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  • Mice  (39)
  • AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL  (27)
  • 1
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    Ktu/PF13 is required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dyneins (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-05
    Description: Cilia and flagella are highly conserved organelles that have diverse roles in cell motility and sensing extracellular signals. Motility defects in cilia and flagella often result in primary ciliary dyskinesia. However, the mechanisms underlying cilia formation and function, and in particular the cytoplasmic assembly of dyneins that power ciliary motility, are only poorly understood. Here we report a new gene, kintoun (ktu), involved in this cytoplasmic process. This gene was first identified in a medaka mutant, and found to be mutated in primary ciliary dyskinesia patients from two affected families as well as in the pf13 mutant of Chlamydomonas. In the absence of Ktu/PF13, both outer and inner dynein arms are missing or defective in the axoneme, leading to a loss of motility. Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies show that Ktu/PF13 is one of the long-sought proteins involved in pre-assembly of dynein arm complexes in the cytoplasm before intraflagellar transport loads them for the ciliary compartment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279746/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279746/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Omran, Heymut -- Kobayashi, Daisuke -- Olbrich, Heike -- Tsukahara, Tatsuya -- Loges, Niki T -- Hagiwara, Haruo -- Zhang, Qi -- Leblond, Gerard -- O'Toole, Eileen -- Hara, Chikako -- Mizuno, Hideaki -- Kawano, Hiroyuki -- Fliegauf, Manfred -- Yagi, Toshiki -- Koshida, Sumito -- Miyawaki, Atsushi -- Zentgraf, Hanswalter -- Seithe, Horst -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Watanabe, Yoshinori -- Kamiya, Ritsu -- Mitchell, David R -- Takeda, Hiroyuki -- GM44228/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM044228/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM044228-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 4;456(7222):611-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg Mathildenstrasse 1, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. heymut.omran@uniklinik-freiburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axoneme/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Chlamydomonas/genetics/metabolism ; Cilia/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dyneins/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Fish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Recessive/genetics ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kartagener Syndrome/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; *Oryzias/embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sperm Motility ; Testis/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Haematopoietic stem cells depend on Galpha(s)-mediated signalling to engraft bone marrow (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-27
    Description: Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) change location during development and circulate in mammals throughout life, moving into and out of the bloodstream to engage bone marrow niches in sequential steps of homing, engraftment and retention. Here we show that HSPC engraftment of bone marrow in fetal development is dependent on the guanine-nucleotide-binding protein stimulatory alpha subunit (Galpha(s)). HSPCs from adult mice deficient in Galpha(s) (Galpha(s)(-/-)) differentiate and undergo chemotaxis, but also do not home to or engraft in the bone marrow in adult mice and demonstrate a marked inability to engage the marrow microvasculature. If deleted after engraftment, Galpha(s) deficiency did not lead to lack of retention in the marrow, rather cytokine-induced mobilization into the blood was impaired. Testing whether activation of Galpha(s) affects HSPCs, pharmacological activators enhanced homing and engraftment in vivo. Galpha(s) governs specific aspects of HSPC localization under physiological conditions in vivo and may be pharmacologically targeted to improve transplantation efficiency.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, Gregor B -- Alley, Ian R -- Chung, Ung-Il -- Chabner, Karissa T -- Jeanson, Nathaniel T -- Lo Celso, Cristina -- Marsters, Emily S -- Chen, Min -- Weinstein, Lee S -- Lin, Charles P -- Kronenberg, Henry M -- Scadden, David T -- U54 HL081030/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HL081030-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):103-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07859. Epub 2009 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19322176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow/drug effects/embryology/*physiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation/physiology ; Cell Movement/drug effects/physiology ; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics/*metabolism ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    miR-145 and miR-143 regulate smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-07
