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  • 1
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    One-pot nanofibrillation of cellulose and nanocomposite production in a twin-screw extruder (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: Oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) is rich in cellulose and suitable to be used as raw material for the production of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and biocomposite. Recently, there have been reports on the use of CNF as filler in polypropylene (PP) for improving the mechanical properties of PP, however the process requires two steps: (i) nanofibrillation for CNF production and (ii) biocomposite compounding. In this study, a one-pot process was developed whereby nanofibrillation of cellulose and subsequently melt-blending of the CNF with PP were conducted at once, in a twin-screw extruder. Morphological analysis of the biocomposites by SEM showed that the cellulose was successfully fibrillated into CNF and compounded homogeneously with PP. The highest tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus recorded were 34.9 ± 0.5 MPa, 12.1 ± 0.1 GPa, 59.3 ± 1.3 MPa, and 2.3 ± 0.05 GPa, respectively when 3 % CNF was used in the biocomposite. The reinforcement of CNF-O...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Plasticity of animal genome architecture unmasked by rapid evolution of a pelagic tunicate (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: Genomes of animals as different as sponges and humans show conservation of global architecture. Here we show that multiple genomic features including transposon diversity, developmental gene repertoire, physical gene order, and intron-exon organization are shattered in the tunicate Oikopleura, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates and retaining chordate morphology. Ancestral architecture of animal genomes can be deeply modified and may therefore be largely nonadaptive. This rapidly evolving animal lineage thus offers unique perspectives on the level of genome plasticity. It also illuminates issues as fundamental as the mechanisms of intron gain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760481/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760481/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denoeud, France -- Henriet, Simon -- Mungpakdee, Sutada -- Aury, Jean-Marc -- Da Silva, Corinne -- Brinkmann, Henner -- Mikhaleva, Jana -- Olsen, Lisbeth Charlotte -- Jubin, Claire -- Canestro, Cristian -- Bouquet, Jean-Marie -- Danks, Gemma -- Poulain, Julie -- Campsteijn, Coen -- Adamski, Marcin -- Cross, Ismael -- Yadetie, Fekadu -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Louis, Alexandra -- Butcher, Stephen -- Tsagkogeorga, Georgia -- Konrad, Anke -- Singh, Sarabdeep -- Jensen, Marit Flo -- Huynh Cong, Evelyne -- Eikeseth-Otteraa, Helen -- Noel, Benjamin -- Anthouard, Veronique -- Porcel, Betina M -- Kachouri-Lafond, Rym -- Nishino, Atsuo -- Ugolini, Matteo -- Chourrout, Pascal -- Nishida, Hiroki -- Aasland, Rein -- Huzurbazar, Snehalata -- Westhof, Eric -- Delsuc, Frederic -- Lehrach, Hans -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Roy, Scott W -- Artiguenave, Francois -- Postlethwait, John H -- Manak, J Robert -- Thompson, Eric M -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Du Pasquier, Louis -- Boudinot, Pierre -- Liberles, David A -- Volff, Jean-Nicolas -- Philippe, Herve -- Lenhard, Boris -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Wincker, Patrick -- Chourrout, Daniel -- Z01 LM000073-12/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1381-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194167. Epub 2010 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Genomique, Genoscope, Evry, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Intergenic ; Exons ; Gene Order ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genome ; Introns ; Invertebrates/classification/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Spliceosomes/metabolism ; Synteny ; Urochordata/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/immunology ; Vertebrates/classification/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: Antisense transcription (transcription from the opposite strand to a protein-coding or sense strand) has been ascribed roles in gene regulation involving degradation of the corresponding sense transcripts (RNA interference), as well as gene silencing at the chromatin level. Global transcriptome analysis provides evidence that a large proportion of the genome can produce transcripts from both strands, and that antisense transcripts commonly link neighboring "genes" in complex loci into chains of linked transcriptional units. Expression profiling reveals frequent concordant regulation of sense/antisense pairs. We present experimental evidence that perturbation of an antisense RNA can alter the expression of sense messenger RNAs, suggesting that antisense transcription contributes to control of transcriptional outputs in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Katayama, S -- Tomaru, Y -- Kasukawa, T -- Waki, K -- Nakanishi, M -- Nakamura, M -- Nishida, H -- Yap, C C -- Suzuki, M -- Kawai, J -- Suzuki, H -- Carninci, P -- Hayashizaki, Y -- Wells, C -- Frith, M -- Ravasi, T -- Pang, K C -- Hallinan, J -- Mattick, J -- Hume, D A -- Lipovich, L -- Batalov, S -- Engstrom, P G -- Mizuno, Y -- Faghihi, M A -- Sandelin, A -- Chalk, A M -- Mottagui-Tabar, S -- Liang, Z -- Lenhard, B -- Wahlestedt, C -- RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group -- Genome Science Group (Genome Network Project Core Group) -- FANTOM Consortium -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1564-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Centre (GSC), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Mice/*genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Antisense/*biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Parallel Mitogenome Sequencing Alleviates Random Rooting Effect in Phylogeography (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-01
    Description: Reliably rooted phylogenetic trees play irreplaceable roles in clarifying diversification in the patterns of species and populations. However, such trees are often unavailable in phylogeographic studies, particularly when the focus is on rapidly expanded populations that exhibit star-like trees. A fundamental bottleneck is known as the random rooting effect, where a distant outgroup tends to root an unrooted tree "randomly." We investigated whether parallel mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequencing alleviates this effect in phylogeography using a case study on the Sea of Japan lineage of the intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis . Eighty-three C. annularis individuals were collected and their mitogenomes were determined by high-throughput and low-cost parallel sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of these mitogenome sequences was conducted to root the Sea of Japan lineage, which has a star-like phylogeny and had not been reliably rooted. The topologies of the bootstrap trees were investigated to determine whether the use of mitogenomes alleviated the random rooting effect. The mitogenome data successfully rooted the Sea of Japan lineage by alleviating the effect, which hindered phylogenetic analysis that used specific gene sequences. The reliable rooting of the lineage led to the discovery of a novel, northern lineage that expanded during an interglacial period with high bootstrap support. Furthermore, the finding of this lineage suggested the existence of additional glacial refugia and provided a new recent calibration point that revised the divergence time estimation between the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean lineages. This study illustrates the effectiveness of parallel mitogenome sequencing for solving the random rooting problem in phylogeographic studies.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Parametric Optimization of Multi-Electrode Plasma Actuator with Serrated Electrode (2017)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-18
    Description: The thrust performance of the multi-electrode plasma actuator has been investigated and optimized in terms of the configuration of the actuator element and the driving conditions, from the viewpoint of electrical mobility of ions. A trielectrode plasma actuator that has two exposed electrodes with serration in bilateral symmetry was used in this study. The induced body force of the plasma actuator was investigated on quiescent air, by measuring thrust of the induced jet. With the experimental results, the physical factors that affect the growth of thrust is considered, by estimating total momentum of ions from their drift velocity.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Potential of oxidative polymerization coating of cellulose nano-fiber by dopamine (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-16
    Description: In order to develop functional natural fiber reinforcements derived from cellulose nanofibers (CNF), surface modification of CNF by oxidative polymerization of dopamine was carried out. Resulting polydopamine (PDA)-coated CNF was blended with polypropylene (PP) to prepare the surface-modified CNF/PP nanocomposites. Obtained PDA-coated CNF and its nanocomposites were analyzed as to their morphologies, structures, and various properties. From analyses by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry, it was clarified that the treated CNF surface was homogeneously coated by PDA without re-aggregation of CNF. Moreover, it was confirmed that the PDA-coated CNF/PP nanocomposites had excellent mechanical performances and good antistatic properties.