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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: The bacterial pathogen Yersinia uses a type III secretion system to inject several virulence factors into target cells. One of the Yersinia virulence factors, YopJ, was shown to bind directly to the superfamily of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases (MKKs) blocking both phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the MKKs. These results explain the diverse activities of YopJ in inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p38, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, preventing cytokine synthesis and promoting apoptosis. YopJ-related proteins that are found in a number of bacterial pathogens of animals and plants may function to block MKKs so that host signaling responses can be modulated upon infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orth, K -- Palmer, L E -- Bao, Z Q -- Stewart, S -- Rudolph, A E -- Bliska, J B -- Dixon, J E -- 18024/PHS HHS/ -- AI35175/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*physiology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: Transcription factors of the nuclear factor-kappaB/rel (NF-kappaB) family may be important in cell survival by regulating unidentified, anti-apoptotic genes. One such gene that protects cells from apoptosis induced by Fas or tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF), IEX-1L, is described here. Its transcription induced by TNF was decreased in cells with defective NF-kappaB activation, rendering them sensitive to TNF-induced apoptosis, which was abolished by transfection with IEX-1L. In support, overexpression of antisense IEX-1L partially blocked TNF-induced expression of IEX-1L and sensitized normal cells to killing. This study demonstrates a key role of IEX-1L in cellular resistance to TNF-induced apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, M X -- Ao, Z -- Prasad, K V -- Wu, R -- Schlossman, S F -- AI12069/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30AI28691/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):998-1001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/physiology ; Apoptosis/genetics/*physiology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Antisense/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*physiology ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: Peptide-major histocompatibility complex protein complexes (pMHCs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are central to T cell activation. Within minutes of peptide-specific T cells interacting with APCs, pMHCs on APCs formed clusters at the site of T cell contact. Thereafter, these clusters were acquired by T cells and internalized through T cell receptor-mediated endocytosis. During this process, T cells became sensitive to peptide-specific lysis by neighboring T cells (fratricide). This form of immunoregulation could explain the "exhaustion" of T cell responses that is induced by high viral loads and may serve to down-regulate immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, J F -- Yang, Y -- Sepulveda, H -- Shi, W -- Hwang, I -- Peterson, P A -- Jackson, M R -- Sprent, J -- Cai, Z -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):952-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10542149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Drosophila ; *Endocytosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Peptides/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: The mechanisms by which Ebola virus evades detection and infects cells to cause hemorrhagic fever have not been defined, though its glycoprotein, synthesized in either a secreted or transmembrane form, is likely involved. Here the secreted glycoprotein was found to interact with neutrophils through CD16b, the neutrophil-specific form of the Fc gamma receptor III, whereas the transmembrane glycoprotein was found to interact with endothelial cells but not neutrophils. A murine retroviral vector pseudotyped with the transmembrane glycoprotein preferentially infected endothelial cells. Thus, the secreted glycoprotein inhibits early neutrophil activation, which likely affects the host response to infection, whereas binding of the transmembrane glycoprotein to endothelial cells may contribute to the hemorrhagic symptoms of this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Z -- Delgado, R -- Xu, L -- Todd, R F -- Nabel, E G -- Sanchez, A -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Ebolavirus/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*metabolism/virology ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; L-Selectin/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics/physiology ; Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/secretion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-11-05
    Description: Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) by inflammatory cytokines requires the successive action of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and IkappaB kinase-alpha (IKK-alpha). A widely expressed protein kinase was identified that is 52 percent identical to IKK-alpha. IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-beta) activated NF-kappaB when overexpressed and phosphorylated serine residues 32 and 36 of IkappaB-alpha and serines 19 and 23 of IkappaB-beta. The activity of IKK-beta was stimulated by tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 treatment. IKK-alpha and IKK-beta formed heterodimers that interacted with NIK. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive form of IKK-beta blocked cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation. Thus, an active IkappaB kinase complex may require three distinct protein kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woronicz, J D -- Gao, X -- Cao, Z -- Rothe, M -- Goeddel, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):866-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik, Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9346485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transfection