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of myriad cellular events, but evidence for a single miRNA that can efficiently differentiate multipotent stem cells into a specific lineage or regulate direct reprogramming of cells into an alternative cell fate has been elusive. Here we show that miR-145 and miR-143 are co-transcribed in multipotent murine cardiac progenitors before becoming localized to smooth muscle cells, including neural crest stem-cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. miR-145 and miR-143 were direct transcriptional targets of serum response factor, myocardin and Nkx2-5 (NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5) and were downregulated in injured or atherosclerotic vessels containing proliferating, less differentiated smooth muscle cells. miR-145 was necessary for myocardin-induced reprogramming of adult fibroblasts into smooth muscle cells and sufficient to induce differentiation of multipotent neural crest stem cells into vascular smooth muscle. Furthermore, miR-145 and miR-143 cooperatively targeted a network of transcription factors, including Klf4 (Kruppel-like factor 4), myocardin and Elk-1 (ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family), to promote differentiation and repress proliferation of smooth muscle cells. These findings demonstrate that miR-145 can direct the smooth muscle fate and that miR-145 and miR-143 function to regulate the quiescent versus proliferative phenotype of smooth muscle cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769203/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769203/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cordes, Kimberly R -- Sheehy, Neil T -- White, Mark P -- Berry, Emily C -- Morton, Sarah U -- Muth, Alecia N -- Lee, Ting-Hein -- Miano, Joseph M -- Ivey, Kathryn N -- Srivastava, Deepak -- C06 RR018928/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HL091168/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL62572/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062572/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062572-12/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL091168/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL091168-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):705-10. doi: 10.1038/nature08195. Epub 2009 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vascular Diseases/metabolism ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-4/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Compartmentalization of GABAergic inhibition by dendritic spines (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) inhibition plays a critical role in shaping neuronal activity in the neocortex. Numerous experimental investigations have examined perisomatic inhibitory synapses, which control action potential output from pyramidal neurons. However, most inhibitory synapses in the neocortex are formed onto pyramidal cell dendrites, where theoretical studies suggest they may focally regulate cellular activity. The precision of GABAergic control over dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling is unknown. By using cell type-specific optical stimulation in combination with two-photon calcium (Ca(2+)) imaging, we show that somatostatin-expressing interneurons exert compartmentalized control over postsynaptic Ca(2+) signals within individual dendritic spines. This highly focal inhibitory action is mediated by a subset of GABAergic synapses that directly target spine heads. GABAergic inhibition thus participates in localized control of dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752161/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752161/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiu, Chiayu Q -- Lur, Gyorgy -- Morse, Thomas M -- Carnevale, Nicholas T -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- Higley, Michael J -- DC009977/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K01 MH097961/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH099045/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS011613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC009977/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH099045/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS011613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):759-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1234274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Neocortex/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Photic Stimulation ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. This approach enabled the discovery of candidate genes for developmental diseases including autism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882961/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882961/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scherer, Stephen W -- Cheung, Joseph -- MacDonald, Jeffrey R -- Osborne, Lucy R -- Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko -- Herbrick, Jo-Anne -- Carson, Andrew R -- Parker-Katiraee, Layla -- Skaug, Jennifer -- Khaja, Razi -- Zhang, Junjun -- Hudek, Alexander K -- Li, Martin -- Haddad, May -- Duggan, Gavin E -- Fernandez, Bridget A -- Kanematsu, Emiko -- Gentles, Simone -- Christopoulos, Constantine C -- Choufani, Sanaa -- Kwasnicka, Dorota -- Zheng, Xiangqun H -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Nusskern, Deborah -- Zhang, Qing -- Gu, Zhiping -- Lu, Fu -- Zeesman, Susan -- Nowaczyk, Malgorzata J -- Teshima, Ikuko -- Chitayat, David -- Shuman, Cheryl -- Weksberg, Rosanna -- Zackai, Elaine H -- Grebe, Theresa A -- Cox, Sarah R -- Kirkpatrick, Susan J -- Rahman, Nazneen -- Friedman, Jan M -- Heng, Henry H Q -- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe -- Lo-Coco, Francesco -- Belloni, Elena -- Shaffer, Lisa G -- Pober, Barbara -- Morton, Cynthia C -- Gusella, James F -- Bruns, Gail A P -- Korf, Bruce R -- Quade, Bradley J -- Ligon, Azra H -- Ferguson, Heather -- Higgins, Anne W -- Leach, Natalia T -- Herrick, Steven R -- Lemyre, Emmanuelle -- Farra, Chantal G -- Kim, Hyung-Goo -- Summers, Anne M -- Gripp, Karen W -- Roberts, Wendy -- Szatmari, Peter -- Winsor, Elizabeth J T -- Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz -- Teebi, Ahmed -- Minassian, Berge A -- Kere, Juha -- Armengol, Lluis -- Pujana, Miguel Angel -- Estivill, Xavier -- Wilson, Michael D -- Koop, Ben F -- Tosi, Sabrina -- Moore, Gudrun E -- Boright, Andrew P -- Zlotorynski, Eitan -- Kerem, Batsheva -- Kroisel, Peter M -- Petek, Erwin -- Oscier, David G -- Mould, Sarah J -- Dohner, Hartmut -- Dohner, Konstanze -- Rommens, Johanna M -- Vincent, John B -- Venter, J Craig -- Li, Peter W -- Mural, Richard J -- Adams, Mark D -- Tsui, Lap-Chee -- 38103/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 GM061354/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8. steve@genet.sickkids.on.