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  • 1
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    Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue. The XEN 111 Study Group (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: Pig organs may offer a solution to the shortage of human donor organs for transplantation, but concerns remain about possible cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Samples were collected from 160 patients who had been treated with various living pig tissues up to 12 years earlier. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein immunoblot analyses were performed on serum from all 160 patients. No viremia was detected in any patient. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 159 of the patients were analyzed by PCR using PERV-specific primers. No PERV infection was detected in any of the patients from whom sufficient DNA was extracted to allow complete PCR analysis (97 percent of the patients). Persistent microchimerism (presence of donor cells in the recipient) was observed in 23 patients for up to 8.5 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paradis, K -- Langford, G -- Long, Z -- Heneine, W -- Sandstrom, P -- Switzer, W M -- Chapman, L E -- Lockey, C -- Onions, D -- Otto, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imutran Ltd. (a Novartis Pharma AG company), Post Office Box 399, Cambridge CB2 2YP, UK. khazal.paradis@pharma.novartis.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chimera ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Female ; *Gammaretrovirus/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Retroviridae Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects ; Tumor Virus Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; Viremia/diagnosis ; *Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant functions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merchant, Sabeeha S -- Prochnik, Simon E -- Vallon, Olivier -- Harris, Elizabeth H -- Karpowicz, Steven J -- Witman, George B -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Marechal-Drouard, Laurence -- Marshall, Wallace F -- Qu, Liang-Hu -- Nelson, David R -- Sanderfoot, Anton A -- Spalding, Martin H -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Ren, Qinghu -- Ferris, Patrick -- Lindquist, Erika -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lucas, Susan M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Cardol, Pierre -- Cerutti, Heriberto -- Chanfreau, Guillaume -- Chen, Chun-Long -- Cognat, Valerie -- Croft, Martin T -- Dent, Rachel -- Dutcher, Susan -- Fernandez, Emilio -- Fukuzawa, Hideya -- Gonzalez-Ballester, David -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- Hallmann, Armin -- Hanikenne, Marc -- Hippler, Michael -- Inwood, William -- Jabbari, Kamel -- Kalanon, Ming -- Kuras, Richard -- Lefebvre, Paul A -- Lemaire, Stephane D -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Lohr, Martin -- Manuell, Andrea -- Meier, Iris -- Mets, Laurens -- Mittag, Maria -- Mittelmeier, Telsa -- Moroney, James V -- Moseley, Jeffrey -- Napoli, Carolyn -- Nedelcu, Aurora M -- Niyogi, Krishna -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Paulsen, Ian T -- Pazour, Greg -- Purton, Saul -- Ral, Jean-Philippe -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Riekhof, Wayne -- Rymarquis, Linda -- Schroda, Michael -- Stern, David -- Umen, James -- Willows, Robert -- Wilson, Nedra -- Zimmer, Sara Lana -- Allmer, Jens -- Balk, Janneke -- Bisova, Katerina -- Chen, Chong-Jian -- Elias, Marek -- Gendler, Karla -- Hauser, Charles -- Lamb, Mary Rose -- Ledford, Heidi -- Long, Joanne C -- Minagawa, Jun -- Page, M Dudley -- Pan, Junmin -- Pootakham, Wirulda -- Roje, Sanja -- Rose, Annkatrin -- Stahlberg, Eric -- Terauchi, Aimee M -- Yang, Pinfen -- Ball, Steven -- Bowler, Chris -- Dieckmann, Carol L -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- Green, Pamela -- Jorgensen, Richard -- Mayfield, Stephen -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Rajamani, Sathish -- Sayre, Richard T -- Brokstein, Peter -- Dubchak, Inna -- Goodstein, David -- Hornick, Leila -- Huang, Y Wayne -- Jhaveri, Jinal -- Luo, Yigong -- Martinez, Diego -- Ngau, Wing Chi Abby -- Otillar, Bobby -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Porter, Aaron -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Werner, Gregory -- Zhou, Kemin -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Grossman, Arthur R -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM032843/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062915-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM030626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):245-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*genetics/physiology ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Algal/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Photosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants/genetics ; Proteome ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    New genes in Drosophila quickly become essential (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: To investigate the origin and evolution of essential genes, we identified and phenotyped 195 young protein-coding genes, which originated 3 to 35 million years ago in Drosophila. Knocking down expression with RNA interference showed that 30% of newly arisen genes are essential for viability. The proportion of genes that are essential is similar in every evolutionary age group that we examined. Under constitutive silencing of these young essential genes, lethality was high in the pupal stage and also found in the larval stages. Lethality was attributed to diverse cellular and developmental defects, such as organ formation and patterning defects. These data suggest that new genes frequently and rapidly evolve essential functions and participate in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Sidi -- Zhang, Yong E -- Long, Manyuan -- R01GM065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM078070-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1682-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1196380.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Drosophila/classification/*genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/classification/*genetics/growth & development ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Essential ; *Genes, Insect ; Larva/genetics/growth & development ; Metamorphosis, Biological ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pupa/genetics/growth & development ; RNA Interference ; Time Factors ; Wings, Animal/abnormalities/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Fossil musculature of the most primitive jawed vertebrates (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: The transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) resulted in the reconfiguration of the muscles and skeleton of the head, including the creation of a separate shoulder girdle with distinct neck muscles. We describe here the only known examples of preserved musculature from placoderms (extinct armored fishes), the phylogenetically most basal jawed vertebrates. Placoderms possess a regionalized muscular anatomy that differs radically from the musculature of extant sharks, which is often viewed as primitive for gnathostomes. The placoderm data suggest that neck musculature evolved together with a dermal joint between skull and shoulder girdle, not as part of a broadly flexible neck as in sharks, and that transverse abdominal muscles are an innovation of gnathostomes rather than of tetrapods.