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  • 1
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    The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE): An Overview (2005)
    In:  EPIC3Annals of Glaciology, 41, pp. 180-185, ISSN: 0260-3055
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: From its original formulation in 1990 the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) has had as its primary aim the collection and interpretation of a continent-wide array of environmental parameters assembled through the coordinated efforts of scientists from several nations. ITASE offers the ground-based opportunities of traditional style traverse travel coupled with the modern technology of GPS, crevasse detecting radar, satellite communications and multi-disciplinary research. By operating predominantly in the mode of an oversnow traverse ITASE offers scientists the opportunity to experience the dynamic range of the Antarctic environment. ITASE also offers an important interactive venue for research similar to that afforded by oceanographic research vessels and large polar field camps, without the cost of the former or the lack of mobility of the latter. More importantly, the combination of disciplines represented by ITASE provides a unique, multi-dimensional (x, y, z and time) view of the ice sheet and its history. ITASE has now completed 〉20,000 km of snow radar, recovered more than 240 firn/ice cores (total depth 7000m), remotely penetrated to ~4000 m into the ice sheet, and sampled the atmosphere to heights of 〉20 km.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica (2013)
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, 7, pp. 375-393
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-17
    Description: We present Bedmap2, a new suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60� S. We derived these products using data from a variety of sources, including many substantial surveys completed since the original Bedmap compilation (Bedmap1) in 2001. In particular, the Bedmap2 ice thickness grid is made from 25 million measurements, over two orders of magnitude more than were used in Bedmap1. In most parts of Antarctica the subglacial landscape is visible in much greater detail than was previously available and the improved datacoverage has in many areas revealed the full scale of mountain ranges, valleys, basins and troughs, only fragments of which were previously indicated in local surveys. The derived statistics for Bedmap2 show that the volume of ice contained in the Antarctic ice sheet (27 million km3) and its potential contribution to sea-level rise (58 m) are similar to those of Bedmap1, but the mean thickness of the ice sheet is 4.6% greater, the mean depth of the bed beneath the grounded ice sheet is 72m lower and the area of ice sheet grounded on bed below sea level is increased by 10 %. The Bedmap2 compilation highlights several areas beneath the ice sheet where the bed elevation is substantially lower than the deepest bed indicated by Bedmap1. These products, along with grids of data coverage and uncertainty, provide new opportunities for detailed modelling of the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica (2013)
    Copernicus Gesellschaft GMBH
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: We present Bedmap2, a new suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 S. We derived these products using data from a variety of sources, including many substantial surveys completed since the original Bedmap compilation (Bedmap1) in 2001. In particular, the Bedmap2 ice thickness grid is made from 25 million measurements, over two orders of magnitude more than were used in Bedmap1. In most parts of Antarctica the subglacial landscape is visible in much greater detail than was previously available and the improved datacoverage has in many areas revealed the full scale of mountain ranges, valleys, basins and troughs, only fragments of which were previously indicated in local surveys. The derived statistics for Bedmap2 show that the volume of ice contained in the Antarctic ice sheet (27 million km3) and its potential contribution to sea-level rise (58 m) are similar to those of Bedmap1, but the mean thickness of the ice sheet is 4.6% greater, the mean depth of the bed beneath the grounded ice sheet is 72m lower and the area of ice sheet grounded on bed below sea level is increased by 10 %. The Bedmap2 compilation highlights several areas beneath the ice sheet where the bed elevation is substantially lower than the deepest bed indicated by Bedmap1. These products, along with grids of data coverage and uncertainty, provide new opportunities for detailed modelling of the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets.
