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  • 1
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    Virus-assisted mapping of neural inputs to a feeding center in the hypothalamus (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-03
    Description: We report the development of a pseudorabies virus that can be used for retrograde tracing from selected neurons. This virus encodes a green fluorescent protein marker and replicates only in neurons that express the Cre recombinase and in neurons in synaptic contact with the originally infected cells. The virus was injected into the arcuate nucleus of mice that express Cre only in those neurons that express neuropeptide Y or the leptin receptor. Sectioning of the brains revealed that these neurons receive inputs from neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus, as well as the amygdala, cortex, and other brain regions. These data suggest that higher cortical centers modulate leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. This method of neural tracing may prove useful in studies of other complex neural circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeFalco, J -- Tomishima, M -- Liu, H -- Zhao, C -- Cai, X -- Marth, J D -- Enquist, L -- Friedman, J M -- DK48247/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01133506/PHS HHS/ -- R01DK41096/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2608-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/cytology/*physiology/virology ; Brain/cytology/*physiology/virology ; Brain Mapping ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; *Eating ; Gene Expression ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/*genetics/physiology ; Hypothalamus/cytology/*physiology/virology ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*metabolism/virology ; Neuropeptide Y/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Leptin ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Viral Proteins ; Virus Replication ; tau Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Coupling of the TCR to integrin activation by Slap-130/Fyb (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: SLAP-130/Fyb (SLP-76-associated phosphoprotein or Fyn-binding protein; also known as Fyb/Slap) is a hematopoietic-specific adapter, which associates with and modulates function of SH2-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons (SLP-76). T cells from mice lacking SLAP-130/Fyb show markedly impaired proliferation following CD3 engagement. In addition, the T cell receptor (TCR) in SLAP-130/Fyb mutant cells fails to enhance integrin-dependent adhesion. Although TCR-induced actin polymerization is normal, TCR-stimulated clustering of the integrin LFA-1 is defective in SLAP-130/Fyb-deficient cells. These data indicate that SLAP-130/Fyb is important for coupling TCR-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangement with activation of integrin function, and for T cells to respond fully to activating signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, E J -- Woods, M L -- Dmowski, S A -- Derimanov, G -- Jordan, M S -- Wu, J N -- Myung, P S -- Liu, Q H -- Pribila, J T -- Freedman, B D -- Shimizu, Y -- Koretzky, G A -- R01 AI060921/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2263-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Immunologic Capping ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ruiqiang -- Fan, Wei -- Tian, Geng -- Zhu, Hongmei -- He, Lin -- Cai, Jing -- Huang, Quanfei -- Cai, Qingle -- Li, Bo -- Bai, Yinqi -- Zhang, Zhihe -- Zhang, Yaping -- Wang, Wen -- Li, Jun -- Wei, Fuwen -- Li, Heng -- Jian, Min -- Li, Jianwen -- Zhang, Zhaolei -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Li, Dawei -- Gu, Wanjun -- Yang, Zhentao -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Leung, Frederick Chi-Ching -- Zhou, Yan -- Cao, Jianjun -- Sun, Xiao -- Fu, Yonggui -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Guo, Xiaosen -- Wang, Bo -- Hou, Rong -- Shen, Fujun -- Mu, Bo -- Ni, Peixiang -- Lin, Runmao -- Qian, Wubin -- Wang, Guodong -- Yu, Chang -- Nie, Wenhui -- Wang, Jinhuan -- Wu, Zhigang -- Liang, Huiqing -- Min, Jiumeng -- Wu, Qi -- Cheng, Shifeng -- Ruan, Jue -- Wang, Mingwei -- Shi, Zhongbin -- Wen, Ming -- Liu, Binghang -- Ren, Xiaoli -- Zheng, Huisong -- Dong, Dong -- Cook, Kathleen -- Shan, Gao -- Zhang, Hao -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Xie, Xueying -- Lu, Zuhong -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Li, Yingrui -- Steiner, Cynthia C -- Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Lin, Siyuan -- Zhang, Qinghui -- Li, Guoqing -- Tian, Jing -- Gong, Timing -- Liu, Hongde -- Zhang, Dejin -- Fang, Lin -- Ye, Chen -- Zhang, Juanbin -- Hu, Wenbo -- Xu, Anlong -- Ren, Yuanyuan -- Zhang, Guojie -- Bruford, Michael W -- Li, Qibin -- Ma, Lijia -- Guo, Yiran -- An, Na -- Hu, Yujie -- Zheng, Yang -- Shi, Yongyong -- Li, Zhiqiang -- Liu, Qing -- Chen, Yanling -- Zhao, Jing -- Qu, Ning -- Zhao, Shancen -- Tian, Feng -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Wang, Haiyin -- Xu, Lizhi -- Liu, Xiao -- Vinar, Tomas -- Wang, Yajun -- Lam, Tak-Wah -- Yiu, Siu-Ming -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhang, Hemin -- Li, Desheng -- Huang, Yan -- Wang, Xia -- Yang, Guohua -- Jiang, Zhi -- Wang, Junyi -- Qin, Nan -- Li, Li -- Li, Jingxiang -- Bolund, Lars -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Olson, Maynard -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):311-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08696. Epub 2009 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; China ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Contig Mapping ; Diet/veterinary ; Dogs ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/physiology ; Genome/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny/genetics ; Ursidae/classification/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Phosphorylation of MLL by ATR is required for execution of mammalian S-phase checkpoint (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-08
