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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to Environmental Stresses by Exposure to Short-Chain Fatty Acids (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are widely used as food preservatives and are also present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals at high concentrations, may play a role in the persistence of Salmonella typhimurium in the environment. To test the hypothesis, S. typhimurium was adapted to SCFA for 1 h and the % survivors against various stress conditions was determined. For adaptation, the SCFA mixtures at the concentrations found in small (SI) and large intestine (LI) were used. The % survivors against extreme acid (pH 3.0), high osmolarity (2.5 M NaCl), and reactive oxygen (20 mM H2O2) was greatly increased by exposure to SCFA LI, but to a much less extent by SCFA SI. The results suggest that encountering SCFA by S. typhimurium in the large intestine of the host food animal or food materials treated with them may increase the persistence of S. typhimurium in food animal pre-and postharvest production by enhancing overall stress resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb09413.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concurrent identification of calpains I and II from chicken skeletal muscle
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 107 (1994), S. 519-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Keywords: Calpain ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(94)90179-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SURVIVAL OF A SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM POULTRY MARKER STRAIN ADDED AS A DRY INOCULUM TO ZINC AND SODIUM ORGANIC ACID AMENDED FEEDS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 23 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of different organic acid compounds on the survival of a dry inoculum of Salmonella typhimurium marker strain added to poultry feed were determined. Organic acids were added as 1% Zn or Na salts (w/w) to poultry feeds and stored at room temperature for 9 days. Reduction of S. typhimurium populations from 0 to day 9 was not substantially different between poultry layer ration nonamended feed (96.76%) and Zn acetate (99.72%) or Zn propionate (99.60%) amended feed. However, over 90% reduction of S. typhimurium populations occurred in Zn acetate and Zn propionate amended feed by day 3 while poultry layer ration populations reached 90% reduction by day 5. S. typhimurium populations after 9 days were nearly 40% more reduced in Na propionate amended feed than Na acetate amended feed. The results of this study indicated 1% Zn compounds may have potential to reduce survival of S. typhimurium in a poultry diet during the early stages of storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00369.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (DGGE) AS A RAPID METHOD FOR ASSESSING GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT MICROFLORA RESPONSES IN LAYING HENS FED SIMILAR ZINC MOLT INDUCTION DIETS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Induced molting through feed withdrawal can change the microenvironment of crop and ceca sufficiently to allow them to be the sites of Salmonella colonization in the chicken intestine. This study compares the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of microbial crop and cecal communities among molted hens fed similar zinc acetate or zinc propionate amended molt diets to hens either undergoing feed withdrawal or hens full fed and not molted. Dendrograms of DGGE amplicon patterns indicated over 85% similarity of cecal communities between zinc acetate fed hens and zinc propionate fed hens and over 60% similarity of crop communities between zinc acetate fed hens and zinc propionate fed hens. Rapid comparison of complex gastrointestinal microflora profiles in laying hens fed similar diets is possible using DGGE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00048.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF OXIDATION-REDUCTION REDUCTANTS ON SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM GROWTH RATES AFTER INITIAL pH ADJUSTMENT AND ZINC COMPOUND ADDITION (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The objective of this study was to examine the separate influence of acidic pH, reductants (cysteine and sulfide) and zinc compounds (Zn acetate and Zn sulfate) during anaerobic growth of a S. typhimurium poultry isolate in rich or minimal media. The anaerobic growth of a S. typhimurium poultry isolate in TSB medium was significantly inhibited by either acidic initial pH or higher concentrations of Zn acetate. S. typhimurium anaerobic growth in M9 minimal medium was significantly inhibited by either acidic pH or higher concentrations of Zn acetate or Zn sulfate. Most anaerobic growth rates of the S. typhimurium poultry isolate in acidic media and with higher concentrations of Zn acetate or Zn sulfate were less than 0.10 h-1. The overall anaerobic growth rates of S. typhimurium were inhibited more in the presence (0.089 h-1) of reductants than in the absence (0.102 h-1) of reductants in M9 medium. Results in this study suggest that either increasing Zn concentration or decreasing initial pH can reduce growth rate of foodborne Salmonella under anaerobic growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00062.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF A TRANSPOSON FOOTPRINTING TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TN5 MUTANTS REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL UNDER DESICCATION STRESS CONDITIONS (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 10 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Salmonella spp. are one of the foodborne pathogens that can be isolated in the environments of poultry houses and desiccation is a potential stress condition that can influence the survival of Salmonella spp. in this environment. In order to investigate the desiccation survival mechanism of Salmonella spp. the genome of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 was screened for the genes potentially required for survival during desiccation using a novel method based on Tn5 mutagenesis previously developed in our laboratory. This method, termed transposon footprinting, simultaneously amplifies the Tn5-flanking sequences in a complex pool of the Tn5 mutants. As the length of the amplified DNA fragment should be unique for each distinct Tn5 mutant, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products separated on an agarose gel generate transposon footprints with each band in the footprint representing the corresponding Tn5 mutant. By comparing the transposon footprints from the pools of S. typhimurium Tn5 mutants before and after exposure to desiccation, Tn5 mutants that were not recovered after the selection were rapidly identified that would be easily isolated for further genetic analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2002.tb00026.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IN VITRO COMPARISON OF ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC GROWTH RESPONSE OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TO ZINC ADDITION (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 22 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zinc supplemented diets have been used to provide zinc as a nutrient and higher concentrations have been used to induce molt in laying hens. It is not known if the zinc in these diets would inhibit Salmonella spp growth. This study examines the effects of zinc compounds on the growth of S. typhimurium poultry isolate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The aerobic growth response of S. typhimurium was determined either in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or minimal (M9) broth containing five different concentrations (0.67, 2.01, 3.35, 4.69, and 6.03% [wt/vol]) of either Zn acetate [Zn(C2H2O2)22H2O] or Zn sulfate [ZnSO47H2O] while anaerobic growth response was determined in M9 broth with or without reductants (L-cysteine hydrochloride [C3H7NO2SHCl], and sodium sulfide [Na2S 9H2O]). Aerobic growth rates inhibited (P 〈 0.05) by Zn acetate than by Zn sulfate in TSB medium. The Zn source and concentration decreased (P 〈 0.05) aerobic growth response of S. typhimurium poultry isolate in M9 medium. The growth rates of S. typhimurium under anaerobic growth conditions were less responsive to Zn salts but were generally lower (P 〈 0.05) in the presence of reductant than in the absence of reductants at each concentration of Zn compound. The results in this study provide evidence that Zn may inhibit S. typhimurium under in vitro aerobic or anaerobic atmospheric conditions and S. typhimurium grows less optimally under anaerobic growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2002.tb00343.x
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