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  • 1
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    Comparative analysis of a large dataset indicates that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) should be incorporated into the core barcode for seed plants [Ecology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: A two-marker combination of plastid rbcL and matK has previously been recommended as the core plant barcode, to be supplemented with additional markers such as plastid trnH–psbA and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). To assess the effectiveness and universality of these barcode markers in seed plants, we sampled 6,286 individuals representing 1,757 species in 141 genera of 75 families (42 orders) by using four different methods of data analysis. These analyses indicate that (i) the three plastid markers showed high levels of universality (87.1–92.7%), whereas ITS performed relatively well (79%) in angiosperms but not so well in gymnosperms; (ii) in taxonomic groups for which direct sequencing of the marker is possible, ITS showed the highest discriminatory power of the four markers, and a combination of ITS and any plastid DNA marker was able to discriminate 69.9–79.1% of species, compared with only 49.7% with rbcL + matK; and (iii) where multiple individuals of a single species were tested, ascriptions based on ITS and plastid DNA barcodes were incongruent in some samples for 45.2% of the sampled genera (for genera with more than one species sampled). This finding highlights the importance of both sampling multiple individuals and using markers with different modes of inheritance. In cases where it is difficult to amplify and directly sequence ITS in its entirety, just using ITS2 is a useful backup because it is easier to amplify and sequence this subset of the marker. We therefore propose that ITS/ITS2 should be incorporated into the core barcode for seed plants.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Preparation, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Nb4AlC3–Nb5(Si, Al)3 Composites (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-29
    Description: Niobium aluminum carbide ( Nb 4 AlC 3 ), as a member of the MAX phases, can retain its stiffness and strength up to over 1400°C, however, the strength at room temperature is relatively low. In this work, Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 was used to strengthen Nb 4 AlC 3 . Nb 4 AlC 3 – Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 composites with different amount of Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 were synthesized from the elemental powders by in situ hot-pressing/solid–liquid reaction synthesis process. The RT flexural strength was significantly improved from 370 MPa of monolithic Nb 4 AlC 3 to 432 MPa of Nb 4 AlC 3 -15 vol% Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 composite without the degradation of its high-temperature mechanical properties. While a slightly decrease in fracture toughness occurs with the increment of Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 content. Meanwhile, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations reveal that the interfaces between Nb 4 AlC 3 / Nb 4 AlC 3 , Nb 4 AlC 3 / Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 , and Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 / Nb 5 ( Si , Al ) 3 are free of amorphous layers, which is also beneficial to its high-temperature mechanical properties.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Anomalous independence of interface superconductivity from carrier density (2013)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 877 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3719 Authors: J. Wu, O. Pelleg, G. Logvenov, A. T. Bollinger, Y-J. Sun, G. S. Boebinger, M. Vanević, Z. Radović & I. Božović The recent discovery of superconductivity at the interface of two non-superconducting materials has received much attention. In cuprate bilayers, the critical temperature (Tc) can be significantly enhanced compared with single-phase samples. Several explanations have been proposed, invoking Sr interdiffusion, accumulation and depletion of mobile charge carriers, elongation of the copper-to-apical-oxygen bond length, or a beneficial crosstalk between a material with a high pairing energy and another with a large phase stiffness. From each of these models, one would predict Tc to depend strongly on the carrier density in the constituent materials. Here, we study combinatorial libraries of La2−xSrxCuO4–La2CuO4 bilayer samples—an unprecedentedly large set of more than 800 different compositions. The doping level x spans a wide range, 0.15 〈 x 〈 0.47, and the measured Hall coefficient varies by one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, across the entire sample set, Tc stays essentially constant at about 40 K. We infer that doping up to the optimum level does not shift the chemical potential, unlike in ordinary Fermi liquids. This result poses a new challenge to theory—cuprate superconductors have not run out of surprises.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Observation of high-T_{c} superconductivity in rectangular FeSe/SrTiO_{3} (110) monolayers (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-14
