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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Non-human primates are valuable for modelling human disorders and for developing therapeutic strategies; however, little work has been reported in establishing transgenic non-human primate models of human diseases. Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment, cognitive deterioration and psychiatric disturbances followed by death within 10-15 years of the onset of the symptoms. HD is caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG, translated into glutamine) trinucleotide repeats in the first exon of the human huntingtin (HTT) gene. Mutant HTT with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) is widely expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues, but causes selective neurodegeneration that is most prominent in the striatum and cortex of the brain. Although rodent models of HD have been developed, these models do not satisfactorily parallel the brain changes and behavioural features observed in HD patients. Because of the close physiological, neurological and genetic similarities between humans and higher primates, monkeys can serve as very useful models for understanding human physiology and diseases. Here we report our progress in developing a transgenic model of HD in a rhesus macaque that expresses polyglutamine-expanded HTT. Hallmark features of HD, including nuclear inclusions and neuropil aggregates, were observed in the brains of the HD transgenic monkeys. Additionally, the transgenic monkeys showed important clinical features of HD, including dystonia and chorea. A transgenic HD monkey model may open the way to understanding the underlying biology of HD better, and to the development of potential therapies. Moreover, our data suggest that it will be feasible to generate valuable non-human primate models of HD and possibly other human genetic diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652570/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652570/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Shang-Hsun -- Cheng, Pei-Hsun -- Banta, Heather -- Piotrowska-Nitsche, Karolina -- Yang, Jin-Jing -- Cheng, Eric C H -- Snyder, Brooke -- Larkin, Katherine -- Liu, Jun -- Orkin, Jack -- Fang, Zhi-Hui -- Smith, Yoland -- Bachevalier, Jocelyne -- Zola, Stuart M -- Li, Shi-Hua -- Li, Xiao-Jiang -- Chan, Anthony W S -- R01 AG019206/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG019206-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS036232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS036232-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041669/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS041669-07/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):921-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06975. Epub 2008 May 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18488016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Chorea/genetics/physiopathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Dystonia/genetics/physiopathology ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Survival Analysis ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/*genetics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-05-23
    Description: Dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, the most severe responses to dengue virus (DV) infection, are characterized by plasma leakage (due to increased vascular permeability) and low platelet counts. CLEC5A (C-type lectin domain family 5, member A; also known as myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL-1)) contains a C-type lectin-like fold similar to the natural-killer T-cell C-type lectin domains and associates with a 12-kDa DNAX-activating protein (DAP12) on myeloid cells. Here we show that CLEC5A interacts with the dengue virion directly and thereby brings about DAP12 phosphorylation. The CLEC5A-DV interaction does not result in viral entry but stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Blockade of CLEC5A-DV interaction suppresses the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines without affecting the release of interferon-alpha, supporting the notion that CLEC5A acts as a signalling receptor for proinflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, anti-CLEC5A monoclonal antibodies inhibit DV-induced plasma leakage, as well as subcutaneous and vital-organ haemorrhaging, and reduce the mortality of DV infection by about 50% in STAT1-deficient mice. Our observation that blockade of CLEC5A-mediated signalling attenuates the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages infected with DV (either alone or complexed with an enhancing antibody) offers a promising strategy for alleviating tissue damage and increasing the survival of patients suffering from dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, and possibly even other virus-induced inflammatory diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Szu-Ting -- Lin, Yi-Ling -- Huang, Ming-Ting -- Wu, Ming-Fang -- Cheng, Shih-Chin -- Lei, Huan-Yao -- Lee, Chien-Kuo -- Chiou, Tzyy-Wen -- Wong, Chi-Huey -- Hsieh, Shie-Liang -- GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):672-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07013. Epub 2008 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18496526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dengue Virus/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Lectins, C-Type/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Macrophages/virology ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor/deficiency/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/secretion ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: During