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  • 1995-1999  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of Salmonella Contamination on Chicken Egg Shells by a Peroxidase-Catalyzed Sanitizer (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A peroxidase-catalyzed compound (PCC) sanitizer was tested to determine its bactericidal activity on Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis inoculated on egg shell surfaces. Eggs with no treatment were compared to those immersed in either deionized distilled water, PCC or 200 ppm chlorine-treated water for 1, 3 or 5 min. Eggs immersed in PCC or chlorinated water solutions had lower (P 〈 0.05) S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis populations than those not exposed to treatments. No differences were detected among PCC and chlorine treatments except the S. typhimurium populations from PCC dipped eggs were significantly higher than those from eggs dipped in the chlorinated water for 1 min. Results indicate that PCC has potential as an effective shell egg sanitizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb15476.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF CHLORINE WITH AN IODINE-BASED COMPOUND ON EGGSHELL SURFACE MICROBIAL POPULATIONS IN A COMMERCIAL EGG WASHER (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial contamination of egg shells is of great importance in the commercial production of table eggs. The objective of this project was to determine the effectiveness of an iodine-based disinfectant (IBD) on the microbial population of eggshell surfaces under simulated industry egg processing conditions with a commercial egg washer used as the delivery system for sanitizers. Recirculated egg washer water containing 3.69–5.81 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL aerobic organisms and 2.02–2.47 g/L total dissolved solids (TDS) was obtained from a commercial egg processing facility and used to simulate conditions found in the commercial egg industry. Sanitizing treatments consisted of distilled deionized water (DDW), IBD, and chlorine (CL; 200 ppm). Enumeration of aerobic plate populations indicated that IBD and CL treatment significantly (p 〈 0.05) decreased microbial populations on the shell compared to DDW treatment when egg wash water TDS were lower (2.02 – 2.03 g/L) and wash water aerobic plate counts (APC) were higher (5.05 – 5.85 log CFU/mL). When egg wash water TDS was higher (2.47 g/L) and wash water APC were lower (3.69 log CFU/mL) sanitizers were not effective in reducing egg shell microbial populations. No difference in egg shell APC counts was detected between the IBD and CL. In a second trial, cycloheximide or tetracycline amendments were added to media to test the effectiveness of the treatments on either mold and fungi or bacteria alone. When wash water TDS were higher (2.44–2.46 g/L) the sanitizers were again less effective against bacteria compared to samples from lower TDS while fungal populations did not show any significant differences among the treatments. It was concluded from this study that the IBD is an effective sanitizer when used in conjunction with a commercial egg washer but potential efficacy is dependent on the level of TDS in the egg wash water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1999.tb00244.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROWTH RESPONSE OF A SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM POULTRY ISOLATE TO PROPIONIC ACID UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Organic acids have long been used as additives in poultry feed to reduce microbial populations, including Salmonella spp. Propionic acid addition to poultry feed has a potential role in reducing Salmonella spp. in the chicken intestine. In this study, in vitro growth response of S. typhimurium isolated from poultry to propionic acid under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was determined. When grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing buffered propionic acid (BPA), the growth rate of S. typhimurium gradually decreased as the level of BPA increased and broth pH decreased. No growth was detected with BPA concentrations greater than 3% (volume/volume) of the broth. When the growth rates of S. typhimurium in aerobic and anaerobic TSB were compared at two pH levels (pH 5.0 and 7.0), the growth inhibition of S. typhimurium by propionic acid was markedly suppressed by anaerobiosis at both pHs, as indicated by significantly (p〈0.05) higher half-inhibition constants (K°). Also, the growth rates of S. typhimurium in the presence of propionic acid were dramatically reduced by the decrease in pH from 7.0 to 5.0. The results of this study indicated that the growth inhibitory effect of propionic acid against S. typhimurium strains was enhanced by pH decrease and suppressed by anaerobiosis, suggesting that the growth response of S. typhimurium to propionic acid in the chicken intestine might be affected by the environmental conditions such as pH and anaerobiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00209.