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  • 1
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    Class II aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases: crystal structure of yeast aspartyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with tRNA(Asp) (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: The crystal structure of the binary complex tRNA(Asp)-aspartyl tRNA synthetase from yeast was solved with the use of multiple isomorphous replacement to 3 angstrom resolution. The dimeric synthetase, a member of class II aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS's) exhibits the characteristic signature motifs conserved in eight aaRS's. These three sequence motifs are contained in the catalytic site domain, built around an antiparallel beta sheet, and flanked by three alpha helices that form the pocket in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the CCA end of tRNA bind. The tRNA(Asp) molecule approaches the synthetase from the variable loop side. The two major contact areas are with the acceptor end and the anticodon stem and loop. In both sites the protein interacts with the tRNA from the major groove side. The correlation between aaRS class II and the initial site of aminoacylation at 3'-OH can be explained by the structure. The molecular association leads to the following features: (i) the backbone of the GCCA single-stranded portion of the acceptor end exhibits a regular helical conformation; (ii) the loop between residues 320 and 342 in motif 2 interacts with the acceptor stem in the major groove and is in contact with the discriminator base G and the first base pair UA; and (iii) the anticodon loop undergoes a large conformational change in order to bind the protein. The conformation of the tRNA molecule in the complex is dictated more by the interaction with the protein than by its own sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, M -- Krishnaswamy, S -- Boeglin, M -- Poterszman, A -- Mitschler, A -- Podjarny, A -- Rees, B -- Thierry, J C -- Moras, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1682-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Cristallographie Biologique, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspartate-tRNA Ligase/classification/*ultrastructure ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography ; Fungal Proteins/*ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Fungal/ultrastructure ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA, Transfer, Asp/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Identification of carbonate-rich outcrops on Mars by the Spirit rover (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: Decades of speculation about a warmer, wetter Mars climate in the planet's first billion years postulate a denser CO2-rich atmosphere than at present. Such an atmosphere should have led to the formation of outcrops rich in carbonate minerals, for which evidence has been sparse. Using the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit, we have now identified outcrops rich in magnesium-iron carbonate (16 to 34 weight percent) in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater. Its composition approximates the average composition of the carbonate globules in martian meteorite ALH 84001. The Gusev carbonate probably precipitated from carbonate-bearing solutions under hydrothermal conditions at near-neutral pH in association with volcanic activity during the Noachian era.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, Richard V -- Ruff, Steven W -- Gellert, Ralf -- Ming, Douglas W -- Arvidson, Raymond E -- Clark, Benton C -- Golden, D C -- Siebach, Kirsten -- Klingelhofer, Gostar -- Schroder, Christian -- Fleischer, Iris -- Yen, Albert S -- Squyres, Steven W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):421-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1189667. Epub 2010 Jun 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. richard.v.morris@nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Carbonates/chemistry ; Climate ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferrous Compounds ; Magnesium ; *Mars ; Meteoroids ; Spacecraft ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Induction by EGF and interferon-gamma of tyrosine phosphorylated DNA binding proteins in mouse liver nuclei (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-24
    Description: Intraperitoneal injection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) into mice resulted in the appearance in liver nuclei of three tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (84, 91, and 92 kilodaltons) within minutes after administration of EGF. Administration of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in the appearance in liver nuclei of two tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (84 and 91 kilodaltons). The 84- and 91-kilodalton proteins detected after either EGF or IFN-gamma administration were identified as the IFN-gamma activation factors (GAF). Furthermore, gel shift analysis revealed that these GAF proteins, detected after either EGF or IFN-gamma administration, specifically bound to the sis-inducible element of the c-fos promoter. Thus, GAF proteins participate in nuclear signaling in both IFN-gamma and EGF pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff-Jamison, S -- Chen, K -- Cohen, S -- HD-00700/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Genes, fos ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ancient impact and aqueous processes at Endeavour Crater, Mars (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: The rover Opportunity has investigated the rim of Endeavour Crater, a large ancient impact crater on Mars. Basaltic breccias produced by the impact form the rim deposits, with stratigraphy similar to that observed at similar-sized craters on Earth. Highly localized zinc enrichments in some breccia materials suggest hydrothermal alteration of rim deposits. Gypsum-rich veins cut sedimentary rocks adjacent to the crater rim. The gypsum was precipitated from low-temperature aqueous fluids flowing upward from the ancient materials of the rim, leading temporarily to potentially habitable conditions and providing some of the waters involved in formation of the ubiquitous sulfate-rich sandstones of the Meridiani region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squyres, S W -- Arvidson, R E -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Calef, F 3rd -- Clark, B C -- Cohen, B A -- Crumpler, L A -- de Souza, P A Jr -- Farrand, W H -- Gellert, R -- Grant, J -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Hurowitz, J A -- Johnson, J R -- Jolliff, B L -- Knoll, A H -- Li, R -- McLennan, S M -- Ming, D W -- Mittlefehldt, D W -- Parker, T J -- Paulsen, G -- Rice, M S -- Ruff, S W -- Schroder, C -- Yen, A S -- Zacny, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):570-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1220476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. squyres@astro.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium Sulfate ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geological Phenomena ; *Mars ; Meteoroids ; Silicates ; Spacecraft ; *Water ; Zinc
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Changing social norm compliance with noninvasive brain stimulation (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: All known human societies have maintained social order by enforcing compliance with social norms. The biological mechanisms underlying norm compliance are, however, hardly understood. We show that the right lateral prefrontal cortex (rLPFC) is involved in both voluntary and sanction-induced norm compliance. Both types of compliance could be changed by varying the neural excitability of this brain region with transcranial direct current stimulation, but they were affected in opposite ways, suggesting that the stimulated region plays a fundamentally different role in voluntary and sanction-based compliance. Brain stimulation had a particularly strong effect on compliance in the context of socially constituted sanctions, whereas it left beliefs about what the norm prescribes and about subjectively expected sanctions unaffected. Our findings suggest that rLPFC activity is a key biological prerequisite for an evolutionarily and socially important aspect of human behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C C -- Ugazio, G -- Fehr, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):482-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241399. Epub 2013 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24091703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Deep Brain Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Social Change ; *Social Responsibility ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Ancient aqueous environments at Endeavour crater, Mars (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Opportunity has investigated in detail rocks on the rim of the Noachian age Endeavour crater, where orbital spectral reflectance signatures indicate the presence of Fe(+3)-rich smectites. The signatures are associated with fine-grained, layered rocks containing spherules of diagenetic or impact origin. The layered rocks are overlain by breccias, and both units are cut by calcium sulfate veins precipitated from fluids that circulated after the Endeavour impact. Compositional data for fractures in the layered rocks suggest formation of Al-rich smectites by aqueous leaching. Evidence is thus preserved for water-rock interactions before and after the impact, with aqueous environments of slightly acidic to circum-neutral pH that would have been more favorable for prebiotic chemistry and microorganisms than those recorded by younger sulfate-rich rocks at Meridiani Planum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arvidson, R E -- Squyres, S W -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Catalano, J G -- Clark, B C -- Crumpler, L S -- de Souza, P A Jr -- Fairen, A G -- Farrand, W H -- Fox, V K -- Gellert, R -- Ghosh, A -- Golombek, M P -- Grotzinger, J P -- Guinness, E A -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Jolliff, B L -- Knoll, A H -- Li, R -- McLennan, S M -- Ming, D W -- Mittlefehldt, D W -- Moore, J M -- Morris, R V -- Murchie, S L -- Parker, T J -- Paulsen, G -- Rice, J W -- Ruff, S W -- Smith, M D -- Wolff, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1248097. doi: 10.1126/science.1248097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Mars ; Silicates/analysis/chemistry ; Spacecraft ; Sulfates/chemistry ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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