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  • Chemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (19)
  • 1985-1989  (19)
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  • 1
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    A mammalian mitochondrial RNA processing activity contains nucleus-encoded RNA (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-06
    Description: Ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing, a site-specific endoribonuclease involved in primer RNA metabolism in mammalian mitochondria, requires an RNA component for its activity. On the basis of copurification and selective inactivation with complementary oligonucleotides, a 135-nucleotide RNA species, not encoded in the mitochondrial genome, is identified as the RNA moiety of the endoribonuclease. This finding implies transport of a nucleus-encoded RNA, essential for organelle DNA replication, to the mitochondrial matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, D D -- Clayton, D A -- GM-33088-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 6;235(4793):1178-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2434997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Drug Resistance ; Endonucleases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; *Genetic Code ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics/metabolism ; Micrococcal Nuclease/pharmacology ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotides/pharmacology ; Organoids/physiology ; RNA/*biosynthesis/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Ribonucleases/metabolism ; Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Induction of an antibody that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an amide bond (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: Catalysis of amide bond hydrolysis is of singular importance in enzymology. An antibody was induced to an analog of a high-energy intermediate anticipated along the reaction coordinate of amide hydrolysis. This antibody is an amidase with high specificity and a large rate enhancement (250,000) relative to the uncatalyzed reaction. This reaction represents the kinetically most difficult hydrolysis reaction yet catalyzed by an antibody.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janda, K D -- Schloeder, D -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1188-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amidohydrolases/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens/immunology ; *Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Hemocyanin/analogs & derivatives/immunology ; Hydrolysis ; Immunization ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Organophosphorus Compounds/immunology ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Separation of drug stereoisomers by the formation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-30
    Description: For many drugs, only racemic mixtures are available for clinical use. Because different stereoisomers of drugs often cause different physiological responses, the use of pure isomers could elicit more exact therapeutic effects. Differential complexation of a variety of drug stereoisomers by immobilized beta-cyclodextrin was investigated. Chiral recognition and racemic resolution were observed with a number of compounds from such clinically useful classes as beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, sedative hypnotics, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, diuretics, and synthetic opiates. Separation of the diastereomers of the cardioactive and antimalarial cinchona alkaloids and of two antiestrogens was demonstrated as well. Three dimensional projections of beta-cyclodextrin complexes of propanolol, which is resolved by this technique, and warfarin, which is not, are compared. These studies have improved the understanding and application of the chiral interactions of beta-cyclodextrin, and they have demonstrated a means to measure optical purity and to isolate or produce pure enantiomers of drugs. In addition, this highly specific technique could also be used in the pharmacological evaluation of enantiomeric drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, D W -- Ward, T J -- Armstrong, R D -- Beesley, T E -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 30;232(4754):1132-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3704640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cinchona Alkaloids/isolation & purification ; *Cyclodextrins ; *Dextrins ; Propranolol/isolation & purification ; *Starch ; *Stereoisomerism ; Warfarin/isolation & purification ; *beta-Cyclodextrins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The site of attachment in human rhinovirus 14 for antiviral agents that inhibit uncoating (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: WIN 51711 and WIN 52084 are structurally related, antiviral compounds that inhibit the replication of rhino (common cold) viruses and related picornaviruses. They prevent the pH-mediated uncoating of the viral RNA. The compounds consist of a 3-methylisoxazole group that inserts itself into the hydrophobic interior of the VP1 beta-barrel, a connecting seven-membered aliphatic chain, and a 4-oxazolinylphenoxy group (OP) that covers the entrance to an ion channel in the floor of the "canyon." Viral disassembly may be inhibited by preventing the collapse of the VP1 hydrophobic pocket or by blocking the flow of ions into the virus interior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, T J -- Kremer, M J -- Luo, M -- Vriend, G -- Arnold, E -- Kamer, G -- Rossmann, M G -- McKinlay, M A -- Diana, G D -- Otto, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1286-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Isoxazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Poliovirus/drug effects/metabolism ; Rhinovirus/*drug effects/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A stereospecific cyclization catalyzed by an antibody (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-28
    Description: A monoclonal antibody elicited by a transition-state analog that is representative of an intramolecular six-membered ring cyclization reaction acted as a stereospecific, enzyme-like catalyst for the appropriate substrate. Formation of a single enantiomer of a delta-lactone from the corresponding racemic delta-hydroxyester was accelerated by the antibody by about a factor of 170, which permitted isolation of the lactone in an enantiomeric excess of about 94 percent. This finding demonstrates the feasibility of catalytic-antibody generation for chemical transformations that require stereochemical control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Napper, A D -- Benkovic, S J -- Tramontano, A -- Lerner, R A -- GM 13306/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):1041-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cyclization ; *Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Chemistry of pheromone and hormone metabolism in insects (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-28
