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  • Articles  (57)
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  • Articles  (57)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short Chain Fatty Acids Alter HEp-2 Cell Association and Invasion by Stationary Growth Phase Salmonella Typhimurium (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : We examined the ability of stationary phase Salmonella typhimurium to adhere and invade cultured HEp-2 cells after growth in broth supplemented with acetate, propionate, butyrate, or a mixture of the three short chain fatty acids (SCFA). At pH 6, all concentrations, except 25 and 50 mM butyrate, reduced cell-association of S. typhimurium when compared to controls, while at pH 7 only 100 mM concentrations of acetate and butyrate reduced cell-association significantly. Invasion percentages were greater for S. typhimurium grown at an initial pH of 6 with 25 mM acetate when compared to controls, SCFA mixture, and all other single SCFA concentration combinations. At pH 7, invasion was greater with either the SCFA mixture or 25 or 50 mM acetate than with control and all other single SCFA concentration combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10266.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to Environmental Stresses by Exposure to Short-Chain Fatty Acids (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are widely used as food preservatives and are also present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals at high concentrations, may play a role in the persistence of Salmonella typhimurium in the environment. To test the hypothesis, S. typhimurium was adapted to SCFA for 1 h and the % survivors against various stress conditions was determined. For adaptation, the SCFA mixtures at the concentrations found in small (SI) and large intestine (LI) were used. The % survivors against extreme acid (pH 3.0), high osmolarity (2.5 M NaCl), and reactive oxygen (20 mM H2O2) was greatly increased by exposure to SCFA LI, but to a much less extent by SCFA SI. The results suggest that encountering SCFA by S. typhimurium in the large intestine of the host food animal or food materials treated with them may increase the persistence of S. typhimurium in food animal pre-and postharvest production by enhancing overall stress resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb09413.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of Salmonella Contamination on Chicken Egg Shells by a Peroxidase-Catalyzed Sanitizer (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A peroxidase-catalyzed compound (PCC) sanitizer was tested to determine its bactericidal activity on Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis inoculated on egg shell surfaces. Eggs with no treatment were compared to those immersed in either deionized distilled water, PCC or 200 ppm chlorine-treated water for 1, 3 or 5 min. Eggs immersed in PCC or chlorinated water solutions had lower (P 〈 0.05) S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis populations than those not exposed to treatments. No differences were detected among PCC and chlorine treatments except the S. typhimurium populations from PCC dipped eggs were significantly higher than those from eggs dipped in the chlorinated water for 1 min. Results indicate that PCC has potential as an effective shell egg sanitizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15476.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Soluble Lysine Maillard Reaction Products on Escherichia coli Amino Acid Lysine Auxotroph Growth-Based Assay (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Lysine Maillard reaction products (LMRP) were generated by autoclaving different concentrations and ratios glucose and lysine for 3 h. Effects of LMRP on the Escherichia coli lysine auxotroph (lys−) were examined in model systems. The slope and y-axis intercept of the standard curve in the absence of LMRP were significantly (p 〈 0.05) greater than in the presence of LMRP. Our study shows that LMRP can decrease the growth extent of lys−. The E. coli available lysine assay may provide the food industry with a practical approach to rapid and accurate estimation of lysine for least cost formulation in foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09513.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of methylamine on anaerobic rumen bacterial growth and plant fiber digestion
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bioresource Technology 50 (1994), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-8524
    Keywords: Methylamine ; Ruminobacter amylophilus ; ammonia ; digestion ; rumen
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90098-1
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SURVIVAL OF A SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM POULTRY MARKER STRAIN ADDED AS A DRY INOCULUM TO ZINC AND SODIUM ORGANIC ACID AMENDED FEEDS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 23 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of different organic acid compounds on the survival of a dry inoculum of Salmonella typhimurium marker strain added to poultry feed were determined. Organic acids were added as 1% Zn or Na salts (w/w) to poultry feeds and stored at room temperature for 9 days. Reduction of S. typhimurium populations from 0 to day 9 was not substantially different between poultry layer ration nonamended feed (96.76%) and Zn acetate (99.72%) or Zn propionate (99.60%) amended feed. However, over 90% reduction of S. typhimurium populations occurred in Zn acetate and Zn propionate amended feed by day 3 while poultry layer ration populations reached 90% reduction by day 5. S. typhimurium populations after 9 days were nearly 40% more reduced in Na propionate amended feed than Na acetate amended feed. The results of this study indicated 1% Zn compounds may have potential to reduce survival of S. typhimurium in a poultry diet during the early stages of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00369.