infection, enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) takes over the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells by injecting the EspF(U) protein into the host cytoplasm. EspF(U) controls actin by activating members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family. Here we show that EspF(U) binds to the autoinhibitory GTPase binding domain (GBD) in WASP proteins and displaces it from the activity-bearing VCA domain (for verprolin homology, central hydrophobic and acidic regions). This interaction potently activates WASP and neural (N)-WASP in vitro and induces localized actin assembly in cells. In the solution structure of the GBD-EspF(U) complex, EspF(U) forms an amphipathic helix that binds the GBD, mimicking interactions of the VCA domain in autoinhibited WASP. Thus, EspF(U) activates WASP by competing directly for the VCA binding site on the GBD. This mechanism is distinct from that used by the eukaryotic activators Cdc42 and SH2 domains, which globally destabilize the GBD fold to release the VCA. Such diversity of mechanism in WASP proteins is distinct from other multimodular systems, and may result from the intrinsically unstructured nature of the isolated GBD and VCA elements. The structural incompatibility of the GBD complexes with EspF(U) and Cdc42/SH2, plus high-affinity EspF(U) binding, enable EHEC to hijack the eukaryotic cytoskeletal machinery effectively.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719906/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719906/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Hui-Chun -- Skehan, Brian M -- Campellone, Kenneth G -- Leong, John M -- Rosen, Michael K -- R01 AI046454/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI046454-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322-12A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI46454/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):1009-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07160. Epub 2008 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: FocA is a representative member of the formate-nitrite transporter family, which transports short-chain acids in bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae and parasites. The structure and transport mechanism of the formate-nitrite transporter family remain unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of Escherichia coli FocA at 2.25 A resolution. FocA forms a symmetric pentamer, with each protomer consisting of six transmembrane segments. Despite a lack of sequence homology, the overall structure of the FocA protomer closely resembles that of aquaporin and strongly argues that FocA is a channel, rather than a transporter. Structural analysis identifies potentially important channel residues, defines the channel path and reveals two constriction sites. Unlike aquaporin, FocA is impermeable to water but allows the passage of formate. A structural and biochemical investigation provides mechanistic insights into the channel activity of FocA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Yi -- Huang, Yongjian -- Wang, Jiawei -- Cheng, Chao -- Huang, Weijiao -- Lu, Peilong -- Xu, Ya-Nan -- Wang, Pengye -- Yan, Nieng -- Shi, Yigong -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):467-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ministry of Education Protein Science Laboratory, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquaporins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Formates/metabolism ; Liposomes/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Mimicry ; Mutation ; Permeability ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Water/analysis/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Systematic annotation of gene regulatory elements is a major challenge in genome science. Direct mapping of chromatin modification marks and transcriptional factor binding sites genome-wide has successfully identified specific subtypes of regulatory elements. In Drosophila several pioneering studies have provided genome-wide identification of Polycomb response elements, chromatin states, transcription factor binding sites, RNA polymerase II regulation and insulator elements; however, comprehensive annotation of the regulatory genome remains a significant challenge. Here we describe results from the modENCODE cis-regulatory annotation project. We produced a map of the Drosophila melanogaster regulatory genome on the basis of more than 300 chromatin immunoprecipitation data sets for eight chromatin features, five histone deacetylases and thirty-eight site-specific transcription factors at different stages of development. Using these data we inferred more than 20,000 candidate regulatory elements and validated a subset of predictions for promoters, enhancers and insulators in vivo. We identified also nearly 2,000 genomic regions of dense transcription factor binding associated with chromatin activity and accessibility. We discovered hundreds of new transcription factor co-binding relationships and defined a transcription factor network with over 800 potential regulatory relationships.