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF A PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED SANITIZER AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIA ON INERT CARRIERS AND EGG SHELLS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 16 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial contamination of table eggs has become an important public health problem. In this study, peroxidase-catalyzed compound (PCC), which is innocuous to humans, was tested for its bactericidal activity on a variety of bacteria on inert carriers and on egg shell surfaces. When inert carriers containing Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to PCC, population reductions were within acceptable performance standards for standard and simulated hard water conditions. When evaluated for sporicidal activity, PCC gave no positive carriers in a total of 60 carriers tested for either Bacillus subtilis or Clostridium sporogenes. Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas fluorescens viable cells on egg shell surfaces were determined after dip treatment with deionized distilled water, PCC or chlorine-treated (200 ppm) water for 1, 3 and 5 min and compared with those of a control without dip treatment. All treatments significantly reduced the viable cells (log10 CFU/egg) compared to controls for both strains (p 〈 0.05). Populations of both strains surviving chlorine and PCC were significantly lower than surviving deionized-distilled water, although PCC gave higher recoveries than chlorine (p 〈 0.05). Populations exposed to PCC treatment were significantly decreased after 3 and 5 min, respectively (p 〈 0.05). The results of this study indicate that PCC has potential as a table egg sanitizer that could replace the other egg sanitizers which may be environmentally problematic. Based on the inert carrier studies, PCC may also be an effective disinfectant for egg processing equipment and plastic egg cartons in the presence of hard water or contaminating soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1997.tb00165.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NITROGEN-LIMITED GROWTH RESPONSE OF RUMINAL BACTERIUM SELENOMONAS RUMINANTIUM STRAIN D TO METHYLAMINE ADDITION IN A MINIMAL MEDIUM (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Methylamine is often found as a naturally-occurring metabolite in the rumen of sheep and cattle fed a variety of diets. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of methylamine on nitrogen-limited growth of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D grown on a nitrogen-free basal medium that would not support bacterial growth without the addition of a nitrogen source (ammonia, urea, glutamine, cysteine, or glutamate). In this medium S. ruminantium growth rates were significantly faster (P 〈 0.05) with 11 mM ammonia-nitrogen than any other nitrogen source and were slowest on glutamate-nitrogen (1 and 11 mM). Maximum optical density was greater (P 〈 0.05) for all nitrogen sources when the respective nitrogen source was increased from 1 mM to 11 mM nitrogen. Addition of 10 mM methylamine significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05) maximum optical density compared to the respective nitrogen source and concentration without added methylamine for cells grown on 1 mM glutamine-, 1 mM cysteine-, 11 mM ammonia-, 11 mM glutamine-, 11 mM cysteine- or 11 mM glutamate-nitrogen. It appears that ruminal methylamine could decrease extent of growth of ruminal selenomonads depending on the nitrogen source(s) available for nitrogen assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1996.tb00135.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLOHEXIMIDE AS A MEDIA AMENDMENT FOR ENUMERATING BACTERIAL POPULATIONS IN ANIMAL FEEDS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study was designed to evaluate cycloheximide as a potential media amendment for differential bacterial and fungal enumeration of animal feeds. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cycloheximide on bacterial growth rates and to evaluate its efficacy for the reduction of indigenous spreading fungi when enumerating bacterial populations in three types of feeds and after short or long-term storage. Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens were grown in tryptic soy broth containing cycloheximide to determine its effect on bacterial specific growth rates. Growth rates of B. cereus and S. aureus were significantly decreased by the addition of 600 and 1000 mg/L cycloheximide respectively, but other pure cultures were not significantly influenced by cycloheximide addition. Intrinsic bacterial populations from feed were not significantly affected by cycloheximide additions at concentrations from 10 to 300 mg/L, but the indigenous spreading molds from feeds were significantly decreased by these cycloheximide concentrations and were decreased below detection levels by 300 mg/L of cycloheximide. The addition of 300 mg/L of cycloheximide effectively eliminates fungal growth for accurate enumeration of bacterial populations in feeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1995.tb00112.