    Description: Cell cycle checkpoints are implemented to safeguard the genome, avoiding the accumulation of genetic errors. Checkpoint loss results in genomic instability and contributes to the evolution of cancer. Among G1-, S-, G2- and M-phase checkpoints, genetic studies indicate the role of an intact S-phase checkpoint in maintaining genome integrity. Although the basic framework of the S-phase checkpoint in multicellular organisms has been outlined, the mechanistic details remain to be elucidated. Human chromosome-11 band-q23 translocations disrupting the MLL gene lead to poor prognostic leukaemias. Here we assign MLL as a novel effector in the mammalian S-phase checkpoint network and identify checkpoint dysfunction as an underlying mechanism of MLL leukaemias. MLL is phosphorylated at serine 516 by ATR in response to genotoxic stress in the S phase, which disrupts its interaction with, and hence its degradation by, the SCF(Skp2) E3 ligase, leading to its accumulation. Stabilized MLL protein accumulates on chromatin, methylates histone H3 lysine 4 at late replication origins and inhibits the loading of CDC45 to delay DNA replication. Cells deficient in MLL showed radioresistant DNA synthesis and chromatid-type genomic abnormalities, indicative of S-phase checkpoint dysfunction. Reconstitution of Mll(-/-) (Mll also known as Mll1) mouse embryonic fibroblasts with wild-type but not S516A or DeltaSET mutant MLL rescues the S-phase checkpoint defects. Moreover, murine myeloid progenitor cells carrying an Mll-CBP knock-in allele that mimics human t(11;16) leukaemia show a severe radioresistant DNA synthesis phenotype. MLL fusions function as dominant negative mutants that abrogate the ATR-mediated phosphorylation/stabilization of wild-type MLL on damage to DNA, and thus compromise the S-phase checkpoint. Together, our results identify MLL as a key constituent of the mammalian DNA damage response pathway and show that deregulation of the S-phase checkpoint incurred by MLL translocations probably contributes to the pathogenesis of human MLL leukaemias.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940944/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940944/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Han -- Takeda, Shugaku -- Kumar, Rakesh -- Westergard, Todd D -- Brown, Eric J -- Pandita, Tej K -- Cheng, Emily H-Y -- Hsieh, James J-D -- CA119008/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA123232/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA129537/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA119008/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA119008-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA119008-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA119008-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA119008-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA119008-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):343-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09350. Epub 2010 Sep 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20818375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication/physiology ; Genes, Dominant/genetics ; Genomic Instability/physiology ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia/genetics ; Lysine/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mice ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells/metabolism ; Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; S Phase/*physiology ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Translocation, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Bmi1 regulates mitochondrial function and the DNA damage response pathway (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-01
    Description: Mice deficient in the Polycomb repressor Bmi1 develop numerous abnormalities including a severe defect in stem cell self-renewal, alterations in thymocyte maturation and a shortened lifespan. Previous work has implicated de-repression of the Ink4a/Arf (also known as Cdkn2a) locus as mediating many of the aspects of the Bmi1(-/-) phenotype. Here we demonstrate that cells derived from Bmi1(-/-) mice also have impaired mitochondrial function, a marked increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and subsequent engagement of the DNA damage response pathway. Furthermore, many of the deficiencies normally observed in Bmi1(-/-) mice improve after either pharmacological treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or genetic disruption of the DNA damage response pathway by Chk2 (also known as Chek2) deletion. These results demonstrate that Bmi1 has an unexpected role in maintaining mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis and indicate that the Polycomb family of proteins can coordinately regulate cellular metabolism with stem and progenitor cell function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721521/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721521/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jie -- Cao, Liu -- Chen, Jichun -- Song, Shiwei -- Lee, In Hye -- Quijano, Celia -- Liu, Hongjun -- Keyvanfar, Keyvan -- Chen, Haoqian -- Cao, Long-Yue -- Ahn, Bong-Hyun -- Kumar, Neil G -- Rovira, Ilsa I -- Xu, Xiao-Ling -- van Lohuizen, Maarten -- Motoyama, Noboru -- Deng, Chu-Xia -- Finkel, Toren -- R00 AG032356/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 HL005012-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):387-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08040. Epub 2009 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; *DNA Damage/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Fine-tuning of pre-balanced excitation and inhibition during auditory cortical development (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: Functional receptive fields of neurons in sensory cortices undergo progressive refinement during development. Such refinement may be attributed to the pruning of non-optimal excitatory inputs, reshaping of the excitatory tuning profile through modifying the strengths of individual inputs, or strengthening of cortical inhibition. These models have not been directly tested because of the technical difficulties in assaying the spatiotemporal patterns of functional synaptic inputs during development. Here we apply in vivo whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings to the recipient layer 4 neurons in the rat primary auditory cortex (A1) to determine the developmental changes in the frequency-intensity tonal receptive fields (TRFs) of their excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Surprisingly, we observe co-tuned excitation and inhibition immediately after the onset of hearing, suggesting that a tripartite thalamocortical circuit with relatively strong feedforward inhibition is formed independently of auditory experience. The frequency ranges of tone-driven excitatory and inhibitory inputs first expand within a few days of the onset of hearing and then persist into adulthood. The latter phase is accompanied by a sharpening of the excitatory but not inhibitory frequency tuning profile, which results in relatively broader inhibitory tuning in adult A1 neurons. Thus the development of cortical synaptic TRFs after the onset of hearing is marked by a slight breakdown of previously formed excitation-inhibition balance. Our results suggest that functional refinement of cortical TRFs does not require a selective pruning of inputs, but may depend more on a fine adjustment of excitatory input strengths.