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179250/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179250/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Negre, Nicolas -- Brown, Christopher D -- Ma, Lijia -- Bristow, Christopher Aaron -- Miller, Steven W -- Wagner, Ulrich -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Eaton, Matthew L -- Loriaux, Paul -- Sealfon, Rachel -- Li, Zirong -- Ishii, Haruhiko -- Spokony, Rebecca F -- Chen, Jia -- Hwang, Lindsay -- Cheng, Chao -- Auburn, Richard P -- Davis, Melissa B -- Domanus, Marc -- Shah, Parantu K -- Morrison, Carolyn A -- Zieba, Jennifer -- Suchy, Sarah -- Senderowicz, Lionel -- Victorsen, Alec -- Bild, Nicholas A -- Grundstad, A Jason -- Hanley, David -- MacAlpine, David M -- Mannervik, Mattias -- Venken, Koen -- Bellen, Hugo -- White, Robert -- Gerstein, Mark -- Russell, Steven -- Grossman, Robert L -- Ren, Bing -- Posakony, James W -- Kellis, Manolis -- White, Kevin P -- F32 GM074364/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074364-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074364-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM081892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005639/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005639-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004264/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004279/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004264/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):527-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Genome, Insect/*genetics ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Insulator Elements/genetics ; *Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Silencer Elements, Transcriptional/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-03-09
    Description: Cells are organized on length scales ranging from angstrom to micrometres. However, the mechanisms by which angstrom-scale molecular properties are translated to micrometre-scale macroscopic properties are not well understood. Here we show that interactions between diverse synthetic, multivalent macromolecules (including multi-domain proteins and RNA) produce sharp liquid-liquid-demixing phase separations, generating micrometre-sized liquid droplets in aqueous solution. This macroscopic transition corresponds to a molecular transition between small complexes and large, dynamic supramolecular polymers. The concentrations needed for phase transition are directly related to the valency of the interacting species. In the case of the actin-regulatory protein called neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) interacting with its established biological partners NCK and phosphorylated nephrin, the phase transition corresponds to a sharp increase in activity towards an actin nucleation factor, the Arp2/3 complex. The transition is governed by the degree of phosphorylation of nephrin, explaining how this property of the system can be controlled to regulatory effect by kinases. The widespread occurrence of multivalent systems suggests that phase transitions may be used to spatially organize and biochemically regulate information throughout biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343696/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343696/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Pilong -- Banjade, Sudeep -- Cheng, Hui-Chun -- Kim, Soyeon -- Chen, Baoyu -- Guo, Liang -- Llaguno, Marc -- Hollingsworth, Javoris V -- King, David S -- Banani, Salman F -- Russo, Paul S -- Jiang, Qiu-Xing -- Nixon, B Tracy -- Rosen, Michael K -- P30 CA142543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM088745/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-08630/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 7;483(7389):336-40. doi: 10.1038/nature10879.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Phase Transition ; Phosphorylation ; Proline-Rich Protein Domains ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/chemistry/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-08-29
    Description: Despite the large evolutionary distances between metazoan species, they can show remarkable commonalities in their biology, and this has helped to establish fly and worm as model organisms for human biology. Although studies of individual elements and factors have explored similarities in gene regulation, a large-scale comparative analysis of basic principles of transcriptional regulatory features is lacking. Here we map the genome-wide binding locations of 165 human, 93 worm and 52 fly transcription regulatory factors, generating a total of 1,019 data sets from diverse cell types, developmental stages, or conditions in the three species, of which 498 (48.9%) are presented here for the first time. We find that structural properties of regulatory networks are remarkably conserved and that orthologous regulatory factor families recognize similar binding motifs in vivo and show some similar co-associations. Our results suggest that gene-regulatory properties previously observed for individual factors are general principles of metazoan regulation that are remarkably well-preserved despite extensive functional divergence of individual network connections. The comparative maps of regulatory circuitry provided here will drive an improved understanding of the regulatory underpinnings of model organism biology and how these relate to human biology, development and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336544/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336544/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyle, Alan P -- Araya, Carlos L -- Brdlik, Cathleen -- Cayting, Philip -- Cheng, Chao -- Cheng, Yong -- Gardner, Kathryn -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Janette, Judith -- Jiang, Lixia -- Kasper, Dionna -- Kawli, Trupti -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kundaje, Anshul -- Li, Jingyi Jessica -- Ma, Lijia -- Niu, Wei -- Rehm, E Jay -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Slattery, Matthew -- Spokony, Rebecca -- Terrell, Robert -- Vafeados, Dionne -- Wang, Daifeng -- Weisdepp, Peter -- Wu, Yi-Chieh -- Xie, Dan -- Yan, Koon-Kiu -- Feingold, Elise A -- Good, Peter J -- Pazin, Michael J -- Huang, Haiyan -- Bickel, Peter J -- Brenner, Steven E -- Reinke, Valerie -- Waterston, Robert H -- Gerstein, Mark -- White, Kevin P -- Kellis, Manolis -- Snyder, Michael -- F32GM101778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM081892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2HG005679/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004267/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004264/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004267/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006996/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG006996/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000430/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):453-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13668.