growth rates and fermentation of rumen Selenomonas ruminantium strains with S. sputigena. When anaerobically grown on a minimal glucose medium containing yeast extract as the only chemically undefined component, S. sputigena produced acetate, propionate, and succinate while S. ruminantium strains produced primarily lactate. When strains were compared (P 〈 0.05) for each carbon source that yielded growth, rumen strain HD4 grew faster than all other strains on glucose, cellobiose and glycerol while strain GA192 grew faster on trehalose. Rumen strains GA192, PC18, and HD4 grew faster on mannitol than rumen strains D and GA31. S. sputigena grew faster on lactate (0.38 ± 0.04) than any of the S. ruminantium strains. The minimal medium developed in this study should be useful for jurmer physiological studies on fermentation and metabolism in S. sputigena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF GENE AMPLIFICATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH A HYBRIDIZATION SENSOR FOR RAPID DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPP. AND FECAL CONTAMINATION INDICATORS IN ANIMAL FEEDS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 6 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The rapid detection of pathogenic microbial species in feed is of paramount importance considering its implications for animal production and food safety. To demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly detecting Salmonella spp. and fecal pollution microbial indicators in feed using gene amplification protocols, commercial and mixed feed samples were inoculated with two levels of a marker strain of S. typhimurium. Liquid extracts of the feed samples were used as templates in gene amplification reactions to amplify sequences associated with fecal contamination indicators. The sequence specificity of the amplification products (amplicons) were confirmed using biotin and fluorescein labeled probes in a navel dual probe based hybridization sensor. Using the combination of gene amplification and the hybridization sensor, the presence of sequences associated with fecal contamination were detected in 15 different feed matrices without employing preenrichment steps. Using this detection methodology, fecal pollution can be confirmed in feed at naturally occurring concentrations. The study demonstrates that it is possible to rapidly detect and confirm the presence of pathogenic bacterial genera in feed matrices by combining robust gene amplification reactions with appropriate post amplification detection systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1998.tb00202.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASSESSMENT OF AN ESCHERICHIA COLI METHIONINE AUXOTROPH GROWTH ASSAY FOR QUANTIFYING CRYSTALLINE METHIONINE SUPPLEMENTED IN POULTRY FEEDS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Estimating availability of methionine is relevant to feed formulation since diets can be supplemented with crystalline methionine to meet the minimum requirements of rapidly growing birds. Bacterial assays have been developed to measure the bioavailable levels of several essential amino acids in feeds, including methionine. The E. coli methionine auxotroph strain used in this study exhibited a linear extent of growth response to increasing concentrations of methionine added to the minimal test media, in the range of 0 to 4 μg/mL. In addition the growth rates of the E. coli auxotroph were significantly (P 〈 0.01) different when the methionine concentrations were varied (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 μg/mL) in minimal media. To assay feeds, feed grade methionine was added to poultry feed mixtures and samples were diluted with M9 media. Using this assay for estimating crystalline methionine added to feed, the extent of growth of the methionine auxotroph was correlated with the levels of crystalline methionine supplemented in the feed (R2= 0.9873). For all supplementation levels methionine recovery percentages ranged from 71 to 80% indicating that the bacterial assay response to crystalline methionine was relatively constant in the presence of the feed matrix. The overall results indicate that the rapid detection of crystalline methionine added to feeds is possible using this E. coli methionine auxotroph growth-based assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00060.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (DGGE) AS A RAPID METHOD FOR ASSESSING GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT MICROFLORA RESPONSES IN LAYING HENS FED SIMILAR ZINC MOLT INDUCTION DIETS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Induced molting through feed withdrawal can change the microenvironment of crop and ceca sufficiently to allow them to be the sites of Salmonella colonization in the chicken intestine. This study compares the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of microbial crop and cecal communities among molted hens fed similar zinc acetate or zinc propionate amended molt diets to hens either undergoing feed withdrawal or hens full fed and not molted. Dendrograms of DGGE amplicon patterns indicated over 85% similarity of cecal communities between zinc acetate fed hens and zinc propionate fed hens and over 60% similarity of crop communities between zinc acetate fed hens and zinc propionate fed hens. Rapid comparison of complex gastrointestinal microflora profiles in laying hens fed similar diets is possible using DGGE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00048.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FLUORESCENT DNA BINDING DYE-BASED APPROACH FOR MEASURING THE GROWTH OF AN ESCHERICHIA COLI LYSINE AUXOTROPH AND QUANTIFYING LYSINE (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microbiological assays for determination of bioavailable lysine appear to have many advantages. However, since the developed assay is based on bacterial growth and considerable optical density (OD) is required to detect distinguishable differences in extent of growth, it can be time consuming. The purpose of this study was to explore the fluorescence as an alternative method to measure bacterial growth instead of OD and examine the possibility to shorten the time required for the lysine assay. An assay based on SYTO 9 green fluorescent DNA binding dye (Live/Dead BacLight Protocol, Molecular Probes) was used to stain all bacteria in a population. Additional experiments were carried out to determine the ability of fluorescence based on SYTO 9 to overcome problems associated with high nonbacterial background that contributes to OD. From this study it appears that using fluorescence based on SYTO 9 green fluorescent staining, the E. coli lysine auxotroph growth assay can be completed in 9 h instead of 11 h and has the advantage of improved detection sensitivity. Problems associated with interference by high background nonbacterial OD can be partially resolved by fluorescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00270.