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF CHLORINE WITH AN IODINE-BASED COMPOUND ON EGGSHELL SURFACE MICROBIAL POPULATIONS IN A COMMERCIAL EGG WASHER (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial contamination of egg shells is of great importance in the commercial production of table eggs. The objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness of an iodine-based disinfectant (IBD) on the microbial population of eggshell surfaces under simulated industry egg processing conditions with a commercial egg washer used as the delivery system for sanitizers. Recirculated egg washer water containing 3.69–5.81 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL aerobic organisms and 2.02–2.47 g/L total dissolved solids (TDS) was obtained from a commercial egg processing facility and used to simulate conditions found in the commercial egg industry. Sanitizing treatments consisted of distilled deionized water (DDW), IBD, and chlorine (CL; 200 ppm). Enumeration of aerobic plate populations indicated that IBD and CL treatment significantly (p 〈 0.05) decreased microbial populations on the shell compared to DDW treatment when egg wash water TDS were lower (2.02 – 2.03 g/L) and wash water aerobic plate counts (APC) were higher (5.05 – 5.85 log CFU/mL). When egg wash water TDS was higher (2.47 g/L) and wash water APC were lower (3.69 log CFU/mL) sanitizers were not effective in reducing egg shell microbial populations. No difference in egg shell APC counts was detected between the IBD and CL. In a second trial, cycloheximide or tetracycline amendments were added to media to test the effectiveness of the treatments on either mold and fungi or bacteria alone. When wash water TDS were higher (2.44–2.46 g/L) the sanitizers were again less effective against bacteria compared to samples from lower TDS while fungal populations did not show any significant differences among the treatments. It was concluded from this study that the IBD is an effective sanitizer when used in conjunction with a commercial egg washer but potential efficacy is dependent on the level of TDS in the egg wash water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1999.tb00244.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROWTH RESPONSE OF A SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM POULTRY ISOLATE TO PROPIONIC ACID UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Organic acids have long been used as additives in poultry feed to reduce microbial populations, including Salmonella spp. Propionic acid addition to poultry feed has a potential role in reducing Salmonella spp. in the chicken intestine. In this study, in vitro growth response of S. typhimurium isolated from poultry to propionic acid under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was determined. When grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing buffered propionic acid (BPA), the growth rate of S. typhimurium gradually decreased as the level of BPA increased and broth pH decreased. No growth was detected with BPA concentrations greater than 3% (volume/volume) of the broth. When the growth rates of S. typhimurium in aerobic and anaerobic TSB were compared at two pH levels (pH 5.0 and 7.0), the growth inhibition of S. typhimurium by propionic acid was markedly suppressed by anaerobiosis at both pHs, as indicated by significantly (p〈0.05) higher half-inhibition constants (K°). Also, the growth rates of S. typhimurium in the presence of propionic acid were dramatically reduced by the decrease in pH from 7.0 to 5.0. The results of this study indicated that the growth inhibitory effect of propionic acid against S. typhimurium strains was enhanced by pH decrease and suppressed by anaerobiosis, suggesting that the growth response of S. typhimurium to propionic acid in the chicken intestine might be affected by the environmental conditions such as pH and anaerobiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00209.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF A PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED SANITIZER AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIA ON INERT CARRIERS AND EGG SHELLS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 16 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial contamination of table eggs has become an important public health problem. In this study, peroxidase-catalyzed compound (PCC), which is innocuous to humans, was tested for its bactericidal activity on a variety of bacteria on inert carriers and on egg shell surfaces. When inert carriers containing Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to PCC, population reductions were within acceptable performance standards for standard and simulated hard water conditions. When evaluated for sporicidal activity, PCC gave no positive carriers in a total of 60 carriers tested for either Bacillus subtilis or Clostridium sporogenes. Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas fluorescens viable cells on egg shell surfaces were determined after dip treatment with deionized distilled water, PCC or chlorine-treated (200 ppm) water for 1, 3 and 5 min and compared with those of a control without dip treatment. All treatments significantly reduced the viable cells (log10 CFU/egg) compared to controls for both strains (p 〈 0.05). Populations of both strains surviving chlorine and PCC were significantly lower than surviving deionized-distilled water, although PCC gave higher recoveries than chlorine (p 〈 0.05). Populations exposed to PCC treatment were significantly decreased after 3 and 5 min, respectively (p 〈 0.05). The results of this study indicate that PCC has potential as a table egg sanitizer that could replace the other egg sanitizers which may be environmentally problematic. Based on the inert carrier studies, PCC may also be an effective disinfectant for egg processing equipment and plastic egg cartons in the presence of hard water or contaminating soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1997.tb00165.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NITROGEN-LIMITED GROWTH RESPONSE OF RUMINAL BACTERIUM SELENOMONAS RUMINANTIUM STRAIN D TO METHYLAMINE ADDITION IN A MINIMAL MEDIUM (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methylamine is often found as a naturally-occurring metabolite in the rumen of sheep and cattle fed a variety of diets. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of methylamine on nitrogen-limited growth of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D grown on a nitrogen-free basal medium that would not support bacterial growth without the addition of a nitrogen source (ammonia, urea, glutamine, cysteine, or glutamate). In this medium S. ruminantium growth rates were significantly faster (P 〈 0.05) with 11 mM ammonia-nitrogen than any other nitrogen source and were slowest on glutamate-nitrogen (1 and 11 mM). Maximum optical density was greater (P 〈 0.05) for all nitrogen sources when the respective nitrogen source was increased from 1 mM to 11 mM nitrogen. Addition of 10 mM methylamine significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05) maximum optical density compared to the respective nitrogen source and concentration without added methylamine for cells grown on 1 mM glutamine-, 1 mM cysteine-, 11 mM ammonia-, 11 mM glutamine-, 11 mM cysteine- or 11 mM glutamate-nitrogen. It appears that ruminal methylamine could decrease extent of growth of ruminal selenomonads depending on the nitrogen source(s) available for nitrogen assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1996.tb00135.x
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