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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: Transcription factors of the nuclear factor-kappaB/rel (NF-kappaB) family may be important in cell survival by regulating unidentified, anti-apoptotic genes. One such gene that protects cells from apoptosis induced by Fas or tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF), IEX-1L, is described here. Its transcription induced by TNF was decreased in cells with defective NF-kappaB activation, rendering them sensitive to TNF-induced apoptosis, which was abolished by transfection with IEX-1L. In support, overexpression of antisense IEX-1L partially blocked TNF-induced expression of IEX-1L and sensitized normal cells to killing. This study demonstrates a key role of IEX-1L in cellular resistance to TNF-induced apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, M X -- Ao, Z -- Prasad, K V -- Wu, R -- Schlossman, S F -- AI12069/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30AI28691/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):998-1001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/physiology ; Apoptosis/genetics/*physiology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Antisense/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*physiology ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-06-26
    Description: Genome-wide copy number analyses of human cancers identified a frequent 5p13 amplification in several solid tumour types, including lung (56%), ovarian (38%), breast (32%), prostate (37%) and melanoma (32%). Here, using integrative analysis of a genomic profile of the region, we identify a Golgi protein, GOLPH3, as a candidate targeted for amplification. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo validated GOLPH3 as a potent oncogene. Physically, GOLPH3 localizes to the trans-Golgi network and interacts with components of the retromer complex, which in yeast has been linked to target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling. Mechanistically, GOLPH3 regulates cell size, enhances growth-factor-induced mTOR (also known as FRAP1) signalling in human cancer cells, and alters the response to an mTOR inhibitor in vivo. Thus, genomic and genetic, biological, functional and biochemical data in yeast and humans establishes GOLPH3 as a new oncogene that is commonly targeted for amplification in human cancer, and is capable of modulating the response to rapamycin, a cancer drug in clinical use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753613/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753613/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Kenneth L -- Kabbarah, Omar -- Liang, Mei-Chih -- Ivanova, Elena -- Anagnostou, Valsamo -- Wu, Joyce -- Dhakal, Sabin -- Wu, Min -- Chen, Shujuan -- Feinberg, Tamar -- Huang, Joseph -- Saci, Abdel -- Widlund, Hans R -- Fisher, David E -- Xiao, Yonghong -- Rimm, David L -- Protopopov, Alexei -- Wong, Kwok-Kin -- Chin, Lynda -- 5-T32-AR07098-31/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA090578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA093683/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA093683-06A20011/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA93683/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R0-1 CA 114277/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG2400401/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA093947/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA093947-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA114277/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA114277-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA122794/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA122794-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA93947/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AR007098/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AR007098-32/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 25;459(7250):1085-90. doi: 10.1038/nature08109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-12-15
    Description: Epigenetic regulators represent a promising new class of therapeutic targets for cancer. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), silences gene expression via its histone methyltransferase activity. We found that the oncogenic function of EZH2 in cells of castration-resistant prostate cancer is independent of its role as a transcriptional repressor. Instead, it involves the ability of EZH2 to act as a coactivator for critical transcription factors including the androgen receptor. This functional switch is dependent on phosphorylation of EZH2 and requires an intact methyltransferase domain. Hence, targeting the non-PRC2 function of EZH2 may have therapeutic efficacy for treating metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625962/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625962/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Kexin -- Wu, Zhenhua Jeremy -- Groner, Anna C -- He, Housheng Hansen -- Cai, Changmeng -- Lis, Rosina T -- Wu, Xiaoqiu -- Stack, Edward C -- Loda, Massimo -- Liu, Tao -- Xu, Han -- Cato, Laura -- Thornton, James E -- Gregory, Richard I -- Morrissey, Colm -- Vessella, Robert L -- Montironi, Rodolfo -- Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina -- Kantoff, Philip W -- Balk, Steven P -- Liu, X Shirley -- Brown, Myles -- CA090381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA097186/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA111803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA131945/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA166507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA89021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA90381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM99409/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA166507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA090381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM099409/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1465-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1227604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cohort Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism ; Male ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, SCID ; Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/genetics/*metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/mortality ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Retroviruses, including HIV, can activate innate immune responses, but the host sensors for retroviruses are largely unknown. Here we show that HIV infection activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) to produce cGAMP, which binds to and activates the adaptor protein STING to induce type I interferons and other cytokines. Inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase, but not integrase, abrogated interferon-beta induction by the virus, suggesting that the reverse-transcribed HIV DNA triggers the innate immune response. Knockout or knockdown of cGAS in mouse or human cell lines blocked cytokine induction by HIV, murine leukemia virus, and simian immunodeficiency virus. These results indicate that cGAS is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860819/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860819/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Daxing -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Wu, You-Tong -- Du, Fenghe -- Aroh, Chukwuemika -- Yan, Nan -- Sun, Lijun -- Chen, Zhijian J -- R01 AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI098569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI098569/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):903-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1240933. Epub 2013 Aug 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; HIV/drug effects/enzymology/*immunology ; HIV Infections/enzymology/*immunology/virology ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/immunology ; Retroviridae Infections/enzymology/immunology/virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-10-30
    Description: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective therapies. We performed exome sequencing and copy number analysis to define genomic aberrations in a prospectively accrued clinical cohort (n = 142) of early (stage I and II) sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Detailed analysis of 99 informative tumours identified substantial heterogeneity with 2,016 non-silent mutations and 1,628 copy-number variations. We define 16 significantly mutated genes, reaffirming known mutations (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, MLL3, TGFBR2, ARID1A and SF3B1), and uncover novel mutated genes including additional genes involved in chromatin modification (EPC1 and ARID2), DNA damage repair (ATM) and other mechanisms (ZIM2, MAP2K4, NALCN, SLC16A4 and MAGEA6). Integrative analysis with in vitro functional data and animal models provided supportive evidence for potential roles for these genetic aberrations in carcinogenesis. Pathway-based analysis of recurrently mutated genes recapitulated clustering in core signalling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and identified new mutated genes in each pathway. We also identified frequent and diverse somatic aberrations in genes described traditionally as embryonic regulators of axon guidance, particularly SLIT/ROBO signalling, which was also evident in murine Sleeping Beauty transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis models of pancreatic cancer, providing further supportive evidence for the potential involvement of axon guidance genes in pancreatic carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530898/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530898/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biankin, Andrew V -- Waddell, Nicola -- Kassahn, Karin S -- Gingras, Marie-Claude -- Muthuswamy, Lakshmi B -- Johns, Amber L -- Miller, David K -- Wilson, Peter J -- Patch, Ann-Marie -- Wu, Jianmin -- Chang, David K -- Cowley, Mark J -- Gardiner, Brooke B -- Song, Sarah -- Harliwong, Ivon -- Idrisoglu, Senel -- Nourse, Craig -- Nourbakhsh, Ehsan -- Manning, Suzanne -- Wani, Shivangi -- Gongora, Milena -- Pajic, Marina -- Scarlett, Christopher J -- Gill, Anthony J -- Pinho, Andreia V -- Rooman, Ilse -- Anderson, Matthew -- Holmes, Oliver -- Leonard, Conrad -- Taylor, Darrin -- Wood, Scott -- Xu, Qinying -- Nones, Katia -- Fink, J Lynn -- Christ, Angelika -- Bruxner, Tim -- Cloonan, Nicole -- Kolle, Gabriel -- Newell, Felicity -- Pinese, Mark -- Mead, R Scott -- Humphris, Jeremy L -- Kaplan, Warren -- Jones, Marc D -- Colvin, Emily K -- Nagrial, Adnan M -- Humphrey, Emily S -- Chou, Angela -- Chin, Venessa T -- Chantrill, Lorraine A -- Mawson, Amanda -- Samra, Jaswinder S -- Kench, James G -- Lovell, Jessica A -- Daly, Roger J -- Merrett, Neil D -- Toon, Christopher -- Epari, Krishna -- Nguyen, Nam Q -- Barbour, Andrew -- Zeps, Nikolajs -- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative -- Kakkar, Nipun -- Zhao, Fengmei -- Wu, Yuan Qing -- Wang, Min -- Muzny, Donna M -- Fisher, William E -- Brunicardi, F Charles -- Hodges, Sally E -- Reid, Jeffrey G -- Drummond, Jennifer -- Chang, Kyle -- Han, Yi -- Lewis, Lora R -- Dinh, Huyen -- Buhay, Christian J -- Beck, Timothy -- Timms, Lee -- Sam, Michelle -- Begley, Kimberly -- Brown, Andrew -- Pai, Deepa -- Panchal, Ami -- Buchner, Nicholas -- De Borja, Richard -- Denroche, Robert E -- Yung, Christina K -- Serra, Stefano -- Onetto, Nicole -- Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Shaw, Patricia A -- Petersen, Gloria M -- Gallinger, Steven -- Hruban, Ralph H -- Maitra, Anirban -- Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A -- Schulick, Richard D -- Wolfgang, Christopher L -- Morgan, Richard A -- Lawlor, Rita T -- Capelli, Paola -- Corbo, Vincenzo -- Scardoni, Maria -- Tortora, Giampaolo -- Tempero, Margaret A -- Mann, Karen M -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- Perez-Mancera, Pedro A -- Adams, David J -- Largaespada, David A -- Wessels, Lodewyk F A -- Rust, Alistair G -- Stein, Lincoln D -- Tuveson, David A -- Copeland, Neal G -- Musgrove, Elizabeth A -- Scarpa, Aldo -- Eshleman, James R -- Hudson, Thomas J -- Sutherland, Robert L -- Wheeler, David A -- Pearson, John V -- McPherson, John D -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Grimmond, Sean M -- 13031/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- 2P50CA101955/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA134292/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA101955/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA102701/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA97075/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):399-405. doi: 10.1038/nature11547. Epub 2012 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*metabolism ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*genetics/*pathology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome/*genetics ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mice ; Mutation ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/*pathology ; Proteins/genetics ; Signal Transduction
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: The four receptors of the Notch family are widely expressed transmembrane proteins that function as key conduits through which mammalian cells communicate to regulate cell fate and growth. Ligand binding triggers a conformational change in the receptor negative regulatory region (NRR) that enables ADAM protease cleavage at a juxtamembrane site that otherwise lies buried within the quiescent NRR. Subsequent intramembrane proteolysis catalysed by the gamma-secretase complex liberates the intracellular domain (ICD) to initiate the downstream Notch transcriptional program. Aberrant signalling through each receptor has been linked to numerous diseases, particularly cancer, making the Notch pathway a compelling target for new drugs. Although gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have progressed into the clinic, GSIs fail to distinguish individual Notch receptors, inhibit other signalling pathways and cause intestinal toxicity, attributed to dual inhibition of Notch1 and 2 (ref. 11). To elucidate the discrete functions of Notch1 and Notch2 and develop clinically relevant inhibitors that reduce intestinal toxicity, we used phage display technology to generate highly specialized antibodies that specifically antagonize each receptor paralogue and yet cross-react with the human and mouse sequences, enabling the discrimination of Notch1 versus Notch2 function in human patients and rodent models. Our co-crystal structure shows that the inhibitory mechanism relies on stabilizing NRR quiescence. Selective blocking of Notch1 inhibits tumour growth in pre-clinical models through two mechanisms: inhibition of cancer cell growth and deregulation of angiogenesis. Whereas inhibition of Notch1 plus Notch2 causes severe intestinal toxicity, inhibition of either receptor alone reduces or avoids this effect, demonstrating a clear advantage over pan-Notch inhibitors. Our studies emphasize the value of paralogue-specific antagonists in dissecting the contributions of distinct Notch receptors to differentiation and disease and reveal the therapeutic promise in targeting Notch1 and Notch2 independently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Yan -- Cain-Hom, Carol -- Choy, Lisa -- Hagenbeek, Thijs J -- de Leon, Gladys P -- Chen, Yongmei -- Finkle, David -- Venook, Rayna -- Wu, Xiumin -- Ridgway, John -- Schahin-Reed, Dorreyah -- Dow, Graham J -- Shelton, Amy -- Stawicki, Scott -- Watts, Ryan J -- Zhang, Jeff -- Choy, Robert -- Howard, Peter -- Kadyk, Lisa -- Yan, Minhong -- Zha, Jiping -- Callahan, Christopher A -- Hymowitz, Sarah G -- Siebel, Christian W -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1052-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08878.