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2]. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; 1] Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA [2] Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; 1] Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois 60637, USA. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. ; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25164757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/growth & development ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks/*genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Nucleotide Motifs/genetics ; Organ Specificity/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: Transcription factors bind in a combinatorial fashion to specify the on-and-off states of genes; the ensemble of these binding events forms a regulatory network, constituting the wiring diagram for a cell. To examine the principles of the human transcriptional regulatory network, we determined the genomic binding information of 119 transcription-related factors in over 450 distinct experiments. We found the combinatorial, co-association of transcription factors to be highly context specific: distinct combinations of factors bind at specific genomic locations. In particular, there are significant differences in the binding proximal and distal to genes. We organized all the transcription factor binding into a hierarchy and integrated it with other genomic information (for example, microRNA regulation), forming a dense meta-network. Factors at different levels have different properties; for instance, top-level transcription factors more strongly influence expression and middle-level ones co-regulate targets to mitigate information-flow bottlenecks. Moreover, these co-regulations give rise to many enriched network motifs (for example, noise-buffering feed-forward loops). Finally, more connected network components are under stronger selection and exhibit a greater degree of allele-specific activity (that is, differential binding to the two parental alleles). The regulatory information obtained in this study will be crucial for interpreting personal genome sequences and understanding basic principles of human biology and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154057/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154057/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerstein, Mark B -- Kundaje, Anshul -- Hariharan, Manoj -- Landt, Stephen G -- Yan, Koon-Kiu -- Cheng, Chao -- Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine -- Khurana, Ekta -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Alexander, Roger -- Min, Renqiang -- Alves, Pedro -- Abyzov, Alexej -- Addleman, Nick -- Bhardwaj, Nitin -- Boyle, Alan P -- Cayting, Philip -- Charos, Alexandra -- Chen, David Z -- Cheng, Yong -- Clarke, Declan -- Eastman, Catharine -- Euskirchen, Ghia -- Frietze, Seth -- Fu, Yao -- Gertz, Jason -- Grubert, Fabian -- Harmanci, Arif -- Jain, Preti -- Kasowski, Maya -- Lacroute, Phil -- Leng, Jing -- Lian, Jin -- Monahan, Hannah -- O'Geen, Henriette -- Ouyang, Zhengqing -- Partridge, E Christopher -- Patacsil, Dorrelyn -- Pauli, Florencia -- Raha, Debasish -- Ramirez, Lucia -- Reddy, Timothy E -- Reed, Brian -- Shi, Minyi -- Slifer, Teri -- Wang, Jing -- Wu, Linfeng -- Yang, Xinqiong -- Yip, Kevin Y -- Zilberman-Schapira, Gili -- Batzoglou, Serafim -- Sidow, Arend -- Farnham, Peggy J -- Myers, Richard M -- Weissman, Sherman M -- Snyder, Michael -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM008283-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):91-100. doi: 10.1038/nature11245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. mark.gerstein@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Line ; DNA/*genetics ; *Encyclopedias as Topic ; GATA1 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Regulatory Networks/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; *Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Organ Specificity ; Phosphorylation/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Protein Interaction Maps ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-01-13
    Description: Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ETP ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of unknown genetic basis. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 12 ETP ALL cases and assessed the frequency of the identified somatic mutations in 94 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cases. ETP ALL was characterized by activating mutations in genes regulating cytokine receptor and RAS signalling (67% of cases; NRAS, KRAS, FLT3, IL7R, JAK3, JAK1, SH2B3 and BRAF), inactivating lesions disrupting haematopoietic development (58%; GATA3, ETV6, RUNX1, IKZF1 and EP300) and histone-modifying genes (48%; EZH2, EED, SUZ12, SETD2 and EP300). We also identified new targets of recurrent mutation including DNM2, ECT2L and RELN. The mutational spectrum is similar to myeloid tumours, and moreover, the global transcriptional profile of ETP ALL was similar to that of normal and myeloid leukaemia haematopoietic stem cells. These findings suggest that addition of myeloid-directed therapies might improve the poor outcome of ETP ALL.