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSTRUCTION AND GROWTH KINETICS OF A BIOLUMINESCENT METHIONINE AUXOTROPH ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN FOR POTENTIAL USE IN A METHIONINE BIOASSAY (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 10 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methionine is one of the essential and first limiting amino acids in animal nutrition. In this study, an Escherichia coli methionine auxotroph bacterial strain that exhibits a linear growth response to methionine concentrations was transformed with a plasmid containing genes encoding ampicillin resistance and bioluminescence in order to develop a microbiological technique for methionine quantitation. Transformants were selected based on antibiotic resistance and plasmid containing candidates were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. To confirm the bioluminescent phenotype, video imaging of the strain using long exposure photography yielded colonies exhibiting bioluminescence. The strain was also tested in the presence of ampicillin supplemented media with increasing methionine concentrations and growth response (measured as optical density, OD), growth rates and methionine affinities were compared before and after transformation. Although the transformed E. coli methionine auxotroph exhibited somewhat different growth kinetic responses than the nontransformed strain, the standard curves used for estimating methionine concentrations were not different. Based on the results in this study the transformed bioluminescent strain could be used as an OD-based assay if bioluminescence equipment and materials are not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2002.tb00013.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROTITER - BASED ASSAY FOR ASSESSMENT OF VIRULENCE RESPONSE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM EXPOSED TO FRESH PRODUCE EXTRACTS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this research was to develop a microtiter-based assay procedure for assessment of virulence gene response of Salmonella Typhimurium to fresh homogenized vegetables. The microtiter procedure was adapted from a assay for β-galactosidase activity of a hilA fusion strain of S. Typhimurium with volumes of all reagents adjusted for microtiter plate wells. S. Typhimurium exposed to pH 7 saline yielded a higher level of hilA expression than responses after incubation in pH 4, 5 and 6 saline. Bacterial cells exposed to broccoli extracts yielded the higher levels of hilA expression while bell pepper and tomato yielded the overall lowest amounts of hilA expression. From this study, it appears that fresh produce extracts have different abilities to significantly alter virulence response in Salmonella. In conclusion, the hilA fusion stain assay can be successfully adapted to microtiter plates for testing Salmonella virulence response to vegetable extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00403.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FEEDING LOW CALCIUM AND ZINC MOLT DIETS SUSTAINS GASTROINTESTINAL FERMENTATION AND LIMITS SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION IN LAYING HENS (2004)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of food safety 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of these experiments was to determine whether alternative molting diets would minimize Salmonella enterica serovar Entertitidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization in molting hens. Hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 12 hens either full-fed (nonmolt, NM), molted by feed withdrawal (molt, M), a low calcium (LC containing 800 mg calcium), or LC diet supplemented with 110 mg zinc/ kg of diet (LC-ZN) in two trials. All hens were challenged orally with 10 5SE on day 4 of experiment. Hen body weight loss was significantly (P 〈 0.05) increased and ovarian weight was significantly (P 〈 0.05) decreased in hens fed the LC or LC-ZN diets compared to NM. Cecal lactic acid concentrations were significantly (P 〈 0.05) increased in hens fed alternative molting diets. Feed withdrawal molted hens exhibited significantly (P 〈 0.05) more S. Enteritidis positive and S. Enteritidis crop, cecal, and organ colonization than NM, LC and LC-ZN hens. Alternative molt diets retain sufficient fermentative activity to limit S. Enteritidis colonization and therefore may have potential to avoid the risk of increasing S. Enteritidis colonization associated with feed withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2004.00529.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF A PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED SANITIZER WITH OTHER EGG SANITIZERS USING A LABORATORY-SCALE SPRAYER (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial and foodborne pathogen contamination of eggs continues to represent an important public health concern. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of spraying shell eggs with PCC (peroxidase-catalyzed compound, Enzodine TM, Symbollon Corporation, Sudbury, MA) with that of other sanitizers in the reduction of surface microbial contamination using a laboratory-scale sprayer apparatus. Treatments were distilled-deionized water, PCC, chlorine (200 ppm), and quaternary ammonium (QA). Each egg was sprayed with 150 mL of the treatment over a 1 min period while being rotated at approximately 150 revolutions per min. Enumeration of aerobic plate populations indicated that all treatments (distilled-deionized water, chlorine, PCC, and QA) significantly reduced the viable aerobic bacterial populations and Salmonella typhimurium when compared to the nonsprayed dry egg control. Spraying eggs with PCC resulted in a 6 logarithmic reduction in viable S. typhimurium populations on egg shell surfaces. Unlike results found with aerobic bacterial populations, PCC was not as effective in reducing levels of S. typhimurium to the extent of the chlorine and QA treatments (greater than 6 logarithmic reduction) but greater than 3 logarithmic reduction was observed with PCC as compared to distilled-deionized water. This study suggests that PCC may be a viable alternative to chlorine and QA in the reduction of bacterial populations on shell egg surfaces and can be applied as a spray on egg shell surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00212.x
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