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  • 1
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    The heartbeat of the Oligocene climate system (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: A 13-million-year continuous record of Oligocene climate from the equatorial Pacific reveals a pronounced "heartbeat" in the global carbon cycle and periodicity of glaciations. This heartbeat consists of 405,000-, 127,000-, and 96,000-year eccentricity cycles and 1.2-million-year obliquity cycles in periodically recurring glacial and carbon cycle events. That climate system response to intricate orbital variations suggests a fundamental interaction of the carbon cycle, solar forcing, and glacial events. Box modeling shows that the interaction of the carbon cycle and solar forcing modulates deep ocean acidity as well as the production and burial of global biomass. The pronounced 405,000-year eccentricity cycle is amplified by the long residence time of carbon in the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palike, Heiko -- Norris, Richard D -- Herrle, Jens O -- Wilson, Paul A -- Coxall, Helen K -- Lear, Caroline H -- Shackleton, Nicholas J -- Tripati, Aradhna K -- Wade, Bridget S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1894-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. H.Palike@soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; *Carbon ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Climate ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton ; Sunlight ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The magnitude and duration of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glaciation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: Understanding ancient climate changes is hampered by the inability to disentangle trends in ocean temperature from trends in continental ice volume. We used carbonate "clumped" isotope paleothermometry to constrain ocean temperatures, and thereby estimate ice volumes, through the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glaciation. We find tropical ocean temperatures of 32 degrees to 37 degrees C except for short-lived cooling by ~5 degrees C during the final Ordovician stage. Evidence for ice sheets spans much of the study interval, but the cooling pulse coincided with a glacial maximum during which ice volumes likely equaled or exceeded those of the last (Pleistocene) glacial maximum. This cooling also coincided with a large perturbation of the carbon cycle and the Late Ordovician mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finnegan, Seth -- Bergmann, Kristin -- Eiler, John M -- Jones, David S -- Fike, David A -- Eisenman, Ian -- Hughes, Nigel C -- Tripati, Aradhna K -- Fischer, Woodward W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):903-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1200803. Epub 2011 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. sethf@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Coupling of CO2 and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: The carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the atmosphere has varied cyclically between approximately 180 and approximately 280 parts per million by volume over the past 800,000 years, closely coupled with temperature and sea level. For earlier periods in Earth's history, the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is much less certain, and the relation between pCO2 and climate remains poorly constrained. We use boron/calcium ratios in foraminifera to estimate pCO2 during major climate transitions of the past 20 million years. During the Middle Miocene, when temperatures were approximately 3 degrees to 6 degrees C warmer and sea level was 25 to 40 meters higher than at present, pCO2 appears to have been similar to modern levels. Decreases in pCO(2) were apparently synchronous with major episodes of glacial expansion during the Middle Miocene (approximately 14 to 10 million years ago) and Late Pliocene (approximately 3.3 to 2.4 million years ago).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tripati, Aradhna K -- Roberts, Christopher D -- Eagle, Robert A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1394-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178296. Epub 2009 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ripple@zephyr.ess.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Dinosaur body temperatures determined from isotopic ((1)(3)C-(1)(8)O) ordering in fossil biominerals (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: The nature of the physiology and thermal regulation of the nonavian dinosaurs is the subject of debate. Previously, arguments have been made for both endothermic and ectothermic metabolisms on the basis of differing methodologies. We used clumped isotope thermometry to determine body temperatures from the fossilized teeth of large Jurassic sauropods. Our data indicate body temperatures of 36 degrees to 38 degrees C, which are similar to those of most modern mammals. This temperature range is 4 degrees to 7 degrees C lower than predicted by a model that showed scaling of dinosaur body temperature with mass, which could indicate that sauropods had mechanisms to prevent excessively high body temperatures being reached because of their gigantic size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eagle, Robert A -- Tutken, Thomas -- Martin, Taylor S -- Tripati, Aradhna K -- Fricke, Henry C -- Connely, Melissa -- Cifelli, Richard L -- Eiler, John M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):443-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1206196. Epub 2011 Jun 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. rob.eagle@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; Carbonates/analysis ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry ; Dinosaurs/*physiology ; *Fossils ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Phosphates/analysis ; Tanzania ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    High regional climate sensitivity over continental China constrained by glacial-recent changes in temperature and the hydrological cycle (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Clumped-Isotope Constraints On Cement Paragenesis In Septarian Concretions (2014)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: A bstract :  Septarian concretions exhibit multiple generations of cements that include body, fringe, and spar phases. Classic paragenetic interpretations include initial precipitation of the body followed by fringe(s) and then by spar in more or less discrete events. Traditional approaches (e.g., carbon and oxygen isotope analyses) are generally unable to distinguish paragenetic trends as they relate to specific formation environments (e.g., precipitation during burial or with