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/immunology/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies/adverse effects/immunology/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Antibody Specificity/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Goblet Cells/drug effects/pathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasms/blood supply/*drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; Peptide Library ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug ; therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Receptor, Notch1/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Receptor, Notch2/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Receptors, Notch/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-02-04
    Description: Effective clinical management of prostate cancer (PCA) has been challenged by significant intratumoural heterogeneity on the genomic and pathological levels and limited understanding of the genetic elements governing disease progression. Here, we exploited the experimental merits of the mouse to test the hypothesis that pathways constraining progression might be activated in indolent Pten-null mouse prostate tumours and that inactivation of such progression barriers in mice would engender a metastasis-prone condition. Comparative transcriptomic and canonical pathway analyses, followed by biochemical confirmation, of normal prostate epithelium versus poorly progressive Pten-null prostate cancers revealed robust activation of the TGFbeta/BMP-SMAD4 signalling axis. The functional relevance of SMAD4 was further supported by emergence of invasive, metastatic and lethal prostate cancers with 100% penetrance upon genetic deletion of Smad4 in the Pten-null mouse prostate. Pathological and molecular analysis as well as transcriptomic knowledge-based pathway profiling of emerging tumours identified cell proliferation and invasion as two cardinal tumour biological features in the metastatic Smad4/Pten-null PCA model. Follow-on pathological and functional assessment confirmed cyclin D1 and SPP1 as key mediators of these biological processes, which together with PTEN and SMAD4, form a four-gene signature that is prognostic of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biochemical recurrence and lethal metastasis in human PCA. This model-informed progression analysis, together with genetic, functional and translational studies, establishes SMAD4 as a key regulator of PCA progression in mice and humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753179/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753179/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Zhihu -- Wu, Chang-Jiun -- Chu, Gerald C -- Xiao, Yonghong -- Ho, Dennis -- Zhang, Jingfang -- Perry, Samuel R -- Labrot, Emma S -- Wu, Xiaoqiu -- Lis, Rosina -- Hoshida, Yujin -- Hiller, David -- Hu, Baoli -- Jiang, Shan -- Zheng, Hongwu -- Stegh, Alexander H -- Scott, Kenneth L -- Signoretti, Sabina -- Bardeesy, Nabeel -- Wang, Y Alan -- Hill, David E -- Golub, Todd R -- Stampfer, Meir J -- Wong, Wing H -- Loda, Massimo -- Mucci, Lorelei -- Chin, Lynda -- DePinho, Ronald A -- P50 CA090381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA090381-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA90381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 5R01CA136578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA131945/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA131945/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA141298/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01-CA84313/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):269-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09677. Epub 2011 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21289624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1/genetics/metabolism ; *Disease Progression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics/pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics/*pathology ; Osteopontin/genetics/metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency/genetics ; Penetrance ; Prognosis ; Prostate/metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/*pathology ; Smad4 Protein/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-03-23
