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  • 1
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    A habitable fluvio-lacustrine environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grotzinger, J P -- Sumner, D Y -- Kah, L C -- Stack, K -- Gupta, S -- Edgar, L -- Rubin, D -- Lewis, K -- Schieber, J -- Mangold, N -- Milliken, R -- Conrad, P G -- DesMarais, D -- Farmer, J -- Siebach, K -- Calef, F 3rd -- Hurowitz, J -- McLennan, S M -- Ming, D -- Vaniman, D -- Crisp, J -- Vasavada, A -- Edgett, K S -- Malin, M -- Blake, D -- Gellert, R -- Mahaffy, P -- Wiens, R C -- Maurice, S -- Grant, J A -- Wilson, S -- Anderson, R C -- Beegle, L -- Arvidson, R -- Hallet, B -- Sletten, R S -- Rice, M -- Bell, J 3rd -- Griffes, J -- Ehlmann, B -- Anderson, R B -- Bristow, T F -- Dietrich, W E -- Dromart, G -- Eigenbrode, J -- Fraeman, A -- Hardgrove, C -- Herkenhoff, K -- Jandura, L -- Kocurek, G -- Lee, S -- Leshin, L A -- Leveille, R -- Limonadi, D -- Maki, J -- McCloskey, S -- Meyer, M -- Minitti, M -- Newsom, H -- Oehler, D -- Okon, A -- Palucis, M -- Parker, T -- Rowland, S -- Schmidt, M -- Squyres, S -- Steele, A -- Stolper, E -- Summons, R -- Treiman, A -- Williams, R -- Yingst, A -- MSL Science Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1242777. doi: 10.1126/science.1242777. Epub 2013 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bays ; Carbon/analysis ; *Exobiology ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/classification ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/analysis/chemistry ; *Mars ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Salinity ; Sulfur/analysis/chemistry ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    In situ radiometric and exposure age dating of the martian surface (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age of 4.21 +/- 0.35 billion years represents a mixture of detrital and authigenic components and confirms the expected antiquity of rocks comprising the crater rim. Cosmic-ray-produced (3)He, (21)Ne, and (36)Ar yield concordant surface exposure ages of 78 +/- 30 million years. Surface exposure occurred mainly in the present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion and transport. Our observations are consistent with mudstone deposition shortly after the Gale impact or possibly in a later event of rapid erosion and deposition. The mudstone remained buried until recent exposure by wind-driven scarp retreat. Sedimentary rocks exposed by this mechanism may thus offer the best potential for organic biomarker preservation against destruction by cosmic radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farley, K A -- Malespin, C -- Mahaffy, P -- Grotzinger, J P -- Vasconcelos, P M -- Milliken, R E -- Malin, M -- Edgett, K S -- Pavlov, A A -- Hurowitz, J A -- Grant, J A -- Miller, H B -- Arvidson, R -- Beegle, L -- Calef, F -- Conrad, P G -- Dietrich, W E -- Eigenbrode, J -- Gellert, R -- Gupta, S -- Hamilton, V -- Hassler, D M -- Lewis, K W -- McLennan, S M -- Ming, D -- Navarro-Gonzalez, R -- Schwenzer, S P -- Steele, A -- Stolper, E M -- Sumner, D Y -- Vaniman, D -- Vasavada, A -- Williford, K -- Wimmer-Schweingruber, R F -- MSL Science Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1247166. doi: 10.1126/science.1247166. Epub 2013 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers/analysis/chemistry ; *Cosmic Radiation ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments ; Isotopes/analysis/chemistry ; *Mars ; Noble Gases/*analysis ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/chemistry ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiometric Dating ; Surface Properties
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Elemental geochemistry of sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from an approximately average martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved, indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion and deposition. The absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low-temperature, circumneutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. Analyses of diagenetic features (including concretions, raised ridges, and fractures) at high spatial resolution indicate that they are composed of iron- and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components, and hydrated calcium sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. The geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLennan, S M -- Anderson, R B -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Bridges, J C -- Calef, F 3rd -- Campbell, J L -- Clark, B C -- Clegg, S -- Conrad, P -- Cousin, A -- Des Marais, D J -- Dromart, G -- Dyar, M D -- Edgar, L A -- Ehlmann, B L -- Fabre, C -- Forni, O -- Gasnault, O -- Gellert, R -- Gordon, S -- Grant, J A -- Grotzinger, J P -- Gupta, S -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Hurowitz, J A -- King, P L -- Le Mouelic, S -- Leshin, L A -- Leveille, R -- Lewis, K W -- Mangold, N -- Maurice, S -- Ming, D W -- Morris, R V -- Nachon, M -- Newsom, H E -- Ollila, A M -- Perrett, G M -- Rice, M S -- Schmidt, M E -- Schwenzer, S P -- Stack, K -- Stolper, E M -- Sumner, D Y -- Treiman, A H -- VanBommel, S -- Vaniman, D T -- Vasavada, A -- Wiens, R C -- Yingst, R A -- MSL Science Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1244734. doi: 10.1126/science.1244734. Epub 2013 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bays ; Calcium Sulfate/analysis/chemistry ; Chlorine/analysis/chemistry ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Ferrosoferric Oxide/analysis/chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Halogens/analysis/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/analysis/chemistry ; Magnesium/analysis/chemistry ; *Mars ; Silicates/analysis/chemistry ; Water/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Volatile and organic compositions of sedimentary rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-11
    Description: H2O, CO2, SO2, O2, H2, H2S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO, and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. H2O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, and amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition of carbonates and combustion of organic materials are candidate sources for the CO2. Concurrent evolution of O2 and chlorinated hydrocarbons suggests the presence of oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides are likely sources for sulfur-bearing species. Higher abundances of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the mudstone compared with Rocknest windblown materials previously analyzed by Curiosity suggest that indigenous martian or meteoritic organic carbon sources may be preserved in the mudstone; however, the carbon source for the chlorinated hydrocarbons is not definitively of martian origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ming, D W -- Archer, P D Jr -- Glavin, D P -- Eigenbrode, J L -- Franz, H B -- Sutter, B -- Brunner, A E -- Stern, J C -- Freissinet, C -- McAdam, A C -- Mahaffy, P R -- Cabane, M -- Coll, P -- Campbell, J L -- Atreya, S K -- Niles, P B -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Bish, D L -- Brinckerhoff, W B -- Buch, A -- Conrad, P G -- Des Marais, D J -- Ehlmann, B L -- Fairen, A G -- Farley, K -- Flesch, G J -- Francois, P -- Gellert, R -- Grant, J A -- Grotzinger, J P -- Gupta, S -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Hurowitz, J A -- Leshin, L A -- Lewis, K W -- McLennan, S M -- Miller, K E -- Moersch, J -- Morris, R V -- Navarro-Gonzalez, R -- Pavlov, A A -- Perrett, G M -- Pradler, I -- Squyres, S W -- Summons, R E -- Steele, A -- Stolper, E M -- Sumner, D Y -- Szopa, C -- Teinturier, S -- Trainer, M G -- Treiman, A H -- Vaniman, D T -- Vasavada, A R -- Webster, C R -- Wray, J J -- Yingst, R A -- MSL Science Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1245267. doi: 10.1126/science.1245267. Epub 2013 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bays ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis ; *Mars ; Oxygen/analysis/chemistry ; Sulfides/analysis/chemistry ; Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis ; Water/analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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