    Description: Author(s): P. Zhang, X.-L. Peng, T. Qian, P. Richard, X. Shi, J.-Z. Ma, B. B. Fu, Y.-L. Guo, Z. Q. Han, S. C. Wang, L. L. Wang, Q.-K. Xue, J. P. Hu, Y.-J. Sun, and H. Ding We design a monolayer film of FeSe on SrTiO 3 (110) substrate [FeSe/STO(110)], with a C 2 symmetry induced by epitaxial strain. Compared to FeSe on SrTiO 3 (001) substrate [FeSe/STO(001)], one of the in-plane lattice constants is reduced by 6%, to ∼ 3.67  Å. FeSe/STO(110) exhibits a large nearly isotropic … [Phys. Rev. B 94, 104510] Published Tue Sep 13, 2016
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Orbital characters determined from Fermi surface intensity patterns using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: Author(s): X.-P. Wang, P. Richard, Y.-B. Huang, H. Miao, L. Cevey, N. Xu, Y.-J. Sun, T. Qian, Y.-M. Xu, M. Shi, J.-P. Hu, X. Dai, and H. Ding In order to determine the orbital characters on the various Fermi surface pockets of the Fe-based superconductors Ba 0.6 K 0.4 Fe 2 As 2 and FeSe 0.45 Te 0.55 , we introduce a method to calculate photoemission matrix elements. We compare our simulations to experimental data obtained with various experimental c... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 214518] Published Tue Jun 19, 2012
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Recovery of diurnal depression of leaf hydraulic conductance in a subtropical woody bamboo species: embolism refilling by nocturnal root pressure (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: Despite considerable investigations of diurnal water use characteristics in different plant functional groups, the research on daily water use strategies of woody bamboo grasses remains lacking. We studied the daily water use and gas exchange of Sinarundinaria nitida (Mitford) Nakai, an abundant subtropical bamboo species in Southwest China. We found that the stem relative water content (RWC) and stem hydraulic conductivity ( K s ) of this bamboo species did not decrease significantly during the day, whereas the leaf RWC and leaf hydraulic conductance ( K leaf ) showed a distinct decrease at midday, compared with the predawn values. Diurnal loss of K leaf was coupled with a midday decline in stomatal conductance ( g s ) and CO 2 assimilation. The positive root pressures in the different habitats were of sufficient magnitude to refill the embolisms in leaves. We concluded that (i) the studied bamboo species does not use stem water storage for daily transpiration; (ii) diurnal down-regulation in K leaf and g s has the function to slow down potential water loss in stems and protect the stem hydraulic pathway from cavitation; (iii) since K leaf did not recover during late afternoon, refilling of embolism in bamboo leaves probably fully depends on nocturnal root pressure. The embolism refilling mechanism by root pressure could be helpful for the growth and persistence of this woody monocot species.
    Print ISSN: 0829-318X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-4469
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Persistence of magnetic excitations in La2−xSrxCuO4 from the undoped insulator to the heavily overdoped non-superconducting metal (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-24
    Description: Nature Materials 12, 1019 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3723 Authors: M. P. M. Dean, G. Dellea, R. S. Springell, F. Yakhou-Harris, K. Kummer, N. B. Brookes, X. Liu, Y-J. Sun, J. Strle, T. Schmitt, L. Braicovich, G. Ghiringhelli, I. Božović & J. P. Hill One of the most intensely studied scenarios of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) postulates pairing by exchange of magnetic excitations. Indeed, such excitations have been observed up to optimal doping in the cuprates. In the heavily overdoped regime, neutron scattering measurements indicate that magnetic excitations have effectively disappeared, and this has been argued to cause the demise of HTS with overdoping. Here we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, which is sensitive to complementary parts of reciprocal space, to measure the evolution of the magnetic excitations in La2−xSrxCuO4 across the entire phase diagram, from a strongly correlated insulator (x  =  0) to a non-superconducting metal (x  =  0.40). For x  =  0, well-defined magnon excitations are observed. These magnons broaden with doping, but they persist with a similar dispersion and comparable intensity all the way to the non-superconducting, heavily overdoped metallic phase. The destruction of HTS with overdoping is therefore caused neither by the general disappearance nor by the overall softening of magnetic excitations. Other factors, such as the redistribution of spectral weight, must be considered.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Fine-tuning of pre-balanced excitation and inhibition during auditory cortical development (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: Functional receptive fields of neurons in sensory cortices undergo progressive refinement during development. Such refinement may be attributed to the pruning of non-optimal excitatory inputs, reshaping of the excitatory tuning profile through modifying the strengths of individual inputs, or strengthening of cortical inhibition. These models have not been directly tested because of the technical difficulties in assaying the spatiotemporal patterns of functional synaptic inputs during development. Here we apply in vivo whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings to the recipient layer 4 neurons in the rat primary auditory cortex (A1) to