    Description: Chemical evidence is needed in both insect endocrinology and sensory physiology to understand hormone and pheromone action at the molecular level. Radiolabeled pheromones and hormones have been synthesized and used to identify binding and catabolic proteins from insect tissues. Chemically modified analogs, including photoaffinity labels and enzyme inhibitors, are among the tools used to covalently modify the specific acceptor or catalytic sites. Such targeted agents can also provide leads for the design of growth and mating disruptants by allowing manipulation of the physiologically important interactions of the chemical signals with macromolecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prestwich, G D -- GM-30899/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):999-1006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cockroaches/metabolism ; Female ; Insect Hormones/*metabolism ; Insects/metabolism ; Juvenile Hormones/metabolism ; Male ; Methoprene/metabolism ; Moths/metabolism ; Pheromones/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Bond order and charge localization in nucleoside phosphorothioates (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: In the recent literature on nucleoside phosphorothioate anions the structural formulas show a double bond between phosphorus and sulfur and a single bond between phosphorus and oxygen with a negative charge localized on oxygen. However, a review of physical data on these compounds shows the reverse to be the case; that is, in phosphorothioate anions the P-S bond is a single bond with a negative charge localized on sulfur, while the P-O bond order for exocyclic and nonbridging oxygens is greater than 1, approaching 2 in O-alkyl phosphorothioate monoanions and O,O-dialkyl phosphorothioates. The P-O bond orders in phosphorothioate dianions and trianions approach 1 1/2 and 1 1/3, respectively, owing to delocalization of negative charge among two or three oxygens. These conclusions are based on bond lengths obtained from x-ray crystallographic data and electron diffraction, the magnitudes of the effects of 18O on the 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of phosphorus in nucleoside [18O]phosphorothioates, the pH-dependence of 17O-NMR chemical shifts in [17O]phosphate and [17O]thiophosphate, the vibrational spectra of thiophosphate di- and trianions, and the pKa (dissociation constant) values for phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, P A -- Sammons, R D -- GM30480/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):541-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphoric Acids/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; *Thionucleotides/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Catalytic antibodies (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-19
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies elicited to haptens that are analogs of the transition state for hydrolysis of carboxylic esters behaved as enzymic catalysts with the appropriate substrates. These substrates are distinguished by the structural congruence of both hydrolysis products with haptenic fragments. The haptens were potent inhibitors of this esterolytic activity, in agreement with their classification as transition state analogs. Mechanisms are proposed to account for the different chemical behavior of these antibodies with two types of ester substrates. The generation of an artificial enzyme through transition state stabilization by antibodies was thus demonstrated. These studies indicate a potentially general approach to catalyst design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tramontano, A -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM35318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 19;234(4783):1566-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3787261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; *Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Esters/immunology/metabolism ; Haptens/immunology ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Aromatic cross-links in insect cuticle: detection by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-06
    Description: Cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to determine insect cuticle composition and cross-link structure during sclerotization or tanning. Unsclerotized cuticle from newly ecdysed pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L., had a high protein content with lesser amounts of lipid and chitin. Concentrations of chitin, protein, and catechol increased substantially as dehydration and sclerotization progressed. Analysis of intact cuticle specifically labeled with carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 revealed direct covalent linkages between ring nitrogens of protein histidyl residues and ring carbons derived from the catecholamine dopamine. This carbon-nitrogen adduct was present in chitin isolated from cuticle by alkaline extraction and is probably bound covalently to chitin. These data support the hypothesis that the stiffening of insect cuticle during sclerotization results primarily from the deposition of protein and chitin polymers and their crosslinking by quinonoid derivatives of catecholamines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, J -- Kramer, K J -- Garbow, J R -- Jacob, G S -- Stejskal, E O -- Hopkins, T L -- Speirs, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 6;235(4793):1200-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3823880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Isotopes ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/*metabolism ; Insects/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Skin/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Isolation and structure of a covalent cross-link adduct between mitomycin C and DNA (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-06
    Description: A DNA cross-link adduct of the antitumor agent mitomycin C (MC) to DNA has been isolated and characterized; the results provide direct proof for bifunctional alkylation of DNA by MC. Exposure of MC to Micrococcus luteus DNA under reductive conditions and subsequent nuclease digestion yielded adducts formed between MC and deoxyguanosine residues. In addition to the two known monoadducts, a bisadduct was obtained. Reductive MC activation with Na2S2O4 (sodium dithionite) leads to exclusive bifunctional alkylation. The structure of the bisadduct was determined by spectroscopic methods that included proton magnetic resonance, differential Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Formation of the same bisadduct in vivo was demonstrated upon injection of rats with MC. Computer-generated models of the bisadduct that was incorporated into the center of the duplex B-DNA decamer d(CGTACGTACG)2 indicated that the bisadduct fit snugly into the minor groove with minimal distortion of DNA structure. A mechanistic analysis of the factors that govern monofunctional and bifunctional adduct formation is presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomasz, M -- Lipman, R -- Chowdary, D -- Pawlak, J -- Verdine, G L -- Nakanishi, K -- CA 11572/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 6;235(4793):1204-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3103215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/*isolation & purification ; DNA/*metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mitomycin ; Mitomycins/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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