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Yujiao J -- Wu, Guangying K -- Liu, Bao-Hua -- Li, Pingyang -- Zhou, Mu -- Xiao, Zhongju -- Tao, Huizhong W -- Zhang, Li I -- EY018718/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY019049/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-04/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY019049/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY019049-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01DC008983/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814-01A1/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008588/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008588-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008588-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21DC008588/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025755/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):927-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09079.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/growth & development/*physiology ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Electrical Synapses/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Hearing/physiology ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Functionally defective germline variants of sialic acid acetylesterase in autoimmunity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-18
    Description: Sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) is an enzyme that negatively regulates B lymphocyte antigen receptor signalling and is required for the maintenance of immunological tolerance in mice. Heterozygous loss-of-function germline rare variants and a homozygous defective polymorphic variant of SIAE were identified in 24/923 subjects of European origin with relatively common autoimmune disorders and in 2/648 controls of European origin. All heterozygous loss-of-function SIAE mutations tested were capable of functioning in a dominant negative manner. A homozygous secretion-defective polymorphic variant of SIAE was catalytically active, lacked the ability to function in a dominant negative manner, and was seen in eight autoimmune subjects but in no control subjects. The odds ratio for inheriting defective SIAE alleles was 8.6 in all autoimmune subjects, 8.3 in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, and 7.9 in subjects with type I diabetes. Functionally defective SIAE rare and polymorphic variants represent a strong genetic link to susceptibility in relatively common human autoimmune disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900412/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900412/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Surolia, Ira -- Pirnie, Stephan P -- Chellappa, Vasant -- Taylor, Kendra N -- Cariappa, Annaiah -- Moya, Jesse -- Liu, Haoyuan -- Bell, Daphne W -- Driscoll, David R -- Diederichs, Sven -- Haider, Khaleda -- Netravali, Ilka -- Le, Sheila -- Elia, Roberto -- Dow, Ethan -- Lee, Annette -- Freudenberg, Jan -- De Jager, Philip L -- Chretien, Yves -- Varki, Ajit -- MacDonald, Marcy E -- Gillis, Tammy -- Behrens, Timothy W -- Bloch, Donald -- Collier, Deborah -- Korzenik, Joshua -- Podolsky, Daniel K -- Hafler, David -- Murali, Mandakolathur -- Sands, Bruce -- Stone, John H -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Pillai, Shiv -- AI 064930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 068759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 076505/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR 022263/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR 044422/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR 058481/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 32765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064930-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068759-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076505/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076505-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044422/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044422-13/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 AR058481/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 AR058481-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 8;466(7303):243-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09115. Epub 2010 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20555325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetylesterase/*genetics/metabolism/secretion ; Alleles ; Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology/genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/*enzymology/*genetics ; Autoimmunity/*genetics ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*genetics/metabolism/secretion ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology/genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Exons/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/*metabolism ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sample Size ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-23
