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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Influence of soil on detection of buried explosives and tunnels by trace gas analysis (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-292-288
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Adsorption of volatile chemicals by soil. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results and discussion. - Diffusion of volatile chemicals in soil. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Calculations. - Results and discussion. - Prediction of vapor diffusion in soil. - Introduction. - Construction of model. - Computations. - Results and discussion. - A statistical method for analysis of diffusion through soil. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Detection of mines, explosives, and tunnels may be accomplished by sensing associated volatile effluvia. This investigation was undertaken to provide a basis for predicting the diffusion of volatile compounds from underground sources into the atmosphere. Diffusion of a volatile compound was studied for a range of soil conditions utilizing soils from the mine detection sites in Puerto Rico. A new mathematical analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was developed for predicting vapor diffusion through soil into the atmosphere. It was determined that diffusion in soil can be reliably predicted if soil porosity, moisture content, and affinity for the compound are known. Appearance in the atmosphere is also dependent on accumulation of the compound in air at the soil/atmosphere interface. Diffusion of volatile compounds through soil into the atmosphere is not likely to be an important factor in tunnel detection due to depth of overburden. However, adsorption of compounds at tunnel walls is likely to significantly reduce the amount of vapor appearing in the atmosphere through entrances and vents. Detection in the atmosphere of TNT vapor from mines and explosives buried in moist, porous soil should be possible under ideal sample collection conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 288
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227635497
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Relationship between the ice and unfrozen water phases in frozen soil as determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance and physical desorption data (1982)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-82/15
    In: CRREL Report, 82-15
    Description / Table of Contents: An experiment is described that demonstrates the balance between the ice and the unfrozen water in a frozen soil as water is removed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to monitor the unfrozen water content as the soil is dehydrated by a molecular sieve material. Our results show that the unfrozen water content of a Morin clay soil remains constant until the total water content has been reduced to the point where no ice remains in the system. Once the ice is depleted, the unfrozen water content determined by NMR corresponds to the total water content of the soil determined by the weight of water removed by the molecular sieve material. Thus the validity of utilizing NMR in determining unfrozen water contents vs temperature is established.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9357
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
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    Resonant coherent excitation of the lithiumlike uranium ion: A scheme for heavy-ion spectroscopy (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Author(s): Y. Nakano, Y. Takano, T. Ikeda, Y. Kanai, S. Suda, T. Azuma, H. Bräuning, A. Bräuning-Demian, D. Dauvergne, Th. Stöhlker, and Y. Yamazaki We report our observation of the resonant fluorescence from highly charged uranium ions. Using the resonant coherent excitation (RCE) technique, the 2 s -2 p 3/2 transition in 191.68 MeV/u Li-like U 89+ ions was excited at 4.5 keV with a resonance width of 4.4 eV. The result demonstrated that the RCE can... [Phys. Rev. A 87, 060501] Published Fri Jun 07, 2013
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Memristive phase switching in two-dimensional 1T-TaS2 crystals (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-04
    Description: Scaling down materials to an atomic-layer level produces rich physical and chemical properties as exemplified in various two-dimensional (2D) crystals including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus. This is caused by the dramatic modification of electronic band structures. In such reduced dimensions, the electron correlation effects are also expected to be significantly changed from bulk systems. However, there are few attempts to realize novel phenomena in correlated 2D crystals. We report memristive phase switching in nano-thick crystals of 1T-type tantalum disulfide (1T-TaS 2 ), a first-order phase transition system. The ordering kinetics of the phase transition were found to become extremely slow as the thickness is reduced, resulting in an emergence of metastable states. Furthermore, we realized unprecedented memristive switching to multistep nonvolatile states by applying an in-plane electric field. The reduction of thickness is essential to achieve such nonvolatile electrical switching behavior. The thinning-induced slow kinetics possibly make the various metastable states robust and consequently realize the nonvolatile memory operation. The present result indicates that a 2D crystal with correlated electrons is a novel nano-system to explore and functionalize multiple metastable states that are inaccessible in its bulk form.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Selective production of the doubly excited 2p^{2} (^{1}D) state in He-like Ar^{16+} ions by resonant coherent excitation (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-05
    Description: Author(s): Y. Nakano, S. Suda, A. Hatakeyama, Y. Nakai, K. Komaki, E. Takada, T. Murakami, and T. Azuma Selective production of the doubly excited state in 464 MeV/u He-like Ar 16+ ions was accomplished using three-dimensional resonant coherent excitation in a thin foil of silicon crystal. Through a coherent interaction with the periodic crystal field, the Ar 16+ ions were resonantly excited sequentiall... [Phys. Rev. A 85, 020701] Published Fri Feb 03, 2012
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
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    Study on in situ calibration for neutron flux monitor in the Large Helical Device based on Monte Carlo calculationsa) (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-07
    Description: Neutron monitoring is important to manage safety of fusion experiment facilities because neutrons are generated in fusion reactions. Monte Carlo simulations play an important role in evaluating the influence of neutron scattering from various structures and correcting differences between deuterium plasma experiments and in situ calibration experiments. We evaluated these influences based on differences between the both experiments at Large Helical Device using Monte Carlo simulation code MCNP5. A difference between the both experiments in absolute detection efficiency of the fission chamber between O-ports is estimated to be the biggest of all monitors. We additionally evaluated correction coefficients for some neutron monitors.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Wide dynamic range neutron flux monitor having fast time response for the Large Helical Devicea) (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-05