    Description: Published
    Description: 375–393
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Antarctic bedrock topography ; Antarctic mass balance ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.04. Ice ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.05. Ice dynamics ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.06. Mass balance
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature measurements of a neon Z-pinch plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2260-2267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A neon Z-pinch plasma, appropriate for sodium/neon photopumping experiments, is studied in detail using temporally, spatially, and spectrally resolved measurements of Ne VII, Ne VIII, and Ne IX emissions. The neon is imploded with a 1 μs rise time, 150–180 kA peak current pulse. Two successive implosions are identified. The first implosion produces a 1-mm-diam plasma with an electron density of 9×1019 cm−3 and a temperature of 200 eV. The second implosion produces a larger diameter (3.5 mm), less dense (7×1018 cm−3) plasma with a temperature of 100 eV. A 70% Ne IX ground-state population at the second implosion is deduced from the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Vapor Pressure of Cadmium and Zinc Chlorides (1958)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 62 (1958), S. 1594-1595 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150570a033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density measurements of a neon Z-pinch plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3163-3168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The absolute intensity of near-ultraviolet emission from a neon Z-pinch plasma is measured with a time-gated, two-dimensional optical multichannel analyzer (OMA). The OMA provides spatial and spectral resolution with a 100 ns gate duration. Spatially resolved continuum emission, Ne viii line emission, and Ne viii line-profile measurements are used to determine the pinch diameter, the density of the neon plasma, and the Ne viii 3p level population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352986
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral atom temperature and flow measurements in the edge region of the Alcator C-mod tokamak (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1253-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral line shifts have been observed in the Dα transition of neutral deuterium in the Alcator C-mod [I. H. Hutchinson, Proceedings of the IEEE 13th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (IEEE, Piscataway, 1990), Vol. 1, p. 13] tokamak and interpreted as Doppler shifts due to a neutral flow of approximately 5×103 m/s. The emission originates from plasma at the inner wall, as indicated by the Zeeman patterns of the transition. The direction of the flow changes when the plasma transitions from a limited to a diverted configuration. In all cases, the flows are directed toward the point of contact with the wall or divertor plate. Narrow spectral profiles have been observed for the Dα transition near the midplane and within the divertor. Temperatures not higher than 0.86 eV are indicated for the divertor measurements. A difference in plasma conditions for separate locations along a single line of sight has been observed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1355025
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High confinement dissipative divertor operation on Alcator C-Mod : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1899-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] has operated a High-confinement-mode (H-mode) plasma together with a dissipative divertor and low core Zeff. The initially attached plasma is characterized by steady-state enhancement factor, HITER89P [P. N. Yushmanov et al., Nucl. Fusion 30, 1999 (1990)], of 1.9, central Zeff of 1.1, and a radiative fraction of ∼50%. Feedback control of a nitrogen gas puff is used to increase radiative losses in both the core/edge and divertor plasmas in almost equal amounts. Simultaneously, the core plasma maintains HITER89P of 1.6 and Zeff of 1.4 in this nearly 100% radiative state. The power and particle flux to the divertor plates have been reduced to very low levels while the core plasma is relatively unchanged by the dissipative nature of the divertor. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873447
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density measurements in the edge, divertor and X-point regions of Alcator C-Mod from Balmer series emission (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4246-4251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron density in the edge, divertor and X-point regions of Alcator C-Mod [Proceedings of the IEEE 13th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, 1990), Vol. 1, p. 13] has been measured using the Stark broadening of high-n (n=8 through 11) transitions of the Balmer series of deuterium. These measurements have been made during typical single null, diverted operation and during gas-puffing through capillaries located within the first wall and divertor. Electron densities up to 1.6×1021 m−3 have been measured in the X-point region and slightly lower densities (5−7×1020 m−3) have been measured in the divertor and edge regions. These results are factors of 2 to 5 larger than the density measurements from the CO2 laser interferometer system in the main chamber (3×1020 m−3) and comparable with probe measurements in the divertor. The ratios of the widths of adjacent lines within the Balmer series have been compared with ratios calculated for the Stark broadening of these lines. These transitions can be used to measure electron densities from 3×1019 to 2×1021 m−3 with a modest resolution spectrograph [(Δλinst=1 A(ring) full width at half maximum)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871049
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of detached and radiative divertor operation in Alcator C-Mod (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1908-1915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The divertor of the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] routinely radiates a large fraction of the power entering the scrape-off layer. This dissipative divertor operation occurs whether the divertor is detached or not, and large volumetric radiative emissivities, up to 60 MW m−3 in ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heated discharges, have been measured using bolometer arrays. An analysis of both Ohmic and ICRF-heated discharges has demonstrated some of the relative merits of detached divertor operation versus high-recycling divertor operation. An advantage of detached divertor operation is that the power flux to the divertor plates is decreased even further than its already low value. Some disadvantages are that volumetric losses outside the separatrix in the divertor region are decreased, the neutral compression ratio is decreased, and the penetration efficiency of impurities increases. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871986
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