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267575/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267575/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jinghui -- Ding, Li -- Holmfeldt, Linda -- Wu, Gang -- Heatley, Sue L -- Payne-Turner, Debbie -- Easton, John -- Chen, Xiang -- Wang, Jianmin -- Rusch, Michael -- Lu, Charles -- Chen, Shann-Ching -- Wei, Lei -- Collins-Underwood, J Racquel -- Ma, Jing -- Roberts, Kathryn G -- Pounds, Stanley B -- Ulyanov, Anatoly -- Becksfort, Jared -- Gupta, Pankaj -- Huether, Robert -- Kriwacki, Richard W -- Parker, Matthew -- McGoldrick, Daniel J -- Zhao, David -- Alford, Daniel -- Espy, Stephen -- Bobba, Kiran Chand -- Song, Guangchun -- Pei, Deqing -- Cheng, Cheng -- Roberts, Stefan -- Barbato, Michael I -- Campana, Dario -- Coustan-Smith, Elaine -- Shurtleff, Sheila A -- Raimondi, Susana C -- Kleppe, Maria -- Cools, Jan -- Shimano, Kristin A -- Hermiston, Michelle L -- Doulatov, Sergei -- Eppert, Kolja -- Laurenti, Elisa -- Notta, Faiyaz -- Dick, John E -- Basso, Giuseppe -- Hunger, Stephen P -- Loh, Mignon L -- Devidas, Meenakshi -- Wood, Brent -- Winter, Stuart -- Dunsmore, Kimberley P -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Hong, Xin -- Harris, Christopher C -- Dooling, David J -- Ochoa, Kerri -- Johnson, Kimberly J -- Obenauer, John C -- Evans, William E -- Pui, Ching-Hon -- Naeve, Clayton W -- Ley, Timothy J -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- Downing, James R -- Mullighan, Charles G -- CA114766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA98413/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA98543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765-33/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01GM92666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7380):157-63. doi: 10.1038/nature10725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Child ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Genes, ras/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Janus Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Stem Cells/metabolism/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Translocation, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-01-26
    Description: Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) has crucial roles in transcriptional regulation and microRNA processing. Mutations in the MECP2 gene are found in 90% of patients with Rett syndrome, a severe developmental disorder with autistic phenotypes. Duplications of MECP2-containing genomic segments cause the MECP2 duplication syndrome, which shares core symptoms with autism spectrum disorders. Although Mecp2-null mice recapitulate most developmental and behavioural defects seen in patients with Rett syndrome, it has been difficult to identify autism-like behaviours in the mouse model of MeCP2 overexpression. Here we report that lentivirus-based transgenic cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) expressing human MeCP2 in the brain exhibit autism-like behaviours and show germline transmission of the transgene. Expression of the MECP2 transgene was confirmed by western blotting and immunostaining of brain tissues of transgenic monkeys. Genomic integration sites of the transgenes were characterized by a deep-sequencing-based method. As compared to wild-type monkeys, MECP2 transgenic monkeys exhibited a higher frequency of repetitive circular locomotion and increased stress responses, as measured by the threat-related anxiety and defensive test. The transgenic monkeys showed less interaction with wild-type monkeys within the same group, and also a reduced interaction time when paired with other transgenic monkeys in social interaction tests. The cognitive functions of the transgenic monkeys were largely normal in the Wisconsin general test apparatus, although some showed signs of stereotypic cognitive behaviours. Notably, we succeeded in generating five F1 offspring of MECP2 transgenic monkeys by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with sperm from one F0 transgenic monkey, showing germline transmission and Mendelian segregation of several MECP2 transgenes in the F1 progeny. Moreover, F1 transgenic monkeys also showed reduced social interactions when tested in pairs, as compared to wild-type monkeys of similar age. Together, these results indicate the feasibility and reliability of using genetically engineered non-human primates to study brain disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Zhen -- Li, Xiao -- Zhang, Jun-Tao -- Cai, Yi-Jun -- Cheng, Tian-Lin -- Cheng, Cheng -- Wang, Yan -- Zhang, Chen-Chen -- Nie, Yan-Hong -- Chen, Zhi-Fang -- Bian, Wen-Jie -- Zhang, Ling -- Xiao, Jianqiu -- Lu, Bin -- Zhang, Yue-Fang -- Zhang, Xiao-Di -- Sang, Xiao -- Wu, Jia-Jia -- Xu, Xiu -- Xiong, Zhi-Qi -- Zhang, Feng -- Yu, Xiang -- Gong, Neng -- Zhou, Wen-Hao -- Sun, Qiang -- Qiu, Zilong -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 4;530(7588):98-102. doi: 10.1038/nature16533. Epub 2016 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. ; Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China. ; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26808898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Anxiety/genetics/psychology ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology/*psychology ; Brain/metabolism ; Cognition/physiology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Heredity/*genetics ; Humans ; Locomotion/genetics/physiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Social Behavior ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Transgenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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