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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature measurements of a neon Z-pinch plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2260-2267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A neon Z-pinch plasma, appropriate for sodium/neon photopumping experiments, is studied in detail using temporally, spatially, and spectrally resolved measurements of Ne VII, Ne VIII, and Ne IX emissions. The neon is imploded with a 1 μs rise time, 150–180 kA peak current pulse. Two successive implosions are identified. The first implosion produces a 1-mm-diam plasma with an electron density of 9×1019 cm−3 and a temperature of 200 eV. The second implosion produces a larger diameter (3.5 mm), less dense (7×1018 cm−3) plasma with a temperature of 100 eV. A 70% Ne IX ground-state population at the second implosion is deduced from the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354709
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    K-shell x-ray yield scaling for aluminum x-pinch plasmas (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8134-8138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report results from experiments performed to measure and characterize the intense K-shell radiation from aluminum x-pinch plasmas at peak driving currents ranging from 280 kA to 1.0 MA. Single pulse aluminum K-shell (predominantly line radiation at 1.6–2 keV) x-ray yields ranged from 7.6 J at 290 kA to 240 J at 1.0 MA. In the range from 280 to 470 kA, the yield scales with current to the power of 3.6, whereas nonoptimized K-shell yields at 800 kA and 1.0 MA indicate a power of about 3 or higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353452
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implosions of NaF plasmas for photopumping a Na-Ne x-ray laser (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7520-7527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Intense heliumlike sodium 11-A(ring) line radiation is required to resonantly photopump a neon plasma in the Na-Ne soft x-ray laser scheme. The implosion of a NaF capillary-discharge plasma with a 3-MA peak current is used to produce a power exceeding 100 GW in this Heα line. The power is optimized by varying both the initial radius of the 3-cm-long NaF plasma column and the time delay between the capillary current and the generator current. Maximum power of 115 GW is obtained for implosions which occur just after peak current. Burn-through of the heliumlike sodium stage is evident in spectroscopic measurements where sodium Lyα line emission is 2–4 times stronger than Heα emission. Mass loadings of 200–400 μg/cm are inferred from measured implosion times and initial plasma diameters. The nearly pure density dependence of the Heα power and the nearly pure temperature dependence of the Lyα/Heα ratio allow the state of the plasma to be determined by measuring both quantities on a single shot. For these implosions, electron temperatures are 350–560 eV and total ion densities approach 1020 cm−3. The mass load inferred from implosion dynamics is consistent with the ion density deduced from spectral measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347569
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density measurements of a neon Z-pinch plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3163-3168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The absolute intensity of near-ultraviolet emission from a neon Z-pinch plasma is measured with a time-gated, two-dimensional optical multichannel analyzer (OMA). The OMA provides spatial and spectral resolution with a 100 ns gate duration. Spatially resolved continuum emission, Ne viii line emission, and Ne viii line-profile measurements are used to determine the pinch diameter, the density of the neon plasma, and the Ne viii 3p level population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352986
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of a rod-pinch diode (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4618-4636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The rod-pinch diode consists of an annular cathode and a small-diameter anode rod that extends through the hole in the cathode. With high-atomic-number material at the tip of the anode rod, the diode provides a small-area, high-yield x-ray source for pulsed radiography. The diode is operated in positive polarity at peak voltages of 1 to 2 MV with peak total electrical currents of 30–70 kA. Anode rod diameters as small as 0.5 mm are used. When electrode plasma motion is properly included, analysis shows that the diode impedance is determined by space-charge-limited current scaling at low voltage and self-magnetically limited critical current scaling at high voltage. As the current approaches the critical current, the electron beam pinches. When anode plasma forms and ions are produced, a strong pinch occurs at the tip of the rod with current densities exceeding 106 A/cm2. Under these conditions, pinch propagation speeds as high as 0.8 cm/ns are observed along a rod extending well beyond the cathode. Even faster pinch propagation is observed when the rod is replaced with a hollow tube whose wall thickness is much less than an electron range, although the propagation mechanism may be different. The diode displays well-behaved electrical characteristics for aspect ratios of cathode to anode radii that are less than 16. New physics understanding and important properties of the rod-pinch diode are described, and a theoretical diode current model is developed and shown to agree with the experimental results. Results from numerical simulations are consistent with this understanding and support the important role that ions play. In particular, it is shown that, as the ratio of the cathode radius to the anode radius increases, both the Langmuir–Blodgett space-charge-limited current and the magnetically limited critical current increase above previously predicted values. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1403016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-pinched transport of an intense proton beam (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 346-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion beam self-pinched transport (SPT) experiments have been carried out using a 1.1-MeV, 100-kA proton beam. A Rutherford scattering diagnostic and a LiF nuclear activation diagnostic measured the number of protons within a 5 cm radius at 50 cm into the transport region that was filled with low-pressure helium. Time-integrated signals from both diagnostics indicate self-pinching of the ion beam in a helium pressure window between 35 and 80 mTorr. Signals from these two diagnostics are consistent with ballistic transport at pressures above and below this SPT pressure window. Interferometric measurements of electron densities during beam injection into vacuum are consistent with ballistic transport with co-moving electrons. Interferometric measurements for beam injection into helium show that the electron density increases quadratically with pressure through the SPT window and roughly linearly with pressure above the SPT window. The ionization fraction of the helium plateaus at about 1.5% for pressures above 80 mTorr. In the SPT window, the electron density is 3 to 20 times the beam density. Numerical simulations of these beam transport experiments produce results that are in qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873803
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of intense MeV light-ion beams with low-pressure gasesf| (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1700-1707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of intense proton beams with low-pressure (0.25 to 4 Torr) background gases is studied to evaluate beam-current neutralization during transport. Electrons to neutralize the beam are provided by beam-induced ionization of the gas. In experiments with 1 MeV, 1 kA/cm2 protons, net currents outside the beam envelope and electron densities within the beam envelope are measured for helium, neon, argon, and air. Net-current fractions are 2% to 8% and ionization fractions are 0.6% to 5% for 5 to 7 kA beams. Simulations of the experiments for helium and argon suggest that fast electrons play an important role in generating a significant fraction of the return current in a halo outside the beam. As a result, net currents inside the beam may be larger than inferred from magnetic-field measurements outside the beam. Ions at the head of the beam are observed to lose more energy than expected from collisional energy losses in the background gas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870673
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-fluence large-area MeV proton-beam diagnostics : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3122-3124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The spatial distribution of intense MeV pulsed proton beams over 100 cm2 area is measured with two techniques. An array of carbon-activation samples gives fluences of 100–400 J/cm2 with 1–2 cm resolution. Continuous distributions with 3–4 mm resolution are obtained by imaging proton-induced Al K-line x rays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141701
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron production in low pressure gas ionized by an intense proton beam (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 582-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron density measurements from previous ion-beam-induced gas ionization experiments [F. C. Young et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1700 (1994)] are re-analyzed and compared with a recent theoretical model [B. V. Oliver et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 3267 (1996)]. Ionization is produced by a 1 MeV, 3.5 kA, 55 ns pulse-duration, proton beam, injected into He, Ne, or Ar gas in the 1 Torr pressure regime. Theoretical and numerical analysis indicates that, after an initial electron population is produced by ion beam impact, ionization is dominated by the background plasma electrons and is proportional to the beam stopping power. The predicted electron density agrees with the measured electron densities within the factor of 2 uncertainty in the measurement. However, in the case of Ar, the theoretically predicted electron densities are systematically greater than the measured values. The assumptions of a Maxwellian distribution for the background electrons and neglect of beam energy loss to discrete excitation and inner shell ionization in the model equations are considered as explanations for the discrepancy. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of a rod-pinch diode" [Phys. Plasmas 8, 4618 (2001)] (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 3643-3643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1493795
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