    Description: A fast time response, wide dynamic range neutron flux monitor has been developed toward the LHD deuterium operation by using leading-edge signal processing technologies providing maximum counting rate up to ∼5 × 10 9 counts/s. Because a maximum total neutron emission rate over 1 × 10 16 n/s is predicted in neutral beam-heated LHD plasmas, fast response and wide dynamic range capabilities of the system are essential. Preliminary tests have demonstrated successful performance as a wide dynamic range monitor along the design.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Changes in temperature preferences and energy homeostasis in dystroglycan mutants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Temperature affects the physiology, behavior, and evolution of organisms. We conducted mutagenesis and screens for mutants with altered temperature preference in Drosophila melanogaster and identified a cryophilic (cold-seeking) mutant, named atsugari (atu). Reduced expression of the Drosophila ortholog of dystroglycan (DmDG) induced tolerance to cold as well as preference for the low temperature. A sustained increase in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism caused by the reduced expression of DmDG accounted for the cryophilic phenotype of the atu mutant. Although most ectothermic animals do not use metabolically produced heat to regulate body temperature, our results indicate that their thermoregulatory behavior is closely linked to rates of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that a mutation in a single gene can induce a sustained change in energy homeostasis and the thermal responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeuchi, Ken-Ichi -- Nakano, Yoshiro -- Kato, Utako -- Kaneda, Mizuho -- Aizu, Masako -- Awano, Wakae -- Yonemura, Shigenobu -- Kiyonaka, Shigeki -- Mori, Yasuo -- Yamamoto, Daisuke -- Umeda, Masato -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1740-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1165712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cold Temperature ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Dystroglycans/genetics/*physiology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phenotype ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/metabolism ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Contribution of NAC transcription factors to plant adaptation to land (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: The development of cells specialized for water conduction or support is a striking innovation of plants that has enabled them to colonize land. The NAC transcription factors regulate the differentiation of these cells in vascular plants. However, the path by which plants with these cells have evolved from their nonvascular ancestors is unclear. We investigated genes of the moss Physcomitrella patens that encode NAC proteins. Loss-of-function mutants formed abnormal water-conducting and supporting cells, as well as malformed sporophyte cells, and overexpression induced ectopic differentiation of water-conducting-like cells. Our results show conservation of transcriptional regulation and cellular function between moss and Arabidopsis thaliana water-conducting cells. The conserved genetic basis suggests roles for NAC proteins in the adaptation of plants to land.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Bo -- Ohtani, Misato -- Yamaguchi, Masatoshi -- Toyooka, Kiminori -- Wakazaki, Mayumi -- Sato, Mayuko -- Kubo, Minoru -- Nakano, Yoshimi -- Sano, Ryosuke -- Hiwatashi, Yuji -- Murata, Takashi -- Kurata, Tetsuya -- Yoneda, Arata -- Kato, Ko -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Demura, Taku -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1505-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1248417. Epub 2014 Mar 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24652936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology ; Bryopsida/genetics/*physiology ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetic Loci ; Genome, Plant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Plant Stems/growth & development ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Water/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Mapping molecular motions leading to charge delocalization with ultrabright electrons (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Ultrafast processes can now be studied with the combined atomic spatial resolution of diffraction methods and the temporal resolution of femtosecond optical spectroscopy by using femtosecond pulses of electrons or hard X-rays as structural probes. However, it is challenging to apply these methods to organic materials, which have weak scattering centres, thermal lability, and poor heat conduction. These characteristics mean that the source needs to be extremely bright to enable us to obtain high-quality diffraction data before cumulative heating effects from the laser excitation either degrade the sample or mask the structural dynamics. Here we show that a recently developed, ultrabright femtosecond electron source makes it possible to monitor the molecular motions in the organic salt (EDO-TTF)2PF6 as it undergoes its photo-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition. After the ultrafast laser excitation, we record time-delayed diffraction patterns that allow us to identify hundreds of Bragg reflections with which to map the structural evolution of the system. The data and supporting model calculations indicate the formation of a transient intermediate structure in the early stage of charge delocalization (less than five picoseconds), and reveal that the molecular motions driving its formation are distinct from those that, assisted by thermal relaxation, convert the system into a metallic state on the hundred-picosecond timescale. These findings establish the potential of ultrabright femtosecond electron sources for probing the primary processes governing structural dynamics with atomic resolution in labile systems relevant to chemistry and biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Meng -- Lu, Cheng -- Jean-Ruel, Hubert -- Liu, Lai Chung -- Marx, Alexander -- Onda, Ken -- Koshihara, Shin-Ya -- Nakano, Yoshiaki -- Shao, Xiangfeng -- Hiramatsu, Takaaki -- Saito, Gunzi -- Yamochi, Hideki -- Cooney, Ryan R -- Moriena, Gustavo -- Sciaini, German -- Miller, R J Dwayne -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 18;496(7445):343-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12044.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23598343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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