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; Chromosome Fragility ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; CpG Islands ; DNA, Complementary ; Databases, Genetic ; Euchromatin/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Overlapping ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Pseudogenes ; RNA/genetics ; Retroelements ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Williams Syndrome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Cleavage of proBDNF by tPA/plasmin is essential for long-term hippocampal plasticity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Long-term memory is thought to be mediated by protein synthesis-dependent, late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP). Two secretory proteins, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been implicated in this process, but their relationship is unclear. Here we report that tPA, by activating the extracellular protease plasmin, converts the precursor proBDNF to the mature BDNF (mBDNF), and that such conversion is critical for L-LTP expression in mouse hippocampus. Moreover, application of mBDNF is sufficient to rescue L-LTP when protein synthesis is inhibited, which suggests that mBDNF is a key protein synthesis product for L-LTP expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pang, Petti T -- Teng, Henry K -- Zaitsev, Eugene -- Woo, Newton T -- Sakata, Kazuko -- Zhen, Shushuang -- Teng, Kenneth K -- Yung, Wing-Ho -- Hempstead, Barbara L -- Lu, Bai -- NS30658/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):487-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Neural Development and Plasticity, Laboratory of Cellular and Synaptic Neurophysiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anisomycin/pharmacology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Fibrinolysin/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The translational landscape of mTOR signalling steers cancer initiation and metastasis (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a master regulator of protein synthesis that couples nutrient sensing to cell growth and cancer. However, the downstream translationally regulated nodes of gene expression that may direct cancer development are poorly characterized. Using ribosome profiling, we uncover specialized translation of the prostate cancer genome by oncogenic mTOR signalling, revealing a remarkably specific repertoire of genes involved in cell proliferation, metabolism and invasion. We extend these findings by functionally characterizing a class of translationally controlled pro-invasion messenger RNAs that we show direct prostate cancer invasion and metastasis downstream of oncogenic mTOR signalling. Furthermore, we develop a clinically relevant ATP site inhibitor of mTOR, INK128, which reprograms this gene expression signature with therapeutic benefit for prostate cancer metastasis, for which there is presently no cure. Together, these findings extend our understanding of how the 'cancerous' translation machinery steers specific cancer cell behaviours, including metastasis, and may be therapeutically targeted.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3663483/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3663483/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsieh, Andrew C -- Liu, Yi -- Edlind, Merritt P -- Ingolia, Nicholas T -- Janes, Matthew R -- Sher, Annie -- Shi, Evan Y -- Stumpf, Craig R -- Christensen, Carly -- Bonham, Michael J -- Wang, Shunyou -- Ren, Pingda -- Martin, Michael -- Jessen, Katti -- Feldman, Morris E -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- Shokat, Kevan M -- Rommel, Christian -- Ruggero, Davide -- R01 CA140456/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154916/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 22;485(7396):55-61. doi: 10.1038/nature10912.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine and Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22367541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Benzoxazoles/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects/genetics ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects/genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics ; *Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Musashi-2 attenuates AHR signalling to expand human haematopoietic stem cells (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: Umbilical cord blood-derived haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential for many life-saving regenerative therapies. However, despite their advantages for transplantation, their clinical use is restricted because HSCs in cord blood are found only in small numbers. Small molecules that enhance haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion in culture have been identified, but in many cases their mechanisms of action or the nature of the pathways they impinge on are poorly understood. A greater understanding of the molecular circuitry that underpins the self-renewal of human HSCs will facilitate the development of targeted strategies that expand HSCs for regenerative therapies. Whereas transcription factor networks have been shown to influence the self-renewal and lineage decisions of human HSCs, the post-transcriptional mechanisms that guide HSC fate have not been closely investigated. Here we show that overexpression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) induces multiple pro-self-renewal phenotypes, including a 17-fold increase in short-term repopulating cells and a net 23-fold ex vivo expansion of long-term repopulating HSCs. By performing a global analysis of MSI2-RNA interactions, we show that MSI2 directly attenuates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling through post-transcriptional downregulation of canonical AHR pathway components in cord blood HSPCs. Our study gives mechanistic insight into RNA networks controlled by RNA-binding proteins that