    Description: The gastrointestinal tracts of mammals are colonized by hundreds of microbial species that contribute to health, including colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens. Many antibiotics destroy intestinal microbial communities and increase susceptibility to intestinal pathogens. Among these, Clostridium difficile, a major cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhoea, greatly increases morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Which intestinal bacteria provide resistance to C. difficile infection and their in vivo inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Here we correlate loss of specific bacterial taxa with development of infection, by treating mice with different antibiotics that result in distinct microbiota changes and lead to varied susceptibility to C. difficile. Mathematical modelling augmented by analyses of the microbiota of hospitalized patients identifies resistance-associated bacteria common to mice and humans. Using these platforms, we determine that Clostridium scindens, a bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating intestinal bacterium, is associated with resistance to C. difficile infection and, upon administration, enhances resistance to infection in a secondary bile acid dependent fashion. Using a workflow involving mouse models, clinical studies, metagenomic analyses, and mathematical modelling, we identify a probiotic candidate that corrects a clinically relevant microbiome deficiency. These findings have implications for the rational design of targeted antimicrobials as well as microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics for individuals at risk of C. difficile infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354891/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354891/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buffie, Charlie G -- Bucci, Vanni -- Stein, Richard R -- McKenney, Peter T -- Ling, Lilan -- Gobourne, Asia -- No, Daniel -- Liu, Hui -- Kinnebrew, Melissa -- Viale, Agnes -- Littmann, Eric -- van den Brink, Marcel R M -- Jenq, Robert R -- Taur, Ying -- Sander, Chris -- Cross, Justin R -- Toussaint, Nora C -- Xavier, Joao B -- Pamer, Eric G -- AI95706/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD008440/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2OD008440/OD/NIH HHS/ -- K23 AI095398/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042135/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI095706/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI42135/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009149/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA148967/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):205-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13828. Epub 2014 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA. ; Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Genomics Core Laboratory, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA [3] Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bile Acids and Salts/*metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Clostridium/metabolism ; Clostridium difficile/drug effects/*physiology ; Colitis/metabolism/microbiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Disease Susceptibility/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/drug effects/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Metagenome/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiota/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Complete resequencing of 40 genomes reveals domestication events and genes in silkworm (Bombyx) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: A single-base pair resolution silkworm genetic variation map was constructed from 40 domesticated and wild silkworms, each sequenced to approximately threefold coverage, representing 99.88% of the genome. We identified ~16 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, many indels, and structural variations. We find that the domesticated silkworms are clearly genetically differentiated from the wild ones, but they have maintained large levels of genetic variability, suggesting a short domestication event involving a large number of individuals. We also identified signals of selection at 354 candidate genes that may have been important during domestication, some of which have enriched expression in the silk gland, midgut, and testis. These data add to our understanding of the domestication processes and may have applications in devising pest control strategies and advancing the use of silkworms as efficient bioreactors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951477/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951477/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Guo, Yiran -- Zhang, Ze -- Li, Dong -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Li, Zhuo -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Yingrui -- Cheng, Daojun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Jiang, Tao -- Becquet, Celine -- Xu, Xun -- Liu, Chun -- Zha, Xingfu -- Fan, Wei -- Lin, Ying -- Shen, Yihong -- Jiang, Lan -- Jensen, Jeffrey -- Hellmann, Ines -- Tang, Si -- Zhao, Ping -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yu, Chang -- Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Jun -- Cao, Jianjun -- Liu, Shiping -- He, Ningjia -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Hui -- Zhao, Jing -- Ye, Chen -- Du, Zhouhe -- Pan, Guoqing -- Zhao, Aichun -- Shao, Haojing -- Zeng, Wei -- Wu, Ping -- Li, Chunfeng -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Jingjing -- Yin, Xuyang -- Li, Dawei -- Wang, Juan -- Zheng, Huisong -- Wang, Wen -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Lu, Cheng -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Wang, Jian -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):433-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1176620. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bombyx/classification/*genetics ; Digestive System/metabolism ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; INDEL Mutation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Testis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Failure of bone marrow cells to transdifferentiate into neural cells in vivo (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castro, Raymond F -- Jackson, Kathyjo A -- Goodell, Margaret A -- Robertson, Claudia S -- Liu, Hao -- Shine, H David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12193778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Brain/*cytology ; Brain Injuries/pathology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins/toxicity ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Spinal Cord/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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