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Species diversity of pelagic chaetognaths in the Indo-Pacific region (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: We analyzed the species composition of pelagic chaetognaths in the Indo-Pacific region as reported in published papers to demonstrate geographic variation in their species diversity and its relationships with environmental variables. The resulting latitudinal pattern in species richness (SR) was asymmetric to the equator, with a peak at 35°N in the Kuroshio area and a gradual decrease to a minimum at ~40°S. Shannon's diversity index ( H ') showed a similar pattern, except that it plateaued between 20°N and 35°S. Regression analyses and structural equation models (SEMs) showed that temperature was the most important explanatory variable, both for SR and H '. The SEM also demonstrated that chlorophyll a concentration and mixed-layer depth were the second most effective variables for SR and H' , respectively. On the basis of these results, models were constructed to estimate geographical variation in SR and H' . The estimated SR was high in coastal waters in tropical to subtropical areas, while H' was high at midlatitudes in the open ocean. The present data highlight the importance of the coastal waters of Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, but also indicate that a gap still exists in this area, which necessitates further data mining as well as basic research.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    A great-ape view of the gut microbiome (2019)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1471-0056
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-0064
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental fates of larval tissues after metamorphosis in the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Cell lineages ; Ascidian development ; Metamorphosis ; Horseradish peroxidase injection ; Endoderm differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Cell lineages during ascidian embryogenesis are invariant. Developmental fates of larval mesodermal cells after metamorphosis are also invariant with regard to cell type of descendants. The present study traced developmental fates of larval endodermal cells after metamorphosis in Halocynthia roretzi by labeling each endodermal precursor blastomere of larval endoderm. Larval endodermal cells gave rise to various endodermal organs of juveniles: endostyle, branchial sac, peribranchial epithelium, digestive organs, peripharyngeal band, and dorsal tubercle. The boundaries between clones descended from early blastomeres did not correspond to the boundaries between adult endodermal organs. Although there is a regular projection from cleavage stage and larval stage to juvenile stage, this varies to some extent between individuals. This indicates that ascidian development is not entirely deterministic. We composed a fate map of adult endodermal organs in larval endoderm based on a statistical analysis of many individual cases. Interestingly, the topographic position of each prospective region in the fate map was similar to that of the adult organ, indicating that marked rearrangement of the positions of endodermal cells does not occur during metamorphosis. These findings suggest that fate specification in endoderm cells during metamorphosis is likely to be a position-dependent rather than a deterministic and lineage-based process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050011
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notch homologue from Halocynthia roretzi is preferentially expressed in the central nervous system during ascidian embryogenesis (1997)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 207 (1997), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ascidian embryos ; Notch homologue ; CNS ; Equivalence group ; Cell interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We describe here the primary structure of HrNotch, an ascidian homologue of the Drosophila neurogenic gene Notch. HrNotch transcripts encode a protein of 2352 amino acids and share the principal features of the Notch gene family: extracellular epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, three Notch/Lin-12 repeats and six intracellular ankyrin repeats. Yet ascidian Notch contains only 33 EGF repeats in the putative extramembrane domain and specifically lacks the three EGF-like repeats. In situ hybridization shows that maternal HrNotch mRNA is distributed uniformly in the cytoplasm of the unfertilized egg. During cleavage, maternal HrNotch transcripts are ubiquitous in the ectoderm cells of the animal hemisphere, which contain less yolk granules. During gastrulation, maternal transcripts persist in most ectoderm lineage cells. Zygotic expression of HrNotch seems to start at the neural plate stage in both a-line cells (descendants of anterior-animal blastomeres) of the dorsal neuroectoderm and b-line cells (descendants of the posterior-animal blastomeres) that comprise the neural fold. Following this stage, transcripts are most evident in the descendants of these cells, that is, the brain lineage cells, precursors of a larval adhesive organ, and dorsal part of the nerve cord (roof plate). Brain lineage cells include the precursors of sensory pigment cells that are known to comprise an equivalence group in ascidian embryos. During tail elongation, transcripts disappear. Predominant expression of HrNotch in epidermal and neural cells is a common feature of chordate Notch genes. Furthermore, the timing of HrNotch expression in sensory pigment cell precursors suggests involvement in the determinative events in the sensory pigment cell equivalence group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050126
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