underlie self-renewal and provides evidence that manipulating such networks ex vivo can enhance the regenerative potential of human HSCs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880456/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880456/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rentas, Stefan -- Holzapfel, Nicholas T -- Belew, Muluken S -- Pratt, Gabriel A -- Voisin, Veronique -- Wilhelm, Brian T -- Bader, Gary D -- Yeo, Gene W -- Hope, Kristin J -- HG004659/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MOP-126030/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- NS075449/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 28;532(7600):508-11. doi: 10.1038/nature17665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. ; Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. ; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Count ; *Cell Self Renewal/genetics ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs that mediate important gene-regulatory events by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their repression. Repression of these regulatory targets leads to decreased translational efficiency and/or decreased mRNA levels, but the relative contributions of these two outcomes have been largely unknown, particularly for endogenous targets expressed at low-to-moderate levels. Here, we use ribosome profiling to measure the overall effects on protein production and compare these to simultaneously measured effects on mRNA levels. For both ectopic and endogenous miRNA regulatory interactions, lowered mRNA levels account for most (〉/=84%) of the decreased protein production. These results show that changes in mRNA levels closely reflect the impact of miRNAs on gene expression and indicate that destabilization of target mRNAs is the predominant reason for reduced protein output.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990499/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990499/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Huili -- Ingolia, Nicholas T -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- Bartel, David P -- GM080853/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067031/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067031-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067031-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067031-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):835-40. doi: 10.1038/nature09267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Animals ; Down-Regulation/*genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mammals/genetics ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; RNA Stability/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human gut Bacteroidetes can utilize yeast mannan through a selfish mechanism (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: Yeasts, which have been a component of the human diet for at least 7,000 years, possess an elaborate cell wall alpha-mannan. The influence of yeast mannan on the ecology of the human microbiota is unknown. Here we show that yeast alpha-mannan is a viable food source for the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a dominant member of the microbiota. Detailed biochemical analysis and targeted gene disruption studies support a model whereby limited cleavage of alpha-mannan on the surface generates large oligosaccharides that are subsequently depolymerized to mannose by the action of periplasmic enzymes. Co-culturing studies showed that metabolism of yeast mannan by B. thetaiotaomicron presents a 'selfish' model for the catabolism of this difficult to breakdown polysaccharide. Genomic comparison with B. thetaiotaomicron in conjunction with cell culture studies show that a cohort of highly successful members of the microbiota has evolved to consume sterically-restricted yeast glycans, an adaptation that may reflect the incorporation of eukaryotic microorganisms into the human diet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cuskin, Fiona -- Lowe, Elisabeth C -- Temple, Max J -- Zhu, Yanping -- Cameron, Elizabeth A -- Pudlo, Nicholas A -- Porter, Nathan T -- Urs, Karthik -- Thompson, Andrew J -- Cartmell, Alan -- Rogowski, Artur -- Hamilton, Brian S -- Chen, Rui -- Tolbert, Thomas J -- Piens, Kathleen -- Bracke, Debby -- Vervecken, Wouter -- Hakki, Zalihe -- Speciale, Gaetano -- Munoz-Munoz, Jose L -- Day, Andrew -- Pena, Maria J -- McLean, Richard -- Suits, Michael D -- Boraston, Alisdair B -- Atherly, Todd -- Ziemer, Cherie J -- Williams, Spencer J -- Davies, Gideon J -- Abbott, D Wade -- Martens, Eric C -- Gilbert, Harry J -- 097907/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/G016127/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- GM090080/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-68913/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- WT097907AIA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):165-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13995.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK [2] Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. ; Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA. ; Oxyrane, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. ; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada. ; Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada. ; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. ; 1] Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA [2] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroidetes/cytology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Diet ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Genetic Loci/genetics ; Germ-Free Life ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mannans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mannose/metabolism ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism ; Periplasm/enzymology ; Yeasts/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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