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: Integrin-mediated reorganization of cell shape leads to an altered cellular phenotype. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, initiated by binding of soluble antibody to alpha5beta1 integrin, led to increased expression of the collagenase-1 gene in rabbit synovial fibroblasts. Activation of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein Rac1, which was downstream of the integrin, was necessary for this process, and expression of activated Rac1 was sufficient to increase expression of collagenase-1. Rac1 activation generated reactive oxygen species that were essential for nuclear factor kappa B-dependent transcriptional regulation of interleukin-1alpha, which, in an autocrine manner, induced collagenase-1 gene expression. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix and consequent alterations of integrin-mediated adhesion and cytoarchitecture are central to development, wound healing, inflammation, and malignant disease. The resulting activation of Rac1 may lead to altered gene regulation and alterations in cellular morphogenesis, migration, and invasion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kheradmand, F -- Werner, E -- Tremble, P -- Symons, M -- Werb, Z -- AR20684/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DE10306/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HL03732/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):898-902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Size ; Collagenases/*genetics ; Cytochalasin D/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Fibroblasts ; Free Radicals ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genes, Reporter ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Interleukin-1/genetics/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Receptors, Fibronectin/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: Many members of the cytokine receptor superfamily initiate intracellular signaling by activating members of the Jak family of tyrosine kinases. Activation of the same Jaks by multiple cytokines raises the question of how these cytokines activate distinct intracellular signaling pathways. Selection of particular substrates--the transcriptional activator Stat3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1D--that characterize responses to the ciliary neurotrophic factor-interleukin-6 cytokine family depended not on which Jak was activated, but was instead determined by specific tyrosine-based motifs in the receptor components--gp130 and LIFR--shared by these cytokines. Further, these tyrosine-based motifs were modular, because addition of a Stat3-specifying motif to another cytokine receptor, that for erythropoietin, caused it to activate Stat3 in a ligand-dependent fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stahl, N -- Farruggella, T J -- Boulton, T G -- Zhong, Z -- Darnell, J E Jr -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1349-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Cell Line ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; *Lymphokines ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytokine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, OSM-LIF ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-02-23
    Description: The pleiotropic biological activities of interleukin-1 (IL-1) are mediated by its type I receptor (IL-1RI). When the ligand binds, IL-1RI initiates a signaling cascade that results in the activation of the transcription regulator nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). A protein kinase designated IRAK (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase) was purified, and its complementary DNA was molecularly cloned. When human embryonic kidney cells (cell line 293) over-expressing IL-1RI or HeLa cells were exposed to IL-1, IRAK rapidly associated with the IL-1RI complex and was phosphorylated. The primary amino acid sequence of IRAK shares similarity with that of Pelle, a protein kinase that is essential for the activation of a NF-kappa B homolog in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, Z -- Henzel, W J -- Gao, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 23;271(5252):1128-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Tularik, Incorporated, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8599092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-06-21
    Description: ZPR1 is a zinc finger protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Deletion analysis demonstrated that this binding interaction is mediated by the zinc fingers of ZPR1 and subdomains X and XI of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. Treatment of mammalian cells with EGF caused decreased binding of ZPR1 to the EGFR and the accumulation of ZPR1 in the nucleus. The effect of EGF to regulate ZPR1 binding is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR. ZPR1 therefore represents a prototype for a class of molecule that binds to the EGFR and is released from the receptor after activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galcheva-Gargova, Z -- Konstantinov, K N -- Wu, I H -- Klier, F G -- Barrett, T -- Davis, R J -- R01-CA58396/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 21;272(5269):1797-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/secretion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Testis/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Vanadates/pharmacology ; *Zinc Fingers ; src Homology Domains
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-06-28
    Description: Activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors induce the formation of various complexes of intracellular signaling proteins that are mediated by SRC homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains. The activated receptors are also rapidly internalized into the endocytotic compartment and degraded in lysosomes. EGF stimulation of canine epithelial cells induced a rapid and transient association of the SH3-SH2-SH3 protein GRB2 with dynamin, a guanosine triphosphatase that regulates endocytosis. Disruption of GRB2 interactions by microinjection of a peptide corresponding to the GRB2 SH2 domain or its phosphopeptide ligand blocked EGF receptor endocytosis; other SH2 domains that bind EGF receptors or antibodies that neutralize RAS did not. Both activation and termination of EGF signaling appear to be regulated by the diverse interactions of GRB2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Z -- Moran, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1935-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Dogs ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; GRB2 Adaptor Protein ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Microinjections ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/immunology/physiology ; src Homology Domains/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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