determine the developmental changes in the frequency-intensity tonal receptive fields (TRFs) of their excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Surprisingly, we observe co-tuned excitation and inhibition immediately after the onset of hearing, suggesting that a tripartite thalamocortical circuit with relatively strong feedforward inhibition is formed independently of auditory experience. The frequency ranges of tone-driven excitatory and inhibitory inputs first expand within a few days of the onset of hearing and then persist into adulthood. The latter phase is accompanied by a sharpening of the excitatory but not inhibitory frequency tuning profile, which results in relatively broader inhibitory tuning in adult A1 neurons. Thus the development of cortical synaptic TRFs after the onset of hearing is marked by a slight breakdown of previously formed excitation-inhibition balance. Our results suggest that functional refinement of cortical TRFs does not require a selective pruning of inputs, but may depend more on a fine adjustment of excitatory input strengths.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909826/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2909826/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Yujiao J -- Wu, Guangying K -- Liu, Bao-Hua -- Li, Pingyang -- Zhou, Mu -- Xiao, Zhongju -- Tao, Huizhong W -- Zhang, Li I -- EY018718/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY019049/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008983-04/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY019049/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY019049-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01DC008983/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814-01A1/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R03 DC006814-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008588/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008588-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21 DC008588-02/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21DC008588/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025755/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):927-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09079.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/growth & development/*physiology ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Electrical Synapses/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Hearing/physiology ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Continuous doping of a cuprate surface: Insights from in situ angle-resolved photoemission (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-10-25
    Description: Author(s): Y.-G. Zhong, J.-Y. Guan, X. Shi, J. Zhao, Z.-C. Rao, C.-Y. Tang, H.-J. Liu, Z. Y. Weng, Z. Q. Wang, G. D. Gu, T. Qian, Y.-J. Sun, and H. Ding We report a technique of a continuously doped surface of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + x through ozone/vacuum annealing and a systematic measurement over the nearly whole superconducting dome on the same sample surface by in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We find that the quasiparticle weight on th... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 140507(R)] Published Wed Oct 24, 2018
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Crystal structure of a membrane-embedded H+-translocating pyrophosphatase (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-30
    Description: H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPases) are active proton transporters that establish a proton gradient across the endomembrane by means of pyrophosphate (PP(i)) hydrolysis. H(+)-PPases are found primarily as homodimers in the vacuolar membrane of plants and the plasma membrane of several protozoa and prokaryotes. The three-dimensional structure and detailed mechanisms underlying the enzymatic and proton translocation reactions of H(+)-PPases are unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of a Vigna radiata H(+)-PPase (VrH(+)-PPase) in complex with a non-hydrolysable substrate analogue, imidodiphosphate (IDP), at 2.35 A resolution. Each VrH(+)-PPase subunit consists of an integral membrane domain formed by 16 transmembrane helices. IDP is bound in the cytosolic region of each subunit and trapped by numerous charged residues and five Mg(2+) ions. A previously undescribed proton translocation pathway is formed by six core transmembrane helices. Proton pumping can be initialized by PP(i) hydrolysis, and H(+) is then transported into the vacuolar lumen through a pathway consisting of Arg 242, Asp 294, Lys 742 and Glu 301. We propose a working model of the mechanism for the coupling between proton pumping and PP(i) hydrolysis by H(+)-PPases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Shih-Ming -- Tsai, Jia-Yin -- Hsiao, Chwan-Deng -- Huang, Yun-Tzu -- Chiu, Chen-Liang -- Liu, Mu-Hsuan -- Tung, Jung-Yu -- Liu, Tseng-Huang -- Pan, Rong-Long -- Sun, Yuh-Ju -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 28;484(7394):399-403. doi: 10.1038/nature10963.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Diphosphonates/chemistry/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*enzymology ; Hydrolysis ; Inorganic Pyrophosphatase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Static Electricity ; Vacuoles/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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