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GLUCOSE FERMENTATION AND GROWTH OF SELENOMONAS SPUTIGENA ON A MINIMAL MEDIUM (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Very little is known about the growth physiology and metabolic niche of the human oral isolate Selenomonas sputigena. The objective of this study was to devise a minimal medium for comparing growth rates and fermentation of rumen Selenomonas ruminantium strains with S. sputigena. When anaerobically grown on a minimal glucose medium containing yeast extract as the only chemically undefined component, S. sputigena produced acetate, propionate, and succinate while S. ruminantium strains produced primarily lactate. When strains were compared (P 〈 0.05) for each carbon source that yielded growth, rumen strain HD4 grew faster than all other strains on glucose, cellobiose and glycerol while strain GA192 grew faster on trehalose. Rumen strains GA192, PC18, and HD4 grew faster on mannitol than rumen strains D and GA31. S. sputigena grew faster on lactate (0.38 ± 0.04) than any of the S. ruminantium strains. The minimal medium developed in this study should be useful for jurmer physiological studies on fermentation and metabolism in S. sputigena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF GENE AMPLIFICATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH A HYBRIDIZATION SENSOR FOR RAPID DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPP. AND FECAL CONTAMINATION INDICATORS IN ANIMAL FEEDS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 6 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The rapid detection of pathogenic microbial species in feed is of paramount importance considering its implications for animal production and food safety. To demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly detecting Salmonella spp. and fecal pollution microbial indicators in feed using gene amplification protocols, commercial and mixed feed samples were inoculated with two levels of a marker strain of S. typhimurium. Liquid extracts of the feed samples were used as templates in gene amplification reactions to amplify sequences associated with fecal contamination indicators. The sequence specificity of the amplification products (amplicons) were confirmed using biotin and fluorescein labeled probes in a navel dual probe based hybridization sensor. Using the combination of gene amplification and the hybridization sensor, the presence of sequences associated with fecal contamination were detected in 15 different feed matrices without employing preenrichment steps. Using this detection methodology, fecal pollution can be confirmed in feed at naturally occurring concentrations. The study demonstrates that it is possible to rapidly detect and confirm the presence of pathogenic bacterial genera in feed matrices by combining robust gene amplification reactions with appropriate post amplification detection systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1998.tb00202.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF A PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED SANITIZER WITH OTHER EGG SANITIZERS USING A LABORATORY-SCALE SPRAYER (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial and foodborne pathogen contamination of eggs continues to represent an important public health concern. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of spraying shell eggs with PCC (peroxidase-catalyzed compound, Enzodine TM, Symbollon Corporation, Sudbury, MA) with that of other sanitizers in the reduction of surface microbial contamination using a laboratory-scale sprayer apparatus. Treatments were distilled-deionized water, PCC, chlorine (200 ppm), and quaternary ammonium (QA). Each egg was sprayed with 150 mL of the treatment over a 1 min period while being rotated at approximately 150 revolutions per min. Enumeration of aerobic plate populations indicated that all treatments (distilled-deionized water, chlorine, PCC, and QA) significantly reduced the viable aerobic bacterial populations and Salmonella typhimurium when compared to the nonsprayed dry egg control. Spraying eggs with PCC resulted in a 6 logarithmic reduction in viable S. typhimurium populations on egg shell surfaces. Unlike results found with aerobic bacterial populations, PCC was not as effective in reducing levels of S. typhimurium to the extent of the chlorine and QA treatments (greater than 6 logarithmic reduction) but greater than 3 logarithmic reduction was observed with PCC as compared to distilled-deionized water. This study suggests that PCC may be a viable alternative to chlorine and QA in the reduction of bacterial populations on shell egg surfaces and can be applied as a spray on egg shell surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00212.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INDIGENOUS POULTRY FEED MICROFLORA RESPONSE TO ETHYL ALCOHOL AND BUFFERED PROPIONIC ACID ADDITION (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 5 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study was designed to compare ethyl alcohol with buffered propionic acid feed treatment on the survival of indigenous poultry feed bacteria and fungi. The aerobic bacterial poultry feed populations were not substantially reduced by either ethyl alcohol or buffered propionic acid treatments. Likewise, indigenous poultry feed fungal populations also were not markedly reduced by buffered propionic acid treatment of the feed but fungal poultry feed populations exposed to ethyl alcohol treatments were significantly lower (P〈0.05) than fungal populations recovered from either control and buffered propionic acid treated feeds. Ethyl alcohol treatment may have potential for reducing fungal contamination in poultry feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1997.tb00174.x
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