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trinajstic, Kate -- Sanchez, Sophie -- Dupret, Vincent -- Tafforeau, Paul -- Long, John -- Young, Gavin -- Senden, Tim -- Boisvert, Catherine -- Power, Nicola -- Ahlberg, Per Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):160-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1237275. Epub 2013 Jun 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23765280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics ; *Fossils ; Maxillofacial Development/*genetics ; Neck Muscles/*anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A selective inhibitor of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation protects cells from ER stress (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: Most protein phosphatases have little intrinsic substrate specificity, making selective pharmacological inhibition of specific dephosphorylation reactions a challenging problem. In a screen for small molecules that protect cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we identified salubrinal, a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha). Salubrinal also blocks eIF2alpha dephosphorylation mediated by a herpes simplex virus protein and inhibits viral replication. These results suggest that selective chemical inhibitors of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation may be useful in diseases involving ER stress or viral infection. More broadly, salubrinal demonstrates the feasibility of selective pharmacological targeting of cellular dephosphorylation events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyce, Michael -- Bryant, Kevin F -- Jousse, Celine -- Long, Kai -- Harding, Heather P -- Scheuner, Donalyn -- Kaufman, Randal J -- Ma, Dawei -- Coen, Donald M -- Ron, David -- Yuan, Junying -- AI19838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI26077/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DDK42394/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK47119/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- ES08681/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM64703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS35138/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37-AG012859/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):935-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cinnamates/*pharmacology/toxicity ; *Cytoprotection ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/*metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects/physiology ; Keratitis, Herpetic/drug therapy/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Oxazoles/pharmacology/toxicity ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Thiourea/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Extensive gene traffic on the mammalian X chromosome (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Emerson, J J -- Kaessmann, Henrik -- Betran, Esther -- Long, Manyuan -- GM-065429-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genetic Linkage ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pseudogenes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Testis/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Medicago truncatula DMI1 required for bacterial and fungal symbioses in legumes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Legumes form symbiotic associations with both mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. Several of the plant genes required for transduction of rhizobial signals, the Nod factors, are also necessary for mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of one such gene from the legume Medicago truncatula. The DMI1 (does not make infections) gene encodes a novel protein with low global similarity to a ligand-gated cation channel domain of archaea. The protein is highly conserved in angiosperms and ancestral to land plants. We suggest that DMI1 represents an ancient plant-specific innovation, potentially enabling mycorrhizal associations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ane, Jean-Michel -- Kiss, Gyorgy B -- Riely, Brendan K -- Penmetsa, R Varma -- Oldroyd, Giles E D -- Ayax, Celine -- Levy, Julien -- Debelle, Frederic -- Baek, Jong-Min -- Kalo, Peter -- Rosenberg, Charles -- Roe, Bruce A -- Long, Sharon R -- Denarie, Jean -- Cook, Douglas R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1364-7. Epub 2004 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fabaceae/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Plant ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Medicago/*genetics/metabolism/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic ; Rhizobiaceae/*physiology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-26
    Description: Sites of transcription of polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNAs for 10 human chromosomes were mapped at 5-base pair resolution in eight cell lines. Unannotated, nonpolyadenylated transcripts comprise the major proportion of the transcriptional output of the human genome. Of all transcribed sequences, 19.4, 43.7, and 36.9% were observed to be polyadenylated, nonpolyadenylated, and bimorphic, respectively. Half of all transcribed sequences are found only in the nucleus and for the most part are unannotated. Overall, the transcribed portions of the human genome are predominantly composed of interlaced networks of both poly A+ and poly A- annotated transcripts and unannotated transcripts of unknown function. This organization has important implications for interpreting genotype-phenotype associations, regulation of gene expression, and the definition of a gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Jill -- Kapranov, Philipp -- Drenkow, Jorg -- Dike, Sujit -- Brubaker, Shane -- Patel, Sandeep -- Long, Jeffrey -- Stern, David -- Tammana, Hari -- Helt, Gregg -- Sementchenko, Victor -- Piccolboni, Antonio -- Bekiranov, Stefan -- Bailey, Dione K -- Ganesh, Madhavan -- Ghosh, Srinka -- Bell, Ian -- Gerhard, Daniela S -- Gingeras, Thomas R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 20;308(5725):1149-54. Epub 2005 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA, Intergenic ; Exons ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*analysis ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Naturally occurring variation in bristle number and DNA polymorphisms at the scabrous locus of Drosophila melanogaster (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-09
    Description: The association between quantitative genetic variation in bristle number and molecular variation at a candidate neurogenic locus, scabrous, was examined in Drosophila melanogaster. Approximately 32 percent of the genetic variation in abdominal bristle number (21 percent for sternopleural bristle number) among 47 second chromosomes from a natural population was correlated with DNA sequence polymorphisms at this locus. Several polymorphic sites associated with large phenotypic effects occurred at intermediate frequency. Quantitative genetic variation in natural populations caused by alleles that have large effects at a few loci and that segregate at intermediate frequencies conflicts with the classical infinitesimal model of the genetic basis of quantitative variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lai, C -- Lyman, R F -- Long, A D -- Langley, C H -- Mackay, T F -- GM45146/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM45344/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 9;266(5191):1697-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7992053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; *Glycoproteins ; Haplotypes ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sense Organs/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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