    Description: In pregnancy, trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling are important for lowering maternal vascular resistance and increasing uteroplacental blood flow. Impaired spiral artery remodelling has been implicated in pre-eclampsia, a major complication of pregnancy, for a long time but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Corin (also known as atrial natriuretic peptide-converting enzyme) is a cardiac protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone that is important in regulating blood pressure. Unexpectedly, corin expression was detected in the pregnant uterus. Here we identify a new function of corin and ANP in promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling. We show that pregnant corin- or ANP-deficient mice developed high blood pressure and proteinuria, characteristics of pre-eclampsia. In these mice, trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling were markedly impaired. Consistent with this, the ANP potently stimulated human trophoblasts in invading Matrigels. In patients with pre-eclampsia, uterine Corin messenger RNA and protein levels were significantly lower than that in normal pregnancies. Moreover, we have identified Corin gene mutations in pre-eclamptic patients, which decreased corin activity in processing pro-ANP. These results indicate that corin and ANP are essential for physiological changes at the maternal-fetal interface, suggesting that defects in corin and ANP function may contribute to pre-eclampsia.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3578422/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3578422/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cui, Yujie -- Wang, Wei -- Dong, Ningzheng -- Lou, Jinglei -- Srinivasan, Dinesh Kumar -- Cheng, Weiwei -- Huang, Xiaoyi -- Liu, Meng -- Fang, Chaodong -- Peng, Jianhao -- Chen, Shenghan -- Wu, Shannon -- Liu, Zhenzhen -- Dong, Liang -- Zhou, Yiqing -- Wu, Qingyu -- HD064634/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL089298/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD064634/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL089298/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 21;484(7393):246-50. doi: 10.1038/nature10897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Cardiology, Nephrology and Hypertension, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22437503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Blood Pressure/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ischemia/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney/blood supply/pathology ; Kidney Diseases/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Pre-Eclampsia/genetics/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Trophoblasts/*cytology/metabolism ; Uterine Artery/*growth & development ; Uterus/*blood supply/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation is vital for Polycomb gene silencing, a classic epigenetic phenomenon that maintains transcriptional silencing throughout cell divisions. We report that PRC2 activity is regulated by the density of its substrate nucleosome arrays. Neighboring nucleosomes activate the PRC2 complex with a fragment of their H3 histones (Ala(31) to Arg(42)). We also identified mutations on PRC2 subunit Su(z)12, which impair its binding and response to the activating peptide and its ability in establishing H3K27 trimethylation levels in vivo. In mouse embryonic stem cells, local chromatin compaction occurs before the formation of trimethylated H3K27 upon transcription cessation of the retinoic acid-regulated gene CYP26a1. We propose that PRC2 can sense the chromatin environment to exert its role in the maintenance of transcriptional states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Wen -- Wu, Tong -- Fu, Hang -- Dai, Chao -- Wu, Hui -- Liu, Nan -- Li, Xiang -- Xu, Mo -- Zhang, Zhuqiang -- Niu, Tianhui -- Han, Zhifu -- Chai, Jijie -- Zhou, Xianghong Jasmine -- Gao, Shaorong -- Zhu, Bing -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):971-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1225237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Gene Silencing ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: During virus infection, the adaptor proteins MAVS and STING transduce signals from the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS, respectively, to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and other antiviral molecules. Here we show that MAVS and STING harbor two conserved serine and threonine clusters that are phosphorylated by the kinases IKK and/or TBK1 in response to stimulation. Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. We further show that TRIF, an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, activates IRF3 through a similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. These results reveal that phosphorylation of innate adaptor proteins is an essential and conserved mechanism that selectively recruits IRF3 to activate the type I IFN pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Siqi -- Cai, Xin -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Cong, Qian -- Chen, Xiang -- Li, Tuo -- Du, Fenghe -- Ren, Junyao -- Wu, You-Tong -- Grishin, Nick V -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-93967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa2630. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2630. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. zhijian.chen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Vesiculovirus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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