meteoric influx). Here we present carbonate clumped-isotope, 13 C ( 13 C carb ), and 18 O ( 18 O carb ) values for septarian concretions taken from four host units in order to assess cement paragenesis and overcome traditional shortcomings. Clumped-isotope and 18 O fluid data exhibit a wide range of values, with carbonate precipitation temperatures between ~ 20 and 50°C and 18 O fluid compositions of ~ –14 to +4 (VSMOW). In stable-isotope cross-plots, specific cement phases group together and confirm the paragenesis indicated by superposition. In some cases, samples analyzed from concretion bodies yield temperature and 18 O fluid values that indicate formation at shallow depths, consistent with independent data (e.g., high minus-cement porosity, external laminae deflection). In contrast, other concretion-body analyses indicate relatively high body temperatures that conflict with shallow-formation indices. Petrographic and backscatter scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that concretion bodies partially consist of a secondary, replacement phase, which could explain the higher temperatures expressed in bulk body samples. Based on data for different phases in these septarian concretions, we suggest that initial body-cement precipitation occurred at relatively shallow depths from unmodified seawater, followed by fringe formation at elevated temperatures that likely coincided with the emplacement of the secondary body phase. When considered together, late-stage spar phases exhibit temperatures and 18 O fluid values supportive of spar precipitation from fluids with a significant meteoric component, possibly during uplift.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 7
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    High climate sensitivity over continental China [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-29
    Description: The East Asian monsoon is one of Earth’s most significant climatic phenomena, and numerous paleoclimate archives have revealed that it exhibits variations on orbital and suborbital time scales. Quantitative constraints on the climate changes associated with these past variations are limited, yet are needed to constrain sensitivity of the region...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Determining the Diagenetic Conditions of Concretion Formation: Assessing Temperatures and Pore Waters Using Clumped Isotopes (2012)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: : Carbonate- 18 O paleothermometry is used in many diagenetic studies to unravel the thermal history of basins. However, this approach generally requires an assumed pore-water 18 O ( 18 O pw ) value, a parameter that is difficult to quantify in past regimes. In addition, many processes can change the original isotopic composition of pore water, which further complicates the assignment of an initial 18 O pw and can lead to erroneous temperature estimates. Here, we use clumped-isotope thermometry, a proxy based on the 13 C– 18 O bond abundance in carbonate minerals, to evaluate the temperatures of concretion formation in the Miocene Monterey Formation and the Cretaceous Holz Shale, California. These temperatures are combined with established carbonate–water fractionation factors to calculate the associated 18 O pw . Results demonstrate that diagenetic processes can modify the 18 O of ancient pore water, confounding attempts to estimate diagenetic temperatures using standard approaches. Clumped-isotope-based temperature estimates for Monterey Formation concretions range from ~ 17 to 35°C, up to ~ 12°C higher than traditional 18 O carbonate–water paleothermometry when 18 O pw values are assumed to equal Miocene seawater values. Calculated 18 O pw values range from +0.3 to +2.5 (VSMOW)—higher than coeval Miocene seawater, likely due to 18 O pw modification accompanying diagenesis of sedimentary siliceous phases. Clumped-isotope temperatures for the Holz Shale concretions range from ~ 33 to 44°C, about 15 to 30°C lower than temperatures derived using the traditional method. Calculated 18 O pw values range from –5.0 to –2.9 and likely reflect the influx of meteoric fluids. We conclude that the use of clumped isotopes both improves the accuracy of temperature reconstructions and provides insight into the evolution of 18 O pw during diagenesis, addressing a longstanding conundrum in basin-evolution research.
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
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  • 9
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    The influence of temperature and seawater carbonate saturation state on 13C-18O bond ordering in bivalve mollusks (2013)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-04
    Description: The shells of marine mollusks are widely used archives of past climate and ocean chemistry. Whilst the measurement of mollusk δ18O to develop records of past climate change is a commonly used approach, it has proven challenging to develop reliable independent paleothermometers that can be used to deconvolve the contributions of temperature and fluid composition on molluscan oxygen isotope compositions. Here we investigate the temperature dependence of 13C-18O bond abundance, denoted by the measured parameter Δ47, in shell carbonates of bivalve mollusks and assess its potential to be a useful paleothermometer. We report measurements on cultured specimens spanning a range in water temperatures of 5 to 25 °C, and field-collected specimens spanning a range of −1 to 29 °C. In addition we investigate the potential influence of carbonate saturation state on bivalve stable isotope compositions by making measurements on both calcitic and aragonitic specimens that have been cultured in seawater that is either supersaturated or undersaturated with respect to aragonite. We find a robust relationship between Δ47 and growth temperature. We also find that the slope of a linear regression through the Δ47 data for bivalves plotted against seawater temperature is significantly shallower than previously published inorganic and biogenic carbonate calibration studies produced in our laboratory and go on to discuss the possible sources of this difference. We find that changing seawater saturation state does not have significant effect on the Δ47 of bivalve shell carbonate in two taxa that we examined, and we do not observe significant differences between Δ47-temperature relationships between calcitic and aragonitic taxa.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 10
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    Clumped-Isotope Constraints On Cement Paragenesis In Septarian Concretions (2014)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3681
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology
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